Chiyambi

Boma la kumaloko limagwira ntchito pa mabwalo a ntchito ya anthu, kukonza miyoyo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri a m'dzikolo. Kuyambira kusoŵa nyumba ndi kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mpaka kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, mavuto amene anthu amayang'anizana nawo ngovuta ndi ogwirizana. Pamene kuli kwakuti boma ndi malamulo a boma amayala maziko a nyumba, ndi maulamuliro a boma amene ayenera kutembenuza malamulowo kuti agwire ntchito, zothetsera zako za moyo. Maboma ogwira ntchito kwambiri sangochitapo kanthu chabe ndi mavuto; amapanga maprogramumboni amene amasonyeza chikhalidwe cha anthu, chuma, ndi malo enieni a maiko awo. Nkhani ino ikupenda nkhani zenizeni zisanu za moyo weniweni . Zoyendera zoyendera, zoyendera, zochirikiza, zosamalira zaumbidwa, ndi zaumoyo wa anthu, zimasonyeza mmene atsogoleri akuchitira nkhani zomasintha ndi njira zatsopano za kukambirana nkhani, maphunziro ogwirizana ndi kuwongolera njira zina zofunika kwambiri, kuti ndi kuwongolera moyo wawo.

Kuphunzira za nkhaniyi 1: Makina Oyamba Kuyamba Kumanga Nyumba ku Austin, Texas

Chingelezi ndi Chitokoso

Austin wakhala mmodzi wa mizinda yomakula mofulumira kwambiri ku United States kwa zaka zoposa khumi, mosonkhezeredwa ndi chigawo cha maluso a zopangapanga ndi chikhalidwe chotchuka. Malinga ndi ziŵerengero za anthu a ku United States, anthu a mzindawo anawonjezeka ndi 20% pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020. Kukwera mofulumira kumeneku, limodzi ndi malamulo oletsa kuti mabanja a banja limodzi, amene anapangitsa nyumba zoyanjidwa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Pofika 2020, mtengo wa nyumba ya Austin unapitirira madola 75,000, ndalama zapanyumba za anthu omvera wailesi. Kutsika ndi kubwera kwa anthu ambiri kumadera akumidzi a m’tauni kapena kuthaŵa kwawo, anayambitsa mavuto a zachuma ndi katundu wa ndalama. Pofika 202020, mtengo wa Austin wa ndalama wa Austin unakwera kwambiri.

Zimene Anthu Anachita Potsatira Mfundo za M’Baibulo

Poyankha, mzinda wa Austin unayamba njira ina yosintha malo ndi kukonzanso malo mwachindunji. Zina mwa njira zimene zinatsatira:

  • Kusintha kosintha: Mzindawo unakonzanso mpambo wake wopangira nthaka kuti ulole kutukulidwa kwa malo okhala anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo nyumba zokhala (ADU) ndi nyumba zambiri m'madera omwe kale anali opangika kokha pa nyumba imodzi. Kusintha kumeneku, kodziŵika monga “HOME, cholinga cha kuwonjezera kukwera ndi kukwera kwa mtengo.
  • Chilengedwe cha Austin House Finance Corporation (AHFC): Bungwe la anthu okhazikitsidwa kupereka zomangira ndi likulu la anthu kuti apange nyumba zokhoza kugulitsidwa. AHFC yachirikiza makampani zikwizikwi mwa kubwereketsa ndalama, kusonkhetsa msonkho, ndi kupita patsogolo kwachindunji.
  • Mayanjano aumwini: Mzindawo unagwirizana ndi mabungwe osapanga phindu monga Austin Howare Authority ndi Foundation Community kuyambitsa maprojekiti a zopezedwa zosanganiza. Magwirizano ameneŵa anachepetsa mtengo womanga ndi kutsimikizira mapangano anthaŵi yaitali okhoza kupezeka.

Zotsatira Zake ndi Mavuto Amene Akupitirizabe

Pakati pa 2016 ndi 2022, Austin anavomerezedwa kapena kumangidwa nyumba zoposa 12,000 zokhoza kugulitsidwa mwa njira zimenezi. Austin House Finance Corporation inasimba lipoti lake la chaka cha 2023 kuti mabanja oposa 8,000 tsopano akupindula ndi malo ochitirako nyumba opereŵera. Kuwonjezera apo, kusintha kwa makampani kwachititsa kuwonjezeka kosavuta m’nyumba, makamaka m'chigawo cha zigawo zosoŵa (mafakiti, mashedi, ndi matauni).

Komabe, zovuta zikupitirizabe. Kufuna kuchuluka kwa anthu kukupitirirabe, ndipo kukwera kwa mitengo yomanga kwachepetsa ntchito zina. Kutsutsa anthu okhala m’madera okhazikitsidwa kukupitirizabe, ndipo kukakamiza anthu kusamuka m'madera a Black ndi Latino kumagogomezera kufunika kwa malamulo otetezera kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti pali zopinga zimenezi, Austin akusonyeza kuti kulinganiza kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa kayendetsedwe ka ndalama kungawonjezere moyenerera nyumba ngakhale m'masitolo otentha. Kuwonjezerapo, onani City of Austin Beast ndi Dipatimenti ya Kulinganiza zinthu .

Phunziro Lachiwiri: Kuwonjezeka kwa Zoyendera za Anthu ku Seattle, Washington

Chingelezi ndi Chitokoso

Seattle ndi chimodzi cha madera a mzinda wodzaza ndi anthu kwambiri ku United States. Kukula kwa ntchito zamakono (Microoft , Amazon) kunasonkhezera kuchuluka kwa antchito pamene misewu ya mzindawu inavutika kuti iyende bwino. Mu 2018, Tom Tom Traffm Index yosonyeza za Traffic inayang'ana Seattle mzinda wa 10 wa anthu ambiri ku United States, umene unali wotanganidwa kwambiri ndipo unali kuyang'anizana ndi avereji ya maola 138 pachaka. Ndiponso, kuperewera kwa njira zoyendera anthu oyenda zomwe zinawonongeka kwambiri m’madera ndi m'dera la anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa ntchito, maphunziro, ndi kusamala zaumoyo.

Zimene Anthu Anachita Potsatira Mfundo za M’Baibulo

Boma lakumaloko .Kugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi King County Metro ndi Sound Transit . linapereka makonzedwe ofunitsitsa ofutukula kayendedwe ochirikizidwa ndi malamulo a msonkho ovomerezedwa ndi wovota (malamulo 3 ndi a kumaloko). Zigawo zofunika zinaphatikizapo:

  • [[FLT : 0] njanji ya magetsi ikufutukuka : [[FLT :1] system Sound Transit ight blount imafutukuka kuchokera ku mzera umodzi wa 21 wa zilero mu 2009 mpaka chigwirizano cha mamina 48 mu 2024, kulumikiza tawuni ya Seattle ku yunivesite ya Washington, Capitol Hill , ndi kumpoto ku Lynningwood, komanso kum’mawa kwa Redmond ndi Bellevue. Chiwonjezero cha Federal Way anatsegulidwa mu 2024, ndi kuwonjezeranso ku Tacome ndi Evett.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chifaniziro cha makampani ogwirizana: Mu 2019 , King County Metro anamaliza chizindikiro chochuluka cha maprogramu ake a basi, kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa makhosi a mzera wapamwamba, kuwonjezera utumiki wa tsiku lonse pa njira za mtanda wa tauni, ndi kupanga mizera ya mabasi ya kufulumira (RapidRide) ndi njira zopatulidwa ndi malo oyamba a chizindikiro.
  • Kupanga kampani ya zoyendera yogwira ntchito: [[FLT :1] Mzinda wofutukulidwa ndi njira za njinga zoposa makilomita 50 pakati pa 2016 ndi 2024, kuphatikizapo misewu yotetezedwa ku madera a m'tauni ndi mayanjano. Programu ya njinga (pambuyo pake yoloŵetsedwa ndi ziwiya za nyukiliya) inayambitsidwanso kukhazikitsa zogwirizanitsa zoyamba.

Zotsatira Zake ndi Mavuto Amene Akupitirizabe

Okwera sitima zapamtunda ku Seattle anawonjezeka ndi 35% pakati pa 2010 ndi 2019, ndipo ngakhale kuti mliri wakwera, wawonjezeka kufika pa 80% ya mlingo wa presed COVOVID . Kufufuza kwa 2023 kochitidwa ndi Seattle Department of Transport kunasonyeza kuti sitima younikira yokha imachotsa maulendo 50,000 patsiku pa misewu, kuchepetsa kutulutsa CO2 ndi pafupifupi matani 1200,000 chaka chilichonse. Nthaŵi zopita ku mzinda kuchokera ku midzi yapando yatsika kufikira mphindi 30 patsiku pa nthaŵi yapamwamba.

Komabe, ndalama zimene zimatsala ndizo njira ina yaikulu kwambiri ya msonkho m'mbiri ya United States, ndipo mtengo wa misonkho pa ntchito zina zayambitsa mkangano. Equity imakhalabe nkhani: Masiteshoni a njanji zounikira m'madera olemera aona kupita patsogolo kofulumira, pamene kuli kwakuti masiteshoni ku South Seattle [1] imene imathandiza anthu ambiri osiyana. Malo olinganizidwa kukhala ndi nyumba ndi ntchito zamalonda. Pa ntchito yomanga ntchito, isonya ku webusaiti ya Sound Transit Transitait .

Phunziro Lachitatu: Chipani cha Anthu ku Chicago, Illinois

Chingelezi ndi Chitokoso

Chicago wakhala akulimbana ndi chiwawa ndiponso kusadalirana kwambiri pakati pa malamulo ndi anthu a m’madera a Black ndi Latino. Lipoti la 2017 la Dipatimenti ya Zachilungamo ku United States linapeza kuti apolisi ndi anthu ovutika kwambiri akuphwanya malamulo a boma komanso apolisi a m’Dipatimenti ya Chicago ya Apolisi (CPD). Unansi wa apolisi ndi anthu a m’dera lawo unafooka kwambiri moti anthu a m’deralo sankafuna kufotokoza milandu kapena kugwirizana ndi kafukufuku, ndipo zimenezi zinalimbikitsa chiwawa.

Zimene Anthu Anachita Potsatira Mfundo za M’Baibulo

Kuyambira 2018 (ndi kufulumira chivomerezo cha 2019), mzindawo unasinthira ku chitsanzo chapolisi ya chitaganya monga momwe chalongosoledwera mu “Boken Windows” ya Chicago ndi“ CAPS” (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy). Zochita zazikulu zinaphatikizidwa:

  • Magulu apolisi a polisi anthambi: CPD anagawa mzindawo kukhala zigawo za apolisi 22 ndi kugawitsa magulu opatulidwa a apolisi ku chigawo chilichonse. Maofesala ameneŵa anafunikira kupezeka pamisonkhano ya chitaganya yokhazikika, kutsogolera mapazi, ndi kugwirizana ndi magulu a anthu apafupi pa mavuto aakulu monga ntchito za gulu la anthu ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zinthu zina zosiyidwa.
  • Kugwirizana kwa chitaganya: misonkhano ya mwezi ndi mwezi inakhazikitsidwa kumene nzikazo zikapereka mwachindunji nkhaŵa za chisungiko ndi mkulu wa chigawo chawo ndi maofesala oimba. Misonkhano imeneyi inakhalanso pulatifomu ya kugawana ndi katundu, monga ngati kugwirizanitsa anthu ndi mautumiki a mayanjano.
  • [[FLT : 0] Programu za Uchinyamata: Mzindawo unafutukula maprogramu onga Cook County Sheffier’s Youth and Police Conveneship (YAP), ntchito za m'chilimwe (Chicago Wachimodzi), ndi programu ya Apolisi a Department ya Chicago yokulitsa chidaliro ndi achichepere ndi kupereka njira zina zoloŵera m'gulu laupandu.

Zotsatira Zake ndi Mavuto Amene Akupitirizabe

Kufufuza kwa aependent, kuphatikizapo 2022 a kafukufuku wa pa University of Chicago Crime Lab, anapeza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ntchito zapolisi m'madera oyendetsa ndege kunachepetsa 12% pa upandu wachiwawa ndi kutsika kwa 15% kwa upandu wa katundu poyerekezera ndi madera opanda maprogramu. Kukhulupirira kunawongokera: kufufuza kunasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa chiŵerengero cha maperesenti 9 mwa ofunitsitsa kwa nzika 911 kupereka lipoti la milandu yaikulu.

Komabe, kupita patsogolo sikunayende bwino. Zigawo zina zikusimbabe milingo yapamwamba ya ofisala, ndi mliri wa kupha anthu (20-2021). Otsutsa amanena kuti kusinthako kumakhalabe kwachiphamaso popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa bungwe la apolisi ndi njira zoperekera chilango. Komabe, kusintha kwa Chicago kuli ku ntchito ya apolisi ya polisi ya m'chitaganya kumasonyeza chitsanzo chimene mizinda ina ya Philadelphia ndi Los Angeles (waphunzira mosamalitsa. Chinega chambiri chimapezeka kudzera ku Dipatimenti ya Chiccice Captic Commentah.

Kupenda kwa 4: Kukhazikika kwa Malo Okhala ku Portland, Oregon

Chingelezi ndi Chitokoso

Portland yakhala yolamulira dziko lonse, koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2010 mzindawu unakumana ndi mavuto atsopano okhudza malo okhala. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri a ku United States akutulutsa carbon pokhapa, ankawonjezekabe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu. Malo owononga zinthu anali atawombana pafupifupi 50%, ndipo zinthu zoyendera zaukalamba za mzindawu zinavutika kwambiri kuyang'anira madzi osefukira, zomwe zinayambitsa kuipitsa mtsinje wa Willamamette. Kuwonjezera apo, kunabukanso nkhaŵa: madera otsika opezekapo madera osoŵa mipando yobiriwira ndipo anakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa zisumbu ndi mpweya waubwino.

Zimene Anthu Anachita Potsatira Mfundo za M’Baibulo

Boma la Portland linakonza njira yothandiza kuti zinthu zisathe, osati yophiphiritsa ayi.

  • Kuyendetsa bwino mphamvu kwa dzuŵa ndi mphamvu: Portland Clean Energy Fund (PCEF), yopangidwa ndi muyeso wa ovota mu 2018, imaika 1% ya ndalama kwa amalonda aakulu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zopezera ndalama zomangiranso mphamvu zothandizira kukonzanso mphamvu, ma projekiti a mphamvu, ndi maphunziro a zobiriŵira m'midzi yosungidwa. Monga 2024, PCEF yagawiridwa ndi maprojekiti oposa $200 miliyoni.
  • Midzi yobiriŵira ndi minda ya anthu: [[FLT ] Dipatimenti ya Mapaki ndi Zosangulutsa ya mzindawo inakonza “Mzinda wa Malo ". Makonzedwewo anawonjezera minda yatsopano ya mudzi ndi mapaki atsopano okwana 20 m'madera okhala ndi anthu otsika kwambiri pakati pa 2016 ndi 2022. Programu ya “Mtengo wa Bountioti [1] yodzala mitengo 40,000, yomangira madera opanda chikuto cha denga.
  • Zoro zoyesayesa za magetsi: Portland inafutukula chigawo chake cha pulogalamu ya m'mphepete mwa chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha mzinda chonse, inaletsa matumba apulasitiki amodzi ndi polystyrene, ndi kuyambitsa njira ya malipiro monga kutaya zinyalala. Pofika 2023, mlingo wa kutayitsa kwa mzindawo unafika 65%, mmodzi wa apamwamba koposa m'dzikolo.

Zotsatira Zake ndi Mavuto Amene Akupitirizabe

Pafupifupi 27%, dziko la Portland linachepetsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko ndi 27 peresenti, kuposa mmene linalili poyamba. PCEF inalipirira kuti magetsi aziika magetsi m’nyumba zotsika zokwana 2,000 ndiponso kuti anthu ambiri apeze ntchito kuchokera kumadera osauka. Kusintha kwa mpweya kwalembedwa m’madera pafupi ndi mitengo imene yangobzalidwa kumene ndi madera obiriwira.

Zovuta zimaphatikizapo mitengo yokwera ya kumanga nyumba zakale, kukanidwa ndi makampani ena ndi kuletsa pulasitiki, ndi kufunika kwa kusungabe ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za tauni pamene zikuyang'anizana ndi mavuto a kulinganiza ndalama kuchokera ku zinthu zina zofunika. Kuwonjezerapo, kuchuluka kwa nyumba za Portland nthaŵi zina kumatsutsana ndi zolinga za malo okhala. Kumanga kochuluka kumatanthauza malo osawonongeka ndi madzi otha. Komabe, njira ya Portland imasonyeza kuti zolinga zodalirika ndi zodalirika zimatheka pamene zigwirizana ndi ndalama zoperekedwa ndi kukwaniritsa pangano la pulogalamu yamakono. Paprogramu yamakono, chezerani projekiti ya Bureaundi Yomangamanga ndi yogwirizana ndi Kudzingiza ndi Kudziwirira.

Kupenda za Matenda 5: Aumoyo Oyamba mu New York City, New York

Chingelezi ndi Chitokoso

Mzinda wa New York uli ndi anthu 8.4 miliyoni amene ali ndi matenda oopsa. M’chaka cha 2015, chiwerengero cha anthu onenepa kwambiri chinapitirira 24% ya mzinda wonse, koma chinafika 35% m’madera monga East Harlem ndi South Bronx. Ziŵerengero za anthu osuta fodya, ngakhale kuti zikuchepa, zikupitirizabe kukhala zovuta kwambiri pakati pa anthu ena. Komanso, mzindawu unavutika ndi matenda aakulu monga matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi matenda a mtima, zimene zinawononga kwambiri anthu ndi mitundu ya anthu. Mavuto a thanzi ameneŵa sanangochepetsa moyo komanso anasokoneza dongosolo la zaumoyo la mzindawu.

Zimene Anthu Anachita Potsatira Mfundo za M’Baibulo

Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya New York City ya Hygiene, pansi pa Mayor Michael Bloomberg ndipo pambuyo pake Mayor Bill de Blasio ndi Eric Adams, anayambitsa njira zothandizira anthu onse a m'mikhalidwe yabwino zotchedwa “Healthy NYC. [1] Mbali zazikulu za moyo zinaphatikizapo:

  • Kampeni ya NYC: Mkupiti wa zaumoyo wa anthu wochuluka wogogomezera ntchito yolimbitsa thupi, kudya kwathanzi, ndi kuteteza. Mzinda wogwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mapaki a anthu onse, kufutukula makalasi aumoyo wa anthu (m', Sep Up NYC), ndi kugwirizana ndi kuwunikira za ma shopu atsopano m'mapulogalamu a pansipansi).
  • Kusuta ndi kuletsa kusuta fodya: Mzinda wa New York unaletsa kusuta m’mapaki a onse, magombe, ndi malo oyenda pansi a anthu kuyambira mu 2011. Chinakwezanso msinkhu wochepera wogula zinthu za fodya kufika pa 21 (choyamba m'dziko) ndi misonkho yowonjezereka pa ndudu. Mzindawo unayambitsanso maprogramu aufulu a kuchiritsa kopatsira chikonga.
  • Kupima kwa ufulu wa thanzi ndi maphunziro: Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya NYC inatumiza magalimoto athanzi kwa anthu otsala, kupereka BP yaulere ndi kupima matenda a shuga. Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo a m'chitaganya anaphunzitsidwa kuyambitsa nkhani zonga katemera ndi kuyang'anira chifuwa.

Zotsatira Zake ndi Mavuto Amene Akupitirizabe

Zotsatira zake n’zodziwika kwambiri. Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2020, chiwerengero cha anthu achikulire osuta fodya mu New York City chinatsika kuchoka pa 14.8% mpaka 11.0%, kutsika kwa kunenepa kwambiri komwe kunachitika mu mzinda waukulu wa United States. Odwala kwambiri anatsika ndipo ngakhale kutsika pang’ono m’madera ena apamwamba. Kafukufuku amene anafalitsidwa mu American Journal of Public Health anapeza kuti bungwe la Health Bodegas linawonjezera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba m’masitolo 28%.

COVID-19 ikupanganso zipambano zina mwa kusokoneza maprogramu ofufuza ndi kuwonjezera kusatetezeka kwa chakudya, koma mzindawo wakhala ukusintha. Osuliza amanena kuti zinthu zomanga . monga nyumba zosafunika ndi ndalama zosalingana. Zilibe zochititsa zazikulu za thanzi la anthu omwe ntchito zaumoyo zokha sizingathetse. Komabe njira zodziŵira bwino, zoikizira malamulo, pangano la chitaganya, ndi mautumiki olunjika. Chidziŵitso chowonjezereka chingapezeke pa webusaiti ya za za za zaumoyo wa anthu onse [[FLT:].

Kusamuka Kwa Maboma Akumaloko

Kufufuza kwa anthu asanu kumasonyeza zinthu zingapo zimene zingathandize oyang’anira malo ena:

  • Kulimbana ndi mabomba: mzinda uliwonse unagwiritsira ntchito chiŵerengero cha anthu, chuma, ndi chidziŵitso chaumoyo kudziŵikitsa zosoŵa zofunika koposa ndi anthu oyambukiridwa kwambiri. Seattle anagwiritsira ntchito kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi chidziŵitso cha okwera ndege; Austin anagwiritsira ntchito katundu wa kugula nyumba; Chicago anagwiritsira ntchito ziŵerengero za upandu ndi kudalirana kwa anthu.
  • Kugwirizana kwa pangano: [[FLT :1] Zothetsera zapamwamba zinalephera popanda kugula. Msonkhano wapafupi wa Chicago, mgwirizano wa m'mudzi wa Portland wa maluŵa, ndi kulengeza kwabwino kwa NYC zonse zimasonyeza kufunika kwa anthu okhala m’makonzedwe ndi m'zotsatira.
  • Madongosolo a ndalama zoyendetsedwa: maprogramu onse achipambano anachirikizidwa ndi kuikizira kopitirizabe [1] Kupitirapo ndalama za msonkho (State’s ST3, Portland’s PCEF), ziboo za makampani (Austin’s AHFC), kapena ma bajeti a tauni zoikizira (maluso a umoyo a NYC). Oyendetsa ndege afupi sapeza chipambano.
  • Utsogoleri wotchuka: Mzinda uliwonse unaphunzira ndi mavuto ndi njira yosinthika. Pamene programu ya Austin’s ADU inayang'anizana ndi kuchedwa, mzindawo unalunjika pulogalamuyo. Pamene chilembo cha basi ya Seattle chinayang'anizana ndi kutsuka koyambirira, zikhozero zapoyera zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito ku njira zofookera.
  • Kusumika maganizo pa zinthu: Zoyesayesa zachipambano koposa zokhala ndi cholinga chochepetsera zinthu zowonongeka [1] Kukhoza mwa kufunkha nyumba zokhoza kupezeka m'madera oŵirira, kupeza masiteshoni a zoyendera m'madera osungidwa, kapena kutsimikizira maprojekiti osungidwa kupindulitsa anthu opeza ndalama zochepa.

Kumaliza

Maboma a m’maderawa ndi malabola opangirako maufumu a democracy, kuyesa ndi kukonza mavuto ovuta amene amalongosola moyo wa m’tauni m’zaka za zana la 21. Zotsatira za Austin, Seattle, Chicago, Portland, ndi New York City zikusonyeza kuti palibe njira imodzi yoyendetsera imene ili yasiliva. M’malo mwake, ulamuliro wothandiza umafunikira kuphatikizana masinthidwe a nyumba, mayanjano a anthu, mayanjano a anthu, ndi zolinga zandale. Pamene mzinda uliwonse ukuyang'anizana ndi zitsenderezo zapadera za kugulitso chapanyumba, potengerapo kanthu kena, iwo akusonyeza kuti ntchito yosatha kukonzanso, kuti apangenso mipata yokhalitsa.