Kumvetsa Njira Zodziŵira Ubwenzi

Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, okwatirana ofuna kuvomerezedwa mwalamulo ayang’anizana ndi mayanjano awo ogwirizana movuta. Pamene kuli kwakuti ukwati udakali mtundu wodziŵika kwambiri ndi wotetezeredwa koposa, maukwati a boma ndi maukwati a m’banja anawonekera kukhala malo ena alamulo, makamaka panthaŵi pamene kukwatirana kwa kugonana kosagwirizana sikunali konse. Ngakhale kuti kulingana kwa ukwati kwapita patsogolo kwambiri m’madera ambiri, malo ena ameneŵa akupitirizabe kukhalapo ndipo, m’zochitika zina, amapereka mapindu odziŵika bwino kapena kupitirizabe kukhala njira yokha ya mayanjano. Kuzindikira kuyenerera kwalamulo, ndalama, ndi kusiyana kwa kakhalidwe pakati pa maukwati ameneŵa nkofunika kwa aliyense wozindikira unansi, kaya pa zosankha zake, ntchito, kapena kuyendetsa ntchito, kapena kuyendetsa ntchito.

Nkhani ino ikupereka kusanthula kosamalitsa kwa maukwati a boma ndi maunansi a m’banja, kuwayerekezera ndi zoyenera zamwambo. Ilo limakhudza nkhani za mbiri, zitetezero zalamulo, kusungidwa m’madera onse, kukhudzidwa kwa misonkho, zoyenera za makolo, njira zopatulira, ndi zina zowonjezereka. Pofika mapeto, oŵerenga ayenera kukhala ndi chidziŵitso chomvekera bwino cha malo alamulo oyenererana ndi mmene zosankha zimenezi zimasiyanirana ndi boma kapena dziko.

Mbiri Yakale: Chifukwa Chake Kupanga Maukwati a Anthu ndi Mabanja

Maukwati a boma ndi kugwirizana kwa banja sizinayambike popanda lamulo. Iwo anakula kwambiri monga kuchotsa okwatirana a kugonana kwa . Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, ochirikiza ufulu ndi opanga malamulo anakakamiza kuvomerezedwa kwalamulo kaamba ka maunansi ofanana a kugonana, koma ufulu waukwati wokwanira unayang'anizana ndi chitsutso champhamvu cha ndale zadziko ndi chipembedzo. Monga kulolera molakwa, maulamuliro angapo anapanga malo opatulidwa alamulo omwe anapatsa ena kapena ambiri a ufulu wa ukwati popanda kugwiritsira ntchito liwu lakuti “Ukwati."

Denmark inakhala dziko loyamba kuvomerezana ndi maukwati a boma (kugwirizana ndi maukwati a boma) mu 1989. Mu United States, Vermont anayambitsa lamulo loyamba la bungwe la boma mu 2000, ndipo linatsatiridwa ndi mayiko ena. Maukwati a m’banja, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa kuŵerengeredwa, anali kuchitidwa upainiya ndi mizinda ndi maukwati (mphindi, Berkeley, San Francisco) m'ma 1980 ndipo pambuyo pake ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi maboma ena. Maboma ameneŵa analola okwatiranawo kulowa m’chipatala, ufulu wa kulandira choloŵa, ndipo nthaŵi zina boma lakwaniritsira msonkho, koma analephera dala kulowa m’banja.

Pambuyo pa chigamulo cha Obergefell . Hodges mu 2015, chomwe chinaloledwa ndi boma limodzi mu United States, mayiko ambiri anasungabe mgwirizano wawo wa boma ndi malamulo a banja. Mabanja ena amasankhabe malo ameneŵa pa zifukwa zaumwini, za ndalama, kapena zalamulo. M'mayiko ambiri, mayiko ambiri amapitiriza kukhazikitsa maukwati a boma kapena maukwati alamulo monga osiyana ndi ukwati, kaya kwa mabanja amodzi kapena kwa mabanja onse.

Kodi Chigwirizano cha Chiŵeniŵeni Nchiyani?

Mafotokozedwe ndi Mbali za Masamba

Mgwirizano wa boma ndi malo ovomerezedwa mwalamulo amene amapangidwa kupereka ufulu wambiri, ngati si onse, ndi mathayo a ukwati pamlingo wa boma. Maukwati a nzika ali opatukana ndi ukwati, umene ena amawona kukhala kulolera pakati pa kulingana kwa ukwati wonse ndi kusadziŵika konse. Ufulu woperekedwa umasiyana ndi ulamuliro koma kaŵirikaŵiri umaphatikizapo choloŵa, kupanga, kulera, kukhala ndi katundu, ndi mapindu opulumuka.

M’zochitika, mgwirizano wa boma umapangidwa mwa kulembetsa ndi boma (koposa kalaliki wa boma kapena wosunga anthu) ndipo mwina mwina angaphatikizepo mwambo. Mayiko ena amafuna kuikidwa fano, pamene ena amangofuna chikalata chosainidwa. Kuthetsa ukwati wa boma kumatsatira njira yofanana ndi chisudzulo, kuphatikizapo kugawa katundu ndi kuchirikizana.

Kumene Kuli Magwirizano a Chiŵeniŵeni Lerolino

Ku United States, mayiko ambiri adakakhazikitsa maukwati a boma, koma malo akusintha. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la bungwe la boma la New Jersey likupitirizabe, ngakhale kuti mabanja a anthu osakwatirana amodzimodziwo tsopano angakwatire. Colorado analowa m’malo maukwati a boma a anthu onse pambuyo polingana koma akulolabe kuti maukwati akhalepo. Illinois, Rhode Island, ndi Hawaii ali ndi malamulo a boma amene amasungabe mabuku koma tsopano sawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Maukwati a anthu amakhalapo m’mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo France (PACS), Germany (kugwirizana kogwirizana kogwirizana), Switzerland, Greece, ndi mbali zina za Australia. Maboma onse amafotokoza malamulo a ufulu woyenerera, kuchititsa kuti mwamuna ndi mkazi asamamvetsetse malamulo a m’dzikolo.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu M’mayiko Ogwirizana

  • Chosankha chakukonza ndi kuchezera m'chipatala: Antchito angapange zosankha za zaumoyo kwa wina ndi mnzake ndi kuchezera zipatala pamalo oyamba ofanana ndi okwatirana.
  • Ufulu wa chuma ndi chuma: Popanda chikalata, wotsala amaloŵa katundu ndi chuma, zofanana ndi mkazi.
  • mapindu a boma: Maboma ambiri amalola mapangano a boma kaamba ka zifuno za malipiro a msonkho ndi kupereka msonkho wa katundu kwa mabwenzi otsalawo.
  • Mapindu opulumukira: Plansution ndi mapindu a zachisungiko (ngati kuli koyenerera) angapitire kwa wotsalayo.
  • Zoyenera za Parents: M'madera ambiri, mwana wobadwira kwa okwatirana m'chigwirizano cha boma amavomerezedwa mwalamulo monga mwana wa aŵiri onse aŵiri, kufeŵetsa njira zolera.
  • Kuchinjiriza kusweka: Makhoti amayang'anira kugaŵidwa kwa katundu, kuchilikiza, ndi kusunga ana motsatira malamulo ofanana monga chisudzulo.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu M’mayiko Ena Umakhala Usanakwane

  • Kuzindikira kwa Faderal (ku U.S.): [[FLT ] pamene boma tsopano limazindikira maukwati a extensic kuzungulira dziko lonse, silimavomereza kugwirizana kwa boma kaamba ka zifuno zambiri. Zimenezi zingayambukire mapindu a Social Security opulumuka, kuyendetsa ntchito za kusamuka, ndi kusungidwa kwa mapindu a antchito a boma.
  • Kuimira kwa maboma ndi maiko: Mgwirizano wa boma woperekedwa m'boma lina ungaonedwe ngati ukwati, kugwirizana kwa banja, kapena kusachita kalikonse m'boma lina. Chigamulo cha 2013 Windsor ndi chigamulo cha 2015 Oberge will chinafuna kuti aone maukwati ofanana ochitidwa kwina kulikonse, koma sanakakamize kuti avomereze maukwati a boma ochokera ku mayiko ena. Maboma ena akhazikitsa malamulo kuti atembenuze maukwati a anthu kuchokera ku mayiko ena kuti akhale mabanja kapena maukwati, koma zimenezi sizigwirizana.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mapindu a kusuta: Ukwati wokha ndiwo umapereka njira ya ku vhisa la ukwati kapena khadi lachiŵindi kudzera ku U.S. Unigignship Services (USCIS). Maukwati a nzika sayeneretsedwa kaamba ka mapindu a boma a kusamuka.
  • Kusaloledwa kwa chipembedzo kwa ukwati: Malamulo ena a mgwirizano wa boma amanena molunjika kuti ukwatiwo suli ukwati, umene ungayambukire zoyenera za madzoma achipembedzo, kutha kwa ukwati, ndi kukana kwa chikumbumtima m’chisamaliro cha zaumoyo.

Kodi Unansi Wapanyumba Nchiyani?

Mafotokozedwe ndi Kukula

Mabanja ndi njira yosavuta ndiponso yochepa kwambiri yodziŵira ubale. Amagwira ntchito kwa okwatirana amene amakhala pamodzi ndi kukhala pamodzi m’banja limodzi, koma chitetezo chalamulo n’chochepa kwambiri kuposa malamulo a m'maukwati a boma. Malamulo ambiri a m’banja anayambira ku chigawo cha boma kapena boma, ndipo amalola kuti anthu osakwatirana omwe sanalembetsedwe kukwatirana apeze mapindu ena, monga inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo wa mnzawo wa mnzawo kudzera mwa bwana amene ali ndi udindo wake.

Mosiyana ndi maukwati a boma, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amatsatiridwa ndi maukwati, maukwati a m’banja angalinganizidwe kukhala malo olembetsa kapena monga “mapangano olandira munthu wakufayo” amene amandandalika ufulu wachindunji. Maboma ena amalola onse aŵiri okwatirana a ʽsex ndi extsex kulembetsa, pamene ena amaletsa maukwati a m’banja kukhala a anthu a maukwati ofanana okha.

Kumene Kumakhala Maubwenzi Apanyumba

Ku United States, mgwirizano wapanyumba ukuperekedwa ku California (kwa okwatirana a m’banja ovomerezedwa, makamaka kwa okwatirana amene ali ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wofananayo wopitirira 62), Nevada (kwa onse aŵiri . Oregon (mabanja a 88sex okhala ndi malire), ndi Washington (anzake apabanja olembetsedwa). Matauni ambiri, kuphatikizapo New York City, Minneapolis, ndi Denver, amaperekanso maukwati a m'nyumba omwe amapereka mapindu ochepa. Mayiko amagwirizana ndi mayiko ena akunja monga Netherlands (Agegerregleeap), South Africa, ndi mbali zina za United States (kugwirizana kwa Scotland ndi Northern Ireland tsopano ali otsegundana.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu ndi Anthu Ogwirizana

  • Kulipira kwa Heath inshuwalansi: Olemba ntchito ambiri amalola anansi apanyumba kuphiritsidwa pansi pa thanzi la mnzawo, mano, ndi maso, ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama zimadalirana.
  • Kuchezera kwa pabanja ndi zosankha za mankhwala: kaŵirikaŵiri okwatirana ali ndi kuyenera kwa kuchezera mnzawo m’chipatala ndi kupanga zosankha zamankhwala ngati mnzakeyo ali wopunduka, malinga ngati chipangano cholembedwa kapena kulembetsa chalembedwa.
  • Malamulo ena a m'banja amapereka ufulu wokhalira pamodzi, umene umateteza chidwi cha mnzake wotsalayo pa nyumba imodzi.
  • Zoyenera za Parents (zoikizidwa): M’maiko ena, mnzawo wapanyumba wolembetsedwa atha kulera mwana wa mnzake mosavuta, koma zimenezi sizimangokhala chibadwa.

Ufulu Wochita Zinthu ndi Anthu Ogwirizana

  • Ufulu wolandira choloŵa modzifunira: popanda chivomerezo, okwatirana apanyumba samakhala ndi ufulu woloŵa kwa anzawo, mosiyana ndi mnzawo muukwati kapena mnzake wa chigwirizano m’maiko ambiri.
  • Mapindu a boma ndi a boma: Mayanjano ambiri apanyumba samalola mapepala a msonkho a boma, ndipo IRS sazindikira kugwirizana kwa banja kaamba ka zifuno za msonkho wa boma. Wolemba ntchito . Inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo ya mnzake wa m’nyumba kaŵirikaŵiri imalingaliridwa kukhala ndalama zokhometsa msonkho kwa wolembedwa ntchito (ndalama zosakhala za boma), pamene kuli kwakuti kulipira kwa ukwati kuli komasuka.
  • Zitetezero za kuchotsa: malamulo ambiri apanyumba samapereka njira yachisudzulo yalamulo. Kuti athetse mgwirizano wabanja, okwatirana angafunikire kulembetsa mlandu wa boma kuti agaŵane katundu ndi kubwezera ngongole, zimene sizikugaŵidwa kwambiri kuposa chisudzulo.
  • Mapindu opulumukira kuchokera ku maprogramu a boma: Opulumuka Chisungiko ndi mapindu a wozoloŵera samafikira kwa anansi a panyumba.
  • Chikhulupiriro chokwanira ndi chiwongola dzanja kuzungulira: Unansi wa panyumba wokhazikitsidwa m'boma lina sungazindikidwe ndi boma lina kaamba ka chinthu china chirichonse kusiyapo kuchezera kwa chipatala. Maboma ena amakana dala kuzindikira mayanjano a panyumba kuchokera ku maiko ena.

Kusiyana Kokulira Pakati pa Ukwati, Magwirizano a M’dziko, ndi Unansi Wapanyumba

Ufulu Wochita Zambiri

Kusiyana kwakukulu nchakuti ukwati umapereka ufulu walamulo ndi mathayo autali wokulirapo pa milingo yonse ya boma (boma, boma, ndi maiko onse kupyolera mwa mapangano). Maukwati a nzika amayesa kusonyeza zoyenera za ukwati pamlingo wa boma koma kaŵirikaŵiri amalephera kudziŵika ndi kusungidwa ndi boma. Maukwati a m’banja amapereka ufulu wochepa kwambiri, umene umangokhala kwa abwana [1] mapindu ozikidwa pa mapangano ndi chitetezo cha kumaloko.

Kuzindikira Omwe Ali M’malire

Ukwati umakhala ndi chivomerezo cha padziko lonse [1] . Ngakhale kuti kumayiko osiyanasiyana kumakhala ndi kutchuka. Ku United States, kuchuluka kwa chikhulupiriro ndi Crease kumafuna kuti mayiko azivomereza maukwati ochitidwa m’mayiko ena. Maukwati a boma ndi maukwati a m'banja sangolandira kuchitiridwa chimodzimodzi. Okwatirana ku New York ndi okwatirana okwatira mwalamulo ku Texas; okwatirana okwatirana mu mgwirizano wa boma ku Vermont sangakhale ndi malo odziŵika ku Louisiana. Kusoŵa kwa maukwati ndi vuto lalikulu kwa okwatirana amene angasamuke, kuyenda, kapena kufuna mapindu a boma.

Kupempha Msonkho

AspectMarriageCivil UnionDomestic Partnership
Federal tax filingJoint or married filing separatelySingle or head of household (no joint federal return)Single (no joint federal return)
State tax filingJoint in most statesJoint if state allows (varies)Usually separate; California allows joint state return for registered domestic partners
Health insurance tax treatmentTax‑free spousal coverageMay be tax‑free if state mandates; federal tax may applyImputed income for federal tax (employer‑paid premiums are taxable to employee)
Estate tax exemptionUnlimited marital deductionLimited; federal estate tax does not apply to civil unionsNo unlimited deduction

Ufulu wa Kulera Ana

Ukwati umapereka chisamaliro chalamulo cha mwana wobadwa kwa okwatirana okhala m’mbali zonse. Kwa maukwati a boma, makolo amakhazikitsidwa mofananamo, koma kulera ana kudakali kofunika m’maiko ena. Maukwati a m’banja amaperekabe kuŵerengeredwa kwa makolo kodzifunira; m’zochitika zambiri, mnzawo wosakwatiwa ayenera kutengera makolo olera kapena njira yachiŵiri yolera ana, imene ingakhale yowonongetsa ndalama zambiri ndi yolera mwana wachiŵiri.

Mayiko ena amapatsa kholo lokwatiranalo mwa kufuna kwawo, koma anthu osakwatirana (kuphatikizapo amene ali m’maukwati a boma kapena a m’banja) angafunike kupitiriza kukhazikitsa lamulo la khoti loletsa kubereka. Zimenezi zingawachititse kuti asamadziwe ngati ukwatiwo utha kapena ngati mwamuna ndi mkazi wake ayamba kulowa m’boma limene sakudziwa kuti ndilo la makolo awo.

Njira Yothetsera Mavuto

Kutha kwa ukwati (kusudzulana) ndi njira yalamulo yolamuliridwa ndi lamulo la boma, yokhala ndi makonzedwe a kugaŵikana kwa katundu, chichirikizo cha mwamuna ndi mkazi, kusungidwa kwa ana, ndi kuchilikizidwa kwa ana. Maukwati a nzika amafunikira njira yofanana yogaŵira mlandu, ngakhale kuti mawuwo angasiyane (kaŵirikaŵiri amatcha mgwirizano wa boma). Maukwati, makamaka awo a m'mamitamita, sangakhale ndi njira yokha yothetsera. Mabanja angafunikire kukambirana chigwirizano cha kupatukana kapena kulinganiza mlandu wa khoti kuti athetse ubale walamulo, umene ungakhale wotsika ndi mtengo wokwera mtengo.

Kodi Ndani Ayenera Kulingalira Umodzi Wachiŵeniŵeni Kapena Unansi Wapanyumba?

Polingalira za kupereŵera kwake, kodi nchifukwa ninji okwatirana alionse angasankhe ukwati wa boma kapena ukwati wa m’banja?

  • Zifukwa za zachuma: okwatirana ena angafune kupeŵa mtolo wa msonkho wowonjezereka umene ukwati ungapereke (m’chitsanzo, “chilango cha ukwati” m'madokesi ena a ndalama). M'mayiko ena, maukwati a boma amalola kulembedwa kwa boma koma osati kuikidwa kwa bungwe limodzi, kungachepetserepo msonkho. Anthu okwatirana ayenera kufunsa katswiri wa msonkho.
  • [[ML:0] Kukhazikitsa ukwati: Anthu ena amakana ukwati pa maziko a malingaliro, chipembedzo, kapena akazi koma amafunabe chitetezo chalamulo kaamba ka unansi wawo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kulingalira kwa kugaŵikana: kwa okwatirana osanganizidwa [1] ku U.S., ukwati ndiwo njira yokha imene imapereka khadi lobiriwira. Komabe, okwatirana ena apadziko lonse angasankhe kugwirizana kolembetsedwa m'dziko lawo ngati akhala kudziko lina ngati akakhala kudziko lina ndipo ukwati ungayambitse mavuto ndi malamulo aunzika kapena choloŵa.
  • Mabanja (kapena opitirira 62): Ku California, mgwirizano wa panyumba ndi wopezeka kwa okwatirana amene ali ndi mnzake wokwatiranayo wopitirira 62, kupereka njira ina yabwino yopezera mapindu a Chisungiko kapena ufulu wopuma pantchito. Kwa okalamba, ukwati ungachepetse mapindu akutiakuti (m’mphindi, mapindu a mkazi wamasiye), pamene kuli kwakuti kugwirizana kwa banja kungawalole iwo kusunga mapindu amenewo pamene akali kupata inshuwalansi ndi kuwonana ndi kuwonana ndi chipatala.
  • Maukwati amene sangathe kukwatira mwalamulo: [[FLT :1] M'madera ena kumene ukwati wa kugonana kosafanana sumavomerezedwa (maiko ena ndi magawo a United States), mgwirizano wa anthu ungakhale mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wovomerezeka mwalamulo. Mwachitsanzo, m'maiko ena a ku Caribbean ndi mbali za Asia, mumakhala mgwirizano wa anthu koma supezeka.
  • Mapangano amene amafuna “udindo wamwambo wamwambo”: Okwatirana ena samasuka ndi kukhalitsa kwa lamulo ndi malamulo a ukwati koma amafunabe kuvomerezedwa ndi lamulo limene limapereka chitetezo chachikulu. Makamaka kulembetsa kwa m’banja kaŵirikaŵiri nkwaufulu kapena kotsika ndipo sikufunikira phwando.

Kusamalira Kothandiza kwa Okwatirana

Ganizirani Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Asanasankhe malo a ukwati, okwatirana ayenera kufufuza zimene akufuna.

  • Ngati ndi choncho, ukwati umapereka chitetezo champhamvu koposa cha makolo.
  • Anthu okwatirana amene amasiyana pa nkhani za ndalama, atha kutha mosavuta.
  • Kodi timafunikira mapindu a boma (Chisungiko, mapindu a odziŵa za kusamuka, kusamuka)?
  • Kodi timayenda maulendo ambiri kapena kukonzekera kusamukira ku boma lina?
  • Mabwana ambiri amapereka mapindu kwa munthu wina wapanyumba, koma kupereka msonkho sikuli koyenera kuposa kwa mkazi kapena mwamuna.

Onetsetsani Malamulo Akwanuko

Malamulo ozindikira maunansi amasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi boma ndi dziko.

  • Mu California[[FL:1], okwatirana olembetsedwa ali ndi pafupifupi ufulu wonse ndi mathayo a ukwati pansi pa lamulo la boma, koma iwo akuyang'anizanabe ndi msonkho wa boma ndi ziletso za kusamuka.
  • Mu Illinois , maukwati a boma angasinthidwe kukhala ukwati, ndipo boma limazindikira kugwirizanitsa kwa boma monga maukwati. Komabe, si makonzedwe onse a chigwirizano cha boma amene agwirizana ndi lamulo la boma.
  • Mu Colado, lamulo la chigwirizano cha boma (chifukwa chakuti likhala logwirizana pambuyo pa ukwati) limafunikirabe okwatirana a boma omwe alipowo kupanga chosankha kaya kutembenuka ku ukwati kapena kukhala omangidwa mwalamulo; boma silimatsutsanso maukwati atsopano a boma.
  • M’maiko ambiri, APACS [[FLT :1] (pacte reconve sarité ) imapatsa okwatirana ufulu wochuluka koma osati kukhoza kutengera pamodzi. Komabe okwatirana ena amasankha chifukwa chakuti angathetsedwe ndi chilengezo chosavuta ku khoti. mgwirizano wa Jeremani wovomerezeka [ (tsopano wotsekedwa ku zinthu zatsopano, koma wopindulitsa kwa amene alipo) amapereka cholowa ndi mapindu a msonkho, koma osati kulandiridwa ndi kupatsidwa ndi ena.

Kuika Malo Malo Opatsirana

Chifukwa chakuti maukwati a boma ndi kugwirizana kwa m’banja kulibe kudziŵika kwa boma, kuli kofunika kwambiri kwa okwatirana kupanga zikalata zalamulo zothetsera mipata. Zikalata zofunika zimaphatikizapo izi:

  • yomalizira ndi chipangano: imatsimikizira woyanjana naye kukhala woloŵa chuma popanda kuchedwa.
  • Mphamvu yokhoza kuyendetsedwa ndi loya wa zachuma: imalola mnzanu kuyang'anira maakaunti a banki, kulipirira ngongole, ndi kusamalira katundu ngati winayo walephera.
  • Khoti lachiheberi kapena mphamvu ya zamankhwala ya loya: imapereka mnzakeyo mphamvu ya kupanga zosankha zamankhwala.
  • Moyo udzalamulira: Malo osankhidwa pa kutha kwake [1] kusamalira moyo.
  • Kuika dzina la kuyang'anira ana aang'ono: [ Ngati wina wamwalira, mnzake wotsalayo angafunikire kupempha kuti amsungire; kutchula mawu kumalimbitsa mlandu.

Kupondereza ndi Kuvuta kwa Kuyendetsa Zinthu

Kupita patsogolo kwa kulingana kwa ukwati sikunapangitse mgwirizano wa boma ndi mgwirizano wa m’banja kukhala wachikale. Ochirikiza akupitiriza kukakamiza kuti anthu okwatirana amene akufuna kukhalabe ndi maudindo awo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ena amatsutsa kuti kukhala ndi malo osiyana kumapitiriza “kusiyana koma kulingana” kumachititsa kuti mgwirizano wa ukwati ukhale wosiyana. M’mayiko ena, mgwirizano wa anthu ukhale wosiyana ndi mabanja onse (m’njira ina, France, Netherlands, South Africa).

Kwa opanga malamulo, nkhani zazikulu zikutsimikizira kuti malo alionse ovomerezedwa mwalamulo akupereka:

  • Kuimira: Mkhalidwe uyenera kuvomerezedwa m'madera onse, makamaka mkati mwa dongosolo la boma. Maboma ayenera kutengera malamulo ofanana kuti atembenuze maukwati a boma kapena kugwirizana kwa banja pa kusamuka.
  • chitetezo chofanana: Ngati boma lipereka malo osiyana, liyenera kupereka ufulu wofanana ndi wa ukwati pansi pa lamulo la boma, kuphatikizapo kholo, choloŵa, msonkho, ndi kusweka.
  • Njira zothetsera: Malo onse ayenera kukhala ndi njira yolunjika yachiweruzo kapena yauyang'aniro yothetsera unansi walamulo.
  • Palibe chilango cha kusankha mkhalidwe wa ukwati wosakwanira: [[FT:1] malamulo a Federal ayenera kusinthidwa kuti apereke mapindu ena (monga ngati panja la banja ndi kuperekedwa kwa inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo) ku mgwirizano wa boma ndi okwatirana a m’banja omwe angasonyeze kulimba kwa kudzipereka kofananako.

Kumaliza: Kusankha Mwanzeru

Chigamulo pakati pa ukwati, mgwirizano wa boma, kapena mgwirizano wa m'banja n’chodalirana kwambiri. Ukwati udakali muyezo wagolidi wovomerezeka mwalamulo, kupereka chitetezo champhamvu, kusungika, ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu. Komabe, maukwati a boma amapereka pafupifupi ufulu wolingana pamlingo wa boma ndipo ungakhale wopindulitsa kwa okwatirana amene akufuna kupeŵa kulipira msonkho winawake wa boma kapena amene amakana ukwati monga bungwe. Maukwati a m’banja, ngakhale kuti ali ndi malire, amapereka chitetezo chachikulu kwa mabanja amene amagonana ndi kulowa ntchito yolembedwa popanda kuchita mwambo wa ukwati.

Anthu okwatirana ayenera kufunsa loya wa zamalamulo amene akudziwa bwino malamulo a m’dziko lawo kapena m’dziko lawo, chifukwa chakuti mfundo zake n’zochuluka ndipo zotsatira za kusankha molakwa zikhoza kukhudzana ndi msonkho, cholowa, ndi nkhani za m’banja.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, onani [[FLT: 0] chidule cha mgwirizano wa boma ndi malamulo a m'banja, , [[FLT ] FAQS kwa okwatirana a extensix , ndi kuloŵa [FLT ] Legal Information Institute pa mayanjano a m'banja .