Mawu oyamba a malamulo si chiyambi chamwambo kapena mbali ya ndakatulo ya ndale zadziko. Imagwira ntchito monga maziko a ufilosofi ndi kulakalaka kwa mtundu, kugwirizanitsa chizindikiritso cha mtundu, makhalidwe apakati, ndi zolinga zotheratu zimene zimagwirizanitsa anthu osiyanasiyana pamodzi pansi pa boma limodzi. M'nyengo yodziŵika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ndale zadziko, kugawikana kwa chigawo, ndi kusagwirizana kwa chigawo, ndi kusagwirizana kwa maziko, mbali ya kuyambitsa ndi kuchirikiza umodzi wa onse ndi cosynometion sunakhale wovutapo kwambiri. Chigwirizano cha National chimanena za dziko limodzi monga dziko limodzi, lodziŵika ndi kugwirizanitsa kwa ndale zadziko ndi kudzipereka kwa anthu onse. Anthu amagwirizana ndi kukwaniritsa mbali zina za kukwaniritsa mfundo za m’tsogolo, zomwe za kukwaniritsa mfundo za kukwaniritsa mfundo zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukhala zogwirizana kwa anthu a mitundu yonse, zomwe zimasintha.

Maziko a Umodzi wa Malamulo ndi Malamulo

Chizoloŵezi cha kugwiritsira ntchito mawu oyamba kugwirizanitsa dziko chili ndi maziko aakulu a nthanthi zamakono za ndale zadziko, makamaka mwambo wa kakhalidwe ka anthu. Olingalira onga Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, ndi Jean-Jacques Rousseau anatsutsa kuti ulamuliro wandale zadziko walamulo umachokera ku chimvano pakati pa anthu aufulu kupanga chitaganya cha anthu. Chiyambicho chimakhala chipangano cholembedwa ku bungwe loyambirirali, chikumakumbukira nthaŵiyo anthu modzifunira kukhala boma.

Chiphunzitso cha Uchifumu wa Anthu ndi Uchifumu Wotchuka

Masewero kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka lingaliro la anthu ovomereza mwaufulu kukhazikitsa boma. Nthaŵi imeneyi "nthaŵi ya kukhazikitsa" njofunika kwambiri kukhazikitsa unzika wowongoka ndi kugwirizana koima pambali ndi boma ndi munthu. Mwa kuzika ulamuliro m'zifukwa za olamulira, kuyambitsira kuyambitsa lingaliro la kukhala ndi anthu amodzi pa tsogolo la dziko. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy imayala maziko omveka bwino a mmene zikhulupiriro za mapangano a mayanjano zimakhalira maziko a malamulo amakono (onani kuti [FLT:]] Sacrict Coocryry The ).

Ulamuliro Wophiphiritsira ndi Kukakamiza Mwalamulo

Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhani zogwira ntchito za malamulo zimapereka maziko ogwirizana alamulo, mawu oyamba ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu zophiphiritsira ndi zomasulira. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito mawu oyamba kumvetsetsa "mzimu" kapena "kukhazikitsa" a malamulo. M'malamulo ambiri, ngakhale kuli tero, mayambiriro satha kusungidwa mwachindunji m’bwalo; ndi chiŵiya chomasulira mmalo mwa magwero a lamulo lotsimikizirika. Kusiyana kumeneku nkofunika. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku sikumapanga ufulu wachindunji, koma kumapatsa diso la ufulu wapadera kuundal. Mwachitsanzo, Khoti Lapamwamba la Indian lakhala ndilo lotchuka kuti litsegule maganizo a opanga, kumasulira kwa opanga malamulo onse. Mphamvu yophiphiritsira imeneyi imachirikiza umodzi mwa kupanga malo amodzi ndi zolinga za dziko limodzi.

Kupanga Malonda Ovuta Kuwasintha

Malo oyamba amagwira ntchito monga zipangizo zamphamvu zofotokozera nkhani. Amatchula zodandaula zakale (m'chitsanzo, "Kugawa magaŵano a m'mbuyo" ku South Africa ), kulongosola mavuto amene alipo, ndi kukonza zolinga za m’tsogolo. Nkhani imeneyi imapereka mphamvu yothandiza kuti anthu adziwe dziko lawo. Imasimba nkhani yonena za kumene mtunduwo unachokera, zimene umakhulupirira, ndi kumene ukupita. Nkhani imeneyi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kakhalidwe ka anthu, ndipo imapereka maziko amodzi kwa nzika zimene zingakhale ndi zinthu zina zochepa.

Zida Zachindunji za Umodzi ndi Kuphana m’Chinenero Choyambirira

Anthu opanga malamulo amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsa ntchito popanga zilembo ndi mfundo zina kuti apange mgwirizano.

1. Chilengezo cha Ulamuliro Wachisawawa: "Ife Anthu"

Mawu akuti "Ife Anthu" (kapena ofanana nawo m’zinenero zina) ndi chiŵiya chimodzi champhamvu koposa chogwirizanitsa m'mawu oyamba. Chimatsimikizira kuti ulamuliro wa dzikolo umachokera kwa nzika zake, mwakutero kupyola chigawo, fuko, kapena magawano a chipembedzo. Ilo limapanga gulu lapadera la anthu . "Anthu ." amene ali gwero la mphamvu zonse za boma. Kupanga kumeneku kumakana lamulo lililonse limene limanena kuti likuimira mbali imodzi ya dzikolo ndi dziko lina, kukhazikitsa muyezo wa ulamuliro waukulu kuchokera kwa nzika ya boma ku boma.

2. Kuthandiza Anthu Ogwirizana Kuyendera Limodzi

Mawu ameneŵa ndi ogwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu onse, ngakhale kuti anthu anachokera ku zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

  • Trusa: Kudzipereka ku chilungamo, malamulo, ndi kutetezeredwa kwa ufulu, kutsimikizira kuti palibe gulu lochepetsedwa mwadongosolo.
  • Loberty: Chitsimikiziro cha ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha m’dongosolo la chisungiko ndi dongosolo la anthu onse.
  • Kulingana: Chitsimikiziro chakuti nzika zonse ziri ndi phindu lolingana la makhalidwe ndipo ziri zoyenerera ku zoyenera ndi mwaŵi wolingana.
  • Kudzigwirizanitsa: Kaŵirikaŵiri] chonyalanyazidwa koposa cha utatu (Kulingana, Kulingana, Kudyerera kwa ku Kusintha kwa Chifrenchi), ubwenzi umachita mwachindunji ndi kugwirizana kwa mayanjano. Kumafuna lingaliro laubale ndi kugwirizana pakati pa nzika, kuchita monga kutsutsana kwa malingaliro kwachindunji ndi kugaŵanitsa anthu ndi kupikisana.

3. Kuzindikira ndi Kuyang’anira Anthu Osiyanasiyana

Vuto lalikulu la mayiko amakono ndilo kulinganiza kugwirizana ndi kudziŵika kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Umodzi Wochititsa Chidwi (Chikhodzodzo Chosinthasintha)

Mawu ena oyamba akusonyeza njira imene magulu osiyanasiyana amakhalira ndi mtundu umodzi.

Umodzi wa Kukhulupirira Chilengedwe (Chithunzi cha Mose Kapena Saladi Bowl)

Malo ena oyamba amavomereza poyera kusiyana kwa zinenero, chipembedzo, ndi mtundu . ndi kugwirizana monga kugwirizana pakati pa dziko limodzi lolamulira. Kuyamba kwa India kuli chitsanzo chachikulu, kuwonjezera molunjika mawu "Sayekha" kutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Chiyambi cha South Africa chimanena mofananamo kuti mtunduwo uli "wogwirizana m'mitundu yathu. Kugwirizana kumeneku kuli kogwirizana kwambiri ndi miyezo yamakono ya ufulu wa anthu ndipo kumaonedwa monga mtundu wogwirizana kwambiri wa kugwirizanitsa anthu m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kupenda Malamulo Oyerekezera: Kufufuza za Umodzi

Kupenda mawu oyamba akusonyeza njira zosiyanasiyana zimene mayiko agwiritsira ntchito polimbikitsa mgwirizano, aliyense wogwirizana ndi zochitika zake zapadera za m’mbiri ndi m’mayanjano.

United States (1787)

"Ife Anthu a United States, Kulinganiza kupanga Chigwirizano changwiro chokulirapo, kukhazikitsa Chilungamo, kutsimikizira kutetezeredwa kwa banja, kupereka chitetezo chofala, kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino wa Ufulu, ndi kusungitsa Madalitso a Ufulu kwa ife eni ndi Udindo wathu, kuika ndi kukhazikitsa Lamulo la United States of America.

Surgery ya US [[FLT: 1] ndi luso laluso la kumanga mtundu. Ilo limachokera mwachindunji "Ife Anthu" ku ndandanda ya zolinga za gulu, kufunafuna molunjika kupanga "Union yokwanira kwambiri" pambuyo pa kulephera kwa Nkhani za Confederation . Imaika malamulo monga chiŵiya chothandiza kukhalira bwino anthu onse, kusumika maganizo pa mtendere wa m’banja ndi ubwino wa onse monga zipatso za umodzi.

India (1950, Amende 1976)

“ KHALANI, ANTHU A KU INDIA, pokhala otsimikiza mtima kupanga India kukhala COVERIGN SOVERN DEMOCRACS ndi kusungika kwa nzika zake zonse: CHILUNGAMO... CHILUNGAMO... KUYENDERA... ndi kuchirikiza pakati pawo kulimba mtima konse kutsimikizira ulemu wa munthu ndi umodzi ndi umphumphu wa mtundu.

Mawu oyamba a Informa ali ophunzitsa kwambiri. Ilo limagwirizanitsa mwachindunji ndi ndi ndi kulimba kwa mtundu [[FLT:] ndi kukhulupirika kwa mtundu . Masinthidwe a 42 (6) anawonjezera mawu "Sociast" ndi "pansiss" ku malemba oyambirira. Kugwirizana kumeneku kunali kuyesayesa kwaluso kukhazikitsa umodzi wa dziko lonse m'chigwirizano cha chigwirizano cha za zachikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo, kulankhula mwachindunji za zipembedzo ndi zinenero za dziko.

South Africa (1996)

"Ife, anthu a ku South Africa, Recognia chisalungamo cha m’mbuyo mwathu; Perekani ulemu awo amene anavutika chifukwa cha chilungamo ndi ufulu m’dziko lathu; Lemekezani awo amene agwira ntchito kumanga ndi kukulitsa dziko lathu; ndi kukhulupirira kuti South Africa ndi ya onse okhalamo, ogwirizana m’kusiyana kwathu.

Mawu oyamba a ku South Africa [[FLT :1] ndi apadera m'chisamaliro chake chowonekera bwino pa kuyanjanitsidwa. "Amagawa] a m'mbuyo" ndi "kuyala] maziko a chitaganya cha demokrase ndi chotseguka. Mawu akuti "kugwirizana m'kusiyana kwathu" ndi mtundu wamakono wa unzika. Chiyambi chimenechi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kugwiritsira ntchito malemba alamulo kuloza mwachindunji ku mbiri ya kugaŵana kwakukulu kwa chitaganya ndi mafuko.

Kenya (200)

"Ife, anthu a ku Kenya... tikunyadira kuti mitundu yathu, miyambo ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana... tinatsimikiza mtima kukhala mwamtendere ndi mogwirizana monga dziko limodzi lolamulira losiyana.

Kenyan Pregedge ndi chitsanzo chamakono cha mtundu wogwiritsira ntchito malamulo ake kudzigwirizanitsa iwo eni pambuyo pa mbiri ya kulimbana kwa mafuko ndi ulamuliro wa andale. Mwa kunena poyera kunyada m'kusiyana pamene akugamula kukhala ndi moyo monga mtundu umodzi "opatuka", imapangitsa maziko olimba a kuyang'anira mitundu. Imatsutsa lingaliro lakuti kusiyana kuli chifooko ndipo mmalo mwake kumakuika kukhala gwero la mphamvu ya dzikolo.

Kusuliza ndi Kupereŵera kwa Umodzi Wochititsa Chiyambi

Ngakhale kuti mawu ake ndi omveka bwino, mawu oyamba si othandiza kuti pakhale kusagwirizana.

Kusiyana Pakati pa Kupuma ndi Zenizeni

Kusiyana kwakukulu kulipo pakati pa mawu otchuka a poyambira ndi zenizeni za nzika. US Predgery analonjeza "Chilungamo" ndi "Liberty" pamene ukapolo ndi tsankho laufuko lachisawawa zakhala zovomerezedwa mwalamulo. Chinyengo chimenechi chingayambitse kusuliza ndi kufooketsa umodzi weniweniwo umene umafuna kuuyambitsa. Pamene kuyambitsa kulonjeza mayanjano koma machitidwe a tsankho, chikalatacho chimataya ulamuliro wake wa makhalidwe abwino.

Kodi Anthufe Ndani?

Mawu ogwirizanitsa "Ife Anthu" angakhale opatulidwa kwambiri. Kalelo, akazi, nzika za dziko, ndi anthu ogwidwa ukapolo kaŵirikaŵiri sanalingaliridwe kukhala mbali ya bungwe lachifumu limeneli. Maseŵero amakono ayenera kutsutsana nthaŵi zonse ndi funso la amene ali a "Anthu". Kutsutsana ponena za unzika, kusamuka, ndi ufulu wa timagulu tating'ono ndiwo makambitsirano aakulu pa tanthauzo la mawu ameneŵa. Malamulo oyambirira a United States "Ife Anthu" sanaphatikizepo Aa Africa, vuto limene linatenga nkhondo yachiŵeni ndi kubwereranso pambuyo pake kuti ayambe kulondola.

Kusalungamitsa Mwalamulo

M'madera ambiri, mawu oyamba saloledwa mwachindunji m'makhoti. Zimenezi zimaletsa mphamvu yake yothandiza kukakamiza umodzi. Pamene kuli kwakuti ndi chiŵiya chofunika kwambiri chomasulira malamulo osadziŵika bwino, siingagwiritsidwe ntchito paokha kukhazikitsa malamulo. Boma lingachite zinthu motsutsana ndi mzimu wa poyamba, ndipo makhoti angakhale opanda mphamvu kuloŵererapo pokhapokha ngati ufulu woyenerera wapokha waswedwa. Kulephera kumeneku "kutsendereza" kutanthauza mphamvu ya kuyambitsa chigamulo kumadalira pa chifuniro chandale zadziko mu ulamuliro.

Kuopsa kwa Kusankha Kumenyana ndi Anthu Ena

Pamene kuli kwakuti mawu oyamba amalimbikitsa utundu wa anthu (ozikidwa pa makhalidwe ogwirizana), chinenero chawo chosinthika chingagwirizanitsidwe ndi autundu. Chifuno cha "umodzi" chingagwiritsiridwe ntchito ndi gulu lolamulira kulungamitsa kutsutsa kutsutsa, kukhazikitsa mwambo, kapena kuletsa mawu a anthu ochepa. Boma lingatsutse kuti chitsutso ndicho "onti - dzikolo" m’dzina la umodzi wolonjezedwa ndi kutsegulidwa, mwakutero kugwiritsa ntchito chigwirizano chenicheni cha anthu kupyolera mwa njira zauchiwere. Kupeputsa kwa chikhalidwe kungakhale chida cholimbana ndi mitundu imene ikufuna kutetezera.

Kuyamba kwa Ntchito ndi Kuphana kwa Dziko m’Zaka za Zana la 21

Kodi mfundo yoyambirira ya dziko lonse yakhala yothandiza bwanji m’nyengo ino, ya pakompyuta, ndiponso ya magulu ofufuza za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu?

Mawu Oyambirira Osonyeza Zenizeni Zatsopano

Maiko ena asintha mawu awo oyamba kuti athetse mavuto amakono. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mawu oyambawo ndi amoyo amene angagwiritsiridwe ntchito kukonzanso pangano la mayanjano a dziko. Kusintha kwa mu 42 kwa India ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri.

Kulimbana ndi Kugonja ndi Kusokonezeka

M'maiko oyang'anizana ndi nkhondo ya mafuko kapena magulu a kusokonezeka kwa mafuko, mawu oyamba amatumikira monga chopinga chalamulo ndi chamaganizo chotsutsana ndi kusweka. Chikalata cha Khoti Lalikulu la Canada Kuvomerezananso kwa Quebec [1] anadalira kwambiri pa malamulo a malamulo alamulo olembedwa opezeka m'malamulo a boma a dziko la Canada, poyambira poyambirira, popereka lamulo la demokrase, ndi lamulo la lamulo lotsutsana ndi munthu mmodzi. Khoti linakhulupirira kuti mapulinsipulo ameneŵa, oyambitsidwa m'chiyambiriro, amafuna kukambirana zimene zimakhudza onse a boma ndi anthu a m'chigawo. Motero kuwerengera mwalamulo, kupereka maziko alamulo, ndi maziko a makhalidwe abwino kaamba ka kukhulupirika kwa dziko (FFF: FF)

Maphunziro ndi Mwambo wa Kuphatikiza Malamulo

Mawu oyamba amathandiza kwambiri pa maphunziro a boma. Kutchula mawu oyamba m’masukulu (monga momwe amachitikira ku India ndi United States) ndi mwambo umene umachirikiza kudziŵika kwa dziko ndi mapindu alamulo. M'nyengo ya manambala, malemba ameneŵa angagwirizanitse nkhani zandale. Pamene nzika m’dziko lalikulu zigaŵana lemba limodzi lomwe limalongosola chifuno chawo, limapanga maziko a kutsutsana kwa ndale zadziko ndi mawu amodzi a kudzilamulira.

Kumaliza: Kufunika Kopirira kwa Masomphenya Ofanana a Malamulo

Mawu oyamba a malamulo si nkhani za m'mbiri. Ndiwo maziko a maziko omangira ndi kuchirikiza umodzi wa dziko ndi kugwirizana. Mwa kulengeza uchifumu wotchuka, kugwirizanitsa makhalidwe, ndi kutchula nkhani za mtundu, amapereka chizindikiro chofanana kwa nzika zosiyanasiyana. Pamene kuli kwakuti kusiyana kwa malemba olembedwa mwandalama ndi zochitika za ndale zadziko kumadzetsa chitokoso chosalekeza, kuyambika kwa chikalata cha chilungamo ndi chiŵiya choŵerengera mlandu.

Imapempha mbadwo uliwonse kuti uike mlandu ku malonjezo ake oyambitsidwa. M'dziko la kuvuta ndi kugaŵanika kowonjezereka, kukhoza kwa anthu kuyang'ana ku mawu awo oyamba a malamulo ndi kuona chithunzithunzi choyenera cha "Ife Anthu" chidakali chimodzi cha ziyeso zowopsa kwambiri za kukhazikika, kulimba, ndi chitaganya chokha. Chiyambicho si chilengezo chachilendo; ndicho chiitano chamoyo kupitirizabe kuyesayesa kaamba ka umodzi wangwiro wowonjezereka, ubwenzi wozama, ndi mafotokozedwe owonjezereka a mtunduwo. Ntchito yomanga umodzi, yotsogozedwa ndi mawu a maziko ameneŵa, siikwaniritsidwa konse.