Maboma Monga Opanga Maphunziro ndi Thanzi: Kuipa Kozama

Maboma ali omanga mautumiki aakulu a anthu onse aŵiri ofunika kwambiri: maphunziro ndi chisamaliro cha zaumoyo. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a boma amapereka madongosolo aakulu, ndi pamlingo wa boma pamene labala limakumana ndi njira yalamulo / mwa ntchito za boma, kugawidwa kwa ma bajeti, ndi kugawidwa kwa malamulo. Zosankha zimenezi zimaumba mwachindunji zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za anthu mamiliyoni ambiri okhala m’dzikolo, zikumakhudza chilichonse kuyambira pa sukulu yapambuyo pa sukulu mpaka pa kupezeka kwa chipatala. Kupenda kumeneku kumasonyeza madongosolo enieni, zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko, ndi zovuta zimene zikupitirizabe zimene zimalongosola mmene maboma amapangira mbali zofufuza zimenezi.

Mphamvu ya maboma m’mabwalo ameneŵa yazikidwa pa Tenth Amendment, imene mphamvu zosungira sizimaperekedwa ku boma la boma ku maboma. Zimenezi zachititsa njira zosiyanasiyana, kulola kukonza zinthu zatsopano ndi zolinganiza komanso kuyambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu imeneyi n’kofunika kwa aliyense woloŵetsedwamo m’kachitidwe ka malamulo, kuyang’anira, kapena kungofuna kuyendetsa bwino madongosolo ameneŵa.

Maphunziro: Wotsogolera M’boma wa Mwaŵi

Maphunziro ndi malo amene ulamuliro wa boma umadziwika kwambiri. Mayiko amakhazikitsa mfundo zamaphunziro, aphunzitsi a laisensi, zigawo za masukulu, ndi kuweruza. Boma la boma limapereka ndalama pafupifupi 10% ya K-12, koma 90 peresenti yotsalayi imachokera ku boma ndi malo a kumene kuli boma, ndipo limapatsa makhoma a boma mphamvu zambiri pa kugaŵira katundu ndi kudyetsa bwino.

Kupeza Ndalama Zothandiza Kuthetsa Vuto

Chimodzi cha ziŵiya za boma zokhala ndi zotsatirapo zambiri ndizo njira ya kuthandizira sukulu. Mmene boma limaperekera ndalama ku magawo a sukulu. Ophunzira Achingelezi, ndi achinyamata ochirikiza. Njira imeneyi inali kuwonjezera mafilimu akale otchuka, polinganiza kuwonjezera kuseŵera. A 201 anafufuza ndi Learning Policy Institute anapeza kuti LCFF inachititsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu m'mapwando a ophunzira otsika kwambiri, Chingelezi ophunzira, ndi achinyamata ochirikiza.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mayiko monga Illinois akhala akulimbana ndi kudalira kwambiri misonkho ya malo, zomwe zachititsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ndalama pakati pa anthu olemera ndi osauka. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri zokambirana ndi kutsutsana, Illinois anapereka umboni wotsimikizira kuti boma lizipereka ndalama zatsopano ku madera amene akufunikira thandizo lalikulu. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti malamulo a za ndalama si kuyang'anira chabe koma ndi makhalidwe abwino ndiponso amathandiza kwambiri pa mpata wofanana.

Miyezo ya Kuphunzira ndi Kuŵerengeredwa

Common Core State Direfes , yotchulidwa m'nkhani yoyamba, imaimira nkhani yochititsa chidwi ya kugwirizana kwa boma ndi kubwezera kwa ndale zadziko. Poyamba inatengedwa ndi maboma oposa 40, miyezo yolinganizidwa kutsimikizira ophunzira omaliza maphunziro a sekondale adakonzeka kaamba ka koleji kapena ntchito. Komabe, pamene kupangidwa kwa maprogramu, chitsutso chandale chinakula, ndipo maboma angapo, kuphatikizapo Indiana ndi Oklahoma, anachotsa kapena kuchotsa miyezoyo ndi masinthidwe awo. . . . . . . . . . , lerolino Massage , monga Massachusetts ndi Virginia amasunga miyezo yolimbanitsa, ya boma, yomwe imakhala ndi madesiti apamwamba kwambiri pa mayeso a dziko, pamene ena asankha mamendipo ongo ofuna mapepala otsa apamwamba.

Miyezo ya kuŵerengera ili mbali ina ya kuswana kwa boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti bungwe la United States la Everse Students Reefives Act (ESA) linapereka kusintha m'kulinganiza njira zoŵerengera sukulu, maboma atsatira njira zosiyana kwambiri. Tennessee, mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cholemera chimene chimagogomezera kwambiri kukula kwa ophunzira, pamene dongosolo la Florida limaika kulemera kwakukulu pa luso lonse. Kusankha kumeneku kumakhudza mmene sukulu zimapendedwa, zimene zimayendetsera, ndi kumene zoyesayesa zowongolera zimayendetsera.

Chosankha cha Sukulu: Boma Linayesa Njira Zosankha Zosiyanasiyana

Maboma ndiwo malaboratori aakulu a malamulo a sukulu. Mwachitsanzo, Florida, ili ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zimene zimasankhidwa kwambiri m'dziko, kuphatikizapo sukulu za malamulo, maprogramu a magnet, ndi programu yaikulu kwambiri ya maphunziro a pasukulu yapawokha (Maliyense a Singlement Schorship). Arizona zapita patsogolo kwambiri mwa kukhazikitsa maphunziro a zamaphunziro padziko lonse Osungiramo Ndalama (ES), zimene zimalola mabanja kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za onse pophunzira sukulu, pophunzitsa zinthu zapakhomo, kapena ndalama zina zothandizira maphunziro. Otsutsa maprogramu a maprogramu a maphunzirowa amalimbikitsa mpikisano ndi mphamvu zaukholo. Otsutsa akuchititsa nkhaŵa za kuŵerengera mlandu, ik, ictive, ndi kuchotsa kwa ziwiro za anthu a m'masukulu a boma. Kufufuza kumeneku kugawa kwa zaka zambiri kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa kuyang'''''kasinthasinthasintha kwa masinthiko.

Kusamalira Zaumoyo: Dziko Lili ngati Mainsurensi, Oyang’anira, ndi Atsogoleri a Zaumoyo wa Anthu Onse

Maboma alinso ndi mphamvu zosamalira thanzi. Amayang'anira misika ya inshuwalansi, amayang'anira madipatimenti a zaumoyo wa anthu onse, ndi akatswiri a zachipatala. Maboma a Afforditable Care ACA amapatsidwa mwadala mwa kuwalola kukonza mapulogalamu awo a kuwonjezera Medicaid ndi kukhazikitsa mainshuwalansi a zaumoyo a boma.

Kukula kwa Amedicaid: Chigawo cha Madera Aŵiri a ku America

Mwinamwake palibe lamulo limodzi losonyeza kugaŵana kwa zaumphaŵi wa boma kukufika moonekera kwambiri kuposa kuwonjezeka kwa Medicaid pansi pa ACA. Pakali pano 2025, pafupifupi maboma makumi anayi ndi Washington D.C. awonjezera kuthekera kwa achikulire okhala ndi ndalama kufikira 138% ya mlingo wa umphaŵi wa boma. Madziko onga Kentucky, amene anakula pansi pa Bwanamkubwa Steve Bessip, anaona kutsika kwa ziŵerengero zosatsutsidwa kuchokera ku 20% mpaka 7%. Kufufuza kotchuka mu New England Journal of Medicine kwasonyeza kuti kuchepa kwakukulu kwa imfa, makamaka achikulire ndi aja okhala ndi mikhalidwe yosachiripo. [FLT:] KFFFS kuwonjezereka kwa zosankha zowonjezereka za kuwonjezereka kwa zigamu za dziko ndi kugaŵikana kwandale.

Mosiyana ndi Texas, Florida, ndi Georgia sanakulitse Medicaid, akumasiya anthu achikulire oposa mamiliyoni aŵiri omwe amalandira ndalama zochepa kwambiri pa malo oyendera [1] Kufunafuna kwambiri njira zamwambo za Medicaid koma kuchepa kwambiri kwa mapulani a misika. Lamulo limeneli lakhala ndi zotsatirapo zachindunji: zipatala m'mayiko osakhala auchikulire, ndipo zipatala za m’midzi zatsekeka kwambiri. Chigamulo cha kufutukuka kapena kusakula ndi chigamulo chachikulu cha boma la za zaumoyo chikhoza kupanga.

Kulamulira Inshuwalansi ndi Telehealth

Maboma amatumikiranso monga mabungwe aakulu a makampani a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo. Amakhazikitsa miyezo ya makampani a zaumoyo, kupenda ziŵerengero zowonjezereka, ndi kusungitsa chitetezo cha ogula. Mkati mwa mliri wa CHOVAD-19, maboma ambiri, kuphatikizapo Texas ndi New York, adakhazikitsa malamulo amwadzidzidzi owonjezera mautumiki a telehealth, kulola odwala kufunsira kwa madokotala kutali. Malamulo a kanthaŵi kochepa ameneŵa apangidwa kukhala okhalitsa m'mayiko ambiri, ndi malire osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Verlont tsopano amalamula kuti mapulani a inshuwalansi a inshuwalansi afunsi a malingana ndi maulendo a pa makampani a pafoni, pamene kulibe ena akukhala ndi malamulo operewera. [FLD:0] National Convince of State of Stains proces [FF1]

Nkhondo za Umoyo wa Onse ndi Vuto la Mafuta

Ndemanga zaumoyo wa anthu onse zoyendetsedwa ndi boma zatsimikizira kukhala zothandiza kusintha khalidwe. Ndawala yolimbana ndi kusuta fodya ya California, yomwe imaphatikizana manyukiliya otchuka ndi misonkho ya boma ya fodya ndi malamulo autsi a ntchito, zakhala zikuchepetsetsa kusuta kwa achikulire kutsika pakati pa dziko. Mofananamo, mayiko onga North Carolina achita upainiya woletsa kusuta, monga kugaŵira naloxone ndi kukhazikitsa maprogramu ochirikiza ausinkhu wao. Boma alinso pa mizera yapatsogolo yovomereza ziwopsezo zonga mliritsira kutumiza kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (PDMPS) ndi malamulo abwino a Chisamariya amene pambuyo pake amavomerezedwa ndi maboma ena kapena kulimbikitsidwa ndi boma.

Mavuto Opitirizabe M’mabwalo Onse Aŵiri

Ngakhale kuti zipambano zodziŵika, maboma akulimbana ndi mavuto aakulu. Kupereka ndalama zotsala sikunachoke kwambiri. M’maphunziro, kudalira misonkho ya katundu ya kumaloko kumatanthauza kuti tauni ya olemera ingawonongere ndalama zambiri pa ophunzira kuposa chigawo cha kumidzi chaumphaŵi, ngakhale m’chigawo chimodzimodzicho. Lipoti la 2022 kuchokera ku Education Trust linapeza kuti madera apamwamba kwambiri m’mayiko monga New York ndi Pennsylvania amalandira boma ndi ndalama zakomweko zochepa kwambiri kuposa zigawo zaumphaŵi, ngakhale kuti ali ndi zosoŵa zambiri.

Pa zaumoyo, chiŵerengero chosapimidwa chimakhala chokwera mopambanitsa m'maboma osawonjezera. Ngakhale m’maiko ofutukuka, kukhoza kumakhalabe kovuta, ndi zopinga zambiri ndi kutaya ndalama zopinga kufooketsa anthu kufunafuna chisamaliro. Commonwealth Fund ya pachaka ya dongosolo la zaumoyo ya boma imasonyeza kusintha kwakukulu m’milingo, kuchokera ku imfa za mwamsanga ku kupeŵetsa zipatala zokhoza kusungidwa.

Kugaŵanika kwa malamulo ndi chinthu china. Kuphunzitsa kwa wophunzira kungasiyane kwambiri malinga ndi ngati amakhala ku Massachusetts (miyezo yapamwamba ya ndalama, ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama) kapena Mississippi (miyezo yapamwamba, kusapereka ndalama zambiri). Mofananamo, munthu amene ali ndi matenda aakulu ku California amatha kupita ku msika wa boma, Medicaid , ndi chitetezo champhamvu cha ogula, pamene kuli kwakuti mnzake wa ku Alabama amapanga zosankha zochepa. Ntchito imeneyi imayambitsa mapangano amene ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi dongosolo la boma la dziko.

Kutsutsa ndale zadziko ndi njira yopanga ziwonjezeko zimafooketsanso kupita patsogolo kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kusintha maphunziro kaŵirikaŵiri kumasinthidwa pamene akazembe atsopano kapena makhomageti a boma ayamba ntchito. Lamulo la zaumoyo limakhala lofanana ndi kusinthasintha kwa anthu, monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi nkhondo zopitirizabe za ntchito za Medicaid ndi ndalama zothandizira kulinganiza banja. Kukhazikika ndi kudzipereka kopitirizabe kumaperekedwa kaŵirikaŵiri paguwa la masankhoti.

Kufufuza za Makhoti: Kusonyeza Kuyambukira kwa Boma

Prev ya Tennessee Yowongolera Kuŵerenga

Tennessee ino ikufuna kuti sukulu zizigwiritsa ntchito malangizo ogwirizana ndi sayansi yoŵerenga, imapereka chitsanzo cholimbikitsa cha kusintha kwa boma. Pozindikira kuti pa ophunzira atatu okha amene anali kuŵerenga m’makalasi, boma linaposa Tennessee Pasbyle Melinication Memory Act Act mu 2021. Lamuloli limafuna kuti sukulu zizigwiritsa ntchito malangizo ogwirizana ndi sayansi yoŵerenga, imapereka maphunziro apamwamba a aphunzitsi, ndi makompyuta onse a K-3 omwe amaphunzira kusoŵa kuŵerenga. Zotsatira zake zoyambirira n’zotsimikizirika: Boma linasimba phindu lalikulu la zaka zitatu zoŵerenga zapamwamba za kupambana kwa zaka za kuŵerenga kwa zaka zoposa khumi mu 2023. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza mmene maluso a boma a kagwirizanitsidwe ka ntchito kothandiza kuwerenga, kupereka ndalama, ndi luso la zaukatswiri.

Kuthandiza Chipatala ku Colorado

Pa zaumoyo, Colorado wachita mbali yaikulu posamalira ndalama zachipatala. Poyang'anizana ndi mitengo ina yapamwamba ya chipatala m'dzikolo, bungwe la Colorado linapambana chipatala cha Transparency ndi Fairness Act mu 2021, chimene chikufuna zipatala kuti ziulule za maluso a odwala pamlingo wina wa ndalama. Bomalo linakhazikitsanso programu yachipatala ya boma yopereka ndalama zofanana kuti awonjezere Medicaid pamene akuthandiza kusungitsa zipatala za ukonde. Njira ziŵirizi zathandiza Colorado kufutukula kupitirira 95% ya anthu a m’dziko pamene akuyamba kukonza mlingo. Nkhani imeneyi ikusonyeza mmene boma lingachitire zonse ziŵiri zoloŵa ndi kukhoza ndi kuyendetsa ndalama kupyolera ndi malamulo othandizira.

Kukula kwa Telehealth ya ku West Virginia Kaamba ka Kugwiritsira Ntchito Movutikira

West Virginia, yomwe inakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliri wa opioid , kachitidwe kothandiza boma kufutukula telehealth kuti apeze mankhwala omwerekera. Mu 2020, bungwe la boma linapanga mankhwala oletsa ambiri oreoid omwe amalola mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulembedwa kudzera m'malehealth, kuchotsa zofunika za maulendo a a apereson. Malamulowa, kuphatikizapo ndalama zowonjezereka zothandizira kukonzanso, anathandiza kuchepetsa vuto limene linali likupita patsogolo. Mwa kugwirizanitsa luso la zopanga ndi kukonzanso zinthu za boma, West Virginia inawongoleheath kulowa m'malo osungira moyo m'dziko kumene anthu ambiri amakhala kutali ndi malo ochiritsira.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kubwezeretsedwa pa Ulamuliro wa Boma

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, maboma a boma mwachiwonekere adzapitirizabe kutumikira monga malaboratori aakulu kaamba ka kuyambitsidwa kwa zinthu. Chigogomezero chomakula pa equity chikuumba malamulo atsopano: akumati mofanana ndi New Mexico yakhazikitsa ndalama za maphunziro a ubwana, pamene Oregon wafufuza poyera zitsanzo za zaumoyo wapadziko lonse zochirikizidwa mwa njira ya kachitidwe ka chisamaliro kogwirizana.

Kugwirizana kwa tekinoloji kudzakula. M'maphunziro, maboma akuika ndalama pa Intaneti yapamwamba ya masukulu akumidzi, mapulatifomu a maphunziro aumwini, ndi madongosolo a chidziŵitso amene amatsata ophunzira kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kusamalira thanzi, kusintha kwa zaumoyo kwa boma kukukula, kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi dongosolo labwino la chisamaliro. Mayiko onga California akugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopeka pogwiritsira ntchito njira zapamwamba za kayendetsedwe ka mamedicaid, pamene ena akuyendetsa maprogramu a kuyang'anira odwala matenda osachiritsika.

Bungwe la National Gurners Association ndi mabungwe ena a mayiko osiyanasiyana amathandiza kuti anthu azichita zinthu zabwino kwambiri. Mabungwe a zamaphunziro a zankhondo ndiponso a zachipatala ayamba kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala ndipo atha kukhala zitsanzo za kugwirizana kwakukulu pankhani monga kufunsira ndi kugawana zinthu.

Pomalizira pake, nkhani ya boma la zamaphunziro ndi zaumoyo ndi chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zazikulu ndi kupsinjika kopitirizabe. Maboma ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu yopezera mwaŵi kapena kusungitsa kusalingana. Zitsanzo zenizeni za dziko zofufuzidwa pano zimasonyeza kuti pamene atsogoleri a boma adzipereka ku maziko a umboni, kulinganiza kosalakwika, malamulo opitirizidwa, kupita patsogolo kosakhoza kutha. Komabe mavuto a ndalama, ndale, ndi kugaŵanika adakali owopsa. Monga nzika, opanga malamulo, ndi ochirikiza, kuzindikira mphamvu za boma zimenezi nkofunika kuyendetsa mbadwo wa masinthidwe amene adzasintha miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.