Kupyola United Kingdom, chisankho cha meya chakhala malo owopsa kaamba ka malamulo olinganizidwira kuletsa ulova wa achichepere ndi kukonzanso maphunziro. Pokhala ndi achichepere oyang'anizana ndi malonda a ntchito ovuta, kukwera kwa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga, ziŵiya zopangidwa ndi oyembekezera m’mizinda yonga London, Manchester, ndi Birmingham ziri ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu kaamba ka mwaŵi wa zachuma ndi kuyendetsa zinthu. Masankhoti ameneŵa saali kokha ponena za zoyendera kapena ntchito za polisi za kumaloko . Iwo ngowonjezereka ponena za mmene angakonzekeretsere mbadwo wotsatira maluso, chidziŵitso, ndi chichirikizo zofunika kupambana mpikisano.

Kufunika kwa nkhani zimenezi sikungatchulidwe. Ulova wa achichepere mu UK, pamene kuli kwakuti kuli kotsika kuposa kukwera kwake kwa mavuto a zachuma pambuyo pa 2008, ukupitirizabe kukulira m'madera ena ndi pakati pa anthu ena. Malinga ndi Office for National Statistics, chiŵerengero cha ulova cha 16 kapena 24 wa zaka m'UK chinali pafupifupi 12% mu 2023, poyerekezera ndi opitirira 3 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Mpata umenewu uli wokulirapo m'madera a m'mizinda osoŵa, kumene wachichepere mmodzi mwa achichepere asanu angapangidwe monga NEET (osati m’maphunziro, ntchito, kapena maphunziro). Achinyamata amene ali ndi zotsatirapo zautali: achichepere amene ali ndi osoŵa ntchito chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa moyo, kusoŵa kwatha mphamvu, ndi kusoŵa kwaubwino kwa anthu.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, dongosolo la maphunziro limayang'anizana ndi zitsenderezo zake. Kuchokera ku kusiyana kwa ndalama za sukulu kudutsa madera osiyanasiyana kufikira kutopetsa kopitirizabe kwa kugwirizanitsa mapwando a zachuma ndi zobiriŵira, oyembekezera malo akukakamizidwa kulingalira mozama za mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zochepera zimene angakhoze. Pamene kuli kwakuti oyang'anira malo samalamulira sukulu mwachindunji, iwo amasonkhezera maluso, kupita patsogolo kwa zachuma, kugwirizanitsa, ndi kugwirizana ndi mabizinesi ndi mayunivesite. Nkhaniyi ikulongosola mmene otchuka oyembekezera ntchito zaudindo kudutsa UK akuperekera ntchito ndi maphunziro, njira zimene amapanga zopimira, ndi zopinga zimene zimaima m’njira.

Nkhani ya Ulova ndi Maphunziro a Achinyamata mu UK

Kuti mumvetsetse malamulo amene akupititsidwa patsogolo ndi oyembekezera, kuli kofunika choyamba kuzindikira ukulu ndi mtundu wa vutolo. Ulova wa achichepere mu UK si nkhani ya kudalira Mulungu mmodzi; iko kumasiyana kwambiri ndi chigawo, fuko, ndi maphunziro. Mwachitsanzo, data kuchokera ku Office for National Statistics [1] imasonyeza kuti ziŵerengero za achichepere aulova m’mizinda yonga Birmingham ndi Liverpool zili pafupifupi kuŵirikiza kaŵiri zija mu London ndi South East. Kugaŵana kumeneku kuli kuyendetsa koyambirira kwa lamulo lotereka kowoneka pakati pa oyembekezera ntchito.

Chipambano cha maphunziro chisiyananso. Pamene kuli kwakuti GCSE ndi mlingo wa A zakhala zowongokera m'dziko, mpata wa pakati pa ophunzira osoŵa ndi anzawo olemera umakhala wokulirapo. Institutitute ya Fiscal Studies [1] yalemba kuti ndalama zothandizira achichepere kumadera akumpoto ndi ku Midlands zagwa kumbuyo komweko m’njira zenizeni, mosasamala kanthu zaposachedwapa zoyesera kuwonjezera. Kusintha kumeneku kumasintha kukhala chuma chochepa cha malangizo, ntchito zapansi pasukulu, ndi katswiri wa maphunziro amene ali ofunika kwambiri pokonzekeretsa achichepere kaamba ka ntchito.

Kusiyapo maphunziro apamwamba, chisinthiko cha mwamsanga cha malonda chimapereka mavuto komanso mipata. Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito, nzeru zopanga, ndi kusintha kwa kabiribiri kukuchepetsa kufunika kwa maluso. Achinyamata ambiri amasiya sukulu popanda luso la masamu, maluso otha kusintha zinthu, kapena luso la zopangapanga limene abwana amafuna. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, magawo monga mphamvu zoyambiranso, malonda a zamakono, ndi maluso opangidwa bwino akusoŵanso luso. Anthu ongofuna kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta amakono amaona kuti vutoli ndilo limakhala mbali yaikulu ya chuma chawo.

Ozemba Malamulo Alipo

Mayesi a UK alibe ulamuliro wolunjika pa masukulu kapena mayunivesite, amene amakhalabe pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi boma lapakati ndi akuluakulu a maphunziro a kumaloko. Komabe, iwo ali ndi mphamvu zina zosiyanasiyana zimene zingayambukire mokulira ntchito za achichepere ndi zotulukapo za maphunziro. Kumvetsetsa ziŵiya zimenezi kuli mfungulo ya kusanthula malingaliro ofunsira.

Policy Area Mayoral Power/Influence
Skills and Training Control over devolved adult education budgets, apprenticeships levy funds (in combined authorities), and local skills improvement plans.
Economic Development Ability to attract inward investment, create enterprise zones, and support start-ups through business rate relief and incubator spaces.
Transport and Connectivity Investment in public transport to improve access to education and employment opportunities, especially in underserved areas.
Housing and Regeneration Planning powers to develop mixed-use communities that include affordable housing, schools, and training centres.
Partnerships Convening power to bring together schools, further education colleges, universities, employers, and voluntary organisations.

Makina ameneŵa ndi amphamvu kwambiri m'maulamuliro a m'mizinda yogwirizana, monga Greater Manchester, West Midlands, ndi West Yorkshire, kumene makampani a devolution asintha maluso ndi bajeti ya zoyendera. Mu London, meya wakhudzanso bajeti ya Greater London Authority ya maluso ndi maprogramu a ntchito. Ofuna ntchito m'madera ameneŵa kwenikweni amakhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndi mapulatifomu a ntchito, pamene kuli kwakuti awo okhala m’mizinda yopanda mphamvu zosinthasintha zinthu angasumikire kwambiri pa kulinganiza ndi kulinganiza kwa makampani.

Mabuku Otchuka a Mafomu Osiyanasiyana

Ngakhale kuti aliyense wofuna kubatizidwa amaika zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wake, njira zingapo zimene angatsatire m’dzikolo zimasonyeza kuti njira zamaphunziro zamwambo zokha n’zosakwanira ndiponso kuti njira zina zoyendera n’zofunika kwambiri m’dzikolo.

Kuphunzitsa Ntchito Zopanga Magetsi ndi Maphunziro a Zopangapanga

Pafupifupi woloŵa m'boma aliyense wodalirika wafuna kuti apange makampani owonjezera maphunziro a ntchito. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera ziyeneretso za luso pa makoleji owonjezera, kuyambitsa malo atsopano apamwamba a maindasitale ena, ndi kulinganiza maphunziro a ntchito za m'makampani akwawo. Mwachitsanzo, woloŵa ntchito ku West Midlands angagogomezere maphunziro a kukonza zinthu zopanga zinthu, pamene wochita maphunziro a ku London akusumika maganizo pa makampani a za magetsi ndi kupanga zinthu. Cholinga chake ndicho kutsimikizira kuti achichepere angasiye maphunziro othandiza, maluso okhazikika a ntchito m’malo mwa kungophunzira chabe zinthu zopeka.

Opita ku sukulu ena apereka lingaliro la kupangidwa kwa “mabwalo a zakupha” amene amagwirizanitsa makoleji ambiri, mabwana, ndi malo ophunzitsira ntchito pansi pa nyumba imodzi. Malo ameneŵa angapereke maphunziro osinthasintha, ochititsa chidwi omwe amatheketsa ophunzira kukulitsa ziyeneretso m'kupita kwa nthaŵi pamene akugwira ntchito. Njira imeneyi imasonkhezeredwa ndi zitsanzo zachipambano m’maiko onga Germany ndi Switzerland, kumene maphunziro a ntchito amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi kutchuka kwambiri ndi maindasitale.

Kukula kwa Maprogramu Ofuna Kugula Zinthu

Zopangapanga zidakali maziko a kayankhidwe ka zaumoyo wa achichepere. Atsamunda kaŵirikaŵiri amalonjeza kuwonjezera chiŵerengero ndi kuchuluka kwa malo ophunziriramo m’tauni yawo kapena chigawo. Amafuna kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zosonkhezera makampani aang'ono ndi apakati kulimbikitsa makampani ang'ono kwambiri ndi ocheperapo; kaŵirikaŵiri oyembekezera kuphunzitsidwa kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kuphatikizapo kulola kuti ntchito za ndalama zikhale zazifupi kapena kuchepetsa katundu wapamwamba. Boma la UK la Aprenticeshipy lasuliridwa chifukwa cha kukhala louma ndi losalimba; oyembekezera ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza kusinthasinthana ndi mmene ndalama zingagwiritsidwire, kuphatikizapo kulola maluso achidule kapena kuchepetsa katundu wa sitima zapansi.

Kuwonjezera pa manambala, mkhalidwe uli nkhaŵa yaikulu. Atsata amagogomezera kufunika kwa kutsimikizira maphunziro ku ntchito yeniyeni, yodalirika ndi kuti imapereka maphunziro olimbitsa thupi mmalo mwa ntchito zotsika. Ena apempha “chitsimikiziro cha achichepere” chimene chingapereke kwa wachichepere aliyense maphunziro, maphunziro, kapena kupatsidwa ntchito m’nyengo yakutiyakuti ya kuleka maphunziro.

Chichirikizo cha Kuyamba kwa Achichepere

Kuvomereza kuti si achichepere onse amene ali oyenerera ntchito zamwambo, oyembekezera ambiri amalonda . Amafuna ndalama zothandizira kuyamba kugulitsa anthu, makampani olangiza za malonda, ndi mbewu zimene zimapatsa anthu a zaka zochepera 25. Njira imeneyi njofala makamaka m’mizinda yokhala ndi magawo aakulu kapena a zamakono, kumene mbadwo watsopano wa oyambitsa kampani angalenjezedwe. Mwachitsanzo, meya wa Liverpool City Coart wachirikiza kale “Youth Entreneurship Fund . . Imene imapereka ndalama zokongola zazing'ono ndi zopitiriza kwa eni mabizinesi achichepere. Zochita zofananazo zawonekera ku Bristos ndi Leed .

Maprogramu a kukonza makompyuta kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi maphunziro a makompyuta, popeza kuti unyinji waukulu wa maluso amakono akuyamba amafunikira mlingo wakutiwakuti wa kukhalapo kwa intaneti, luso la kompyuta, kapena luso la makompyuta. Asayansi amanena kuti mwa kuchepetsa zopinga kuyambitsa bizinesi, iwo angayambitse dongosolo labwino la kulenga ntchito ndi zachuma.

Kuwongolera Kupeza Maphunziro ndi Kuphunzira kwa Moyo Wonse

Kusamalira zopinga zandalama ndi zapamwamba za maphunziro ndi zapamwamba ndi nkhani ina yofala. Magazi akupereka malingaliro owonjezereka a ophunzira olandira ndalama zochepa, njira zaulere za achichepere opita ku koleji kapena maphunziro, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa maprogramu a maphunziro a achikulire kwa awo amene anachoka pasukulu. Ena achirikiza kubwezeredwa kwa ndalama za ophunzira a pa yunivesite, ngakhale kuti zimenezo zidakali nkhani ya boma lapakati. Pamlingo wa doya, cholinga chake nchakuti achichepere asamachotsedwe ku mwaŵi wa maphunziro chifukwa cha kumene amakhala kapena ndalama zawo.

Ku London, anthu ofuna kuphunzira atsutsana za kufunika kopitiriza maphunziro aulere kwa anthu onse okhala m’madera ena, njira imene anthu ayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito m’madera ena, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wofunika kwambiri, koma ochirikiza mfundo imeneyi amati m’kupita kwa nthaŵi adzalipira ndalama zambiri za msonkho ndiponso ndalama zowonongera ndalama zogulira chithandizo cha anthu ovutika.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Unansi Wawo

Njira yothetsera makampani ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe ogwirizana ndi anthu popanga ndi kutumiza mapulogalamu a ntchito a achinyamata. Oyendetsa ntchito sakufuna kukhazikitsa njira zothetsera ntchito kuchokera pamwambapa. Ayenera kugwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a mabungwe othandiza anthu akwawo, magulu a chipembedzo, makalabu a achinyamata, ndi mabizinesi. Mabungwe ameneŵa ali ndi chidaliro ndi kugwiritsa ntchito achinyamata amene mwina angaphonyedwe ndi njira za boma. Nthaŵi zambiri amalonjeza kukhazikitsa “mabungwe a achinyamata" kapena“ misonkhano ya a achinyamata.

Mwachitsanzo, wopita ku Greater Manchester wapereka “Unist Working Taskforce” yomwe imaphatikizapo oimira a makampani a nyumba, malo antchito, makoleji, ndi mbali yaufulu. Ntchito ingakhale ndi thayo la kulinganiza zoyesayesa ndi kuloŵerera m’malo ena apafupi, ndi kusumika maganizo pa awo okhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba koposa a NEET.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Anthu Okhala ndi Magulu Aakulu

Kuti tisonyeze mmene njira zimenezi zikugwiritsidwira ntchito, tingapende zisankho zingapo zapamwamba za meya kumene ulova wa achichepere ndi maphunziro zakhala zapakatikati.

London: Bungwe la Achinyamata Loona za Ntchito

Mu chisankho cha meya wa London, woyang'anira wotchuka wapereka lingaliro la kupangidwa kwa bungwe la achichepere odzipereka pantchito kulikulu. Bungweli lidzagwira ntchito monga shopu imodzi yoimitsira ntchito, kugwirizanitsa achichepere ndi ntchito, maphunziro, ndi maluso kuzungulira mzinda. Ikagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi bungwe la pakompyuta lomwe lilipo, koma ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri, kuphatikizapo antchito odzipereka a zaka 16 kufikira 24 kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zosapindulitsa. Bungwelo likakhozanso kuyendetsa maprogramu a kuntchito m'masukulu ndi m'mabwalo a achichepere, kuyang'ana kufikira awo amene sakufuna ntchito kapena maphunziro.

Wofufuzayo akutsutsa kuti chichirikizo chimene chilipo nchogawanika ndipo chimalephera kusamalira zosoŵa zachindunji za achichepere a ku London, amene amayang'anizana ndi ndalama zapamwamba za nyumba ndi mpikisano waukulu wa ntchito zapamwamba. Bungwelo lidzachirikizidwa ndi msanganizo wa ndalama zophatikiza ndi ndalama za boma ndi kagulu ka ndalama za mabizinesi aakulu olembedwa m'likulu, mofanana ndi Appenticeship Levy koma ndi ulamuliro wa kumaloko. Otsutsa amakayikira ngati zimenezi zingawonjezere mulu wina wa bungwe la computer, koma chigamulocho chagwirizana ndi anthu ambiri amene akuona kuti dongosolo lamakonolibe.

Manchester: Kusintha Maluso a Makompyuta

Ku Greater Manchester, wobatizidwa waika maluso a foni pa chigawo cha maphunziro awo. Pamene kuli kwakuti meya alibe mphamvu yachindunji pa sukulu, wofunsirayo akulonjeza kugwiritsira ntchito “mphamvu yapansi" ya ulamuliro wogwirizana kusonkhezera masukulu ndi sukulu kukonza comping , kufufuza chidziŵitso, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Internet. Kufunaku kumaphatikizapo kupereka ndalama zophunzitsira aphunzitsi, makonzedwe a ufulu wa ophunzira a m'mabanja otsika, ndi mpikisano wa mizinda yonse wotokosa makompyuta amene amalimbikitsa achichepere kuyambitsa mavuto a zamakono.

Njira imeneyi ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi mbiri yomakulakula ya Manchester monga malo a zasayansi, ndi makampani onga Google ndi Amazon omwe akuwonjezereka mu mzinda. Wofufuzayo akutsutsa kuti mwa kusumika maganizo pa maluso a foni, akhoza kuthetsa ponse paŵiri ulova wa achichepere ndi kupereŵera kwa maluso olembedwa ndi abwana. Komabe, otsutsa akuchenjeza kuti kusumika maganizo pa maluso a kompyuta kunganyalanyaze mbali zina zofunika, monga ngati luso laluso la kulinganiza zinthu, kusamalira anthu, ndi kumanga kobiriwira, zimene zimapatsanso mwaŵi wa ntchito kwa achichepere.

Birmingham: Kufuna Kusintha Zinthu ndi Zoyendera

Ku West Midlands, wofunsira ntchito wa m'boma wasumika maganizo pa kukonzanso mmene ndalama zophunzitsira zimagwiritsidwira ntchito. Iwo apempha kuti achotsedwe kwambiri ntchito ya Aprenticeship Levy, kulola ulamuliro wogwirizana kuthandizira othandizira othandizira a kumalowo omwe amasamalira zinthu za kumaloko, mmalo mwa kukhala ndi ndalama zoyendera kupyola m'mabungwe a dzikolo. Kuwonjezera apo, iwo amalinganiza kuwongolera mautumiki a basi ndi magalimoto kuti atsimikizire kuti achichepere okhala m’madera akunja ndi matauni apafupi afike ku malo ophunzitsira ndi malo antchito okhala ku Birming City. Kawirika kawiri kawiri kawiri amanyalanyazidwa koma chigawo kumene kumakhala ndi malo otsika osungiramo galimoto.

Wofuna kulowa walonjezanso “Mpata wa Achinyamata” kugaŵira ndalama zochepetsedwa kwa anthu 16 mpaka zaka 21 akuphunzira. Kumeneku ndi kuyesa kwachindunji kuchotsa chopinga chimene chimalepheretsa ambiri kutengera mwaŵi kunja kwa malo awo apafupi.

Mavuto ndi Zopinga

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zambiri zopangira zinthu ndiponso zofuna kutchuka, pali zopinga zazikulu. Vuto lofala kwambiri ndilo ndalama. Magazi akugwira ntchito motsatira ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zambiri, ndipo kukhoza kwawo kugwiritsa ntchito maprogramu atsopano n’kochepa chifukwa cha ndalama zimene boma lawapatsa. Kusintha kwamakono kumatanthauza kuti zosankha zambiri zowonongera ndalama zikulamuliridwabe ndi Whitehall, ndipo oyang'anira malo ali ndi malire a msonkho. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, malingaliro ambiri amakhalabe okhutiritsa ngati sagwirizana ndi malamulo amphamvu a boma lalikulu.

Bureaucracy ndi chopinga china. Ngakhale pamene ndalama zilipo, njira yokhazikitsa mabungwe atsopano, ophunzitsa, kapena njira zophunzitsira zingakhale zochedwa ndi zolemetsa. Kusonkhanitsa zofunika kwambiri . Zonga nyumba, zoyendera, ndi zoyendera, kutanthauza kuti ntchito ya achichepere siikhala pamwamba pa zonse. Ofuna kubatizidwa amalonjeza kudula tepi yofiira ndi njira zovomerezera, koma kuikwaniritsa nkovuta.

Mayoral jrial system transmittee system media . Njira imene imagwira bwino ntchito mumzinda wotukuka wonga London siingakhale yoyenerera m'tauni yokonzedwa bwino ku North East. Ofuna kubatizidwa ayenera kusamala kuti asatenge njira imodzi yokha yothandizira. Kugawidwa kwa mipata ya zachuma kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale maprogramu abwino kwambiri opanga mapulogalamu angavute ngati kulibe ntchito zokwanira m'deralo.

Ndiponso, pali ngozi ya “maboma” pamene oyang'anira asintha. Zochita zanthaŵi yaitali monga kusintha kwa maphunziro zimafuna kusungitsa ndalama ndipo ndale zidzadutsa m'nyengo zosiyanasiyana zopanga masankho. Ngati meya watsopano abwera ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri, maprogramu angachepetsedwe asanabale zipatso. Kusadziŵa kumeneku kungaletse anthu a m'chigawo cha anthu kuti asachite zinthu zogwirizana kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Mipata ya Kukonzanso Zinthu

Ngakhale kuti pali mavuto amenewa, nthaŵi ino imapereka mpata wapadera kwa oyang’anira malo kuti asinthe. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa kabiribiri kukuyambitsa ntchito zatsopano za mphamvu, zoyenerera, ndi zosamalira malo okhala. Omanga mayeso angakonzetse achinyamata kuti akonzeke kuchita ntchito zimenezi, kulimbana ndi ulova ndiponso zolinga za nyengo. Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zakutali kukutsegulanso mwayi kwa achinyamata m’madera ozungulira malo osiyanasiyana kuti apeze ntchito zimene kale zinali zofala m’mizinda.

Luso la zopangapanga lachititsa kuti achinyamata azigwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzitsira ana, kuwaphunzitsa ntchito, ndiponso malo a ntchito. Mapulatifomu amenewa angathandize achinyamata kuti asamavutike kwambiri posankha zochita.

Mayanjano amagwirizana ndi ena ndi njira ina yotsimikizirika. Mwakugwirizanitsa kwambiri masukulu, makoleji, ndi olemba ntchito, mameya angapange kusintha kopanda mulu wa maphunziro a ntchito. Maluso abwino kwambiri amakhudza olemba ntchito pa mapulogalamu a maphunziro, akupereka maphunziro a ntchito kuyambira pausinkhu waung'ono, ndi kukhazikitsa njira zomveka zophunzitsira. Ofuna kukhazikitsa “masukulu apamwamba a zaumoyo" m'masukulu a boma, kutsanzira makoleji a maluso apamwamba a payunivesite, koma ndi maulamuliro okhoza kusintha.

Pomalizira pake, anthu akufunitsitsa kusintha. Mliriwu unachititsa achinyamata kukhala ndi maganizo abwino ndiponso kuti ayambe kukambirana zachuma. Achinyamata ambiri akhala odzipereka pa zandale ndipo akulamula.

Kumaliza

Ulova ndi maphunziro a achichepere zakhala ndi mbali yaikulu m'mikupiti ya meya ya United Kingdom. Njira zimene zikulingaliridwa zimasonyeza kuzindikira komakula kwa njira zamwambo zalephera ndi kuti atsogoleri akumaloko afunikira mphamvu ndi chuma kuti achitepo kanthu mowoloŵa manja. Kuchokera ku maphunziro owonjezereka a ntchito ndi maphunziro a kuchirikiza amalonda ndi maluso a magetsi, malingaliro amene oyembekezera kulowa ntchito amaikidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ali atsopano ndi ogwirizana ndi mkhalidwe wawo wa kumaloko.

Komabe, chipambano nchotsimikizirika. Kudalira ndalama zochepetsedwa, kugaŵikana kwa madera, ndi ngozi ya ndale zadziko zikuwopseza zonse. Mbadwo wotsatira wa mamaya sudzangofunikira kulinganiza zinthu zamwambo komanso kukhoza kupanga mapangano aakulu, kukambitsirana bwino ndi boma lalikulu, ndi kupitirizabe kuyang'anira mawu ambiri. Achichepere akuyang'anitsitsa, ndipo zosankha zopangidwa m’zaka zingapo zotsatira zidzalinganiza mwaŵi wawo .