Kusintha kwa mlingo wa zinthu zachilengedwe za India kwasintha kwambiri zaka khumi zapitazo, kuchokera ku chuma chokhala ndi ndalama zambiri kukhala chimodzi cha malo apamwamba kwambiri a zachuma padziko lonse. Kuyamba kwa makampani opanga ndalama zoikizira zinthu zachilengedwe mu 2016 kwatumikira monga chothandizira, koma kukula kopitirizabe kwachitika ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za boma zopangira njira zopangira zinthu, kuwonjezera luso la za ndalama, kuwonjezera kudalira ndalama, ndi kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zikusungidwa bwino. Lerolino, ndalama za makono, ndalama za makono sizikugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mu India , kuchokera ku ogulitsa malonda a m'misewu kumidzi a m'midzi yakutali kwambiri. Chisinthiko chamoyo chasinthanso chuma cha dziko, chikumakwera pa kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kuchuluka kwa malonda, ndi kuyendetsa galimoto.

Maziko: Kuthandiza Boma Lalikulu Kuwonjezera Malipiro

Njira ya boma la India yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ili pa mapulogalamu angapo odziwika bwino, omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.

India: Kumanga Msana

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Mawu Oimira Maseŵera Opereka Mathayo (UPI): Chisinthiro cha Maseŵera

Kukula ndi kuperekedwa kwa UPI kwa bungwe la National Pearchances Corporation of India (NPCI) imaonedwa mofala monga njira imodzi yosinthira boma m'malo operekera ndalama. UPI ndi nthaŵi yeniyeni, yolipirira imene imathandiza kugula zinthu za ausinkhu wanu ndi munthu kuwonjezera makampani. Imaphatikiza ndalama zambiri za banki m'makampani imodzi yoyendera, imachotsa kufunika kwa tsatanetsatane wa banki wovuta. Chiyambire kukwera kwake mu 2016, UI waona kuchuluka kophulika kwamphamvu. Mavoliyumu a mwezi ndi mwezi anakwera kuchokera pa 92 miliyoni mu 2017 mu 2017 mu 2024, kusonyeza kukula kwa mabanki kwa chaka ndi chaka. Njirayo tsopano imachirikiza 400 ndi mazana ambiri a mabanki, monga pa Pyglogle, ndi kuyendetsa mabanki a boma.

Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY): Kufuna Ndalama Koyamba

Asanapeze ndalama za magetsi, nzika zifunikira maakaunti a ku banki. Pradhan Manty Jan Dhan Yoya , , , yoyambitsidwa mu 2014, yokhala ndi cholinga cha kusungidwa kwa ndalama mwa kupatsa banja lililonse ndalama zosungira, malo osungirako zinthu, ndi chophimba cha ngozi. Pafupifupi 2024, maakaunti 520 miliyoni atsegulidwa pansi pa chiwembuchi. Maakaunti ameneŵa amagwira ntchito monga popereka ndalama zothandizira kulera ana: amabwera ndi khadi la Ru Reece debit , ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa ndi Aadhaar, kutheketsa mapindu odalirika (D) ndi kukwera kwa ngozi. PMYYD kusanduliza maaketi a anthu ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa maaungwe, makamaka m'magawo a m'magawo akumidzi.

Aadhaar ndi e-KYC: Chidziŵitso Chochuluka

Kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki a Aadhaar ndi zothandizira kutsimikizira kuti mabanki akufunika mwamsanga komanso athandiza kuti adziwe ndalama zokwana 1.4 biliyoni. Malo amenewa athandiza kuti pakhale makampani ambiri monga Aadhaar Pail, kumene anthu amalonda amalandira ndalama zovomerezeka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kompyuta, kuchotsa kusoŵa kwa mafoni. Kugwirizana kwa boma kwa manambala a Aadhaar ndi masheleredi ndi maakaunti a mabanki pansi pa Jan - Ahaadlar-Mérobial (AM)

Mawu a Bharat kaamba ka Ndalama (BHIM): Chisonyezero cha Boma cha UPI

Kupereka njira zodalirika, zotetezereka, ndi zobwezedwa ndi boma. NPCI inayambitsa Chigwirizano cha Ndalama (BIT) [1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . seŵero inapangidwa kuti ikhale yopepuka, yapansi, yapansi, ndi yopezeka m’zinenero 13 za chigawo chachitatu. Pamene kulipiritsa ziŵiro za antchito, PHIkabe chida chosulitsa chiwirira — makamaka ogwiritsira ntchito masamu oyambirira omwe amakonda kuwonjezera makampani popanda malonda. Boma linapangidwa ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa BHIM kumbuyo ndi malo ofanana ndi kutsatsa malonda a Digincentide ndi ku Krivit.

Chichirikizo cha Akuluakulu cha RBI ndi Boma

. RBI inayambitsa projekiti yopereka ndalama zothandizira kukonza malo osungirako zinthu. Malo operekera ndalama ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu zoyendetsera ntchito, adakonzedwa kuti apeze njira zatsopano. RBI inayambitsa ndalama zothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito Infrapculature Development Fund (PIDF) mu 20211 kulimbikitsa kuperekedwa kwa chuma (monga ngati mapepala a QR ndi POS) m'mabungwe atatu m'mizinda 6 ndi m'mayiko a North East. Ndalama ya ndalamayi imaika kuikidwa kwa mfundo zolandiridwa 30 miliyoni podzafika 2025. Kuwonjezera apo, boma limalimbikitsa kuchepetsa ndalama zowonongedwa (MFR) pa malonda aang'ono ndi kulipira ndalama zogulitsira malonda, zatsika ndalama zoyendetsera malonda, zoyendetsera malonda pa makampani ogulitsa zinthu zogulitsa pa mabizinesi opangidwa ndi mabizinesi a ku India 90%.

Chiyambukiro pa Chitaganya ndi Chuma

Makina oyendetsera zinthu zachilengedwe, omwe amachirikizidwa ndi njira za boma zimenezi, athandiza kwambiri pa zachuma ndi chikhalidwe.

Kupeza Ndalama ndi Kusintha kwa Mabanja

Kulipira kwa manambala kwathandiza kukhazikitsa malamulo a zachuma kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe kale sanali nzika za ku India. Pophatikiza maakaunti a Jan Dhan ndi Upi, anthu amene anadalira ndalama zonsezo tsopano ali ndi manambala. Zimenezi zimawathandiza kupeza ndalama za ngongole, ndalama zokongola, inshuwalansi, ndi zinthu zina zoikizira ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zolipirira pa ndandanda ya makampani pa anthu 1,000 mu India zinakwera kuchokera pa 151 mu 2016 kufika pa 6,500 mu 2024. madera a kumadera akumidzi, amene tsopano amasunga ndalama za kampani, pafupifupi 45% ya ku UNI , ndi ziwitso zonse za ku , malinga ndi NPI , ndi kuŵerengera kwa Neverset trap (DBT). Dokosolo la Refereat .

Kuchepa kwa Malonda ndi Zachuma

Makampani aang'ono ndi ogulitsa m’misewu akhala ena mwa anthu opindula kwambiri ndi kulera ana mwa magetsi. Kulandira ndalama kudzera ku QR malamulo kumachotsa kufunika kwa kuyendetsa ndalama, kuchepetsa upandu wa kuba, ndi kuchotsa kufunika kwa kusintha. Operekera katundu, oyendetsa galimoto, ndi antchito a zachuma, kuwonjezera ndalama. “Msonkhano wa boma wa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama mwapadera pogwiritsira ntchito ndalama za anthu ogula ndalama. M'chigawo chamwayi chakhala choonekera kwambiri mu Tier 2 ndi Tier 3 mizinda. 2023 yophunziridwa ndi Indiyani Councial for Research on International Economic Relity Relations (ICRIE) yapeza kuti kulipira kwa maapo a ndalama kwa a amalonda aang'ono poma 15 /20% pofika pa kukwera kwa ogula ndi kukwera kwa ndalama. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama kwa maofesi ambiri kwa anthu akuchepera pa 1.5% mwa zaka za chaka chimodzi mwa lipoti la Broungwe la Broto.

Kuona Bwino Malo ndi Maulamuliro

Makampani alola makampani kulipira msonkho wochuluka kuchokera ku malonda alionse. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti misonkho ikhale yabwino, kuchepetsa ziphuphu, ndi kuyendetsa bwino. Makampani a boma, ogwirizana ndi ndalama za pakompyuta, amalola makampani kupereka ndalama za msonkho pokhapokha ngati apereka ndalama zotsala pa stem transting . Zimenezi zachititsa makampani akuluakulu a zachuma kuti apange makampani. Kuwonjezera apo, kuchotsa kwa anthu pa makompyuta — monga maalipiro, madesiki, ndi ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama — zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama zofunikira kulipira olandira popanda kutsata pulogalamu ya ku , zimene zimagwiritsira ntchito ndalama za boma zonse zoyendetsera ndalama, zoyendetsera ndalama za khkhre mu 2023 m'maindaneti yokwanira.

Mphamvu za Akazi ndi Magulu Okhoza Kuledzeretsedwa

Malipiro a manambala athandiza kwambiri akazi, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zamwambo za kubanki. Programu ya Jan Dhan inakweza kwambiri chiŵerengero cha akazi okhala ndi maakaunti a ku banki — monga 2024, 55% ya Jan Dhan ali akazi. UI imatheketsa akazi ameneŵa kuyendetsa malonda popanda kufunikira kuchezetsa nthambi kapena kutsagana ndi amuna. Makonzedwe a boma onga PMS Samn Nidhi, amene amapereka kwa alimi aang'ono 60,000 pachaka, amachotsedwa mwachindunji m'maakaundula a Adaar-liv, amapatsa alimi amene kaŵirikaŵiri amathandizira. Gulu la chithandizo cha amuna (SHG), ndi akazi oposa 80 miliyoni, amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zosungidwa, ndi opeza ndi anzawo owonjezereka, ndi kubwereketsa ndalama.

Zimene Mungachite Kuti Muthe Kupirira Mavuto: Kulephera Kuwerenga, Kuwerenga ndi Kuphunzira

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zikukula bwino chonchi, ku India, zinthu zachilengedwe zimavutikabe chifukwa boma lizingopitiriza kuloŵererapo ndiponso kukonza zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kudzidalira ndi Kunyenga

Pamene mavolyumu a wailesi ayamba kuchuluka, kuyesayesa kwa kupha, ndi kuswa chidziŵitso. RBI ndi boma zayankha mwa kulimbikitsa dongosolo la malamulo. Malamulo a Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, amakhazikitsa malamulo a kukonza makompyuta ndi kukhazikitsa dala kwa ogwiritsira ntchito. RBI ya Chitetezo cha “Cyber Security Formmare for Penteral Symics system . Kufuna kulengeza kwa chitetezo, kupenda ngozi, ndi kuyesa kwapanthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. National Cyber Crieving Porting Raving yathandiza kupetula madandaulo mosavuta. Boma linayambitsanso kampeni ya“ Diegikiti . Komabe, chinyengo chitukulo chamakono, ndi chiwoneso chapamwamba pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito zaukhondo kwa boma kwa anthu 1 pa kampani ya boma la United States.

Kulephera Kuphunzira ndi Kusiyana kwa Makompyuta

Pamene kuli kwakuti intaneti yafutukuka, kulemba ndi kuŵerenga kwa masamu kwatanthauzo — makamaka kwa achikulire, chiŵerengero cha anthu osaphunzira, ndi akazi akumidzi — zikukhalabe zotsika. Ogwiritsira ntchito ambiri amalimbana ndi UPI PIN, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito mavuto, ndi kusiyanitsa akuluakulu a boma ndalama zothandizira [[FLT:] Mandadhan Gramin Sakharta (PGUSHIYA) cholinga cha kupanga nyumba zakumidzi 60 miliyoni zophunzira ndi zinenero. Pofika 2024, programuyo inali itaphunzitsa anthu oposa 47 miliyoni. Komabe, kusiyanasiyana kwa zinenero ndi kuchotsa zinenero za m’madera kumaderawo ndiko kudalira pa maphunziro owonjezereka. Kupereka ndalama zotero, monga ngati kuti ndi ku FUTFFF, ndi ku LC, ndi ku LYCC.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kugwirizanitsa

Malipiro a manambala amadalira pa Intaneti yodalirika ndi makompyuta a mafoni ndi manja. Pamene kuli kwakuti Bharat Net yagwirizanitsa magramu 600,000 a pankayati, kugwirizana m'madera akumidzi ndi amapiri kudakalibe . Mphamvu zowononganso zipangizo zamakono, makamaka za zipangizo zotsimikizira. Boma likulankhula zimenezi kudzera pa National Broadband Band Mission (kuika malo onse opezeka ndi 2030), kuwonjezeka kwa mautumiki 5G, ndi kuikizira ndalama pa Internet kwa madera akutali. Zinthu monga “UTI ” ndi“ njira za X zimene zimagwira ntchito ndi kugwirizanitsa kokhala ndi malire — zikupitidwa monga njira zothandizira. Kuphatikizapo 2030, chikalata cha RI cha “Kuona Malo a 2025 , ndi kukonza kwa makompyuta oyenerera bwino a anthu owonjezereka kwa anthu owonjezereka 5,000 kapena 5,000.

Kuthandizana ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Umboni umodzi wa mphamvu za UPI ndi wogwirizana, koma mavuto amakhalapo pamene ogwiritsira ntchito ayesa kugwirizanitsa maakaunti ku mabanki ambiri kapena kugwiritsira ntchito ma UPI otulutsidwa ndi mabanki osiyanasiyana. Mabanki ena akhala ochedwa kutheketsa zinthu zonse. Boma ndi NPCI akupitiriza kusungitsa kulinganiza ndi kulamula kuti ma AUPI atsopano onse agwirizane ndi matanthauzo a API otsegulidwa. Kuyambitsidwa kwa UPI AUNI AURPA COI COUPI ndi makhadi a UTI- tty) kumachepetsanso kugwetsa. Komabe, padakali zochitika za kulephera kwa mabizinesi chifukwa cha makampani a mabanki a kukonzanso ntchito zawo ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi. Boma ndi kulimbikitsa mabanki kukonzanso a mabanki ndi kuchepetsa nthaŵi.

Mmene Zinthu Zidzakhalire Mtsogolo: Zomwe Zidzachitike M’tsogolo Ndiponso Malingaliro a Boma

Ulendo wa ku India wolipira ndalama ndi woyendera makompyuta suli womaliza, ndipo boma, kudzera m’chaka cha NPCI ndi RBI, likukonza kwambiri zinthu zoyendetsera zinthu za m’mafakitale kuti ziyende bwino ndi luso la zopangapanga ndiponso zimene anthu amafuna kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ndalama za Banki Yogwiritsa Ntchito Malo Okhala: Chipangizo Chotchedwa Rupee

RBI inayambitsa woyendetsa ndege wa Digital Rupee (e 76-R) mu 2022, kupanga India kukhala imodzi ya chuma chachikulu kuti ayese ndalama zapakati pa banki. Digital Rupee ndi chizindikiro cha mlingo choimira kufeŵera kwalamulo, cholinganizidwa kukwaniritsa madongosolo amakono popanda chipangizo cha pseuntary decurrecrenies. Mu 2024, woyendetsa ndege wafutukuka ku mabanki asanu ndi anayi ndi anayi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopimira kugula zinthu, kudutsa malire adziko, ndi ndalama zokongopeka. Boma amaona CBDCDC monga chida chochotsera ndalama zambiri m'za ndalama, kuwonjezera, ndi kuchepetsa kwa ndalama, ndi kuchuluka kwa mizinda yathunthu.

Mmene Zinthu Zimakhalira

Kumanga pa Aadhaar, boma likuchirikiza Aadhaar "kutsimikizira kwa" kaamba ka malipiro, amene amachotsa kufunika kwa PIN kapena khadi . Ichi nchopindulitsa kwambiri kwa nzika zokalamba ndi ogwiritsira ntchito opunduka. NPCI ya “UPI 123 RAP” ndi“USI LITE” akupeputsa kale malipiro pa mafoni apadera. Kubwera kwa “UPAI & PaP, Tapicages NFC, kulola ogwiritsira ntchito foni kapena khadi pamalipiro ya wa wa wamalondawo. RII ikupititsanso patsogolo kaamba ka kutumiza 50 miliyoni ya ma POS podzafika 2026, ndi kuyang'anira malonda aang'ono. Kusintha kumeneku kudzapereka ndalama ngakhale kwa magulu amakono.

Kuchuluka kwa Madongosolo a Kulipira Ndalama Padziko Lonse

India akutumiza kudziko kudziko la United States . Ili yagwirizana ndi kusamutsidwa kwenikweni kwa m'malire a Singapore. Kugwirizana kofanana ndi UAE, Nepal, Sri Lanka , ndi Malaysia kuli pakalipa. Boma likuchirikizanso ‘ UPI ya alendo oyenda ulendo, kulola alendo auniversitive kugwiritsira ntchito UPI pa amalonda. Zimenezi zimapangitsa India kukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse wopereka ndalama, kuyendetsa malo ochezera ndi malonda a . G20’s Relie a “World One, Woparence . Woyamba . Chithunzi chake chapadera cha [1] mu 2023 chimalimbikitsanso kachitidweka

Kutulukira Mwaluso Ndiponso Mwachinyengo

Boma ndi NPCI likuika ndalama m'madongosolo ofufuza odalira pa FI/ML amene amapenda njira zogulitsira zinthu panthaŵi yeniyeni. RBI’s AI’SPAI I ikugwira ntchito ya “Paramente Superpee . Iyang'anira njira yaikulu yolipirira ozembera ntchito yokayikira. Boma likufufuzanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotchinga kuti liteteze, kuchuluka kwa ndalama zotsala, makamaka m'maboma ndi malonda a padziko lonse. Bungwe la National Reaccoration likuyambitsa “Tracture Platform yomwe imaphatikiza ndalama zolipirira za ndandanda ya malonda ndi malonda, kuyendera malonda a m'dale.

Kumaliza

Kuthandiza kwa magetsi kwa dziko la India kwasintha kuchokera ku kuyesa kwa boma kusanduka nkhani ya chipambano padziko lonse. Kuphatikiza zinthu zofunikira, kuchirikiza malamulo, kukonzanso, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kwachititsa malo kumene makampani a zachuma angapitirire pa liŵiro losawoneka konse padziko lapansi. Zoyesayesa za bomazo (kuyambira pa Jan Dhan ku kampani ya za ndalama zoyendera ku kusintha zinthu ndi kuyendetsa ndege zaupainiya Rupee , (kusintha chabe kukonza zinthu, komanso kupatsa anthu mphamvu, kuyendetsa bwino chuma, ndi kuwonjezera kukwera kwa chuma. Komabe, mavuto onga kudalirana kwa pa Intaneti, kuphunzira, ndi kugwirizana ndi kudalirana kwa anthu kumafunikirabe, khama. Pamene India akupita ku mbali yake yosatsagana ndi kufalikira kwa maluso, ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani, ndi kulipira ndalama za boma, kuwonjezeranso ndalama, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makompyuta, ngakhalenso kuwonjezera ndalama za kuipira kwa magetsi, ndi kuthandizira kuthandizira kwa anthu ambiri.