Kumvetsetsa Zothetsera Mikangano m’Ntchito Yalamulo

Mapangano ndi mbali yosapeŵeka ya kugwirizana kwa anthu, kuyambitsa ubale wa munthu ndi anthu, malonda, ntchito, ndi nkhani za anthu. Malamulo amapereka njira zothetsera mikangano imeneyi, ndi kutumiza ndi kuimira monga njira ziwiri zazikulu. Njira iliyonse imapereka njira zosiyanasiyana, ndalama, nthawi, ndi zotsatirapo. Kusankha njira yolondola kumafuna kumvetsa bwino mmene amagwirira ntchito, pamene ali oyenera, ndi zimene zikufuna kuchokera ku magulu oloŵetsedwamo. Nkhaniyi imapereka kuyerekezera kolimba kwa njirazo, kuyang'anira njira zawo, mapindu awo, ndi zikalata zothandiza kupanga zosankha zothandiza kudziŵa bwino.

Kodi Kukambitsirana Nchiyani?

Kulankhula kuli njira yaufulu, yachinsinsi imene mkhalapakati wa mbali yachitatu . "mkhalapakati" ndi wotsutsana m'kulankhulana, kukambitsirana, ndipo potsirizira pake kufikira pangano lovomerezeka. Mosiyana ndi woweruza kapena wotsogolera, nkhoswe samakhazikitsa chosankha. Mmalomwake, nkhoswe imatheketsa kukambitsirana, kufotokoza nkhani, ndi kuthandiza kupeza njira zothetsera zimene zimakhutiritsa zoloŵetsedwamo. Kulankhulana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malamulo a banja, mikangano ya bizinesi, mikangano yapakhomo, ndiponso ngakhale nkhani zina zaupandu (zonga ngati chidani cha chiyanjanitso).

Zomwe Zimayambitsa Nkhani

  • Kutengamo mbali : Magulu onse ayenera kuvomereza kuloŵa m'nkhani ndipo angachoke panthaŵi iriyonse. Palibe amene amakakamizidwa kukhazikika.
  • Kudziwitsa: Kukambitsirana, zopereka, ndi ndemanga zopangidwa mkati mwa kuvomereza kaŵirikaŵiri sizimavomerezedwa m’khoti, kuchirikiza kulankhulana komasuka ndi kowona mtima.
  • Kulamulira Koposa Kotsatira: [[FL:1] Magawo, osati nkhoswe, amasankha mayanjano alionse. Mkhalapakati sangakakamize chimvano.
  • [[MML:0] Njira yosintha ndi yosinthika: Magawo oulutsira zinthu amachitidwa mwamseri, kaŵirikaŵiri kuzungulira tebulo mmalo mwa bwalo lamilandu. Mapulogalamu angagwirizane ndi mkangano wotsimikizirika.
  • [[FLT :0] Non-Adversarial Approach : Mawu ake azikidwa pa kugwirizana ndi kuthetsa vuto, osati pa kupambana kapena kulephera.

Mmene Kuulutsana Kumagwirira Ntchito

Njira yolankhulirana imatsatira kwambiri njira zolinganizidwa. Choyamba, nkhoswe imapanga mawu otsegulira ofotokoza njira ndi malamulo a maziko. Ndiyeno aliyense akupereka lingaliro lake losasokonezeka. Mkhalapakati angakumane ndi mbali zonse ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana kufufuza zinthu. Atazindikira malo amodzi ndi njira zothekera, nkhosweyo imatsogolera maguluwo kupanga pangano la malo. Ngati pangano lafikiridwa, limalembedwa ndi kusainidwa; lingagwirizanitse ngati maguluwo asankha. Ngati chigwirizanocho sichifikiridwe, mkanganowo ungapitirize kulongosola za pangano la malo kapena njira zina.

Njira Zofala Zopezera Chidziŵitso

  • Kugwirizanitsa: Mkhalapakati amasumika pa kulankhulana ndi kukambitsirana popanda kupereka malingaliro kapena zifuno.
  • Kusintha: Mkhalapakati angaone nyonga ndi zofooka za mbali iliyonse ndi kutchula zotulukapo zothekera, zofanana ndi msonkhano wa anthu.
  • Kusintha: Cholinga ndicho kupatsa mphamvu mapwando ndi kuwongolera unansi wawo, kaŵirikaŵiri wogwiritsiridwa ntchito m’mikangano yaumwini.
  • Narrative tradition : Mkhalapakati amathandiza kukonzanso nkhani ya mkangano kufukula ziŵiya zatsopano za kugamulapo.

Kodi Kulankhulana N’kutani?

Kuimba mlandu ndi njira yamwambo yothetsera mkangano m’khoti. Kumaphatikizapo kulembetsa mlandu, kupatsana umboni (kuulula), ndi kupereka mikangano pamaso pa woweruza kapena juli, amene kenaka amapereka chigamulo chokakamiza. Kulankhula ndi malamulo okhwima (monga Federal Magest of Civil Procedure) ndi miyezo yachiwonekere. Ndi njira yosaiŵalika pamene njira zina zilephera kapena pamene njira yolamulira kapena mankhwala alamulo afunikira.

Zizindikiro za Kupeka

  • Formal ndi Actarial : Litigs imatsatira njira zokhwima, ndipo magawo ndi otsutsa. Khoti limalamulira nthaŵi ndi ntchito.
  • Chikalata cha Public: Mapepala a khoti, milandu, ndi kuzenga milandu kaŵirikaŵiri zimatseguka kwa anthu, pokhapo ngati asindikizidwa chisindikizo pa zifukwa zenizeni.
  • Cosankha: Woweruza kapena juli akupereka chiweruzo chomaliza chimene chili chovomerezeka mwalamulo. Zipilo zingakhalepo.
  • [[MLT:0] Kuimira kwa lamulo Kufunidwa: Pamene mapwando angadziimire okha (pro se), kucholoŵana kwa kulembedwa kungafunikire maloya ozoloŵera nthaŵi zonse.
  • Livings imakwera mtengo ndipo imachedwa, ndi nkhani zotenga miyezi kapena zaka kuti zithetse.

Misika ya Kufalitsa

Kudziwitsa kumayamba ndi kutsogolera. Kumene kumayambitsa kudandaula ndi kuyankha kwa woimbidwa mlandu. Chotsatira chimabwera [, kusinthana kwa zolembedwa, kufunsa, ndi kupempha kuti avomereze. Atatulukira, zigawo zimafafaniza [[FLT: 4.] [makalata] (eg., kuyendayenda kwa chigamulo). Ngati nkhaniyo siichotsedwa kapena kuthetsedwa, imayambira [FLT:]ctumtion , [FTC], pamene chigamu chaperekedwa. [FT:], ndipo chigamu chaperekedwa. [PT]

Pamene Kulankhulana Kwakhala Kofala

  • Kudzivulaza kofuna zivulazo
  • Mkangano wa malonda wokhudza ndalama zambiri
  • Milandu ya malamulo a m’banja kumene kutsutsidwa za chisungiko kapena kusunga ana
  • Zimene kalasi likuchita ndiponso milandu yokhudza malamulo
  • Nkhani za ufulu wachibadwidwe kapena za malamulo

Kuyerekezera:

Ngakhale kuti zonse ziŵiri, kukambitsirana ndi kukambirana zikufuna kuthetsa mikangano, izo zimasiyana kwambiri m’nthanthi, njira, ndi zotsatirapo. Kusankha kwa iwo kungayambukire kwambiri ndalama, malingaliro, ndi ubwino wa ubwenzi wa anthu.

Kuyerekezera Kotayitsa

Kutumiza zinthu kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kuŵerengera. Maguluwo amagaŵana ndalama za nkhoswe, zimene zimasiyanasiyana ndi ukatswiri ndi malo koma kaŵirikaŵiri zimachokera pa $200 mpaka $500 pa ola limodzi. Manyuzipepala ambiri amamaliza pambali imodzi mpaka zitatu. Kupeputsa kumaphatikiza ndalama zoyendetsera khoti, mayeso a loya (kaŵiri $3000,000 pa ola limodzi), mboni za akatswiri, ndalama zosungidwa, ndi kuyesa kothekera. Nkhani ya ligigayo ingawonongere mosavuta makumi kapena mazana ambiri a madola, makamaka ngati ipita ku mlandu. Malinga ndi American Bar Association, manyuzipepala a nyuzipepala a ndalama zoulutsira nkhani ya anthu angagule $600,000 pa ola limodzi.

Kupeza Nthaŵi Yokwanira

Kukonza zinthu kungakonzeke m'masabata angapo ndi kuthetsedwa m'maola angapo kapena masiku angapo. Nthaŵi imayendera limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa zigaŵenga ndi kuvuta kwa nkhanizo. Koma, kulira kwa khoti kumayenda mofulumira. Kuyambira kukonza mpaka kuzengedwa mlandu, mlandu wa boma kaŵirikaŵiri umatenga miyezi 12 mpaka 24, ndipo kuchonderera kungawonjezere zaka. Mabungwe a bwalo lamilandu amadzazana, ndipo zofunika za masamu zimachedwetsa. Magulu ofuna chigamulo mofulumira, nthaŵi zambiri amafulumira.

Muzilamulira ndi Kuchotsa Zotsatira Zake

Pankhani za kutumiza mauthenga, mamembalawo amalamulira zotsatirapo. Iwo angapange njira zimene khoti silingalamulire, monga kupepesa, kukonza zolipirira, kapena makonzedwe a bizinesi a m’tsogolo. Ngati sangagwirizane, mkanganowo sutha, koma sataya ufulu. M'kulephera, chosankha chimaikidwa ndi mbali yachitatu. Chotsatirapo nchachiwiri (kutseka) ndipo sichingaperekere zofunidwa. Woweruza sangalamulire maguluwo kuti agwirizane kapena kupanga njira yamwambo yothetsera mavuto.

Kubisa Chinsinsi

Kulengeza ndi chinsinsi mwalamulo m'mayiko ambiri (m., pansi pa Exct Mediation Act). Ndemanga zopangidwa pa kuperekedwa kwa milandu sizingagwiritsiridwe ntchito monga umboni m'khoti ngati nkhaniyo ipitiriza. Izi zimalimbikitsa kusabisa mawu. Mawu a m'makhoti ndi njira yovomerezeka kwa anthu. Makalata a khoti ndi opezeka kwa anthu onse ndi a m'zoulutsira nkhani, zimene zingawonongetse ziganitsa anthu okhudzidwa ndi mbiri yabwino kapena zinsinsi za malonda. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani zina za m'nkhanizo zaikidwa chizindikiro, zimavomereza kuti anthu onse afike.

Chiyambukiro pa Maunansi

Kulengeza kumakonzedwa kuti kuchepetse udani ndi kuteteza kapena kuwongolera maunansi. Chifukwa chakuti ntchitoyi ndi yogwirizana ndi yaulemu, maphwandowo amasiya ndi kulankhulana ndi kumvetsa bwino. Zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri makamaka m’mikangano ya m’banja, kugwirizana kwa mabizinesi kopitirizabe, kapena mikangano ya anansi. Kulankhulana, mosiyana, ndi kutsutsana; kumayambitsa mikangano, kaŵirikaŵiri kumakulitsa udani. Kufufuza ndi kutulukira njira zamphamvu kungawononge maunansi amene angawonongeke.

Kukakamiza Zotulukapo

Chipangano cha kukhazikitsa chigamulo ndi pangano. Ngati chipani china chaswa, mbali ina iyenera kupita ku khoti kukauchirikiza. Komabe, maulamuliro ambiri amalola mapangano kukhala otsatizana monga zigamulo zovomerezeka, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka. Kupereka chilango kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo za chiweruzo chimene chimasungidwa mwamsanga mwa njira zonga kuwonongeka kwa malipiro, katundu, kapena kugwidwa ndi chuma.

Nthaŵi Yosankha Zokambirana

Kuulutsa nkhani kaŵirikaŵiri kuli sitepe loyamba labwino koposa, ngakhale pamene mapwando akukhulupirira kuti sakugwirizana.

  • Kusungidwa kwa magetsi nkofunika: nkhani za banja, kulerana, mabizinesi, kapena ogulitsa anthaŵi yaitali.
  • Mabungwe amafuna chigamulo chaumwini: Kupeŵa kuyang’anitsitsa kwa anthu kapena kutetezera chinsinsi.
  • Zotsatirapo zotsimikizirika nzimene zikufunidwa: Machiritso a khoti sangakhale ogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe (m' lekuatiso, malo olinganizidwa, mawu osakhala a m'malere).
  • Zopinga za mtima kapena za kulankhulana zilipo: [ Mkhalapakati angathandize kuchepetsa mavuto ndi kuwongolera kukambitsirana.
  • Nthaŵi ndi nkhaŵa zazikulu: Kuulutsa kumafulumira kwambiri ndipo kumatsika mtengo.
  • [[A.0] Magulu onse aŵiri ali ofunitsitsa kukambitsirana ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino: ngakhale ngati ayamba kutali, kuvomerezana kungapeze chifukwa chogwirizana.

Pamene Mungasankhe Kumva Zachilendo

Ngakhale kuti kukambiranako kumathandiza, pamafunika kuvomerezana kapena kusankhidwa pa zinthu zina:

  • Wina amakana kutengamo mbali kapena kukambirana: Kuyankha kumafuna kugawana modzifunira; ngati munthu ali wosagwirizanika, kuvomereza ndiko chosankha chokha.
  • Chitsanzo cha lamulo kapena kumasulira nkofunika: Milandu yoloŵetsamo nkhani zatsopano za lamulo, mafunso alamulo, kapena kufunika kwa kulongosola lamulo.
  • kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu nkopambanitsa: m'zochitika za chiwawa chapanyumba, chinyengo, kapena kukakamiza, kuulutsa kungakhale kosayenera chifukwa chakuti chipani chofooka sichingakambirane mwaufulu.
  • [[Nthaŵi:0] Thandizo lopinga kapena lamwadzidzidzi nlofunika: Khoti lokha lingapereke lamulo loletsa kwakanthaŵi kapena lamulo loyambirira.
  • Wina amafuna chilango kapena kupezedwa kwa cholakwa: Kubwezera sikungaike mlandu; kokha khoti lingatero.
  • Mkanganowo umaphatikizapo dongosolo locholoŵana la lamulo: Mwachitsanzo, otsutsa kudalirana, anthu a nzeru, kapena zochita za kalasi zingafunikire kupezedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusanthula kwa lamulo.

Njira Zoyendera Zaukhondo Komanso Zosiyanasiyana

M’zochitika, kuvomerezana ndi kukambirana si nkhani zosiyana. Makhoti ambiri amafuna kuti anthu ayese kukambirana asanaikidwe mlandu (udindo woperekedwa ndi ounika). Njira zina zalamulo zimaphatikizapo kulamula kuti asunge ufulu wawo panthaŵi imodzi pofunafuna manyuzi. Ngati nkhani za nyuzi zikulephera, mlanduwu ukupitirira. Kukambirana kumeneku kumapatsa anthu a mitundu iwiriyo mwayi wokambirana popanda kuweruza mlandu. Mtundu wina ndi wokhudza ufulu wa anthu. [FLT: 0] kuweruza [[FLT: 1], kumene kuli ngati kuzenga mlandu ndi chigamulo, koma ndi kumbali kwa nkhani imeneyi. Pakuti pa chigamulo china, onani [FT:] Chigamu cha Boma .[FT]

Zoyenera Kulingalira Posankha Njira

Maholide ayenera kupenda mfundo zotsatirazi asanasankhe zotsatirazi:

Mmene Nkhaniyi Ilili

Ngati nkhani yaikulu ya ndalama, ufulu, kapena maunansi ndi yoswa lamulo kapena kuswa pangano pamene zivulazo ziri zowonekera bwino, kutsutsa kungakhale komveka.

Mapwando Ofunitsitsa Kudziyerekezera

Ngati munthu wina ali wobwezera, wosaganiza bwino, kapena wosafuna kulolera molakwa, kukambirana kungalephere.

Ndalama

Litigation is expensive. Parties with limited resources may find mediation the only viable option. Even if mediation fails, the attempt is often far cheaper than going to trial.

Zimene Anthu Amalakalaka

Tangolingalirani mmene “win” imaonekera. Kodi ndiyo malipiro a ndalama, kupepesa, kusintha kwa khalidwe, kapena kulengeza zoyenera? Mediation ikhoza kupereka mankhwala opangira zinthu; statigation imapereka mankhwala alamulo monga momwe amafotokozera lamulo.

Zonulirapo Zaubwenzi Zanthaŵi Yaitali

Kwa mabizinesi opitirizabe, makonzedwe a kulera pamodzi, kapena maunansi a banja, pafupifupi nthaŵi zonse ali abwino. Kulankhulana kungasokoneze kapena kutsekereza ubale.

Ntchito ya Ntchentche

Pankhani youlutsa nkhani, maloya angapereke uphungu kwa ogula zinthu panthaŵi ya ntchitoyo, koma samalankhula kwenikweni; mamembalawo amalankhula mwachindunji. M'kupeka, maloya ali ofunika kutsata malamulo a pulogalamu, kukonza zinthu, ndi kupereka umboni. Ngakhale m'zoulutsira mawu, kufunsa loya pasadakhale kuti amvetsetse zoyenera zanu ndi zosankha zalamulo n’kwanzeru. Kulimbana kovuta, kupanga loya wokonza pangano la malowo kutsimikizira kuti zitheke.

Malangizo Othandiza Posankha Zolembapo

  • Kutsimikizira kuti onse aŵiriwo auzidwa ndipo akudziŵa bwino mmene akuchitira.
  • Sankhani nkhoswe yokhala ndi luso lotha kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo (m’chitsanzo, banja, bizinesi, malo).
  • Muzikonzekera mwa kutchula zinthu zimene mumakonda, osati malo okha.
  • Khalanibe ndi maganizo otseguka; cholinga ndicho kutsimikiza mtima, osati kupambana.
  • Ngati pangano lafikiridwa, lipendeni mwa uphungu wodziimira.

Malangizo Othandiza Posankha Mawu Odzionetsera

  • Uphungu wa Retain woperekedwa mwamsanga; kupenda nkhani mwamsanga kukhoza kusunga ndalama.
  • Musamawononge mwamsanga zinthu zonse zimene mwalemba komanso umboni wotsimikizira kuti muli ndi vuto.
  • Muzikonzekera kupanikizika ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu.
  • Talingalirani za kupenda kokwera mtengo: ngakhale mutapambana, kodi chiweruzocho chingakhale choyenera?
  • Kupitira kumudzi pamene mukukambitsirana; milandu yambiri imakhazikika asanazengedwe mlandu.

Ntchito Zopanga Mafulemu Zochirikiza Kukonzanso Malamulo

Maboma ambiri ali ndi malamulo olimbikitsa kuvomereza, monga ngati UNES Mediation Act (wotchulidwa m'maiko ambiri). Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna zigamulo kuti zipereke mlandu, makamaka m'banja ndi m'nkhani zachiŵeni. Mabungwe a Federal onga ngati Ault Obrough Obrounction Commission (EOC) amapereka maprogramu othandizira kukhazikitsa. Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka, onani American Arbitation Association ndi National Medication Board [FLT:].

Mtsogolo mwa Kuthetsa Mikangano

Chikhoterero cha lamulo nchofulumira ndi chogwira ntchito. Online addition platifomu (ODR) ikukula, kupangitsa kuvomereza kufalikira kowonjezereka. Makhoti akugwiritsira ntchito mowonjezereka “nyumba za khoti za m'nyumba zamilandu” zimene zimapereka njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira chigamulo. Pamene kukwera kwa malamulo, mabizinesi ambiri ndi anthu ena ambiri akutembenukira ku ku kukhazikitsa njira yopezera njira yopezera chithandizo. Komabe, kuvomereza kudzakhala ndi malo a milandu yofuna kuyankha mlandu wa onse, kumveka bwino kwalamulo, kapena kukhazikitsa lamulo.

Kumaliza

Kutumiza ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo kumathandiza kuti pakhale zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri njira yothetsera mikangano imathandiza, imathandiza, ndiponso njira yaumwini yothetsera mikangano. Litigiga imapereka njira yovomerezeka, yogwirizana, ndi yovomerezeka pamene njira zina zalephera kapena ngati ufulu walamulo wafuna kulemekezedwa. Njira yabwino kwambiri imadalira pa mikhalidwe ya mkangano uliwonse. Nthaŵi zambiri, kuyesa kukhazikitsa mfundo zachinsinsi choyamba ndi njira yanzeru, ndi kuipereka mosungidwa monga chinthu chofunika. Mwa kuzindikira mphamvu ndi malire a njira iliyonse, mabungwe angapange zosankha zoyenerera mogwirizana ndi zolinga zawo, chuma, ndi makhalidwe awo.

kaamba ka kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, fufuzani ku Department of Justice U.S.] chitsogozo cha ku chigamulo china cha mkangano, kapena chezerani insaikulopediya yalamulo [[[FLT:] kaamba ka tsatanetsatane wowonjezereka.