Mawu Oyambirira: Chigwirizano cha Maziko Pakati pa Boma ndi Nzika

Pamene nthumwizo zinasonkhana mu Philadelphia mu 1787, zinayang'anizana ndi ntchito yaikulu: kupanga dongosolo latsopano la kulamulira limene likawongolera zofooka za Nkhani za Conference pamene zikulandira chidaliro cha anthu ochenjera. Chikalata chimene anachitulutsa sichinatsegule ndi mawu alamulo koma ndi chilengezo chosonkhezera: " Ife Anthu a United States..." mawu amene akupitiriza kufotokoza zimene anthu a ku America a boma lawo. Mawu amenewo amagogomezera lingaliro lamphamvu lakuti ulamuliro sumakhala mu mafumu kapena m'malamulo koma m’milungu wamba. Kupereka Chipata cha U. Chilungamo cha U. Chilungamo cha U. Ndi chiyanjo chachikulu kuposa chitukuko cha kuchuluka kwa chitukulo cha boma. Ndi mawu amene amapitiriza kulongosola zimene boma lawo la boma. Pomapanga zifuno za ufulu wambiri, kukhazikitsanso Chilungamo cha Chilungamo cha Chilungamo cha Chipulu, Chilungamo cha Chipulumutso cha Chipulumu chachikulu, Chiku

Mawu Oyambirira a Nkhaniyi: Nkhani Yolembedwa M’mbiri Ndiponso Tanthauzo Lake

Mawu onse a mawu oyambiriro aŵerengedwa motere:

[[FLT :⁠0]" Ife Anthu a ku United States, mwa Kulinganiza kupanga Union wangwiro kwambiri, kukhazikitsa Chilungamo, kutsimikizira kusoŵa kwa m'banja, kupereka chitetezo chofala, kuchirikiza Umoyo wa Onse, ndi kusungitsa Madalitso a Ufulu kwa ife ndi Chipulumutso chathu, kuika ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a United States of America.

Chiganizo chimenechi cha 52frard chinatuluka ku Komiti ya Speed, yotsogozedwa ndi Gouverneur Morris, amene anapereka mawu ake okumbutsa ndi mphamvu. Zolemba zoyambirira zinandandalika mabomawo, koma Morris analoŵa mmalo ndi mawu ogwirizanitsa "Ife Anthu," kusonyeza kuti Lamulo linatenga ulamuliro wake mwachindunji kwa nzika mmalo mwa mabungwe a boma. Kusinthako kunali kwakuya: kunakana lingaliro lakuti boma la dzikolo linali kokha logwirizana pakati pa maboma achifumu ndipo mmalo mwake linakhazikitsa likulu latsopano la boma lotchuka.

Chiyambi cha nkhani zachiyambi si chiyambi cha ufulu wapamwamba, wosungidwa . Khoti Lapamwamba lakhala likutsutsa mosalekeza kuti silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuswa malamulo kapena kupanga malingaliro a munthu. Komabe mphamvu yake yosafuna yankho yatsimikizira kukhala yaikulu. Woweruza wamkulu John Marshall analozera ku kuyambika kwa Mcloch v. Maryland [1] [1819] kutsutsa kuti malamulo anapangidwa kuti apirire kwa zaka zambiri ndi kusinthira ku mavuto osiyanasiyana a anthu. Choweruza Cholungama Joseph Story, m'malemba ake [[FLT:]], adatchedwa Preatrusa "kutsegula kuti afutukule tanthauzo la malamulo." Porrowat , pomatchula mfundo za boma, ndi kukwaniritsa mfundo zogwira ntchito za boma, monga momwe anthu oyenerera.

Mfundo za Malamulo a Malamulo a M’Baibulo ndi Mmene Zimathandizira Anthu Kuyembekezera Zinthu Zopindulitsa

Malamulo asanu ndi limodzi a mawu a kuseŵererako sali amwambo; amaimira dongosolo la dala la zinthu zofunika m’dziko. lirilonse limapanga ziyembekezo zachindunji ponena za ntchito ya boma ndi mathayo a nzika. M’munsimu timasanthula lamulo lirilonse lamakhalidwe abwino, kusonyeza mmene limasinthira ku ziyembekezo zachikhalidwe.

Ulamuliro Wachisawawa: "Ife Anthufe"

Kutsegulira mawu atatu kuli kutsata kwa maprinsipulo. Mwa kulengeza kuti Malamulo a boma amaikidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi anthu, mfundo yaikulu imasonkhezera mfundo yakuti boma limakhalako kokha pa chilolezo cha olamulira. Kuyembekezera kumeneku kunali kutha kwakukulu kwa mamonarch ku Ulaya ndipo kumakhalabe maziko a chikhalidwe cha ndale zadziko za Amereka. Nzika zimayembekezera kuti akuluakulu a boma adzayankha, kuti masankhoti adzakhala aufulu ndi achilungamo, ndi kuti masinthidwe aakulu amafunikira kutsutsana ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi boma. Pamene boma liwoneka kukhala lotsutsana ndi zifukwa zotchuka, monga ngati m'maudindo apamwamba pa bwalo lamilandu, kapena m'malamulo a bungwe lapamwamba lamilandu, kaŵirikaŵiri amaikapo kusokonezeka maganizo pa lingaliro lakuti "Anthufe" aswedwa. Motero, kusonkhezera kwa anthu kuyang'anira mlandu ndi kuvomereza kwa ochirikiza kuvomerezako, kutchula zaunika kwapo, ndi kutchula kwapotopeto, ndi kutchula poyera.

Kukhazikitsa Chilungamo

"Chilungamo chachiŵiri ndi cholinga chotchulidwa, chosonyeza kuti chilungamo ndi lamulo n’zozikidwa. Mawu ameneŵa amachititsa kuyembekezera kuti dongosolo la malamulo likhale lopanda tsankho, kuti malamulo adzagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, ndi kuti anthu adzalandira ufulu wawo akaphwanya. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a dziko lolamulidwa ndi boma, kulondola chilungamo kwasonkhezera zofuna ufulu wa boma, njira zoyenerera, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa ufulu wa anthu. Kuyembekezera chilungamo sikumalekeza; kumasintha monga kumvetsetsa chilungamo. M'zaka za zana la 19, kumasonkhezera mikangano yolimbana ndi ukapolo; m'ma 20, kumakhazikitsa ufulu wa anthu ndi kuchotsa ufulu wa kuboma; kumasonkhezera kuukira ufulu wa anthu ndi kulanda ufulu wa kulanda; lerolino, kumasonkhezera kutsutsana ndi kukonzanso machitachita chilungamo, ndi kukhazikitsa makhoti a boma.

Kuthetsa Vuto la Kubereka

"Kutsimikizirani za banja kulephera kwa kulephera kwa mfundo za m'malamulo: Kulephera kwa boma kupondereza kusakhazikika kwa m’kati mwa dziko. Kuyembekezera kuno n’kwakuti boma lidzasunga mtendere m’malire ake, kuletsa chiwawa, kuukira, ndi kusamvera malamulo. Mawuwa achirikiza kupangidwa kwa mabungwe a boma okhazikitsa malamulo, a National Guard, ndi ulamuliro wovomereza kupandukira kwawo monga Shays Revolution, pamene lamulolo linaikidwa. Nzika zimayembekezera kuti boma lawo liwateteze ku ziwopsezo zakunja ndi kusweka kwa dongosolo la mkati mwa . Kulimbana ndi kuukira kwachiwawa, uchigaŵenga, kapena masoka achilengedwe omwe angatsogolere ku chipwirikiti. Komabe, lamulolo limakhazikitsanso kuyembekezera malamulo omvera ndi kugaŵana m'magulu. Pamene zikutsutsana, kutsutsana kwa malamulo pakati pa kulinganiza kwa ufulu pakati pa kulinganiza kwa anthu, ndi kulinganiza kwa chiwonetso chapo, kulinganiza kwa chiwonetso chapo ndi kulinganiza kwa anthu.

Perekani Chilakolako cha Kukana Kofala

"Kutsimikizira kuti ndilo likulu la Chitetezo cha Chipulumutso cha Chipulumutso" imazindikira kuti chisungiko cha dziko ndicho ntchito yaikulu ya boma. Nzika zimayembekezera boma la boma kukweza ndi kuchirikiza magulu ankhondo, kupanga sitima zankhondo, kusunga kuukira kwamphamvu, ndi kutetezera dziko lakwawo. Malo aikapo zikole za nkhondo ndi Pulezidenti wokhala ndi udindo wa Mkulu wa boma, koma chinenero chapamwamba chimakulitsa thayo: kutetezera ndiko “kwamba," kutanthauza mtundu wonsewo ukugaŵana mtengo ndi phindu. Kuyembekezera kumeneku kwachotsa zonse kuchokera ku ku kupangidwa kwa Dipatimenti ya Chitetezo ku kutsogolera, kuchokera ku Patriot Active Act. Mchitidwe wamakono, chiyembekezo cha kutetezera chimawo, mliritsirano, ndi kugwirizana konga kwa A - NATS.

Kulimbikitsa Moyo Wabwino

Mwinamwake mawu otsutsa kwambiri otsutsa mfundo zachiyambi, "Kukonza Chikhalidwe cha anthu" agwiritsiridwa ntchito ponse paŵiri kulungamitsa maprogramu aakulu a zachikhalidwe ndi kutsutsana ndi boma lopereŵera. Mosiyana ndi "general Welfare" la mawu m'Chigawo I, Chigawo 8, chimene chimapereka mphamvu ya kukhoma msonkho ndi kuwononga, njira ya Pregiontion iri yokhumbira. Komabe, nzika zakhala ndi chiyembekezo chakuti boma liyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti anthu onse apeze chithandizo cha anthu. Chiyembekezo chimenechi chimachirikiza kuchirikiza kotchuka kwa maphunziro a anthu onse, maziko a zaumoyo, chitetezo, chitetezo cha chikhalidwe, ndi zingwe za za za zachuma. Pamene masoka kapena zigwetsa nkhondo zachuma. Chiyembeke cha anthu onse akuona Washington kuti ateteze ndi kukonzanso. Chiyembekezo cha boma chimafunanso kuti anthu onse apeŵe kuvulala kosavuta. Mkhalidwe la boma la anthu ambiri, limalimbikitsa kuti anthu ambiri, kuti adzichirikize kuti apeze chisonkhetso cha moyo.

Tetezani Madalitso a Ufulu

Cholinga chomalizira, "kusunga Madalitso a Ufulu kwa ife tokha ndi Mapindu athu," ndi mawu a cholinga ndi lonjezo m'mibadwo yonse. Ufulu m'nyengo yokha unamvedwa kwakukulukulu kukhala ufulu ku kuloŵerera kwa boma kodzifunira, koma kupeka kwa mawonekedwe a ufulu monga dalitso logwira ntchito . Boma liyenera kutetezera, osati kungopeŵa kuswa. Kuyembekezera kumeneku kwaumba Bill of Rights, Congreptions, ndi ufulu wa anthu wambirimbirimbiri. Nzika zimayembekezera kuti ufulu wawo wa kulankhula, kusindikiza, chipembedzo, msonkhano, ndi kupempha zidzatetezeredwa, ndi kuti boma lidzakana chiyeso cha kuchepetsa ufulu m'dzina la chisungiko kapena kupambana. Kuwonjezerapo, kuphatikizapo " Posterityty" kukhazikitsa malamulo: Anu akuyembekezera ufulu wa ana awo tsopano.

Chiyambukiro pa Ziyembekezo Zosiyanasiyana: Kuchokera pa Kulakwa Kufikira ku Kuŵerengera

Malamulo asanu ndi limodzi a Pregedge amagwira ntchito pamodzi kupanga dongosolo lokwanira la zimene nzika zingafunikire ku boma lawo.

Kulamulira Ulamuliro wa Boma

Chifukwa chakuti maziko oyamba a Konsichushoni mu ulamuliro wotchuka, kuyenera kwa boma kumagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji ndi chivoti. Pamene nzika zisankha, zimabwezeretsa kugwirizana kwa Pregedge . Pamene boma lichita zinthu popanda kuchilikizidwa kofala . kapena m’njira zimene zimawonekera kukhala zikuvumbula zifuno za Pregegedge . Kuyembekezera kumeneku ndiko chifukwa chake Maguedia amayambitsidwa ndi mawu amene kaŵirikaŵiri amatchula Pregnage, chifukwa chake zosankha za Supreme Court zimatchula malamulo ake potsutsa malingaliro, ndi chifukwa chake mavuto a malamulo a malamulo (monga ngati kuswa kwa Watergate kapena zigaŵero 2020) amadzutsa nkhaŵa yaikulu yotero ya anthu. Mbadwo woyambitsayo inazindikira kuti boma popanda mawu omveka bwino angazindikiridwa kukhala zomveka; Prearygalamuyo imapereka mawuwo ndi kupitiriza kukhala magwero a ulamuliro wa makhalidwe abwino.

Kutenga Nawo Mbali Monga Ntchito

Mawu oyamba a Pregedge akukumbutsa nzika kuti iwo ndiwo olemba malamulo apamwamba. Zimenezi zimayambitsa chiyembekezo cha kugwirizana kwamphamvu m'dongosolo la ndale zadziko. Ngati boma lilipo kuti litumikire anthu, ndiye kuti anthu ayenera kutengamo mbali powaumba , kuthamanga paudindo, kutumikira pa majuli, kuchonderera, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m’nkhani zapoyera. Oyambitsawo salamula mwachindunji kutengamo mbali, koma nzeru zake zimatanthauza kuti nzika yaulesi iitanitsa boma limene limalephera kuona zolinga zake. Lerolino, omvera ang'onoang'ono ayenera kutembenuka, kukana chidziŵitso cha dziko, ndi kutsa malonda kaŵirikaŵiri amasulizidwa kukhala olephera kukhala ndi moyo wa masomphenya a Pregion. Magulu a maphunziro a za boma, olandira mavoti, ndi kugwirizanitsa achinyamata onse amene afunikira kukhala ndi ogwirizana ndi otchuka.

Kuŵerengera Mlandu kwa Akuluakulu Oweruzidwa

Ngati zolinga zisanu ndi chimodzi zikuimira zimene boma liyenera kuchita, ndiye kuti mwachibadwa nzika zimayembekezera akuluakulu kukhala ndi mlandu wa kulephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zimenezo. Mawuwo amapereka chipangizo choyendera ntchito: angafunse ngati lamulo “likupanga Chigwirizano changwiro,”“ limatsimikizira za Chilungamo cha , ndi zina zotero. Kuyembekezera kumeneku kumachirikiza lingaliro la kupenda kotchuka pa masankho, limodzinso ndi njira zopimira ku kuiwala, kukumbukira, ndi kupenda. Khoti Lapamwamba, m'nkhani zonga [[FLT:]. Makito ake amayembekezera mapepala a boma a boma, kapena mabungwe adzikolo, kaya pa mapangano a boma.

Malire pa Mphamvu ya Boma

Mwinamwake, chiyambi cha malamulo chimasinthanso ziyembekezo za zimene boma liyenera kuyembekezera. Mwakutchula mpambo wa zifuno zapanthaŵi yake, chimatanthauza kuti boma lilipo kaamba ka zolinga zimenezo ndipo palibe zina. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo a malamulo amatchula maulamuliro owonjezereka kuyeretsa malire ameneŵa, kaŵirikaŵiri otsutsa Afterrable Carence Arect Active Active Act, ngati boma lilondola zolinga zogwirizana ndi zolinga zisanu ndi chimodzi, limaposa mphamvu zake. Madaliro ameneŵa amamveka m'matsutsana ndi boma, ukulu wa malonda a Commetic Claus, ndi chiphunzitso cha mphamvu za mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, otsutsa Afford Careal Act (A.) Akuchitapo kanthu kuti anthu ayambe kugula thanzi laumoyo. Momwenso amavomereza kuti apeze madalitso.

Kupeputsa Kwamakono: Chiyambi cha Moyo wa Chipatso cha 21st̆Chokole

Pambuyo pa zaka mazana aŵiri kuchokera pa kupangidwa kwake, Pregedge ikupitiriza kuumba mmene anthu a ku America amalankhulira ponena za boma. Ana asukulu akulowezabe mawu ake. Mapolonye akuigwira m'makeyala ndi m'boma la Union. Magulu a anthu amatchula chinenero chawo kuti boma lalephera kuchita mogwirizana ndi malonjezo ake oyambitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, Black Lives Confected Confect , lafuna kuti dziko la “Chilungamo” m’njira zimene amakambirana ndi utundu wa dziko; kusintha anthu kumaphatikizapo kuti “kulandira Welfare wamba ndi kutetezera ulemu wa nzika zonse; ndi kutsutsana kwa boma ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mkati mwa CHOD.

Chiyambi cha maphunziro chimachitanso mbali m'kumasulira kwachiweruzo. Pamene kuli kwakuti sichiri magwero a ufulu wa kudziimira, Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti lichilikiza kuŵerengeredwa kwamphamvu za boma za dziko. Mwachitsanzo, mu [[FLT] United States] v. Curtists[Conforts[wright][Fight] [1931], limene linatchula kutchula kuyambika kwa boma monga umboni wa zinthu zachilendo. Mosiyana, akatswiri ena oyambirira amatsutsa kuti mawu a Preglygee a “Treary" amachirikiza kumasulira kopatula malamulo m'njira zimene mibadwo yamtsogolo imalemera, monga mwa kusonkhanitsa ngongole yaikulu ya dziko kapena malo okhalako. M’makhoti, otsika atsutsa kutsutsa zonse za kupambana kwa ku kuwonana kwa kupambana kwa ku ku ku kuwona kwa ku ku ku kuwona kwa kupambana kwa ku kuwona kwa kupambana, ngakhale kuli kowona kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Komabe, mphamvu yolimba yamphamvu ikali ya .

Komanso, mawu oyamba amathandiza kuti anthu azikhala ogwirizana m’nyengo ya kugawikana kwambiri kwa ndale. Chinenero chake chachidule, cholakalaka, ndi chinachake chimene anthu ambiri a ku America angachivomereze. Mabukuwa amasonyeza kuti makampani akuluakulu a dziko lonse ndi Democrates amavomereza kuti boma liyenera kuteteza ufulu, kulimbikitsa ubwino wa anthu, ndiponso kukhazikitsa chilungamo. Ngakhale ngati anthu sakugwirizana kwambiri ndi mmene angachitire zimenezi. Motero, kukambiranako kumapereka maziko amodzi amene angalimbitse nkhani zachikhalidwe. Sukulu, mabungwe a madera, ndi mapwando a anthu nthaŵi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Pregistrys kuchirikiza mfundo yakuti ngakhale pa kusagwirizana, nzika zimakhala ndi munthu mmodzi yekha wandale wokhala ndi cholowa chimodzi ndi udindo wofanana.

Kumaliza: Pangano Lamoyo Pakati pa Mibadwo

Mawu oyamba a Malamulo si pangano la mbiri yakale ayi. Mawu ake akupitiriza kuumba zoyembekezeredwa za anthu mwa kulongosola boma limene lili ndi nzika zake ndi zimene ziyenera kufunidwa ndi ilo. Kuyambira pa kunena kosavuta koma kokulira kwa “Ife Anthu” mpaka zifuno zisanu ndi chimodzi zimene zikutsatira, kukhazikitsa maziko a makhalidwe abwino ndi othandiza amene atsogolera dziko ku nkhondo, kuchita tondovi, kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapangapanga. Kukumbutsa nzika kuti boma si gulu lachilendo koma chilengezo cha manja awo, zonenezedwa kuti zilondole chilungamo, bata, ubwino, ndi ufulu wa onse. Pobwerera, imapempha kuti akhalebe ndi mapangano, kuti atsogoleri awo azidziŵerengera mlandu, ndi kutsata madalitso awo. Monga momwe dziko la Riphabliki likupulumulira, likuchitirabe mlandu pa nkhani yaikulu ya kukambirana kwa anthu onse.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, pendani Screctal Archives of the Constitution , Center ya Malamulo a dzikolo yothandiza kuyambitsa mfundo za boma , ndi [[FLT] Cornell Information Institute ya Chidziŵitso cha Malamulo ya tanthauzo la Preggeegee].