Chiyambi: Kukwera kwa Madambo ndi Kufunika kwa Kubwezeretsa

Magalimoto a ndege osayenda ndi anthu onyamula katundu, omwe amadziwika kwambiri kuti drones, asintha kuchokera ku malo osangalatsa. Komabe, zayambitsanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mafakitale monga ulimi, kuyang'anira nyumba, malo, kukonza mafilimu, kuchita zinthu modzidzimutsa, ndi kutumiza zinthu zooneka bwino. Kukula kumeneku kwabweretsa mapindu aakulu, kuphatikizapo ndalama zosungira zinthu, zosonkhanira zinthu, ndi zokongoletsera zinthu zapamwamba. Komabe, zayambitsanso ngozi zazikulu ku chitetezo cha mpweya, zaumwini, ndi chisungiko cha dziko. Mabungwe amalonda padziko lonse achitapo kanthu mwa kupanganso nyumba zoyendetsera zinthu ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Malamulowa amakhudza zinthu zonse zimene zingayendere kuchokera kwa amene angauluke ndege zopanga ndege ndi malo a zigawere ndi malo ochitirapo malamulo osokoneza zinthu. Kumvetsa bwino malamulo ameneŵa kwa malamulowa ndi njira za kuyendetsa zinthu, ndi kuyendetsa malonda, ndi kuyendetsa malonda, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu.

Ziŵalo za Malamulo Amodzi

Ngakhale kuti chigawo chilichonse chimatsatira malamulo a dzikolo, malamulo ambiri osokoneza maganizo amakhudza zinthu zofanana.

Kulembetsa ndi Kutumiza Malo

Kulembetsa kwa ma drones kuli tsopano chiyeneretso chapadera pafupifupi pamsika uliwonse waukulu. Olemba ndege ayenera kulembetsa ndege zawo ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lonse ndi kusonyeza nambala ya ID pa chiwiyacho. Oyendetsa malonda kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zowonjezereka: iwo ayenera kupambana mayeso, kugula chikalata cha oyendetsa ndege kapena laisensi, ndipo nthaŵi zina amayang'ana. Mwachitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] Fideral Aviation Administration (FAFRA) [FALT:1] mu United States amafuna oyendetsa ndege zamalonda kuti asunge chigawo cha 107 Kutali kwa Pilo, ndipo nthaŵi zina amayang'ana kumbuyo. [FL:2] Kuthandiza kwa bungwe la ASCPUAS (AFLATEA). [AFRAN] Oyendetsa ndege a DROMES""""ARGOLES , kutsimikizira kuti apeze ntchito za , malamulo a .

Ziletso za Ndege ndi Malo Opanda F

Kuti ateteze ndege ndi zipangizo zosavuta kuuluka, oyendetsa ndege akhazikitsa malire aakulu oyendera ndege.

  • Malo aakulu: kwenikweni mamita (120) pamwamba pa mlingo wa US, EU, ndi mitundu ina yambiri.
  • [[FLT :0] Zigawo zosayenda: [[FLT ] kuzungulira mabwalo a ndege, heliport, zipinda za asilikali, ndende, malo amagetsi, ndi mapaki a dziko.
  • Zofunika za mzera wa kulimba (VLOS): Woyendetsa ndege ayenera kukhala wokhoza kuona drone popanda zithandizo zopeŵera kuwombana.
  • Machitidwe a magetsi okha a tsiku: Maiko ambiri amaletsa kuuluka usiku pokhapokha ngati drone ili ndi magetsi ndipo woyendetsa ndege ali ndi chilolezo chapadera.

Kumene mapulogalamu a kompyuta amaletsa mapulogalamu opangidwa kuchokera ku ziwalo zina kulowa m’malo otetezeka opita kumlengalenga.

Kuteteza Zinthu Zachinsinsi

Maluso a ma foni a kutumiza zithunzi ndi mavidiyo apamwamba pamene akuuluka pa malo achinsinsi amadzutsa nkhaŵa zazikulu zachinsinsi. Malamulo ambiri amaphatikizapo makonzedwe achinsinsi, monga ngati malamulo oletsa kuyang'anira anthu mosalekeza kapena kulanda zithunzi za anthu popanda chilolezo. Mu European Union, General Data Protection Regial (GDPR) imakhazikitsa malamulo aakulu osonkhanitsa, kusunga, ndi kukonza makompyuta a makompyuta. Maboma ena a US akhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuuluka kwa anthu pa katundu waumwini popanda chilolezo. Act Aulimi a ku Australia amagwira ntchito kwa oyendetsa ntchito odziŵika. Malamulo ameneŵa amakakamiza oyendetsa ntchito zachinsinsi kugwirizanitsa machitidwe achinsinsi ndi opendutsa ndi opeputsa.

Mfundo Zothandiza Ndiponso Zoteteza

Kuposa kutumiza oyendetsa ndege, oyang’anira amakhazikitsanso miyezo ya zopangapanga za magetsi ndi mapulogalamu a kompyuta. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo:

  • [[NT.0] Miyezo yothandiza: Imathandiza ma drone kukhalitsa, kukanidwa ndi moto, ndi mphamvu yokoka ya mphamvu yokoka.
  • Kudziŵikitsa (ID ya Remote): A njira imene imaulutsa tchuni, malo, ndi thambo, kulola maulamuliro ndi ogwiritsira ntchito ndege ena kuizindikira ndi kuilondola. Lamulo la Seveni la FAA linayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2024.
  • Kufufuza ndi kupima: Ogulitsa malonda ayenera kusunga mitengo ndi kuchita cheke chanthaŵi zonse pa ma frones awo.
  • Ziyeneretso za kuchuluka: Malamulo ambiri amalamula inshuwalansi ya kuimbidwa mlandu kwa machitidwe osintha, makamaka kaamba ka malonda kapena ma frones olemera.

Dziko ndi Madera Ofikira

Ngakhale kuti pali nkhani zambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo osiyanasiyana kumachitika mosiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Kufufuza malamulo angapo apadera kumasonyeza mmene mabungwe osiyanasiyana a malamulo amafotokozera malonda a zachitetezo.

United States

FAA ndi wotsogolera wamkulu pa mutu 14 wa Malamulo a Federal. Gawo 107 limalamulira machitidwe onse amalonda pamene oyendetsa ndege amaphatikizidwa ndi malamulo osiyana (kaŵirikaŵiri otchedwa Chilolezo cha Zosangalatsa Zochepetsedwa). Mbali zake ndi izi:

  • Pa nthawiyi, woyendetsa ndege ankalemba chikalata chosonyeza kuti ali ndi nzeru.
  • Kulembetsa m’thupi kwa onse kumaposa makilogalamu 0,55.
  • Mandario Otchedwa Kutali kwa Mitengo ya Mandaro ya zinyama zonse zokhala ndi zingwe zotchedwa marneron (Air de der) zofunikira kulembetsa.
  • Mabwalo a ndege, masitediyamu, ndi zinthu zina zofunikira kwambiri, siziyenda bwino; pamafunika ogulitsa mabomba kuti azigwira ntchito m’malo oyendera mphepo.
  • Kufuna kuyendetsa ndege pa anthu kapena kuyendetsa galimoto pokhapokha ngati woyendetsayo akuona kuti ndi wamkulu kapena wolemera kwambiri.

FAA imaletsa mwamphamvu oyendetsa ndege kupyola pa kulimba kwa maso koma ikali ndi kumaliza lamulo la BVLOS. Zochita zokakamiza zingaphatikizepo chilango cha anthu cha $500 pa kuswa, ndi chilango chaupandu cha kugwiritsa ntchito mopambanitsa.

Ulaya Union

Dongosolo la EASA limagwirizana ndi malamulo m'mayiko 27 onse pamodzi ndi mayiko angapo ogwirizana. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito magawo oika moyo pachiswe otchedwa "magulu atatu":

  • [[FLT: 0] Masitepe otseguka: Orose-risk . Drones ayenera kunyamula chizindikiro cha kalasi la CE (C0 mpaka C4). Palibe chilolezo chofunikira, koma oyendetsa ndege ayenera kulembetsa ngati drone ali ndi kamera kapena kulemera magramu oposa 250. Geo-aunity ndi ID yakutali ndi yoikitsa kuyambira 2024.
  • Mtundu wapadera: Upandu wapakati . Umafunikira chilolezo cha kugwira ntchito kapena chilengezo cha zochitika zotsatizana. Imaphatikizapo machitidwe onga kuuluka pafupi ndi makamu a anthu kapena kupitirira VLOS.
  • Gawo lotsimikiziridwa: Upandu wapamwamba (m' lekuatiso, kunyamula anthu kapena katundu woopsa). Imafuna chikalata chosonyeza kuti munthu wayamba kuyendetsa ndege ndi woyendetsa ndege wa m'malo a chilolezo.

EU inayambitsanso U-Space [FLT ] [1] ndandanda ya ntchito zoyendera magetsi kuti ziyendetse galimoto m'malo oulutsira ndege, mogwirizana ndi dongosolo lolamulira ndege za madona.

Canada

Komiti ya Zachitete Canada imayang'anira malamulo opimira ku mayeso aakulu kapena opita patsogolo kudalira pa malamulo a ku Canadian Aviation Aviation Malamulo (CAR:1] Palate IX. Madola oposa 250 grams ayenera kulembedwa ndi kulembedwa. Mapilo a ndege ayenera kupitirira mayeso aakulu kapena opita patsogolo kwambiri kudalira ngati akuuluka m’mlengalenga kapena pafupi ndi anthu. Ndegezo za AGL, zimafuna kuyendetsa malire a mapazi a mzera wa kuthamanga, ndipo zimaletsedwa m'madera ambiri (m. g., pafupi ndi mabwalo a ndege, m'dziko losungiramo ndege, ndi chivomerezo. Canada imakhala yothandiza poyendetsa ndege za BLOS ndi kunyamula katundu, imapatsa makampani opereka milandu oyendera milandu monga kuperekedwa kwa makampani a ku Canada ndi kulanditsatsala kwa dziko la Amazon.

United Kingdom

Kutsatira Breit, UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) imasunga ulamuliro wake wauyang'aniro, makamaka wogwirizana ndi bungwe la EU lotseguka / lokhala ndi pulogalamu yotsimikizirika koma ndi masinthidwe a dziko. Drone ndi Model Aircraft Code [[FLD:1] yolamulira ndege zonse. Oyendetsa ayenera kulembetsa ndi CAA ndi kuchita mayeso aufulu a pa Intaneti. Ogulitsa amalonda amafunikira zikalata zowonjezereka malinga ndi malo a ntchito. UK wakhazikitsanso malo owopsa kuzungulira mabwalo a ndege, ndende, ndi nyumba za boma. Mapolisi ali ndi mphamvu zolamulira kuti agwire, ndi kulanda, ndi kupempha ma dazi okayikira malamulo oswedwa.

Mayiko a ku Asia: Japan, Singapore, ndi Australia

Ku Japan, Civil Aviation Bureau imalamulira ndege za magetsi. Chivomerezo nchofunika kuti ndege ziyende m’madera okhala anthu ambiri, pafupi ndi bwalo la ndege, kuposa mamita 150, kapena usiku. Malamulo a chinsinsi a Japan ndi Derone Act (amene anatsirizidwa mu 2021) amaika faindi yolemera kaamba ka ndege zosaloledwa pa malo otetezeka.

Singapore Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) imayendetsa dongosolo lopatsirana. Ma drone onse ayenera kulembetsedwa. Oyendetsa amafunikira Kalasi 1 (basilic) kapena Laisensi 2 (yosankhidwa). Kuphunzitsa ndi mayeso a pa Intaneti n’kofunika. Ndege zimaletsedwa m’madera ambiri a m’matauni ngati simunaloledwe mwachindunji.

COSA imatchedwa Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) imasiyanitsa pakati pa malonda (RePL/ReOC) ndi ntchito za zosangulutsa. COSA imadziŵika chifukwa cha mkhalidwe wake wololera BVLOS ndi mikhalidwe yake Zochita Zosagwirizana ndi Opaleshoni [1] zimene zimalola kugwira ntchito pa anthu pansi pa mikhalidwe ina. Australia ilinso ndi malamulo amphamvu otsatiridwa ndi Ofesi ya Unduna wa Chidziŵitso cha Australia (OIC) imene imagwira ntchito pa drone.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Ndiponso Malangizo Olimbikitsa

Pamene luso la zopangapanga lakukula, mabungwe a malamulo amayang’anizana ndi zocholoŵana zatsopano zimene zimafuna kusintha kopambanitsa ndipo nthaŵi zina kopambanitsa ku malamulo amene alipo.

Njira Zopinga ndi Zotetezera

Drones amabweretsa maupandu pamene agwiritsiridwa ntchito kulanda malonda m'ndende, kuyang'anira malo ovuta, kapena kunyamula mabomba. Poyankha, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo opatsa lamulo ndi oyendetsa zinthu zowopsya kuti apereke Uas (UAS) tekinoloji, kuphatikizapo kutseka, kutsekera, kutsekera khoka, ndi kutsekereza kwa khomo. [US] FLT:2] Kuletsa Ziopsezo ya 2018] ya Dipatimenti ya Chisungiko cha Kumudzi ndi Department of Home ndi Department of Department of shoptting to shopt . Komabe, Cja a Kja afunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mosamalitsa mosamalitsa malamulo oletsa kapena kuyendetsa malamulo (malamulo) ndi ufulu wa wailesi wosaloledwa ndi wosalowera.

Kuloŵa m’Muyalo: Kuyendetsa Gawo Kopanda Anthu (UTM)

Chimodzi cha mavuto aakulu ndi kuphatikiza mavolyumu apamwamba a drones ku mlengalenga amene akhalapo kale ndi ndege. Magule akuyendetsa motsatira dongosolo la galimoto (UTM) ndi EA’SP ndi kuyendetsa kwa mwamsanga. Dongosolo la m'tsogolo la UTM lidzafuna malamulo ogwirizanitsa anthu, kugwirizanitsa, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kutsimikizira kwa onse. Chipangizochi ndi pulogalamu ya UTM (UP) ndi EA’s UPACISC ndi kuyendetsa zinthu kwa maulamuliro a UPAce, ndi boma lakwawo.

Kugwirizanitsa Mitundu Yonse

Drone samalemekeza malire, ndipo malamulo adziko otsutsana amapanga malire a ntchito zowoloka ndi malire . Amalingalira za drone yopereka maphukusi kuchokera ku France kupita ku Germany. Internationalwitchn Civivial Aviation Organization (ICAO). Komabe, kukwaniritsa kumakhala kwaufulu. Mapangano a UAS Advisory Group ndi ku Canada kuli kutsutsa kwa njira yogwirizana. Kulimbana ndi njira zachinsinsi, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a chitetezo, ndi kukwaniritsa malamulo osayenerera.

Malamulo Amtsogolo

Malamulo osintha zinthu ayamba kale kupangidwa chifukwa cha luso la zopangapanga ndiponso malonda amene akufunika.

Kuposa Malo Oonera Amodzi (BVLOS)

. Komabe, malamulo ambiri amakono amafuna VLOS chifukwa cha nkhaŵa za kutetezeka kwa ngozi ndi njira zosokonekera. Oyendetsa ndege tsopano akuyambitsa malamulo ogwirizana ndi ntchito amene amachititsa BVLOS kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera, kuyang'anira makompyuta, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendera. AFUZI akhazikitsa Komiti ya BVLOS yopanga malamulo a BVLOS m'gulu lapadera. ASA afalitsa njira zovomerezera kuti avomerezere ngati oyendetsa ndege asonyeza kutetezeka kofanana mwa kuzindikira ndi kusafuna zimveketsa, kulankhulana kwabwino, ndi kulinganiza bwino.

Kudziyendera ndi Kupanga Majeremusi

Makina odziimira okha a kuuluka . popanda kuloŵerera kwa anthu. Kufunsa mafunso aakulu a zamalamulo okhudza vuto, kutsekereza mapulogalamu, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndege. Mabungwe amakono akuganiza kuti woyendetsa ndege wathayo ndiye amene ali ndi udindo. Monga kuyendera bwino kwa makampani a boma, mabungwe a boma adzafunikira kusankha amene ali ndi mlandu pamene chiombo chodzilamulira chivulazo: wokonza, woyendetsa, kapena woyendetsa mapulogalamu. Maboma a ndawala, zifuno za inshuwalansi, ndi malamulo otetezera a EUC [FLT:] Aficity Act imaphatikizapo makonzedwe amene amawononga malo ojambula zinthu za m'mlengalenga, kuika m'makompyuta monga makompyuta apamwamba a progalamu a formair progalamu yokhudza kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima.

Masanje Okhala ndi Mafuleji Opangidwa ndi Malamulo

Mmalo mochedwetsa kuyambitsidwa kwa zinthu, mabungwe ambiri tsopano amapereka “mabokisi" opatula kwakanthaŵi kuchokera ku malamulo a ndandanda kuyesa malingaliro atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, FAA’S UAS Integuaution Program (IP) yolola kuti kutumiza ziyeso m’mizinda yambiri ya US. ESA’S PATH Digital [ kulimbikitsa kuyambika kwa njira zatsopano pamene ikukula. Mayeso otero amalola malamulo kusonkhanitsa chidziŵitso ndi kukonza malamulo asanafike pa kusintha kwachikhalire. Amathandizanso mabizinesi ndi mapulogalamu ang'ono oyendera popanda kuletsa.

Kumaliza

Malamulo a bungwe la opaleshoni ndi magalimoto a m’ndege asintha kuchokera ku ntchito yopanga malamulo otsalirapo kuimbidwa kukhala chilango chochititsa chidwi, chodalira pa kusamala chitetezo, zachinsinsi, ndi mwaŵi wa zachuma. Mabungwe opanga malamulo kuzungulira dziko lapansi(kuchokera ku FAA ku United States ku EASA ku Ulaya, ndi kuchokera ku Transport Canada ku Office Covil Aviation Bureaual . Akupitirizabe kulinganiza maluso awo monga malamulo a zamakono. Chizoloŵezi chachikulu ndicho kusinthira ku malamulo ogwirizana ndi ntchito, mayiko onse, ndi madongosolo a galimoto omwe angasamagwire ntchito m'tsogolo. Lamulo lopambana silidzaletsa ntchito koma lidzapereka malo odziŵika bwino, malo okhala ndi malo omwe angayendere bwino. Opanga malamulo, ndi opanga malamulo akugwira ntchito pamodzi kuti athandize kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, funsani FAA DRONESONE ([FLT: 0] Faadrone Onion. Faya.gov ), EASA’’’literal ([[FLT:]2]. Kapena. [FLT] , FORT , Thurts Canada’s drone .canada.] , ndi ICAAAAS , ([FLT:]'ACTT.'tt.[FL:]]