Kupangidwa kwa Lamulo la ku America Kokhala ndi Maziko

Dziko la United States ndi limene lili ndi malamulo ovuta kwambiri komanso ogwirizana kwambiri padziko lonse. Mosiyana ndi mayiko amene ali ndi apolisi amodzi, bungwe la United States limagawira mphamvu zapolisi m’mayiko onse, m’dziko, m’dziko, ndiponso m’zigawo zapadera.

Maboma: Chilango ndi Chisungiko cha Dziko

Mabungwe osungitsa lamulo auyang'anira pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma la United States ndi kusungitsa malamulo a boma. Ulamuliro wawo umakhudza upandu umene umadutsana ndi mizera ya boma, umaphatikizapo katundu wa boma, kapena kusonkhezera dziko. Bungwe lotchuka kwambiri la boma ndilo Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) , umene umalimbana ndi upandu wolimbana ndi boma, ikbercrime, ndi kuswa ufulu wa anthu.

Mabungwe ena a boma amaphatikizapo [[FLT: 0] Droughment Administration (DEA) , imene imalimbana ndi kugulitsa zinthu zosokoneza bongo, ndi Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacto, Flossives , Frossives (ATFF) [[FLTF:]], imene imalamulira mfuti ndi kufufuza za chitetezo. [FLT:] U.S Selo, yodziŵika kaamba ka tsatanetsatane, imafufuzanso upandu wa ndalama. Kutsatira kulengedwa kwa [FL:6] Kutetezeka kwa Nyumba za Kutetezeka (HS] [FLT] [FLT], [200], "56], mofanana ndi zikalata zotetezera zotetezera: [FFMT]

Mabungwe a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi magulu apadera, kuchokera ku magulu olandirira anthu ogwidwa ndi undende kufikira kupititsa patsogolo malaboratori ofufuza za boma, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizana ndi boma ndi mabwenzi akumaloko kupyolera mwa magulu a antchito ogwirizana.

Maboma Atafika Pansi: Kuthetsa Mpata

Mabungwe osungitsa lamulo a boma amagwira ntchito pa mlingo wa boma ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ali ndi ulamuliro kulikonse m'boma lawo. Pali zitsanzo ziŵiri zazikulu: fashoni ya Apolisi a m'dzikolo [[FLT: 0], imene ili ndi ulamuliro wa apolisi kuphatikizapo kufufuza kwa apandu, ndi Soundway Patrol chitsanzo, chimene chimasumika makamaka pa chisungiko cha magalimoto ndi kusungitsa malamulo m’misewu ya boma. Maboma onga Texas, California, ndi New York amasunga polisi zazikulu, za boma.

Maboma ambiri amagwiritsiranso ntchito State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) , imene imagwira ntchito mofanana ndi FBI ya boma. SB imathandiza mabungwe akomweko ndi kufufuza kocholoŵana, kuyang'anira malabola a upandu a boma, ndi kusunga zolembedwa zaupandu zapakati. Mabungwe a boma amatsutsa kwambiri kulinganiza chuma panthaŵi ya ngozi ndi madera akumidzi amene alibe madipatimenti odalirika akwawo.

Kuchitira Chikhalidwe Kwawo: Mzera Woonekeratu

Kusungitsa malamulo kwa kumaloko ndiko mbali yaikulu ya apolisi ku America. Ndi madipatimenti oposa 15,000, madipatimenti apolisi a polisi ndi a maofesi a boma amalemba 60% a maofesala a dzikolo 8000,000.

Madipatimenti a Apolisi ali ndi thayo la kusungitsa lamulo m'malamulo m'malamulo. Iwo amachita zonse kuyambira kuima kwa magalimoto ndi madandaulo a phokoso kufikira ku kupha ndi SWAT. Oyang'anira maofesi a polisi [ n’ngwapadera chifukwa chakuti amatumikira chigawo chonse, kuphatikizapo madera osaphatikizidwa. Maboma amasankhidwa mwalamulo, amawonjezeranso mlandu wa za ndale ya ndale ya zandale. [Sheriffijanti ayang'kanso mandende ndi bwalo lamilandu, ntchito zosachitidwa ndi akulu apolisi.

Kuonekera ndi kupezeka kwa apolisi akumaloko kumawapangitsa iwo kukhala maziko aakulu a kulankhulana ndi nzika.

Cholinga Chapadera ndi Mafuko

Kupyola boma, boma, ndi malo a boma, mabungwe ambiri apadera amasungitsa malamulo m'nkhani zenizeni. Campus Police ku mayunivesite, Mapulice [[FLT:] pa sitima ndi sitima, pa masiteshoni a pansi panthaka, [[FLT:] Park Police m'mapaki a dziko, ndi School Resurence [[[FLT:]] m'masukulu onse olumbira lamulo lokhala ndi ulamuliro wa malo kapena malo awo ogwirira ntchito.

Lamulo lachibadwidwe limagwira ntchito pa malo a Eni America achifumu. Apolisi a mafuko ali ndi ulamuliro pa ziwalo za mafuko m'maiko, ngakhale kuti nkhani za ulamuliro ndi maulamuliro a boma ndi boma zingakhale zocholoŵana. Boma la boma limakhala ndi ulamuliro waukulu pa milandu yaikulu pa malo ambiri, kaŵirikaŵiri kutsogolera ku malire.

Ntchito: Mmene Makonzedwe Amasungilira Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Ngakhale kuti ntchito zapaderazo zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi magulu, mabungwe onse osungitsa malamulo amagaŵana mbali imodzi ya ntchito zazikulu.

Kutha kwa Upandu Kokangalika

Kukhalapo kowoneka kwa maofesala ovala yunifolomu ndi njira yakale ndi yofunika kwambiri ya kusungitsa lamulo. Patrol, kaya ndi galimoto, mapazi, njinga, kapena hatchi, cholinga cha kuletsa upandu mwa kuwonjezera ngozi yooneka kukhala yowopsa. Kansas City Preventive Patrol Surgement [[FLT:]] , zimene chuma chambiri chikuyang'ana ku malo aang'ono kumene kuli upandu wamwazikulu.

Kufufuza za Upandu ndi Ntchito Zauchigaŵenga

Pamene ofufuza opanga alephera kuletsa upandu, mabungwe amasintha n'kukhala njira yofufuza. Njira yofufuza imaphatikizapo kuchotsa upandu, kusonkhanitsa umboni, kufunsa anthu ndi mboni, ndi kudziŵikitsa zokayikira. Kukwera kwa aspectal forisensics kwasintha ntchito imeneyi. Ofufuza tsopano apezanso chidziŵitso kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja, makompyuta, malo osungira zinthu a thambo, ndipo ngakhale magalimoto.

Maphunziro a sayansi ya zasayansi ya kudziko, kuphatikizapo DNA, kupenda, ululu, ndi kujambula minwe, amayang'aniridwa ndi malabola a upandu wa mabungwe kapena zipinda zapakati. National Institute of Justice (NJ) [1] imakhazikitsa miyezo yofufuzira ya zofufuza za arsensics kutsimikizira kuti umboni wasungidwa m’khoti.

Kumangidwa, Kuiwalitsidwa, ndi Kuletsedwa Mwalamulo

Lamulo lachinayi loletsa kufunafuna anthu ndi kugwidwa limaletsa kufunafuna anthu kosayenera.

Nkhani yosonyeza zinthu Terry v. Ohio [1] inakhazikitsa muyezo walamulo wa "imani ndi frisk," kulola maofesala kumanga munthu mwachidule chifukwa cha kukayikira koyenera. Mpando wachisanu, wochirikizidwa ndi Marinda v. Arizona [1] , amafuna nduna kuti zidziŵitse kukayikira kwawo kuti ali ndi ufulu wongokhala chete ndi kukhala ndi loya amene alipo panthaŵi yofunsira kwa udindo. Malamulo ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri pophunzitsa apolisi ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Kulabadira Kofulumira ndi Chigwirizano cha Onse

Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo kaŵirikaŵiri ali oyamba kuchitapo kanthu pa zinthu zamwadzidzidzi zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa masoka achilengedwe ndi zigaŵenga mpaka zochitika zowombera anthu ndi zipwirikiti za anthu. Kusunga dongosolo la anthu panthaŵi ya zionetsero, misonkhano, ndi zochitika zazikulu kumafuna kulinganiza bwino, maluso a gulu, ndipo nthaŵi zina, kuyankha kogwirizana. Posse Comitatus Act imaletsa kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa U.S. kwa asilikali a lamulo m'dziko, koma magulu a National Guide angagwirizanitsidwe ndi akaze a boma panthaŵi ya ngozi.

Njira Zamakono ndi Njira Zosinthasintha

Kuonetsetsa kuti malamulo a m’nthaŵi yapitayi akugwira ntchito pa nkhani zapamwamba monga kupenda zinthu, luso la zopangapanga, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu kumadalira kwambiri.

Chigwirizano ndi Kulankhulana ndi Nzeru

Kubwera kwa Compstat m'ma 1990 kutembenuza maulamuliro a apolisi mwa kuchititsa akazembe kuŵerengera maupandu m'zigawo zawo. Lerolino, mabungwe amagwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito yoweruza [ ndandanda ya malamulo a kuneneratu kumene kumachitika, kulola oyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito chuma motsatira mfundo zachidziŵikire. Pamene kuli kwakuti akutsutsana ndi malingaliro olakwika othekera m’zoloŵetsedwa, zida zimenezi zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri ndi madipatimenti aakulu.

Policy - Lected Policity) imasumika pa kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula chidziŵitso chonena za zigaŵenga ndi ziwopsezo. Njira imeneyi njaikulu makamaka kuti athetse upandu ndi kugonjetsa upandu wolinganizidwa. Malo a Fusion, ogwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi boma ndi mabungwe a boma, amatumikira monga malo othandizira kugaŵana nzeru zowopsa.

Luso la Zaumisiri ndi Njira Zoyendera

Luso lazopangapanga lakhala mbali yolongosola kusungidwa kwa malamulo amakono. Laisensi yodziyendera ya Plate Plate (ALPR) [1] Kusanthula masayala zikwizikwi pa ola limodzi, kuchenjeza apolisi kuti abe magalimoto kapena kufuna kukayikira. [[FLT:]] Kamera ya Body-mock (BWC) yakhala zipangizo zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera kuwala ndi kupereka umboni wofunika. [[FLT:] GUNSSSSSSS , monga Shoptpotter, gwiritsa ntchito zojambula malo a kujambula, kutulutsa mofulumira kwa apolisi.

Drones (UVS) imagwiritsiridwa ntchito mowonjezereka kaamba ka kuyang'anira ndege, kukonzanso ngozi, ndi kuchirikiza kwa machenjera. Exrectronic Foundation (EFF)[FLF] ndi magulu ena a ufulu wa anthu amayang'anitsitsa kwambiri tekinoloji imeneyi, kudzutsa mafunso ofunika onena za kukhala okha ndi kuthekera kwa kuyang'anira kwa anthu ambiri.

Apolisi Odziŵika ndi Anthu ndi Ovutika

Filosofi ya Chiphunzitso cha Chikomyunizimu (COP) imagogomezera kugwirizana kwa kumanga pakati pa apolisi ndi madera amene amatumikira. Oyang'anira ogaŵiridwa kumadera ena amalimbikitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu pa mavuto ndi kukulitsa chidaliro, mmalo mwa kungoyankha ku mafoni. [FLT:] Office of Community Policial (Ofesi ya Communicial Policial) imapatsa ndi kuphunzitsidwa kuchirikiza njira zimenezi.

Preblem-Orient Policition (POP) ili njira yofanana imene imasumika pa kudziŵikitsa zochititsa zazikulu za mavuto a upandu ndi kupanga zothetsera zogwirizana, kaŵirikaŵiri kuphatikizapo anthu kunja kwa lamulo (m’jere, malamulo a mzinda, mautumiki a mayanjano).

Kugwira Ntchito Mogwirana Ntchito ndi Ena

Palibe bungwe limodzi limene lingathetse ziwopsezo zonse zamakono lokha. Deastruction Task Forces (JTFS , [1] , lotsogozedwa ndi FBI, zopereka za kampani zochokera ku boma, boma, ndi mabungwe a kumaloko kuyang'anira uchigaŵenga. M’mwamba , Drug Drug Trafficings (HIDTA) maprogramu ogwirizanitsa ntchito zosungitsa mankhwala osokoneza mankhwala kuzungulira madera ena. Mabungwe ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti athetse upandu umene umanyalanyaza malire a dziko.

Mavuto Ovuta Amene Chilamulo Chinakumana Nawo M’zaka za Zana la 21

Kusungitsa malamulo kwachuluka kwambiri ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuyesa mphamvu ndi kuyenerera kwa mabungwe m’dziko lonselo.

Vuto la Kudalirana ndi Kuphwanya Malamulo

Zochitika zazikulu zophatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu kwa apolisi zasokoneza unansi pakati pa kusungitsa lamulo ndi madera amene amatumikira. Kukopa kuchokera ku [[FLT: 0] Research Center kumasonyeza kugaŵikana kwaufuko ndi ndale zadziko m'kudalira kwa anthu m'zochitika za apolisi. Kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro kumafuna chitsimikizo chokhalitsa cha kuweruza, kuonekera bwino, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu. Ochita za kampani ayenera kupezera chivomerezo kwa anthu amene apolisiwo.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu ndi Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Muyezo walamulo wogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, wokhazikitsidwa mu Graham v. Connor , umapenda mphamvu kuchokera ku kawonedwe ka "ofisala wololera pa malopo" muyezo umenewu umapatsa ufulu wapadera komanso wachititsa kukangana. Mabungwe ambiri tsopano akhazikitsa kutsogolera [kuphunzitsa kwa] kuyendetsa zinthu [ ndipo agwiritsira ntchito [[FTLT:4] malamulo ofunikira kuletsa mphamvu yopambanitsa ya anzawo. Malamulo ovomerezedwa, otsatidwa ndi Department of U.S.

Kusinthasintha Ndalama ndi Mapepala

Mabungwe ambiri akugwira ntchito mopanikizidwa kwambiri. Ma banki ayenera kukwaniritsa antchito, maphunziro, zipangizo, ndi luso la zopangapanga. Kuitana "kukopa apolisi" kochitidwa ndi ochirikiza kusonkhezera mkangano waukulu wakuti kaya ndalama ziyenera kuikidwa ku mautumiki a anthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, madipatimenti ambiri amayesayesa kugula makamera, kuphunzitsa kukwera, ndi malipiro a mpikisano, kusonkhezera kulowa usilikali ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo.

Kugwira Ntchito Mwachangu Ndiponso Kuigwira Bwino

Mabungwe ambiri ku United States akuyang'anizana ndi vuto lalikulu ndi kusaiŵala . Kulingalira kolakwika kwa anthu, kufuna maola ogwira ntchito, ndi maupandu a ntchito zapangitsa kuvuta kukopa oyembekezera. Dipatimenti zikukweza malire a msinkhu, kupereka madenasi, ndi mapulogalamu ofunsira kudzaza. Ubwino ndi maprogramu a zaumoyo zimaonedwa mowonjezereka kukhala zosuliza kaamba ka kulinganiza.

Umboni wa Makompyuta

Zigawenga zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zipangizo zamakono. Zida monga mapulojekiti a mapulojekiti, chinyengo pa Intaneti, kuba chinsinsi, ndi kudyerera ana, ndi vuto lalikulu. Mabungwe ambiri akumeneku saphunzira zinthu zapadera ndiponso sagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera kuti afufuze bwino za makompyuta. Vuto la kuopsa kwa mdima, limene kumasulira mawu olembedwa pa Intaneti kumalepheretsa kupeza zipangizo zokhala ndi zinthu zimene zikutchulidwa, likupitirizabe kuyambitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa malamulo ndi ufulu wa munthu.

Njira Zamtsogolo: Nyengo Yachiŵiri ya Kukakamiza Chilamulo

Kusungitsa malamulo kuli m’mkhalidwe wa chisinthiko nthaŵi zonse, wosonkhezeredwa ndi kupangidwa kwa luso la zopangapanga, zitokoso za zamalamulo, ndi kusintha kwa ziyembekezo za anthu.

Luntha Lopanga ndi Kudzipangira

AI yakonzeka kusintha ntchito yapolisi. Lipoti lolembedwa, kutembenuza chinenero chenicheni, ndi luso la zojambulajambula la nkhope layamba kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito. AI-alytics ingathe kusesa kuchuluka kwa chidziŵitso chodziŵira maupandu. Komabe, kugwiritsira ntchito jaji kumadzutsa mafunso ofunika kwambiri okhudza chikhalidwe ndi ufulu wa anthu. Kuyambitsa madongosolo oonekeratu a AI mu polisi kudzakhala nkhani yolongosola bwino nkhani ya zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

Zitsanzo Zina

Pali kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu ya kuchotsa thayo la mafoni ena opanda chiwawa kuchokera kwa apolisi okhala ndi mfuti. programu ya polisi ku Eugene , Oregon, imatumiza akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi a medic mmalo mwa apolisi kaamba ka mafoni. Mizinda monga Albuquerque ndi Denver ikuyendetsa mayuniti a misewu opanda zida. Mapikicawa amatsimikiza kupereka mayankhidwe oyenerera kaamba ka mavuto a maganizo, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa zinthu, ndi kuswa malamulo a a apolisi achiwawa, kumasula apolisi oimira upandu wachiwawa.

Kuona Malo Oyera ndi Kuyang’anira

Kufunika kwa kuŵerengera mlandu kudzapitirizabe kuyendetsa masinthidwe a kamera ya nthaŵi yeniyeni. Mabungwe openda odziimira a anthu okhala ndi mphamvu za pansi pa pouma, ndi makompyuta a boma akuchuluka. National Declaintlation Index ikutumiza maofesala a chisembwere ochotsedwa kuti awateteze ku mabungwe ena. Kachilombo kotetezeka , kamene kamatetezera ku milandu yachiŵembu, kuyang'ana ndi mavuto owonjezereka alamulo.

Maphunziro Apadera

Kucholoŵana kwa ntchito zapolisi zamakono kumafuna anthu ophunzira ndi aluso. Kuphunzitsa kwa Crisnis Intervention (CT) kwa apolisi oyankha mavuto a maganizo kumakhala kofunikira m'maiko ambiri. Kuphunzitsa kuchotsa, kuthetsa nkhondo, ndi kukondera kwakukulu tsopano kuli koyenera m'masukulu ambiri. Pali kulimbikitsa kaamba ka maphunziro apamwamba ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukatswiri kuti atukule ntchito yonse.

Kumaliza: Kulinganizika Kochepa

Kusungitsa malamulo ku United States sikuli gulu la anthu akhama komanso gulu lalikulu logwirizana logwirira ntchito m'zigawo zonse. Mabungwe ameneŵa ali ndi udindo waukulu wokhazikitsa malamulo pamene akuteteza ufulu wa munthu ndi ufulu. Njira ndi zovuta zofotokozedwa pano zikusonyeza kuti kusungitsa malamulo ndi kuyesayesa kwamphamvu kwa munthu. Pamene luso la zopangapangapanga likupita patsogolo ndi ziyembekezo za anthu zikusintha, mabungwewo akugwira ntchito yosunga mtenderewo ndi umphumphu, luntha, ndi kudzipereka kosagwedera ku malamulo. Mtsogolo mwa anthu onse limadalira pa kupeza kulinganiza kwabwino pakati pa chisungiko, kuŵerengera mlandu, ndi kudalirana.