Mphamvu ya Mapale Opanda Ogwirizana m’Zosankha Zawo

Makomiti a ndale zadziko (PAC) akhala opangidwa kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi makina a ndawala a ku America, koma chisonkhezero chawo kaŵirikaŵiri chimadziŵika kwambiri . ndipo chimamvedwa bwino kwambiri . Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu onse amayang'ana pa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zowonongedwa m'makampani a pulezidenti kapena a bungwe la zandale, bungwe la sukulu, bungwe la mizinda, ndi mipikisano ya boma imapangidwa ndi makina a zachuma omwewo. Pakati pa oseŵera ambiri omenyana ndi mabwalo aang'ono ameneŵa ndi osagwirizana ndi ma PC: mabungwe amene amakweza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira kapena kutsutsa popanda chikalata chilichonse chachitsogoleli, chipani, kapena chipani cha boma. Chifukwa chakuti masankhoti a boma akugwira ntchito ndi ndalama zochepa, kulipira ndalama kwapadera kwapadera kwa PC kungasinthe kwambiri. Kuzindikira mmene mabungwe ameneŵa amachitira, ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo, ndi kukhudzidwa kwa aliyense m'dziko.

Kufotokoza Mapale Opanda Ogwirizana

Pansi pa lamulo la chisankho la boma, PACI amaikidwa monga yolumikizidwa ndi gulu la makolo, kapena n’kuwonjezera pa nyukiliya yokha. PaC imagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi bungwe, mgwirizano wa antchito, bungwe la malonda, kapena chipani cha ndale zadziko. Ndalama zake kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphimbidwa ndi gulu la kholo, ndipo ndalama zake za misonkhoma yake zimalekezedwa ku dziŵe la opereka. Mosiyana ndi, PC ndi pulogalamu yosagwirizana ndi: palibe kampani kapena chuma chopereka chapamwamba, ndipo chikhoza kupempha zopereka kuchokera kwa anthu onse. [PFF]

Kudziimira Paokha Pawokha Patinafunika Kudziimira Pawokha

Chisonyezero chodziŵikitsa cha PACI ndi kusoŵeka kwake kwaubale kwa wobatizidwa aliyense kapena komiti ya chipani. Ufulu umenewu uli ndi ziyambukiro zofunika zalamulo. Pansi pa Federal Econstruction Campaign Act, ma PC osagwirizanitsidwa amaletsedwa kotheratu kulinganiza ndalama zawo ndi ndawala za oyembekezera. Kulankhulana kulikonse, njira iliyonse, kugawana, kapena ngakhale chitsogozo chamwamwaŵi pakati pa PC ndi wofunsira kugawa, kutembenuza zowonongedwa za PACIPC m'mbali zina kukhala zopanda lamulo. Makoma amoto ameneŵa amasungidwa kusiyanitsa pakati pa ndawala ya ndawala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zaumwini, ngakhale kuti kukakamiza kukhoza kukhala kovuta.

Kupanga Zinthu Motsatira Magulu a Anthu Ofuna Kusangalatsa ndi Magulu Ophunzitsa Maluwa

Ma PAC osakhala ogwirizanitsidwa amachokera ku mitundu yambiri ya akanema a ndale zadziko. Ena amapangidwa ndi mabungwe a kutembenuza oikidwa pamaphunziro, nyumba zotchipa, chitetezo cha malo okhala, kapena ufulu wa mfuti. Ena amapangidwa ndi migwirizano ya udzu imene imatuluka m'nkhani ya kumaloko . Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa malo kapena maphunziro a sukulu. Chifukwa chakuti iwo samayang'ana ku bungwe limodzi kapena mgwirizano, APAC ameneŵa angasonyeze zofunika za chigawo chachikulu. Komabe, iwo amadaliranso kwambiri pa zopereka za dzuŵa laling'ono la dzuŵa ndipo akhoza kufooka kwambiri kuposa kutopa kogwirizanitsidwa ndi ma PAC.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zolimbikitsa

Ndawala za PACI zopanda kugwirizana zakumaloko makamaka mwa zowonongedwa zaumwini . Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimene sizigwirizana ndi munthu aliyense wobatizidwa ndi zimene zimachirikiza kwambiri kusankhidwa kapena kugonjetsedwa kwa wobatizidwa. Ndalama zimenezi sizikudalira pa malire a zopereka zimene zimayendera zopereka zenizeni, kutanthauza kuti ndalama zoyendetsedwa bwino zingathire zikwi mazana ambiri za madola m’liŵiro limodzi la dzikolo. Pamlingo wa boma, pamene ma bajeti a olembetsa angasiyane ndi madola zikwi zingapo kufikira ku zikwi mazana angapo, kugula koteroko kungalamulira makambitsiranowo.

Malonda Odziimira: Otsatsa malonda ndi Otumiza Makalata

Zida zowoneka kwambiri za kulinganiza kwa wailesi ndi mawailesi, makalata, ndi kutsatsa malonda a wailesi. PaC yosagwirizana ndi makampani angayendetse mpambo wa malonda otsutsa kusankhidwa kwa munthu wovuta pa kutetezereka kwa anthu kapena kutamanda woyesayo chiyambi cha anthu. Chifukwa chakuti kutsatsa malonda ameneŵa sikunachokere ku mkupiti walamulo wa wofuna kubatizidwayo, iwo nthaŵi zina angagwiritsire ntchito mawu ochenjera kapena mikhalidwe yaumwini m’njira zimene wofunsirayo angapeŵere. Chigamu chachikulu cha khoti mu [[FLT: 0] Chimanzere cha United. FFEC [FLT:] (20) (20) amatsegula khomo kaamba ka kugwiritsa ntchito makampani ndi makampani ndi masulo, koma osagwirizana oyendera limodzi, pamene chikupindulabe pa zopereka zopereka zowoloza pa malo odzikulu.

Kambiranani za kulephera kuyendetsa bwino ntchito.

Si onse owonongera ndalama zosakhala ogwirizanitsidwa amalingaliridwa kukhala odzifunira. Ntchito zina zimaikidwa mwalamulo monga nkhani ya kufalitsa , "malamulo amene amachirikiza malo andale ofala popanda kugwiritsira ntchito “mawu ozizwitsa” monga“ weruza,” kapena “daeat. . Kutsatsa malonda kwa makope kungatchule ofunsira kutsata mapepala awo kapena malamulo, malinga ngati malondawo saitana molunjika kaamba ka chotulukapo chapadera cha . Malo oyera ameneŵa amalola PACIPUC kusonkhezera malingaliro a voti popanda kuulutsa ziyenero zonse m'mayiko ena. Kusiyana pakati pa nkhani ndi nkhani yonena za kugamula, ndi magulu ofanana ndi [FL: 0] CIG.

Njira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo za Makompyuta

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ma PAC amene sanalumikizidwe apita kwambiri ku mapulatifomu a makompyuta kuti apeze mphamvu. Facebook, Instagram, Google, ndi mautumiki ena okonzedwa amalola kuti anthu a pa CC akhale ndi anthu ofunikira kwambiri m'chigawo chakwawo cha /_nyumba, makolo a ana a sukulu, kapena mamembala a maukwati, mwachitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri kutsatsa malonda a makompyuta ameneŵa kumachitika mwa kusatsatsa malonda amwa, ndipo angasinthidwe mofulumira pofufuza chidziŵitso cha uthenga. Kuwonjezera apo, PC angapereke ndalama zongowonjezera uthenga wa uthenga, polanda, ndi kugwirizanitsa ziwiritsira za anthu. Kutsika kwa ndalama za magetsi kutanthauza kuti ngakhale PC ndi ndalama zochepetsetsa ndalama za kuulutsa ndalama kungasinthe zinthu m'dziko.

Chiyambukiro pa Mkupiti wa Zandale Zakumaloko

Chisonkhezero cha APAC osalumikizidwa pa masankho a kumaloko nchachikulu, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri chimanyalanyazidwa. M'mafuko kumene wovota ali wotsika ndipo kudziŵika kwa dzina kuli kochepa, ndalama zowonongedwa bwino zingatsimikizire zotsatira. Ndiponso, chifukwa chakuti kufalitsa kwa nyuzi za kumaloko kuli kochepa, mauthenga ofalitsidwa ndi APAC angakhale magwero aakulu a chidziŵitso kwa ovota ambiri.

Kusintha Maganizo

Chimodzi cha ziyambukiro zazikulu za kugula zinthu zosakhala zogwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhoza kwake kusintha malingaliro a wovota. Mauthenga a foni kapena kusatsa malonda a foni amene nthaŵi zonse amagwirizanitsa wofunsirayo ndi malo osadziŵika bwino / kapena kuwonongeka ndi gulu lotsutsana ndi gulu lachilendo . Kuwonongeka kwa mbiri ya wofuna kusakhala wokhoza kukonzedwa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, PC imapanga kutsatsa malonda olimbikitsa kuvomereza kapena kukwaniritsa kwa wofunsirayo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake zopereŵera. Mphamvu imeneyi ili yamphamvu makamaka m'masankho a gulu lapachipani kumene kulibe mapepala; filimu ya PC imakhala yothandiza kwambiri kuvota.

Kusintha Mkupiti Kukuthandiza Kwambiri

Pamene PC yosalumidwa iloŵa m'fuko lakwawo, imasintha mmene oyembekezera kulowa ndi mpikisano wawo amachitira. Otsatsa malonda angakakamize kukonza mauthenga awo kuti apeŵe kuukira PC kapena kuchonderera kwa woperekayo. Mkupiti ungasinthenso njira zawo zotsatsira malonda poyankha pofuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, nthaŵi zina kutulutsa malonda kuchokera ku njira imene amailingalira kukhala yodzaza ndi mauthenga a PAC. Kuwonjezerapo, kukhalapo kwa PC kukhoza kupanga fuko la zida: ngati munthu wina wantchitoyo apindula ndi ndalama zowonongedwa ndi PACI, ochirikiza ena angamve kuti asonkhetse kapena asonkhe PC wopikisana. Mkupikiti umenewu ungakulitse ndalama ngakhale m'malemba lapansi amene ali otsika.

Kuphunzira Nkhani: Kusankha Boma la Sukulu Yakumaloko

Talingalirani chitsanzo chongoyerekezera koma chenicheni: bungwe la sukulu la m'mudzi wapakati pa anthu aŵiri oyembekezera kulowa m'malo amodzi. Wobatizidwa mmodzi, wochirikizidwa ndi bungwe la aphunzitsi, ali ndi malingaliro oyenera pa kusintha masukulu. Wina, wochirikizidwa ndi gulu la makolo odera nkhaŵa za “nthanthi yofufuza, . PACI yopangidwa ndi gulu la anthu a m'dzikolo logwirizana lokhala ndi mpando umodzi. Gulu lochepera la olemba makalata ndi malonda a foni limawononga $400,000 pa makampani a foni ndi a foni kuukirana kwa woloŵa m'banja kukhala “kukhudza makolo. Wofuna mwiniyo ali kokha $5,000. PaC akuwononga moŵirikiza kaŵiri uthenga wa chitsutso. M'gulu lapamwamba losankhidwa loŵerengeka, losankha kupata ndalama zowonjezereka. Opambanawologawa ndalama za kuwona.

Mapindu ndi Mavuto

Mapale osalumikizidwa amapereka mapindu owonekera m’malo a ndale zadziko akumaloko, koma amayambitsanso mavuto aakulu amene amayambukira kuŵerengera kwa demokrase.

Kusintha ndi Kufeŵa

Chifukwa chakuti ma PAC osalumikizidwa samalemera ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito ka mkupiti wa wobatizidwa kapena komiti ya chipani, angayende mofulumira. Iwo angatule ndalama zoyankha kuswa mbiri, kutsegula malonda, ndi kutsanulira mauthenga awo monga momwe kufunikira. Kukhoza kumeneku kumawapangitsa kukhala ogwira ntchito kwambiri m'mafuko kumene nkhanizo zimasintha mofulumira kapena pamene mbali imodzi imayesa kulongosola inayo asanayankhe. Kuwonjezerapo, osalumikizidwa ndi njira yolankhulira ya wofunsirayo, zimene nthaŵi zina zingakhale zosamala kapena zosumika maganizo pa zochitika zazing'ono.

Kusoŵa kwa Kuona Malo Moŵa

Chitokoso chachikulu chogwirizana ndi ma PAC ndi kulephera kwa ndalama zimene amapanga. Pamene kuli kwakuti a boma A PAC ayenera kuulula operekawo ku FEC, malamulo ambiri a boma ndi a kumaloko ngochepa. Maboma ena amalola kuti anthu alandire zopereka zochokera ku ma- “ndalama zachinsinsi” zinthu zimene sizimafuna kuvumbula opereka ndalama zawo. Ngakhale pamene pakufunika kukonza, chidziŵitsocho chingasungidwe milungu kapena miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa chisankho, kupatsa vote kuti adziŵe amene akupereka malondawo amene amaona pakhomo. Kusoŵa kumeneku kwa kuonekera kwa kumachititsa anthu kudalirana ndi kukopa anthu ena kuti adziwonetse kapena kusapanga kulungamitsa zinthu.

Kuda Nkhaŵa za Kuŵerengera Mlandu

Chifukwa chakuti ma PAC, ngakhale kuli kwakuti sagwirizana ndi osankha, angapange mawu odziwitsa kapena osokeretsa popanda ngozi ya mbiri yofanana ndi imene opitawo amayang'anizana nayo. Wosankha amene amayendetsa mtsuko wonyenga angaikidwe chifukwa cha kuipitsa kapena kuvutika ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito. A PAC, ngakhale kuli tero, angasungunule pambuyo pa kusankhidwa kapena kubwereranso kwa mzera wotsatira, kuthaŵa kuyang'anira. Zimenezi zatsogolera kupempha malamulo amphamvu otetezera kuulutsa ndi malamulo amene angafunikire kuti adziŵitse ndalama zawo zapamwamba. Magulu onga [FLT:] Brennan Center ya Justice [FLT: 1] yalemba mmene mipatu ya kuzungulira kwa mafuko akwanuko.

Ntchito Yotsatira Malamulo ndi Kukhazikitsa Malamulo

Malamulo olamulira ma PAC osagwirizanitsidwa alipo ponse paŵiri m’milingo ya boma ndi boma, ndipo malamulo ophatikizana amapatsa mwaŵi kwa ogwiritsira ntchito makina ocholoŵana kuti adyerepo masuku pamutu kusiyana.

Malamulo a Boma

Pamlingo wa boma, ma PAC osakhala ogwirizanitsidwa amalamulidwa ndi FEC ndipo ayenera kulembetsa atakhala opitirira $1000 m'zopereka kapena zowonongedwa. Iwo amapatsidwa malire a $5,000 pachaka kwa wobatizidwa ndi $15,000 kwa komiti ya chipani. Zowonongedwa za Independent, ngakhale kuli tero, siziri ndi chikalata. Masankho a kumalo amene saloŵetsamo ofunsira a boma, malamulo a boma amagwira ntchito. Maboma ena ali ndi malire okhwima ndi zofunika kuvumbula; ena alibe malamulo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ntchito yosagwirizana ndi boma ya PCAC m'dzikolone ndi malamulo ofooka, ngakhale pang'onong'ono angawononge ndalama zosakwanira pa msonkhano wa mzindawo popanda kuonekera bwino.

Zofunika ndi Mabowo a Chitetezo

Maboma ambiri amafuna kuti paC pasadakhale pandandanda ya malipoti awo operekedwa ndi owonongedwa. Komabe, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa malipoti ameneŵa kumasiyana kwambiri. Maboma ena amalola anthu kulandira zopereka kuchokera ku maLLC kapena mabungwe ena amene saulula kuti ali ndi eni ake opindulitsa kwambiri, kupanga chitseko chimene chimapanga ndalamazo mogwira mtima. M'mayiko ena, PC angapange ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama asanazilembetse, kulola windo lachidule koma lomaliza la mphamvu yosadziŵika.

Kuyerekezera Mapachi Osagwirizanitsidwa ndi Ogwirizanitsidwa

Kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa ma PACI ogwirizana ndi osalumikizidwa ndi ogwirizana nkofunika kwambiri kwa ovota ndi akatswiri a ndawala. Ogwirizana ndi PAC amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi bizinesi, mgwirizano, kapena bungwe la malonda; ali ndi nyumba yopereka ndalama zomangidwa ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amadalira pa ndalama zoperekera ndalama zotsala kapena za kampani (ndi malire). Osagwirizana ndi ma PC, ayenera kupempha ndalama zoperekedwa kwa anthu ndipo amachepetsedwa $5,000 pachaka chilichonse. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimapangitsa kuti anthu osagwirizana ndi APAC owonjezereka adalire pa makampani aang'ono ndi a makampani ogwirizana. Pamene kulibe kukhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma cha makolo awo, PC kungakwanire ndi kuwonjezerapo ndi kuwonjezera nkhani ina yapafupi. M'pa CC, mu ndandanda yosayembekezeredwa ndi kuthamanga kwa bungwe la PC.

Kudziwa Zokhudza M’kutu

Chimodzi cha zitokoso zazikulu m'masankho a kumaloko nchakuti osankha kaŵirikaŵiri samadziŵa amene ali kumbuyo kwa mauthenga amene amalandira. Pamene pepala la makalata limafika ndi dzina longa “Ophunzira Abwino,” ovota ambiri alibe njira yotsimikizira kulondola kwa zonenazo kapena kuyenerera kwa gulu. Ofalitsa nkhani za kumaloko angachite mbali yaikulu mwa kufufuza PC kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusimba za kugwirizana kwa operekawo, PCs, ndi ofunsira. Komabe, ndi kutha kwa magazini a kumaloko, anthu ambiri tsopano alibe mphamvu yopereka lipoti yofunikira kuti ayendere. Nkhani zosapanga makampani ndi ziŵiya zoonekera za pa Intaneti, monga momwe zimasungidwira ndi [FOLD:] deti la Reublespoids, ndi lokhala ndi liŵiro la dziko lonselo, koma iwo sangathe kukwaniritsa mzere wafuku

Kusintha Zinthu M’tsogolo

Ntchito ya ma PALC osakhala ogwirizanitsidwa m'masankho a kumaloko ikhoza kukula pamene malamulo a zachuma akupitirizabe kusinthika. Pambuyo pake Citizens United, unyinji wa ndalama zotayidwa kunja zakwera kwambiri, ndipo ndalama zambiri zakhala zikutsata kumafuko akuno. Zopereka zochepera zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsira ntchito zopereka zachinsinsi, kupangidwa kwa zifuno chimodzi zimene zimasungunulira pambuyo pa chisankho chimodzi, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa luntha la kukonzanso zinthu zazing'ono. Kusintha zinthu kumaphatikizapo kuvumbula kwenikweni, zopereka zochepera zopereka zofunikira pa PC zimene zimathera pa mafuko akwawa, ndi malamulo okhwima kuletsa. Mayi ena ayesa ndi njira za kulinganiza ndi ndalama zogwirizana ndi kulinganiza ndalama za anthu apafupi, zimene zingaperekere chiwonjeze cha kuthandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu kwa kulinganiza kwa kulinganiza kwa chivomerezo.

Kumaliza

APAC ndi amphamvu kwambiri, odziimira okha m'ndale zakumaloko. Kukhoza kwawo kukweza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama popanda kugwirizana mwachindunji ndi oyembekezera kuwapatsa ufulu wochita zinthu, komanso kumadzutsa mafunso aakulu ponena za kuonekera kwa munthu ndi kuyankha mlandu. Chifukwa chakuti masankho a m'deralo amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana madola zikwi zingapo. Kumene kungachititse kuti anthu a ku PCs aziona bwino. Olemba nkhani, ndi okonza malamulo ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ufulu wa maguluwa subwera pamtengo wa democracy. Kumvetsa mmene ndalama zopanda ntchito za PCs zikhoza kusokonezera masitepeto oyamba kuteteza masankhoti a m'dziko omwe amapanga moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.