Kusintha kwa nyengo kuli ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo ngakhale kuti kuyesayesa kwa mayiko ndi boma kaŵirikaŵiri kumalamulira nkhani zambiri, maboma m'dziko lonse la United States atulukira monga malaboratori a zinthu zatsopano ndi zochita. Ndi boma la boma nthaŵi zina lasintha zinthu zofunika kwambiri, mayiko ambiri ayamba kupanga malamulo ochititsa kuti gasi wotentha asakhale ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ayamba kusintha kusintha kusintha kwa nyengo kudzera m'zopangapanga dziko lapansi lotentha. Zoyesayesa zimenezi sizili chabe zophiphiritsira; zikutulutsa mipata ya zachuma, ndi kupereka zitsanzo zimene mayiko ena akupereka, ndipo ngakhale mitundu ina imatsatira. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene maiko ambiri akusinthira kusintha nyengo mwa kusintha kwa nyengo kudzera m'zopanga malamulo, kukonzanso, ndi zipangizo zachuma, kukweza dziko lenileni la utsogoleri ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera dziko.

California: Apainiya Azaka Khumi M’kachitidwe ka Nyengo

California yakhazikitsa njira ya kuyendera nyengo ku United States. Malamulo a boma amangidwa pa maziko a kuchepetsa mphamvu ya kutulutsa mpweya, njira zatsopano za malonda, ndi nzeru za malo okhala zokhazikika. Pansi pa California Global Hotung Solutions Act ya 2006 (AB 32), boma linakhazikitsa programu yokwanira yochepetsera kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko kufika ku masitepe a 1990 podzafika 2020, cholinga chimene chinakwaniritsa zaka zinayi poyambirira. Kuyambira pamenepo, California yawonjezerabe, ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo 32 inakhazikitsa chigamulo cha 40% pansi pa 2030, ndi kulinganiza kwa karbon karbon 2030, ndi kulinganiza kwa kayendetsedwe ka ka ka ka karbon ka karbon podzafika 2045.

Kuyambapo

Ngakhale kuti California ndi likulu, imakumana ndi mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo magetsi, ngozi yamoto yochititsidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, ndiponso kufunika koonetsetsa kuti zinthu zakale za m’madera ena zikusintha. Komabe, malamulo ake akupitirizabe kuthandiza mayiko ena ndi mayiko ena.

New York: Kulinganiza Kukhupuka kwa Nyengo ndi Kukula kwa Chuma

New York State yatenga njira yofananayo yofuna kutchuka, yoyendetsedwa ndi Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA) ya 2019 ) mu 2019 . Imodzi ya malamulo amphamvu kwambiri a nyengo padziko. CLCPA imalamula kuchepetsa 40% kwa kutulutsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko kuchokera mu 1990 pofika 2030, kutsika 85% ndi 2050, ndi kutulutsa ukonde pa chuma chonse.

Kuyambapo

  • Kusintha kwa Mphamvu : [1] New York ikumanga magetsi aakulu kwambiri a dzikolo, ndi ntchito zonga South Fork Wind ndi Empire Wind kuyembekezera kupangira zikwi za ma megawatts. Bomalo linayambitsanso kupempha kwa mtunduwo kwa malo kwa dzuŵa ndi mphepo, kulinganiza 70% wa magetsi okonzedwanso mu 2030.
  • Kumanga Decarbontion: [[FLT :1] Mzinda wa New York wokha uli ndi nyumba zoposa miliyoni imodzi, zimene zimachititsa pafupifupi magawo aŵiri chitatu a kutulutsa kwake. Bungwe la Climate Action Council linakonza zomangira nyumba zokhala ndi mphamvu zotha kuwonongeka, kuphatikizapo malamulo atsopano a mphamvu zamagetsi, kutulutsa zokongoletsera kutentha, ndi mafuta a pansi pa nthaka. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSADA) imapereka maprogramu othandizira kuthandizira eni nyumba ndi mabizinesi kukonza bwino kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa magetsi.
  • programu ya kutumiza ndi MTA: [[FLT :1] Boma likulinganiza dongosolo lake la kudutsa kwa anthu, kuphatikizapo njanji zapamtunda ndi Metropolitan Transportation Authority ya basi. Programme Congestion Pricing mu Manhattan .H.H. iyambi ya mtundu wake mu U.S.
  • Justice Working Group: Yokhazikitsidwa ndi CLCPA, gulu limeneli limatsimikizira kuti malamulo a nyengo amapangidwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi ziyambukiro kuchokera ku zigawo zoyambukiridwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa kuipitsa ndi nyengo. Magulu osoŵa amaikidwa kaamba ka ntchito zamagetsi, maphunziro a ntchito, ndi ndalama.

Chitsutso cha magulu ena a bizinesi ndi nkhaŵa za ndalama zachepetsa zinthu zina, koma dongosolo la New York lidakali limodzi la madongosolo aakulu koposa m'dzikolo. Explore New York mapulani a nyengo ya pa Intaneti .

Washington: Kudalira Magetsi Oyera ndi Kachipangizo ka Carbon

Washington State yaphatikiza mphamvu zoyera ndi carbon primesus kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magetsi. The Cleena Energy Transformation Act (CETA) ya 2019 ikufuna zinthu zonse zamagetsi kuti zichotse magetsi a malasha pa 2025, ikhale ndi geneutral-gate pofika 2030, ndipo imatumiza 100% magetsi okonzedwanso kapena magetsi a zero magetsi pofika 2045.

Kuyambapo

  • Carbon Pricing:[FLT] Washington’s Climate Confission Act (CCA) , adadutsa mu 2021, inakhazikitsa programu ya kappeti ndi yaikulu yotulutsa. Kugulitsa kwa programuyo, ndi kupitiriza kuyang'anira ntchito zamagetsi, thanzi la nkhalango, ndi kulimba kwa mudzi. M’chaka chake choyamba, programuyo inakwera $1.5 biliyoni.
  • Kusintha: Boma laika chikole cha magalimoto amagetsi 8000,000 pamsewu pofika 2030 ndipo likumanga ndandanda yofuna ndalama. Programu ya “Chrreaty ” imapereka malipoti a $5,000 kwa anthu ogula maEV.
  • Natural Climal Climate Solutions : Washington] ikuika ndalama ku thanzi la nkhalango, kuchepetsa ngozi yamoto, ndi kugwetsa carbon ku ntchito. Dipatimenti ya Boma ya Natural Resources yakhazikitsa cholinga chobwezeretsa ndi kusunga mahekitala 1 miliyoni a nkhalango podzafika 2030.
  • Chiweruzo chakuya: [[FLT ] The Healthy Provial for All (HEL) Act ifuna kuti mabungwe a boma agwirizanitse chilungamo cha malo okhala m'kupanga kwawo zosankha ndi kugaŵira mapindu ku madera ochulukitsitsa.

Komabe, CCA inayang'anizana ndi kuyesayesa kosangalatsa kwambiri mu 2023 (I-2117), ngakhale kuti ovota anachirikiza programuyo pang’ono mu November 2024, kupitiriza kuchirikiza anthu kaamba ka kutsegulidwa kwa carbon price mosasamala kanthu za nkhaŵa za ndalama. Kuŵerenga zambiri ponena za Desitulity Syncreal Act ya Washington [1].

Colorado: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi Oyera M’njira ya Bipartisan

Colorado, dziko lopanga mphamvu ndi mafuta ndi gasi, ngakhale ndi tero lakhala lotchuka m'dongosolo la mphamvu yamagetsi yoyera. Kuphatikiza kwa boma kwamphamvu kwa kukonzanso njira zoyendera zoyendera zokhala ndi malamulo olinganizidwa kuchirikiza antchito ndi anthu m’kusinthana.

Kuyambapo

  • Kusinthanso Portfolio Standard: Votation yoyamba kutumiza magetsi okhoza kukonzedwanso mu 2004. Lerolino, boma lifuna zipangizo zothandizira oikizira kuti zitulutse 100% za magetsi oyera podzafika 2050. Xcel Energy , chiwitso chachikulu koposa cha Colorado, chili pa mzera kuti chipeze 80% ya carbon yaulere podzafika 2030.
  • Greenhouse Gas Reduction Roadmap: [FLT: 1] Bwanamkubwa Jared Polis anatulutsa mapulani atsatanetsatane mu 2021 ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo 26% pa 2005 ndi 2025 ndi 50% podzafika 2030 . Makonzedwewo akuphatikizapo njira zapadera za zoyendera, nyumba, maindasitale, ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nthaka.
  • Kusintha kochokera ku Coal: Colorado yakhazikitsa malamulo ochirikiza anthu ndi antchito oyambukiridwa ndi kutsekedwa kwa fakitale ya malasha. Just Transition Action Plan imapatsa ndalama zothandizira ntchito, kuchulukitsa kwa zachuma, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chitaganya m'madera odalira malasha onga Western Slope.
  • [[FLT :0] Kulandira kwa Kachilombo: Colorado imapereka ngongole ya boma ya $5,000 ya kugula zinthu za EV, ndipo boma likufutukulira zomangira zachuma kupyolera mwa Programu ya Colorado. Boma likufuna kukhala ndi maEV 9400,000 pa msewu podzafika 2030.

Kusintha kwa ndale kwa Colorado kwachititsa kuti anthu asiye kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera mavuto awo, ngakhale kuti kusagwirizana kumakhalapo pa nthaŵi yochotsa mphamvu ya kubereka ndiponso pa ntchito ya mpweya wachilengedwe. Komabe, mfundo za boma zimasonyeza kuti ngakhale mayiko olemba zinthu zakale za m’mabwinja a magetsi angathandize kuti nyengo ikhale yochititsa chidwi.

Oregon: Anazipanga ndi Anansi Ake Koma Analemba Njira Yake

Oregon wakhala mtsogoleri wa malo okhala kwa nthaŵi yaitali, koma malamulo ake a mkhalidwe wa dziko nthaŵi zina aletsedwa ndi lamulo loletsa kuyendetsa malo ndi kutuluka kwa Republican mu senate.

Kuyambapo

  • .Climate Action Program : Mu 2023], Oregon Legislature inaposa HB 3409, imene inagwirizana ndi kazembe Kate Brown 2020. Lamulo limaika mitu yochepetsa mpweya wotentha (45% pansi pa 1990 ndi 2035 ndi perse pers pofika 2050) ndi kutsogoza mabungwe a boma kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a chigawo cha chigawo, kuphatikizapo kutsika kwa kasupe wa mpweya wambiri wotulutsa mpweya.
  • Creat Energy Transition :[FLT :1] Oregon imafuna kuti 100% ya magetsi ogulitsidwa atuluke kuchokera ku magwero oyera pofika 2040, ndi mitu ya ziwopsezo. Bomalo liri lokhala ndi zipangizo za mphepo zazikulu mu Columbia Gorge ndipo likufutukukira cheza ndi magetsi ndi mabatire.
  • Wild ndi For Health : [[FLT ] Yoperekedwa ya nyengo zamoto zowononga za Oregon, boma lawononga kwambiri kukonza nkhalango, kuotcha, ndi maprogramu a kutentha kwa moto. Komiti ya Oregon ya ku nkhalango ya Programme yochepetsa zotengera ndi kuteteza madzi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Chiweruzo chamwambo:[FLT ] program ya Oregon Climate Justice (HB 4077) imaika patsogolo ndalama m'midzi imene yakhala ndi mavuto a kuipitsa, kuphatikizapo mafuko, madera akumidzi, ndi malo otsika opezekako.

Zoyesayesa za Oregon kaŵirikaŵiri zimayerekezeredwa ndi za Washington, koma boma lapita mochenjera kwambiri pa kutsegulira carbon, m’malo mwa kusumika maganizo pa njira yolamulira. nkhondo za ndale zadziko zopitirizabe zidzatsimikizira ngati Oregon ingachirikize mphamvu yake.

Massachusetts: Kuphatikiza mphepo ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Malo Othandiza Kwambiri

Massachusetts ayamba kale kwambiri ndi bungwe loona za nyengo la Global Houting Solutions Act la 2008, limene linafuna kuti pa 1990 pakhale kuchepetsako 25 peresenti ya magawo otulukapo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, boma layamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopezera zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo.

Kuyambapo

  • Mphepo ya ku gombe: Massachusetts inali boma loyamba kuvomereza kuchuluka kwa mphepo ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja kudzera pa 2016 Energy Diversity Act. Dokotala wa Vineyard Wind 1 (tsopano wogwira ntchito) ndiyo yoyamba ya malonda a pa famu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa U.S., kutulutsa magetsi okwanira kaamba ka nyumba 400,000. Boma lapanga maprojekiti owonjezereka, kuphatikizapo Commonweal Wind ndi MayFlower Wind.
  • Maseŵero Opetsa: Chokonza GWSA mu 2021 (Chilamulo Kupanga Msewu Wachiŵiri wa Mpata wa Massachusetts Climate Policy) chimakhazikitsa zikwangwani zatsopano: 50% pansi pa 1990 pofika 2030, 75% pofika 2040, ndi net-zero pofika 2050.
  • Kulephera kosakhala kwamphamvu: Misa Save, programu ya magetsi, imapereka ndalama zobwezedwa, kuŵerengera, ndi kukopeka kochepera kaamba ka kukwera kwa kuchuluka kwa malo ndi malonda. Programuyo yapulumutsa ogula m'mtengo wa magetsi pamene ikuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya.
  • Kumanga Decarbon : [1] Massachusetts akuyendetsa malamulo 10 tabbon yomanga, ndipo Dipatimenti ya Energy Resource ikupanga mpambo wa mphamvu wotalikirapo umene ungafunikire kumangidwa kwatsopano kuti akhale opanda magetsi m'madera ambiri.

Nthambi za nyumba ndi kusamuka kuchoka ku gasi wachilengedwe zikukhalabe nkhani zotsutsana, koma Massachusetts akupitirizabe kusonyeza kuti kachitidwe ka nyengo kangayende ndi chuma champhamvu. [FLT: 0] Pezani tsatanetsatane kuchokera ku Massachusetts Change Climate Office [1].

Kusintha m’Maboma Okhoza Kupititsidwa: Florida ndi Texas

Ngakhale kuti mayiko ena amaika maganizo awo makamaka pa kuchepetsa kutulutsa mafuta, ena mwapadera amene ali pangozi yokhudzidwa ndi nyengo, n’kusintha zinthu. Florida ndi Texas amapereka zitsanzo zosiyana zosonyeza mmene mayiko ndi anthu ambiri akuonera zinthu monga mafuta, mafakitale amphamvu opangira mafuta, ndi mavuto a nyengo.

Florida: Zoletsa Kukwera kwa Nyanja

Dera la Florida, kutsika kwa nthaka, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho zimapangitsa kuti likhale limodzi la maboma otetezeka kwambiri m'dzikolo. Komabe boma lake lakhala lochedwa kutengera malamulo ochepetsa mphamvu za kutulutsa mpweya, kaŵirikaŵiri akumatchula maboma a m’dzikolo. Komabe, kuyesayesa kwambiri kusinthako kukuchepa.

  • Kulinganiza: [1] Ofesi ya Florida ya Resilience ndi chigawo cha Coast inapangidwa mu 2019 kugwirizanitsa mayankhidwe a boma ku kukwera kwa nyanja, kukwera kwa mphepo, ndi kusefukira. Boma lawononga ndalama zoposa $1 biliyoni, kuphatikizapo misewu yokwezeka, masiteshoni a pomp, ndi magombe a moyo.
  • Leadership : [FLT :1] Matauni onga Miami, Fort Lauderdale, ndi Tampa akusintha paokha. Miami Beach wakweza misewu, waika mapombi aakulu, ndi kufuna nyumba zatsopano kuphatikizapo njira zotetezera chigumula. Miami-Dade County ili ndi njira yokwanira ya Sea Left Rise Strategy.
  • [[FLT : 0] Mphamvu yokhoza kuyambitsidwanso: Pamene Florida ilibe muyezo wa malo ozungulira, mphamvu ya dzuŵa ikukula mofulumira chifukwa cha kutsika kwa mtengo ndi magetsi opindulitsa. Duke Energy Florida ndi Florida Power & Light yadzipereka ku kukula kwa dzuŵa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Insurance Reformation: Florida ikulimbana ndi ndalama za inshuwalansi ya katundu yokwera chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa ngozi ya mphepo ya mkuntho. Boma lapasa masinthidwe kuti likhazikitse msika ndipo likufufuza njira zopitira kutsogolo nyumba zosungiramo zinthu motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphepo.

Kusintha kwa Florida n’kothandiza kwambiri m’mayiko ena a m’mphepete mwa nyanja, koma anthu ena amanena kuti ngati simukutulutsa mpweya wochuluka, kumangosintha kokhako sikungakwanire.

Texas: Boma la Lone Star Likuchuluka Kosayembekezereka

Texas ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mafakitale ake a mafuta ndi gasi, komanso ndi imene imatsogolera dziko lonse pa zamagetsi oyendera mphepo ndiponso kuchuluka kwa dzuwa.

  • Mphamvu ya magetsi: [1] Texas iri ndi magigawt oposa 40 a mphepo yoikidwa, kuposa boma lina lililonse. Makampani a boma a Compitive Rewitive Reewide Energy Zone (CREZ) opangidwa pakati pa 2008 ndi 2014, anali kampani youlutsira mphepo yaikulu yomwe ikhoza kuulutsa mphepo ku West Texas.
  • [[FLT : 0] Kuwonjezeka kwa dzuŵa : [[FLT :1] ku Texas kwawonjezereka m'zaka zaposachedwapa, kochititsidwa ndi mtengo wa mabungwe ndi grid yadziko yadziimira (ERCOT). Mu 2023, dzuŵa limakhala ndi 8% ya kusakaniza mphamvu za ERCOT, ndipo mphamvu imayembekezeredwa kuwirikiza kaŵiri pofika 2027.
  • Mantha ndi GRID Relication : [FLT:] Mkuntho wa m'chisanu umene unachititsa kuwala kofalikira kokhala ndi maluŵa anagogomezera kuthekera kwa grid ku nyengo yowopsa. Poyankha, Texas Legislature inapereka masinthidwe ofuna kusintha kwa mafakitale a mphamvu ndi kuyembekezera bwino. Kusintha kwa nyengo tsopano ndiko mbali yaikulu ya kulinganiza madzoma.
  • . Komiti ya Boma ya Desikitile-Democratic: Mosasamala kanthu za kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu yowonjezereka, Texas alibe zonulirapo za mpweya wotenthetsa dziko ndi utsogoleri wake zikupitirizabe kuchirikiza mafuta a pansi pa nthaka. Komabe, mizinda monga Houston, Austin, ndi Dallas atengera makonzedwe apadera a nyengo, ndi makampani ambiri (kuphatikizapo maatomu a mafuta) akhazikitsa zifuno za thanga za zera kwa ntchito zawo.

Texas imasonyeza kuti mphamvu za msika zingachepetse kutulutsa kwakukulu ngakhale pa kusoŵeka kwa malamulo amphamvu a boma. Komabe, kusalinganiza kogwirizana ndi kupitirizabe kwa boma kudalira pa mpweya wachilengedwe kumagogomezera kupsinjika kokhala m'zachuma za chuma chodalira pa zinthu zakufa zakufa.

Mapeto ake: Zimene Boma Limachita

Zitsanzo zimene zili pamwambazi zikusonyeza kuti maboma a boma sakudikira malamulo a boma kuti achitepo kanthu pa kusintha kwa nyengo. Kuchokera ku California, kaputeni ndi trade mpaka ku Washington ku projekiti ya carbon primes yamphamvu ya Washington, kuchokera ku kusinthira kwa kubwerera ku maluso a mphepo ya kugombe ku Massachusetts, maboma akutsimikizira kuti kachitidwe ka mphepo sikatheka kokha komanso kaphindu ka chuma. Malamulo ameneŵa akulenga ntchito zamphamvu zoyera, kupulumutsa ndalama za ogula pa ma magetsi, ndi kuchepetsa kuipitsa mpweya kumene kumayambukira kwambiri mitundu ya mawonekedwe.

Komabe njira ya kutsogolo siili yopanda zopinga. Kusintha kwandale zadziko, kubwerera mmbuyo pa zikondwerero zoikidwa, ndi kusandulika kofunikira kumatanthauza kuti kupita patsogolo kaŵirikaŵiri kuli kosagwirizana. Maboma onga Florida ndi Texas amasonyeza kuti kuthekera kwa ziyambukiro kungasonkhezere kusinthira ngakhale pamene malamulo a kuchepetsako a boma alephera. Panthaŵi ino, chipambano cha malamulo a boma kaŵirikaŵiri chimadalira pa malo abwino a boma osinthasintha a kayendetsedwe ka zinthu.

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukulirakulira. Pamene mphepo yamkuntho ikuwonjezeka, nyengo zamvula zotalika, chilala chachikulu, ndi kusefukira kwa madzi . Kusintha kwa dziko kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri. Maboma ambiri atsimikizira kale kuti zolinga za nyengo ndizotheka ndipo nzotchuka. Zaka khumi zotsatirazi zidzatsimikizira ngati zoyesayesa zimenezi zingapititsidwe mwamsanga kuti zithe kuthana ndi vutoli. Potsirizira pake, kukhoza kwa United States kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo kudzadalira kwambiri pa kusintha kopitirizabe, kulimbikira, ndi kugwirizana kwa maboma ake.