Chithandizo chakunja . Kuthandiza mayiko odziperekawo kukhala odzidalira kwambiri (ODA), chithandizo, ndi kugwirizana kwa maluso, kumakhalabe maziko a zoyesayesa za kutukuka kwa dziko lonse. Mayiko odzipereka amawononga madola mabiliyoni chaka chilichonse poyembekezera kuti ndalama zimenezi zidzathandiza kuwonjezera ndalama, kuchepetsa umphaŵi, kuwongolera thanzi ndi maphunziro, ndipo pomaliza pake kuthandiza mayiko olandira thandizo kukhala odzidalira okha. Kumasulira zolinga zabwino za anthu opereka chithandizo n’kosiyana kwambiri ndi mfundo zomveka bwino. Kupambana kwa mapulogalamu a mayiko achilendo sikudalira pa ndalama zokha komanso pa mmene ndalama zimayendetsera bwino, ndiponso mmene ndalama zikuyendetsera bwino, ndiponso mmene zimayendera bwino zinthu za m'dziko. Kumvetsa mmene mayiko opereka chithandizowo amapezera njira zothandiza, opanga malamulo, opanga zipambanira zinthu.

Zimene Zikusonyeza Kuti Zinthu Zimayendera Bwino M’mayiko Ena

Maiko opereka zinthu amadalira pa zizindikiro zambiri za kuŵerengera ndi za kuŵerengera kuti adziŵe ngati chithandizo chikukwaniritsa zolinga zake. Zizindikiro zimenezi zimakhudza zachuma, chikhalidwe, malo, ndi malo okhala. Ngakhale kuti palibe njira imodzi yoyendera ingathe kutengera chiyambukiro chonse cha programu ya zaka zambiri, kuphatikizana kwa zizindikiro zosankhidwa bwino kumapereka chithunzi cha kupita patsogolo.

Kupita Patsogolo Kwazachuma ndi Umphaŵi

Zizindikiro za zachuma zidakali zofunika kwambiri pofufuza. Mabungwe a boma amafufuza kusintha kwa zinthu zapanyumba (GDP) pa munthu mmodzi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Kukwera kwa GDP kumene kumaposa zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa anthu zimene zingathandizire kuti kuchuluka kwa chuma kukhale kothandiza. Momwemonso, kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu okhala pansi pa umphaŵi wa padziko lonse. Kukudziŵika kuti ndi kuchepa kwa $.15 patsiku. Kuchuluka kwa umphaŵi. Komabe, akatswiri a zachuma akuchenjeza kuti ziŵerengero za anthu owonjezereka zingakupimitse kuwonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, opereka zinthu amapendanso Giniganitionss ndi mayeso kuti athandize osaukawo kuwonjezeka kwenikweni. Programuniyo imene imachirikiza mabizinesi, za zaulimi, ndi malonda a malonda a m'maindasitale kaŵirikaŵiri imayendera pa nyengo ya kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi.

Zaumoyo ndi Zakudya Zotulukapo

Kuwonjezako thanzi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zooneka kwambiri ndiponso zotsatiridwa kwambiri za chipambano cha chithandizo. Mwachitsanzo, ana amene amafa ndi osakwanira asanu, amayi amafa, ndiponso matenda otha kupeweka monga malungo, TB, ndi HIV / AIDS amayang'aniridwa kwambiri. Makampani a boma okonza katemera, ntchito za madzi oyera, ndi zakudya zowonjezera zimayesedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mayeso ndi zipatala zaumoyo. Mwachitsanzo, ana ambiri amene amalandira mankhwala othandizira kapena chigawo cha mabanja okhala ndi njira zopezera madzi abwino osonyeza kuti afikadi pa pulogalamu ya moyo wawo ndi moyo wopunduka (ALY) kuti aone mmene moyo wakhudzira.

Maphunziro ndi Likulu la Anthu

Zizindikiro za maphunziro zimazindikira kuti aphunzitsi, amamanga makalasi, kapena amapatsa maphunziro, makamaka atsikana, ndi pulogalamu yofala. Komabe, anthu opereka ndalama amagogomezera zotsatira za maphunziro: kuwerenga ndi kulemba ndi kuwerenga, kumaliza mayeso, ndi kusintha kwa sukulu. Maprogramu amene aphunzitsi, kumanga makalasi, kapena kupatsa maphunziro amayesedwa ndi luso lawo la kuwonjezera zaka za maphunziro ndipo, makamaka, kukonzekeretsa maluso apamwamba a maphunziro a msika wantchito. UNIDP imathandiza kuphatikiza maphunziro, thanzi, ndi ndalama, kupereka mlingo wosiyanasiyana umene anthu opereka ndalama amagwiritsa ntchito kuti apite patsogolo. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maphunziro a kugonana ndi a amuna ali ndi cholinga chokwanira pa cholinga cha kuyendetsa ntchito 4, ndi kuyendetsa bwino ntchito kwa anyamata, ndi kuchuluka kwa anyamata.

Udindo wa Kulamulira ndi Mabungwe

Opereka chithandizo amazindikira kuti chipambano chimadalira pa mphamvu ya mabungwe a kumaloko. Zisonyezero za m'dera lino zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kaonedwe ka ziphuphu, kuwongolera m'mayendetsera a zachuma, kulimbikitsa malamulo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama. Maprogramu amene amathandiza kukonzanso mapangano a zachiweruzo, mabungwe oletsa ziphuphu, kapena kuyang'anira anthu amayesedwa ndi kusintha kwa madongosolo a boma koperekedwa ndi mabungwe monga World Bank’s World Bank’s Devince Mectures kapena Translarency International. Mabungwe a Donors amapendanso mphamvu ya maboma a kulandira kulandira mayeso, kupha, ndi kupenda njira zawoza. Pamene chithandizo chayendetsedwa mwa kuchirikiza mwachindunji ndalama, opereka chithandizo ndi olandira kusungitsa chitetezo kwa ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma quecromagement quetiquetique. Greatman

Kulingana kwa Mabanja ndi Kugwirizana

Kulingana kwakhala cholinga chochepetsera mayiko ambiri opereka ndalama. Programu zimayesedwa ndi mphamvu za akazi pa chuma, kuchita nawo ndale, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito mautumiki. Zisonyezero monga kugawana kwa akazi pantchito yolipidwa, kuchuluka kwa chiwawa chochokera kwa amuna, ndi chiŵerengero cha akazi m'nyumba za malamulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendera kupita patsogolo. Kuphatikiza anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti aphatikizepo mitundu ya anthu, anthu opunduka, ndi anthu othaŵa kwawo. OECD amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri “kusavulaza magetsi a [1] ndi kupenda ngati maprogramu othandizira kusiyanitsa komwe kulipo. OECD amagwiritsira ntchito kulinganiza kwa amuna ndi kulingana kwa UN kuwonjezera unyama ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira kuti zikhale za amuna.

Kusungika kwa Malo Okhala

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukumayambitsa chiwopsezo cha kupita patsogolo, opereka chithandizo tsopano amapenda ngati ntchito za chithandizo zikuthandizira kusungitsa malo okhala. Zisonyezero zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kutulutsa carbon, mahekita a nkhalango zobwezeretsedwa kapena zotetezedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokhalanso ndi mphamvu, ndi kukonzanso nyengo. Mayiko ambiri odzipereka amafunikira kupenda malo okhala asanapereke ndalama zothandizira kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Makinawa a Paris A Progreement and the Sunkible Development Service 13 asonkhezera opereka chithandizo cha “kusinthasinthasinthasintha kapena kuchepetsa ngozi. Maprogramu a mapulogalamu amene amayendera kwambiri a malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi ziŵiro zazikulu zapadera za nyengo, monga momwe kwasimbidwira mu OECD Crevering Syviling Sy Syviding.

Malo Ofufuzira ndi Njira Zofufuzira

Kusankha zizindikiro zolondola ndi mbali ya vuto. Mayiko opereka ndalama amagwiritsanso ntchito njira zofufuzira kuti adziwe kugwirizana pakati pa ntchito za chithandizo ndi zotsatira zake. Njira yosankha imadalira pa mtundu wa programu, kupezeka kwa zinthu, ndi cholinga cha kupenda.

Mndandanda wa OECD

OECD Development Application Committee (DAC) yakhazikitsa miyezo isanu ndi umodzi yopimira imene imagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofala ndi opereka a Biladal ndi ambiri: liŵiro, kukhutiritsa, kuyendetsa, chiyambukiro, ndi kukhazikika. Kusintha [[[FLT:]] kusanthula ngati maprogramuwo a madeti enieni a zofunika. [FLT:] imayendera kuthekera kwa zolinga zimene zinafikiridwa. [FLT:] Kuthandiza kowonjezereka kwa mbali zonse. [FFFF:]] Kuthandiza kowonjezera ndi kuwonjezera kwa ziŵiro. [FFFFF.FFUM]

Ziyeso Zopanda Chosankha (Zotengera)

RCT, obweretsedwa ku kufufuza kwa zamankhwala, akhala muyezo wagolidi wopendera chiyambukiro cha zothandizira zapadera, monga kutumiza ndalama, maprogramu osowetsa ndalama, kapena maprojekiti a microfinie. M'RCT, olandira amapatsidwa mwapadera ku gulu la chithandizo (imene imalandira chithandizo) ndi gulu lolamulira (imene sii). Mwakuyerekezera zotulukapo, openda angatulutse chiyambukiro cha programuyo kuchokera ku zinthu zina. Pamene kuli kwakuti RCTTS imapereka umboni wolimba wa kubadwa kwa katswiri, amafuna mopambanitsa, ndipo nthaŵi zina amadzutsa mafunso okhudzana ndi mapindu. Amagwiranso bwino kwambiri ntchito, osati zocholoŵa ntchito zazikulu, zocholoŵa ntchito. [AFL: Abulvif Active Active Active protoption , opanganso zopanga ziwo.

Kufufuza Mtengo wa Mtengo ndi Mtengo

Opereka ndalama amagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zopindulira ndalama zothandizira kugula zinthu, kuyerekezera mtengo wa kuloŵererapo ndi zotsatira zake. Kusanthula kotayitsa ndalama ndi mapindu onse aŵiri kuŵerengera mtengo wa khoka kapena phindu limene lilipo. Opereka ndalama zothandizira ndalama (GAZI) m’malo mwa kuyesa mtengo wa ndalama zimene zatsala, monga madola pa moyo uliwonse wolembedwa. Opereka chithandizo ameneŵa amawonjezera pa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa. Chitsanzo, [[FLT: 0] Amaperekanso mafuta a mtengo wothandiza anthu ongothandizana ndi amene akugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira. Komabe, mapindu a kuthandizira (g.g., mtengo wa moyo wa moyo wa munthu kapena wa zaka zina, kapena kutsutsana ndi ndalama zina, zingadalitse zikhoza kuyendera ndi kusagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zikhalidwe.

Njira Zothandiza Komanso Zosiyanasiyana

Njira zothandizira anthu kuwonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa masinthidwe a chikhalidwe. Mayiko akupereka njira zopimira kwambiri monga magulu otsogolera, kufunsa mafunso, ndi kuyamikira kwapadera kwa kumidzi. Njira zimenezi zimapatsa anthu opindula ndi kuwathandiza ndipo zingatulutse ziyambukiro zosayembekezeredwa, chikhalidwe, kapena zinthu zina zimene zikusintha zimene zikuphonya. Kufufuza kophatikiza pamodzi ndi kufufuza kotsatira mfundo za kutsogolo, kumathandizanso kuti pulogalamu ikhale ndi chidziŵitso chochuluka cha mmene igwirira ntchito (kapena si). Kuthandizanso anthu a m'deralo kufotokoza bwino zimene zikuchititsa, kupititsa patsogolo uni ndi kuthandizira. [FLT: 0] Kufufuza bwino kwambiri ndi kufufuza kwa anthu opereka chithandizo.

Kulemba Zinthu, Kufufuza, ndi Kusimba

Mayiko amene amapanga mapulogalamu oyeza zinthu pa nthawi yake amaikamo ndalama zoyendera zinthu zimene zimayendera pa Intaneti.

Njira Zodziŵira Nthaŵi Yeniyeni

Kuyang'anira kwamwambo kwa kalembera kaŵirikaŵiri kunadalira pa kufufuza kwa chaka ndi malipoti obwerera kumbuyo. Lerolino, opereka ambiri amapanga maluso a zoyendera, masetilaiti, ndi mabodi ozikidwa pa mtambo kuti apeze chidziŵitso cha zinthu panthaŵi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, GPS yolemba mauthenga olembedwa mwa iokha, kufufuza kwa opindula nawo, ndi malongosoledwe a zopereka za ulimi amalola operekawonekedwewo kuona ngati ntchitozo zikuchitika mavuto asanaikire. Makompyuta ameneŵa amatulutsa pafupi ndi kulinganiza kwa zinthu, kutheketsa kuyendetsa zinthu. Komabe, amafunikiranso kusungitsa malonda a za makampani, maphunziro, ndi makompyuta. Monga mmene amachitira makompyuta a U. Agency ya International Development (USID) atulukira malo awo amakono, monga [FLP]

Kufufuza ndi Kufufuza kwa Pachigawo chachitatu

Kuti asungebe mfundo zolakwika, maiko ambiri opereka amapanga makampani ofufuza okha [1] kaŵirikaŵiri makampani ofufuza kapena makampani ofufuza aluso . Kufufuza kwachitatu kumachepetsa upandu ndi kuwonjezera kudalirika kwa anthu apanyumba ndi a padziko lonse. . Komiti ya Komiti ya Komiti ya Chitukuko cha Amereka ya Kufufuza ndi Oversalight [1] ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha kupenda kwa mkati koma kwaumwini. Opereka ena, mofanana ndi UK’s Folueldentical Office & Development , imafunikira kuti maprojective Office onse aakulu ayendetsedwe ndi “kamodzi mwa gulu lapadera. Kufufuzaku kumachitidwa poyera, kuthandizira kutsimikizira kwapadziko lonse pa zimene ntchito.

Malo Osonyeza Malo Oonekera ndi Maumboni Otseguka

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, kukakamiza anthu opereka chithandizo kuti aone ngati ali ndi chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane pa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito projekiti. International Aid Transparection (IATATI) muyezo wa kufalitsa opereka thandizo, NGOs, ndi maboma kuti afalitse chidziŵitso chofanana pa chithandizo, ntchito, ndi zotsatira zake. Mayiko onga Netherlands, Sweden, ndi United Kingdom adadzipereka kupereka lipoti. Ofufuza ndi magulu a anthu angagwiritse ntchito mfundo zimenezi kuti azichita zinthu ndi kuyankha mlandu. Kusintha kwa Transidiation, sikuwongolera zotsatira, koma kukonzanso zinthu, koma kuchititsa chitsenderezo cha kuchita ndi kutheketsa kupambana ndi kutsimikizira zonse ziŵirizo.

Mavuto Omwe Zinthu Zinali Kuwayendera Bwino

Ngakhale kuti masiku ano njira zofufuzira zamakono n’zocholowana kwambiri, mayiko amene amapereka chithandizo amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri poona mmene mankhwala othandizira anthu osowa thandizo akugwirira ntchito m’mayiko ena.

Opereka ndi Olimbana Nawo

Chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri ndicho kudziŵa ngati kuwongolera kwa zinthu kumene kukuchitika n’kolakwika chifukwa cha pulogalamu yothandiza. Zinthu zambiri zimakhudza kukula kwa zinthu , malamulo a panyumba, nyengo, mitengo ya katundu wa padziko lonse . Kumachititsa kuvuta kusiyanitsa chithandizocho. Ngakhale ndi ziyeso zongochitika mwangozi, kuoneka kwa kunja nkochepa: programu imene imagwira ntchito m'mawu ena. Nthaŵi zambiri maluso a quasi-epiri amagwiritsira ntchito machenjera monga kusiyana kwa zinthu kapena kubwereramo m'mbuyo, koma zimenezi zimadalirabe pa ziyeso zolimba. Monga chotulukapo, mapendedwe ena angalephere kukhudza mbali ina, kutsogolera ku kachitidwe kolakwika.

Kusokonezeka kwa Ndale ndi Zachuma

Maiko olandira kaŵirikaŵiri amakumana ndi nkhondo, masoka achilengedwe, kapena kusokonezeka kwa zachuma kumene kuli kolepheretsa ngakhale maprogramu abwino koposa. Zizindikiro za chipambano cha chithandizo zingakhale zopsinjika maganizo kwakanthaŵi osati chifukwa chakuti programuyo inalephera, koma chifukwa chakuti malo ochitirako zinthu asintha. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yomanga sukulu ingachedwe ndi chiwopsezo, kapena programu ya zaumoyo ingaone imfa zambiri chifukwa cha mliri wosagwirizana ndi chithandizo. Madoko afunikira kuphatikiza zinthu zowopsa zapansi pa mayeso, koma kuchita zimenezo nkovuta kwambiri. Mafufuzidwe ambiri tsopano akuphatikizapo “kufufuza kwabwino kwa pulogalamu yapansi ndi zotsatira zake.

Kusintha kwa Nthaŵi Yaitali ndi Zotsatirapo Zochedwa

Mapindu aakulu kwambiri a chithandizo . monga ngati likulu la anthu lokhala ndi mphamvu, kapena mabwalo amphamvu, kapena kusintha kwa makhalidwe, nthaŵi zambiri zimatenga zaka kapena zaka makumi ambiri kuti aoneke. Mwana amene amalandira chakudya chabwino lerolino adzangosonyeza malipiro abwinopo a uchikulire. Komabe ma bajeti opereka ndi madeti a ndale zadziko amafunikira zotulukapo zazifupi. Kulimbana kumeneku kumalimbikitsa kusumika maganizo pa kupambana kwa mwamsanga (m'jere., kugaŵira makoka apabedi) m’malo mwa kusintha kwa dongosolo la kanthaŵi (m., dongosolo la zaumoyo lolimbitsa). Zaka zambiri zimene zimayendera nthaŵi yaitali ndi yokwera ya nthaŵi. Donors akuyesa ndi “kufufuza kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwa mapulogalamu a pulogalamu imene imaneneratuliratu zotsatira, koma imakhalabe yopanda ungwiro.

Kudziwa Zinthu Moyenerera Ndiponso Kuthandiza

Maiko ambiri olandira ochepa ali ndi madongosolo ocheperapo oŵerengera, osoŵa zolembedwa zofunika, ndi ofufuza ochepera. Zolembedwa zolembedwa zokha zingakhale zolakwika, ndipo ziphuphu zingatsogolere ku malipoti olakwika. Zolembedwa za satellite ndi foni zimapereka mayeso atsopano, koma iwo sangathe kunyamula zonse . OD DAC Network pa Development . OOFLT . Amapereka malangizo ambiri owonjezera pa kuwongolera maluso a zoŵerengera za anthu, koma kupita patsogolo kumachedwa. Kusintha kwa chidziŵitso kumachepetsa kudalirika kwa kupenda ndipo kungatsogolera ku zonena zonama. [[FLT: 0] O CD DAC Netwonet pa Develoption FUlt [1]

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kuwongolera Kuyeneretsedwa ndi Kuŵerengeredwa

Pozindikira mavuto ameneŵa, anthu opititsa patsogolo zinthu akufufuza njira zatsopano zopimira ndi kupititsa patsogolo chithandizo cha kumaiko ena.

Kusintha kwa Zipangizo ndi Nzeru Zopanga

Kupita patsogolo kwa chidziŵitso chachikulu, kuphunzira mamakina, ndi kukonza chinenero chachilengedwe kukuthandiza kupenda kowonjezereka kokwera mtengo ndi kwapanthaŵi yake. AI ingathe kupanga mitu yaikulu ya mawu, zithunzi za satellite, ndi chidziŵitso cha malonda kuti aone madeti ndi zotulukapo. Mwachitsanzo, zojambula za anthu zochokera pa mafanizo a magetsi a usiku kapena ziŵiya za denga zingayese umphaŵi panthaŵi yeniyeni, ngakhale pamene mapendedwe a chinenero chachilengedwe ali osoŵa. Kufufuza kwa manyuzipepala kapena nkhani za mbiri za mbiri kungadziŵikitsa anthu onse ponena za ntchito inayake. Komabe, njira zimenezi zimakulitsa kusamala kwa makhalidwe abwino ponena za chinsinsi, kudalirana kwa masamu, ndi kuchotsapo chiweruzo kwa munthu ndi zithunzi zokongola. Doners amayang'aniza mosamala maluso a zamakono pamene akukula malangizo a za makhalidwe abwino.

Kudziwa Zolinga Zothandiza (SDGs)

SALG imapereka chilankhulo chofala chopimira kupita patsogolo pa zolinga 17 ndi 169. Mayiko ambiri opereka chithandizo agwirizana kupenda kwawo ndi SDGs, kulola kuyerekezera kwadongosolo ndi kugwirizanitsa. Zizindikiro za SDG monga “kuchuluka kwa anthu otsikira pansi pa mlingo wa umphaŵi wa padziko lonse. [1.1] kapena “kuchuluka kwa imfa za padziko lonse" (3.1.1) tsopano n’kuphatikizidwa popereka lipoti. Kugwirizanitsa kumeneku kumachepetsa kulinganiza ndi kuchititsa kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu padziko lonse. Komabe, SDG FIx idakali yogwirizana ndi zolinga za mtendere, ndi mabizinesi otsala kwambiri chifukwa cha chilungamo, ndi (SDG 16). UN’D: [FSD]

Kumaliza

Kuyesa chipambano cha maprogramu a chithandizo chakunja ndiko kuyesayesa kosiyanasiyana kofunikira kusanthula mosamalitsa, njira zopendera mopambanitsa, ndi kuwongolera kopitirizabe m'kusonkhanitsa ndi kuonekera kwa . Mayiko opereka ntchito apanga kupita patsogolo kwakukulu m'kuyang'ana zinthu zosavuta zopezedwa bwino ndi zotsatira. Komabe mavuto a kuchuluka, kusakhazikika, kuchuluka kwa nthaŵi, ndi kulimba kwa chidziŵitso. Chigogomezero chomakula pa kutsegulidwa kwa chidziŵitso, kupenda, ndi kulinganiza ndi SDGs kumapereka njira yopitira patsogolo, monga momwe kuyendera kulinganiza kwaluso latsopano. Potsirizira pake, cholinga sichili kungoyesa chipambano koma kuphunzira zinthu zonsezo ndi kulephera kwake komwe, kotero kuti ndalama zonse zothandiza anthu akunja zikupindulitsa. Kuthandiza anthu opereka chithandizo, njira zoyendera njira zothandiza bwino ndi kuwongolera zinthu za kuyendetsa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama m'zo.