Chiyambi: Ntchito Yatsopano Yosintha Anthu

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, kukonzanso kwa m'mizinda kwakhala nkhani yaikulu, yoyendetsedwa ndi omanga ndi okonza nyumba ndi mapulani a tauni omwe ali ndi mfundo zochepa kuchokera kwa anthu okhala m’madera okhudzidwa. Zotsatira zake zakhala kuchotsedwa, kutayikiridwa kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kusadalirana pakati pa anthu ndi boma. [[FLT: 0]] Kusintha Chikhalidwe kwa anthu (ACT) [FORC:] kumaimira kusintha kwakukulu kwa paradigm . Kumaika anthu opanga mphamvu, ndi chuma chapamwamba cha dzikolo.

Kukonzanso kwa anthu a m’mizinda sikuli kokha kumanga mapaki atsopano kapena malo opanda anthu. Kuli ngati kukonzanso nsalu za anthu, kulimbikitsa mwaŵi wa zachuma kuchokera pansi, ndi kutsimikizira kuti anthu anthaŵi yaitali angagwirizane ndi mapindu a kubwezeretsanso mmalo mwa kuwagula. Kachitidweka kamapereka maziko a malamulo ndi ndalama zothandizira kuti masomphenyawa akhale enieni. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza zofunika za ACT, chipambano chenicheni cha dziko, ndi mmene magulu a anthu angathandizire kuchirikiza ntchito zawo zokonzanso zinthu.

Chithunzi cha Kumbuyo: N’chifukwa Chiyani Ankafunika Kupanga Kanthuka?

M'mbiri, maprogramu a kukonzanso kwa m'tauni a boma kuyambira pa Act ya House ya 1949 mpaka pambuyo pake ya HUD . Nthaŵi zambiri amaika patsogolo kuyambika kwa thupi pa zosoŵa za anthu. Malo oyandikana nawo osankhidwa kukhala “otsegulidwa” anagaŵiridwa, kuchotsa mazana a mabanja, ocheperapo ndi anthu ochepa. ACT analingaliridwa kukhala owongolera zinthu. Anatengedwa ndi mfundo za kukonza kwa anthu (CDC), osunga nyumba, ndi olinganiza a m'mizinda, anakhazikitsa malamulo a makhalidwe abwino a [[FLT:] oyenera kupambana ndi [FLT:] kudzisintha okha.

MPHAKA imayala pa maphunziro ophunziridwa kuchokera ku njira zachipambano zozikidwa pa malo monga programu yomanga yokhazikika ya anthu [1] ndi maprogramu a boma onga ngati Kusankha Malo. Komabe, imakhala yowonjezereka mwa kufuna kuti magulu a anthu akhale ndi mbali yaikulu m'zolinganiza ndi kupha. Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zakale zimene nthaŵi zina zinachitira zoloŵetsedwamo monga mwambo, malamulo akuti mbali yaikulu ya ndalama iperekedwe mwachindunji ku makampani audzu, osati kuseŵeretsedwa ndi mabungwe a mzinda wokha.

Njira Zothandiza Kwambiri pa Ntchito Yomasulira

ASANKHA AMENE amachirikiza kukonzanso kwa tauni kudzera m'zipilala zinayi zolumikizidwa: zopereka zachindunji, chithandizo chaluso, maluso omanga, ndi njira zomangira . Imodzi yakonzedwa kuchotsa zopinga zimene zalepheretsa kagulu ka anthu a m'madera akale kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma zazikulu.

Kupereka Ndalama Zoperekedwa Mwachindunji

Chiyambukiro chachikulu cha Act ndi cha ndalama. Ilo limalola mpikisano ndi njira yoperekera imasonyeza mwachindunji ntchito za anthu. Kugwiritsira ntchito koyenera kumaphatikizapo koma sikuli kokha:

  • Kuwongolera malo: mapaki a Pocket, malo ozungulira, minda ya anthu, ndi makwalala
  • Kukula kwa nyumba zokhoza kuwonongeka: Kupeza ndi kukonzanso mabungwe amene alipo, kumanga kwatsopano kudzaza ndi kukwanira stock okhoza kugula
  • Kayendetsedwe ka malonda kang'ono: Ma micro-grant a anthu a malonda a m'deralo, maprogramu owongolera, ndi ma wishini
  • Kusungidwa kwa malo: Kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumba za mbiri, maluso a anthu, ndi malo a misonkhano ya chitaganya

Mafashoni amayambira pa $500,000 pa ntchito za m'dziko lapafupi kufikira mamiliyoni angapo kaamba ka zoyesayesa zazikulu za zaka zambiri. Moyenerera, zopinga zogwirizana ndi zofunikira kaamba ka anthu olandira ndalama zochepa ndi kuchepetsa mtolo wa kuyang'anira mwa kulola magulu kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama kaamba ka zowonongedwa pothandiza . Kusinthasintha kaŵirikaŵiri kusoŵa m'maprogramu ena a boma.

Chithandizo Chochititsa Chidwi cha Njira Zogwirira Ntchito

Ndalama zokha sizingakwanire. Mabungwe ambiri a anthu alibe luso lofunikira logwiritsa ntchito malamulo a malo, kukonzanso malo okhala, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito bajeti yovuta yomangira zinthu. Ndalama za ntchito ndizo njira zothandizira zaumisiri za m'deralo . Nthawi zambiri amasunga zinthu zothandizira anthu osapanga phindu.

  • Uphungu womakula: Maphunziro a kulephera, kupenda malo, ndi mapulojekiti a zachuma
  • Tsigi yodalirika yochirikiza kulemba: Magulu othandiza kukonza mafomu okakamiza amene pepala limafunikira ndi kukonzekera ntchito
  • Utsogoleri wa malamulo ndi wa lamulo: Chithandizo ndi kugwirizana ndi National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Chigawo 106 choyang'anira kusungidwa kwa mbiri, ndi Davis-Bacon zofunika za malipiro
  • Ziŵiya zoperekera chikole: Kuphunzitsa njira zomangira, ndawala zogogoda pakhomo, ndi mapulatifomu a manambala a kufufuza kwa nzika

Nyumba zachitetezo zimenezi nzofunika kwambiri pochepetsa malo oseŵera kuti gulu la zitsulo m’dera lovutika lipikisane ndi ulamuliro wokonzedwanso bwino.

Mafakitale Opanga Zinthu Zosiyanasiyana

ACT imalimbikitsa [1] ndipo m'zochitika zina imafunikira . "kugwirizana kwa opereka chilolezo. Mwachitsanzo, wopereka chilolezo ayenera kusonyeza kuti ntchito yake iri ndi chichirikizo cha mudzi [[FLT: 0] chozikidwa pa trauble ] ndi kuti boma lakumeneko lasaina chikalata cha kuzindikira kolembedwa ku zilolezo za m'mabungwe. Mapangano ameneŵa angaphatikizepo:

  • Dziko la anthu limadalirana kukhala okulitsa
  • Mabungwe a m’mizinda akuvomera kuti akonze zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zokhudza ntchitoyi
  • Maziko othandizira kuwonjezera ndalama kapena ntchito zina
  • Anzawo a pa yunivesite kuti afufuze ndi kufufuza

Magulu a magulu osiyanasiyana ameneŵa amaonetsetsa kuti ntchito yomanga nyumba si zilumba zokha zowongokera koma kuti zikhale zolinga za malo okhala ndiponso zofunika kwambiri m’malo a boma.

Kumanga ndi Kuphunzitsa Anthu Omanga Nyumba

ACT imazindikira kuti mabungwe amphamvu ndiwo maziko a kukonzanso kosasintha. Imapereka mbali ya ndalama zake ku ntchito zomanga zomangira mzinda , monga:

  • Maprogramu a utsogoleri wotsogolera
  • Makampani osamalira ndalama (okonza zinthu, kuŵerengera ndalama)
  • Malo Okonzerapo Zinthu
  • Kukula kwa stemu ndi maphunziro a kuyendetsa
  • Maluso a kuzoloŵera kuyendetsa zinthu amasintha pa mlingo wa malowo

Maprogramu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amaperekedwa kupyolera m'mayanjano ndi maiko monga Entemprise Community Parters ndi malo ophunzitsira anthu a chigawo. Mwa kulimbitsa mphamvu ya magulu a udzu, njirayi imathandizira kutsimikizira kuti zoyesayesa zokonzanso sizili chabe zanthaŵi imodzi koma kusintha kosatha.

Kupambana: Kuchokera ku Midzi

Chiyambukiro cha Act chikhoza kuyesedwa ponse paŵiri m'mawu a quanti ndi qualititial. Kupenda koyambirira kwa maprogramu a woyendetsa ndege kumasonyeza kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro zingapo zazikulu:

  • Kukhazikika kwa pulogalamu: Malo okhala ndi ntchito zokonzedwa ndi ACT okumana ndi 15-20% yotsika ya kusamuka poyerekezera ndi malo ofanana amene amadalira pa kupita patsogolo kwa malonda.
  • Kukula kwa kabizinesi kang'ono: maprogramu a Micro-grant adawona kuwonjezereka kwa 40% m'mabizinesi akumaloko ndi kuwonjezereka kwa 25% m'mabizinesi atsopano mkati mwa zaka ziŵiri.
  • Kutetezereka kwa polisi: paki ya chitaganya ndi kuwongolera magetsi mogwirizana ndi kutsika kwa 12% kwa upandu wachiwawa ndi 30% ya kuwonjezereka kwa malingaliro a chisungiko pakati pa nzika.
  • Kugawana kwa chivomezi chachiwindi: [1] Voter posankha ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'mapangano apafupi zinakwera ndi avareji ya 18-22% m'madera ochirikiza ACT.

Zotsatira zake nzabwinonso: kugwirizanitsanso kwa njira, kugwirizana kwa pakati pa anthu opangidwa mwa kulima m'mudzi, ndi kunyada kumene kumabwera pamene okhalamo awona malingaliro awo kukhala enieni. Chigogomezero cha Act pa [[FLT: 0] kukhala mwini wa kampani [1] chimasintha olandira mautumiki osagwira ntchito kukhala opanga a ntchito m'malo awo.

Kufufuza Nkhani za M’madeko

Zitsanzo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza mmene njira ya Act igwiritsirira ntchito kukhala kusintha koonekera kwa malo okhala.

Chipata cha Mtsinje: Kuchokera ku Brownfield Kupita ku chitaganya cha Anchor

M’mbali mwa mtsinje wa mzinda wa Rust Belt, malo akale a maindasitale adasiyidwa kwa zaka makumi aŵiri, odzala ndi udzu ndi zitsulo zolemera. Malo osapanga zinthu pamodzi . Malo osapanga "Riverside Aafupi ndi [1] Omwe adawagwiritsira ntchito ndi kulandira mapepala a FGB. Mapaki ogwirizanawo sangokhala malo ongolowera ndi kuyenda m’njira komanso madzulo a a alimi ndi mafilimu. Lerolino, amayendetsa ntchito yopangayo ndi anthu 50 pa zochitika zapamudzi chaka chilichonse ndi kukonza nyumba. [FT] Mapulogalamu apafupi: [FUT]

Maluŵa a Kum’mawa kwa M’dera: Chiweruzo cha Zakudya ndi Chigwirizano cha Anthu

M'dera la ku Southern Africa la mzinda wa Southern America, bungwe la Eastside Community Development Corporation linagwiritsa ntchito chilolezo chomangira ntchito yophunzitsa anthu asanu ndi mmodzi kukhala akatswiri a paulimi. Potsatira ntchito yokonza, iwo anasintha malo khumi ndi mmodzi opanda anthu kukhala minda ya zomera zopindulitsa. Zokololazo zimagawiridwa kwa otenga chakudya. Pambali pa chakudya, minda ya maluwa imakhala malo amene eni nyumba ndi obwerera nyumba atsopano amamanga ubwenzi. Kufufuza kwa pa Yunivesite ya Michigan kunawonjezera 40% ya “makhalidwe aubwenzi. [1] Zomwe zimayendera monga zobwereka kapena zoyendera kwa okalamba okhala ndi ziwiya za m’munda uliwonse.

Kusintha kwa M’khwalala Lalikulu: Kubwezera Mabizinesi Aang’ono

M’tauni ya Appalachian, Act inachirikiza gulu la eni masitolo amene sanapezepo ndalama za boma. Ndi TA wa m'chigawo chosapanga phindu, iwo anasunga $250,000 kaamba ka programu ya sitolo. Mabizinesi oposa 20 analandira $15,000 imodzi pa kusaina kwatsopano, zotetezera, ndi mawindo a mphamvu. Projekitiyo inachirikizanso malo ogulitsa malonda omwe anakopa alendo kuchokera ku nkhalango yapafupi. Sales lisiti ya msonkho m'chigawocho anakwera ndi 28% pa zaka zitatu, ndipo masitolo anayi a sitolo anadzaza ndi miyezi 18 isanathe.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Ndiponso Kuwaganizira

Koma sikuti pali mavuto ambiri chifukwa chakuti pali zinthu zina zimene zimalepheretsa munthu kuchita zimenezi.

  • Kukhazikitsa: Ngakhale ndi malamulo ofeŵa, timagulu tating'ono timalimbana ndi zofunika za boma zopereka lipoti ndi miyezo ya zofunikira.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha kwa kukongoletsa: Kuwongolera kwabwino kungawonjezere mtengo wa katundu ndi misonkho ya katundu, kunyalanyaza kuikira nzika zolinga za kutumikira. Kuteteza malo monga ngati kudalira malo ndi kulipira malamulo a kugoma kumafunikira pamodzi ndi kuikizira ndalama.
  • Mipata ya kuchuluka kwa zinthu: [[FLT :1] M'madera ambiri otsika, palibe gulu lokhala ndi anthu lolimba kwambiri kuti litsogolere ntchito yaikulu yokonzanso. Ndalama zomangira mphamvu zingathandize, koma zingatenge zaka zambiri kukulitsa gulu latsopano kukhala lodalirika.
  • Kukana kwa ndale: Akuluakulu ena akumeneko amakana kuletsa kuyendetsa ntchito yopanga zosankha ndi kupereka ndalama kwa nzika. Uyang'aniro wa boma wa Strong ndi chinenero chomveka bwino cha malamulo nzofunika kusungitsa lamulo la chitaganya.

Kuthetsa mavuto ameneŵa kumafuna kusintha kopitirizabe kuti mupeze malangizo otsatizirapo ndi kudzipereka kopitirizabe ku project-center mlingo uliwonse.

Makhalidwe Abwino Kwambiri kwa Magulu Ofuna Chichirikizo

Magulu ofuna kukonza njira zochitira zinthu angawonjezere mwaŵi wawo wa chipambano mwa kutsatira njira zotsimikiziridwa izi:

  1. Mangani mgwirizano waukulu kuyambiriro. Akhale ndi nzika, mabizinesi akwanuko, mabungwe a chikhulupiriro, ndi sukulu musanalembe pepala. Chikalata chakuti mukhale ndi pangano kwa mphindi zosonkhanira, zilembo, ndi makalata ochirikiza.
  2. .Ili ndi kampani ya zandalama ngati mulibe malo ake osapindulitsa. Magulu ambiri aang'ono angagwirizane ndi gulu lokhazikitsidwa 501(c)(3) limene lingalandire ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopereka.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Yayamba ntchito yomakula. Gwiritsirani ntchito mbali ya ndalama iliyonse ya mbewu kuchititsa kufufuza malo, maphunziro a msika, ndi kusanthula kwabwino. Zimenezi zimasonyeza kufunitsitsa kwa osonkhetsa ndalama.
  4. Nzofunika kuti zisamaliridwe kwanthaŵi yaitali. Paki yatsopano yonyezimira imakhala yopanda pake ngati palibe ndalama zoisamalira. Phatikizani mapulani a udindo ndi bajeti kaamba ka mtengo wa ntchito yopitirizabe.
  5. Auzeni nkhani yanu. Gwiritsirani zithunzi, mavidiyo, ndi maumboni aumwini kusonyeza mphamvu ya ntchito yanu. Nkhani zolimba zimamveka ndi zobwereza ndi kuthandiza kuchirikiza anthu.

Tsogolo la Anthu a M’tauni

Act yavomerezedwa tsopano kupyola chaka cha 2027, ndi kukangananso kwa kulembedwa kwatsopano kwayamba kale. Magulu a abere akukakamiza kuti afutukule mlingo wa ndalama, makonzedwe amphamvu oletsa malo, ndi makonzedwe okhazikika a anthu ambiri osakhala ndi zisonkhezero. Palinso chikondwerero chomakula cha kugwirizanitsa Actal kukwaniritsa zolinga za kulimba kwa nyengo, zonga ngati kuwonjezera kwa zomangamanga ndi kuyambika kwa kayendedwe.

Pakali pano, chipambano cha Acts chasonkhezera njira zofanana pa milingo ya boma ndi malo. Malamulo angapo a mizinda yayamba “mwaŵi wogwirizana” malamulo amene amasonyeza dongosolo la Act, akumapereka gawo la ndalama zowonjezera za msonkho ku ntchito za nzika. Monga World Resources Institute [1] ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse aona, chitsanzo cha chitaganya chikupeza chigawo cha anthu cha padziko lonse monga kachitidwe kabwino koposa ka kutukuka kwa mizinda yonse.

Kumaliza

Act Affordble Community Transformation Act imapereka mapulani amphamvu a mmene malamulo a boma angaperekere mphamvu mmalo mwa kulamula. Mwa kupereka zinthu zofunikira mwachindunji ku mizu ya udzu, kuchirikiza maluso a zopangapanga, ndi kufuna kugwirizana kolondola, njira yotheketsa anthu kukonzanso zinthu. Zotsatirapozo ndizo makwalala otetezereka, malo obiriŵira obiriŵira amene amagwirizanitsa anthu, ndi nyumba zimene zimakhala zokhoza kukhalabe zokhoza kukhala ndi anthu anthaŵi yaitali, ndi kutsimikizira kuti [FLT: 0] utsogoleri wa sakhala chabe njira yabwino; ndi yothandiza kwambiri kukonzanso mzinda. Monga momwe maactive ndi kufutukuka, zimakhalira ngati kuchitikira pamene tikufuna kudalira anthu.