Maulamuliro a Malonda Ogwirizana ndi Lamulo la Lamulo

Kachitidwe kalikonse ka malonda a mitundu yonse kazikidwa pa malamulo ake alamulo kapena alamulo, kumene kumapatsa malamulo apadera a malonda ku nyumba ya malamulo. Ku United States, Chigawo 8 cha Malamulo amapereka mphamvu “kuyang'anira malonda ndi mitundu ina.. Dokotala ameneyu, pamodzi ndi mphamvu yokhazikitsa malamulo ndi ntchito, kupangitsa Nyumba za Malamulo za U.S. Malamulo a malonda kukhala lamulo lalikulu. Khoti lalikulu la U.S. lachirikiza mosalekeza ulamuliro waukulu pa malonda achilendo, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya nthambi ya kuika zigamu zatsopano kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo a malonda popanda chilolezo pakati pa maiko alamulo a boma. Mofananamo, mu Ufumu wa United States, nyumba ya malamulo a boma la boma la boma la boma la boma la United, limapereka chivomerezo chimodzi kuwonjezera lamulo lofunikira. Chipangano cha U. Chilamulo cha U. Chilamulo cha U. Chilamulo cha UKK, chimathandiza kukhazikitsanso malamulo a boma audindo audindo apadziko lonse audindo a boma audindo audindo aunyinyike, mogwirizana ndi malamulo audindo aunyinyinyinyinyinyike aunyi, aunyinyinyinyi

Malamulo Okhudza Mapangano a Zamalonda

Kulankhulana ndi Ulamuliro Waukulu

Mapangano a malonda amatsogozedwa ndi nthambi yaikulu — Pulezidenti, Nduna ya Malamulo, kapena bungwe la European Commission — imene ili ndi chuma cha mayiko ndi kulolerana ndi mayiko akunja. Komabe, makhonsati a malamulo samakhala pambali pa mapangano. ku United States, Nyumba za Malamulo zingapereke Trade Commitionition Authority Authority (TPA), nthaŵi zambiri zimene zimatchedwa “kufulumira," zimene zimalola Pulezidenti kukambirana za malonda amene Congresstion angavomereze kapena kukana koma satha kutha kutha. TPA, yoyambitsidwa posachedwapa mu 2015, imakhazikitsa zolinga zambiri ndipo imafuna kukambirana ndi komiti za mabungwe a za bungwe la TPA. Popanda kuyendetsa mapangano, mapangano aakulu kwambiri otengedwa m'malamulo a boma, monga momwe zinachitikira ndi kuteteza ndalama zoperekedwa mu 2016. M'boma la United States, Active Active 202 akuyamba kukhazikitsa mapangano a boma oyendetsedwa kwa boma, operekedwa kwa mapangano operekedwa kwa makampani operekedwa kwa mayene, ndipo operekedwa kwa mayene o

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Malonda ndi Kugwiritsira Ntchito

Pangano la zamalonda likasainidwa, mabwalo a malamulo padziko lonse amaloŵa m'kumanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwapanyumba. Apa m'pamene mphamvu ya malamulo imaonekera kwambiri. M'dziko la United States, mapangano a malonda amaonedwa monga mapangano a akuluakulu oyendetsa ntchito, ndi mavoti owonjezera mavoti a ntchito ndi miyezo ya malo okhala. USMCA (United States-Canada Revention ,) yomwe inaloŵa mmalo mwa NaFTA, yokhudzana ndi njira ya miyezi ya kumvetsera, ndi kuvomerezana komaliza mu 202020. Nyumba ya Oimira ntchito yowonjezera pa malamulo a ntchito ndi malamulo a malo, ndi nyumba ya malamulo a boma ikhoza kukhazikitsa chigamulo cha Atlantictic , ngakhale kuti boma lisanaloledwe ku Atlantictic, kuvomereza kwa EUUS CETA kochitidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi boma la dziko la United States, lomwe likutsatira lamulo la chivoti cha ufulu m'dziko la chivoti Belgium cha chivoti 2016 chivoti 2016 chivoti 2016, chivomerezo chisanafike chipangano chipangano chipangano cha ulamuliro cha

Mmene Malamulo Amathandizira Zida za Malonda

Ntchito ya Usilikali ndi Miyambo

Malamulo adakali limodzi la ziŵiya zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito kusonkhezera malonda. M'nthaŵi yakale, Nyumba ya Malamulo yakhazikitsa mlingo wa malamulo, koma yapereka ulamuliro wokwanira kwa Pulezidenti pansi pa malamulo onga Trade Act ya 1974 (Kuchotsa 301 pa machitachita osayenera a malonda), TradeFreation Act ya 1962 (Kupereka Chikalata cha Unduna wa Ufulu wa Zachuma 232 kaamba ka chitetezo cha dziko), ndipo magulu ameneŵa alola nduna za Economic Enertenstein Powerment Mail Act kukhazikitsa mofulumira, koma Nyumba za Malamulo zimasunga mphamvu ya kuchotsa ntchito za prezidenti mwa kupitirira malamulo — kupenda kosachitika kaŵirikaŵiri chifukwa cha kuukira kwa ndale zadziko. Komabe, kugonjera kwa lamulo la boma kungatsogolera ku zigamu za boma pansi pa zitsutso ndi ziwolo zochirikiza malamulo za boma la Ulaya zopereka malamulo operekedwa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo operekedwa ndi zikalata zovomerezedwa ndi zigamu za boma zopereka malamulo zowonjezereka za boma zowonjezereka za boma zowonjezereka za boma zogwirizana zowonjezereka za boma zowonjezereka.

Zopinga Zopanda Udindo ndi Miyezo

Malamulo amapanganso malonda osakhala ausilikali ku madoko opangidwa ndi dziko la America, masitepe aukhondo ndi opanga zinthu, ndi malamulo a zaumisiri. Mwachitsanzo, Jones. Act (Mzinda wa Marine Marine wa 1920) imafuna zinthu zotumizidwa pakati pa U.S. madoko onyamula zotengera ku America, zokhala ndi zotengera za America, ndi za ku America zokhala ndi malo otetezeka. Lamuloli limayambukira kwambiri ndalama zoyendera zoyendera katundu ndi njira za malonda, ndipo limagwira ntchito monga chopinga chosatsa malonda cha kuntchito zachilendo. Ngakhale kuti kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa kukonzanso, Nyumba za Malamulo za ku Meno za kutetezera malamulo chifukwa cha kuchirikiza kwambiri maukwati a panyanja ndi makampani a ndege. Momwemonso, UK imakhazikitsa malamulo otetezera zakudya ndi oyendetsa zinthu za m'dziko la United States, ndipo malamulo aakuluwo akhoza kuyendetsa malamulo a kuwonjezera malamulo a ku Ulaya ndi kuyendetsa malamulo a ku madera a ku madera a ku Ulaya.

Zovala Zoyera ndi Maulamuliro Otumiza Kunja

Malamulo ali maziko a kukhazikitsa ziletso zachuma ndi kutumiza kumaiko ena, zimene zimapanga malonda apadziko lonse. Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United States imakhazikitsa malamulo onga Iran Sanctions Act ndi Counting America of Sanict Act (CATATSA), imene imalamulira mapwirikiti a maiko akunja ochita mabizinesi ovomerezedwa ndi maiko ena. Malamulo ameneŵa amapereka ufulu wapamwamba ku kuchepetsa kapena kukakamiza zilolezo, koma bungwe lapachaka la Iran Sanctions Active Active Act (UK), Sanctions ndi Antipansial Act 2018 Act (Act) imene boma la Lault Act 2018 limalola maulamuliro a boma operekedwa ndi kuperekedwa ndi ziŵiyalo zolamulira zamakono, zimene zimavomerezedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe lankhondo la EUS EUS . Nyumba za E. Imodzi ya EUS Auniverse Aunition ya mayiko akupereka zilamu zolamulira mphamvu za ulamuliro ku U. I. I. I. I. I. pachaka chakukhazikitsa za E.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Kukhudza Malamulo pa Mapangano Aakulu a Zamalonda

NAFTA to USMCA: Congress Congressional Reving of North America Trade

Chikalata choyambirira cha North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), chomwe chinasainidwa mu 1992 ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe la United States Congress, chinali chitsanzo cha mphamvu yalamulo youmba malonda. Nyumba zina zinachita mapangano aukali, kutsutsana za ntchito ndi malo ozungulira, ndipo pomalizira pake zinapereka malamulo okonza zinthu zimene zinakhudzana ndi kulola ntchito ndi zinthu zina zanzeru. Ntchito yosintha ya ku North America ya zopereka ndalama. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, pamene ulamuliro wa Trump anakhazikitsanso NAFTA m'malamulo a USMA, Congress anachitanso mbali yotsimikizirika. Nyumba Democrates, imene inasunga malamulo aakulu a ntchito mu 2019, inalimbikira kukhazikitsa malamulo oyendetsera ntchito zolimba, kuphatikizapo mafakitale a ku Mexico ndi miyezo yowonjezereka ya ndalama za kuchuluka ya malonda a za galimoto. Rebercan Republics Republics Republics , malamulo omalizira a U. ASC imasonyezanso malamulo a malonda a malonda a malonda a malonda a kampani a U.

UK’S Trade Act 2021: Post-Br Exit Legislative Foundations

Pambuyo pa kuchoka ku European Union, United Kingdom inafunikira kukhazikitsa lamulo lakelake la malonda. Trade Act 2021 inali galimoto yaikulu yopanga malamulo, inaperekedwa pambuyo pa mkangano waukulu wa palamende. Makonzedwe apadera anaphatikizapo: kukhazikitsa Trade Remedies Authority kuti afufuze machitidwe otaya ndi ochepera; kufunitsa boma kufalitsa lipoti lisanaloŵe m'nkhani za malonda; kupanga njira yofufuzira za mapangano aufulu a boma (osati kuvota malemba omalizira); ndi kutheketsa UK kutsegulira malonda a EUC kumaiko achitatu. Chipanganocho chinali chosinthika mkati mwake cha malamulo a nyumba ya Ambuye: Nyumba ya Ambuye yoika zifunsitso kaamba ka ufulu wa anthu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kuti zigwirizane ndi malonda a m'tsogolo. Bomalo linavomereza kuyang'anira malonda, likusonyeza kuti malonda a m'malamulo a m'dziko la Australia, ndi malamulo otsatsa malonda otsa malonda otsa malonda ndi kufalitsa ndi kufalitsa nkhani za pepala lakusintha ndi kufalitsa kotsatira. Chipangano chakufalitsa madera chaku

CETA: Nyumba za Malamulo za M’chigawo cha EU zitatsala pang’ono kuletsa ntchitoyi

Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) pakati pa European Union ndi Canada, adasainidwa mu 2016, inali ntchito yapadera imene inayang'anizana ndi njira yapadera ya malamulo. Pambuyo pa Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Ulaya yovomerezedwa ndi CETA mu 2017, pangano lofunikira kumangidwa ndi maboma a EU amodzi amodzi. Malamulo a boma a boma anafunanso kuvota — makamaka Nyumba ya Hallomyunicale ya Wallonia (chigawo cha Belgium chokhala ndi anthu 3.6 miliyoni) imene poyamba inakana kuvomereza panganolo. Nyumba ya Wallon inasonyezabe mmene mapangano a zamalonda (kuphatikizapo kukambirana kwa za ndalama) ndi miyezo yaulimi. Pambuyo pa kukambirana kwakukulu, Belgium ndi EUUSTA inawonjezera chipangizonero chothandiza kulongosola kuti anthu osagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa EURO. Pomaliza pake, mphamvu za ulamuliro wa bungwe la CETA sikuna kuwonjezera mphamvu za ulamuliro za ulamuliro wa dziko (kugwirizana ndi ku Ulaya, pamene kuli kuvomerezanso kwa anthu ena, kuvomereza kogwirizana kosiyana kwa mayiko.

Kusagwirizana Pakati pa Kulamulira ndi Kusintha kwa Uyang’aniro

Malamulo ayenera kulinganiza kufunika kwa uyang'aniro ndi kufunika kwa mkulu wa ntchito m'kukambitsirana kwa mitundu yonse. Kulamulira kwakukulu kwa malamulo kungachedwe kapena kuletsa mapangano opindulitsa a malonda; kulephera kwambiri kuchepetsa kuŵerengera kwa demokrase. Kutsutsana kumeneku kumaoneka mu U.Tradenti Promotionion Authority Authority (TPA). Ochirikiza atsutsa kuti imapangitsa woyang'anirayo kukambitsirana motsimikizirika kukambitsirana ndi mapangano odalirika ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zonse, ndipo imathandizanso mapangano a m'makampani a US, ndipo imangogwirizana ndi mapangano a kampani a madera a nyukipo ndi makampani a madera ena ogwirizana ndi mayiko ena onse. Pamene kuli komaliza, mapangano a U. Ogwirizana ogwirizanawo amapanga malamulo a U. Ogwirizana ndi malamulo a ufulu a madera ena a madera ambiri a boma a madera ambiri a madera osiyanasiyana a madera osiyanasiyana a m’dziko lapansi amachenjeza kuti, pamene kuli kulephera kwa mapangano a boma a madera a madera a madera a madera a madera a madera ena a madera a m

Malamulo Ophatikizana Malamulo m’Malonda ndi Kulamulira kwa Makompyuta

Pamene malonda apadziko lonse akuwonjezereka pa Intaneti, mabwalo a malamulo akukhazikitsa maulamuliro atsopano pa malamulo a zamalonda. Bungwe la United States lalingalira kuti pakhale mapepala ambiri oletsa kudutsa kwa midango ya makompyuta, maatmolism, ndi malo apamwamba — zonsezo zili ndi matanthauzo a malonda. Develoption Act 2018 ndi malingana ndi malingana a UK's Data Reform Bill a kusintha mmene UK amasinthira mmene mapangano a zamalonda. Pamene makampani a UK akuyendera malamulo a malonda amene akuchirikiza mapangano a malonda. Makampaniwo tsopano amalimbikitsa magawo a malonda a GDPR, koma bungwe la Ulaya la Ulaya lavomereza kuti atsate njira za malonda, monga mmene bungwe la European Commission imagwiritsira ntchito njira zotetezera za kuteteza zinthu zimene mayiko achitatu angalandire. Ngati mayiko agwirizana ndi njira zina zamalonda, ngati agwirizana mwamsanga ku Ulaya, mfundo za bungwe la United States zikugwirizana kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a U.

Kumaliza: Udindo Wokhalitsa wa Mphamvu ya Malamulo

Malamulo adakalibe mphamvu yokhazikitsa malamulo a malonda a dziko lonse. Kuyambira pa kugawiridwa kwa lamulo kwa akuluakulu a boma kufikira pa kuikidwa kwakukulu kwa mapangano a malonda onse, makhonsati amakhazikitsa malamulo a malonda a dziko lonse. Nkhani ya NAFTA/USMCA, UK Trade Act 2021, ndi EUCETA imasonyeza kuti ngakhale pamene akuluakulu a boma akambirana, malamulo a boma akonza zotsatira zomalizira — nthaŵi zina kufikira pamlingo wotsekereza kapena kulinganizanso kwambiri mapangano a malonda. Kulengedwa kwa tariffric ndi mipatuko yosakhala yalamulo, kuikidwa kwa zigamu zamalonda, ndi malamulo a zamakono a malonda kuchokera ku ntchito zonse zoyendetsedwa. Mapangano a malondawo samakhudza kwambiri malamulo a boma, kutetezera malo, ndi kusungidwa kwa zachinsinsi, nthaŵi zina zachinsinsi, nthaŵi zinanso kuyenera kukhala kofala kwa Ophunzira a mayiko ambiri. Chifukwa cha malamulo andale zadziko adziko lonse, iwo sasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha malamulo a boma a boma chifukwa cha malamulo apadziko lonse.

[[ML:0] Zilozero za External:[[Kusintha:1]