Maziko a Malamulo ndi Malamulo Ochita Kufufuza Mabungwe

Malamulo a Congress akuchokera ku Mfundo I ya Malamulo, imene imapatsa Nyumba ya Malamulo mphamvu ya kusanthula monga mbali yachibadwa ya ntchito ya lamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba linatsimikizira mphamvu imeneyi ya kufufuza m'zochitika zowonekera monga Mcrain v. Daughty (1927) [[FL:1] ndi [FLT]] Watns v. United States (1957) [1957], kukhazikitsa kuti Nyumba za Malamulo zingakakamize umboni ndi kufuna mapepala pamene zifuno zotsimikizirika. Zimenezi zimafutukulira mwachindunji ku malo okhalako, kumene boma likulu likulu la dziko limachita ulamuliro pa kuipitsa, chuma chachilengedwe, ndi chitetezo cha anthu pansi pa malamulo aumoyo, monga Active, Acts Active, ndi Active, (Active, Convention, (A.)

Makomiti a Congress akugwira ntchito kupyolera m'mabungwe amene amaika kuyang'anira malo okhala ku mabungwe ena. Komiti ya Nyumba ya Malo Okhala ndi Ntchito za Anthu ndi Nyumba Komiti ya Energy ndi Commerce imatumikira monga malo oyamba a kumvetsera masoka achilengedwe. Makomiti ameneŵa amasunga maulamuliro ang'onoang'onoang'ono, kugwiritsira ntchito antchito ofufuza, ndi kugwirizana ndi Boma la Boma la Accountacy Accouncial Accounting Service (CRS) yofufuza zasayansi. Mabungwe ameneŵa amatheketsa Nyumba za Mabungwe kuchititsa kufufuza kosamalitsa zinthu zimene zingakhale zovuta ku bungwe lililonse kapena bungwe lachinsinsi kuti lizimbe.

Dongosolo la Komiti ndi Kufika Pansi

Komitiyi imalola kuti Nyumba ya Malamulo igawane ntchito yaikulu yoyang'anira chilengedwe kuti ikhale mbali zokhoza kuyang'aniridwa. Makomiti a pansi anasumika maganizo pa madzi, zinthu za poizoni, kuteteza nyama, ndi kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi kuti amve zimene zimawononga mitundu ina ya masoka. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Sub Compatee on Overst and Investitions mu House Energy and Commerce Committee lachititsa makutu ambiri pa kuwonongeka kwa makemikolo, kulephera kwa mapaipi, ndi kuipitsa madzi. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti mamembala apadera akhale ndi luso lokwanira lofunsa mafunso odziŵa bwino ndi kutsutsa umboni.

Mipando ya komiti imakhala ndi ulamuliro wokwanira wokhazikitsa mayeso akumva, mapepala, ndi zinthu zofufuzira. Ofufuza a ku Bipartisan kaŵirikaŵiri amayambirira kufunsa milandu ya anthu kwa milungu kapena miyezi, kusonkhanitsa zikalata, kufunsa mboni, ndi kukonza zinthu zopeka. Ofesi ya Goverment Accouncial Office mobwerezabwereza imathandiza zoyesayesa zimenezi mwa kupanga mapendedwe a anthu a paokha ndi malongosoledwe a sayansi amene amadziŵitsa makomiti ndi anthu onse.

Mmene Milandu ya Mabungwe Yokhudza Masoka a M’malo Otizungulira Inayanjanitsidwira

Kumvetsa njira imeneyi kumathandiza nzika, ochirikiza, ndi ochirikiza maindasitale kuchita zinthu mogwirizana ndi kuonekera kwa kuwala kolinganizidwa bwino koma kogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa zinthu.

Kukonzekera ndi Kufufuza Pasadakhale

Mboni zisanalumbire, antchito a komiti amapanga nthaŵi yaikulu m'makalata, makampani, ndi kufunsa kwamwayi. Ofufuza angapemphe ma email, malipoti a m’nyumba, zolembera za chitetezo, ndi ziphanga zolankhulirana kuchokera ku kampani yaudindo, mabungwe a boma monga ngati Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kapena Dipatimenti ya za M’dziko, ndi akuluakulu a boma ndi a boma. Nthaŵi zambiri zimenezi zimavumbula kusiyana pakati pa mawu a anthu ndi kulankhulana kwa mkati mwa dziko, kumene kumakhala mbali zazikulu za mafunso pa nkhani zaponse mkati mwa kampani.

Ogwira ntchito ayang'aniranso asayansi odziimira okha, ofufuza amaphunziro, ndi mabungwe osakhala a boma kuti amvetsetse kukula kwa tsokalo. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsera za kutayika kwa makemikolo kungaphatikizepo akatswiri a poizoni, akatswiri a za madzi, ndi akatswiri a kayendedwe ka madzi amene amathandiza makomiti kuzindikira mmene kuipitsako ndi ziyambukiro zake za thanzi. Kupeka kwaluso kumeneku kuli kwachinsinsi ndipo sikungadziŵike poyera, kumene kumatheketsa asayansi kulankhula mosabisa.

Kusankha Umboni ndi Mphamvu ya Zikopa

Kusankhidwa kwa mboni ndi chimodzi cha zosankha zazikulu zimene komiti imapereka.

  • Mabwana a kampani yoona za tsokalo kuchokera ku bungwe lochititsa tsokalo
  • Mabungwe a boma ndi mapulogalamu a boma amene amayang'anira maindasitale ofunika
  • Academic ndi asayansi odziimira okha amene angafotokoze zenizeni za umisiri
  • Ochirikiza a ndale ndi oyambukiridwa ndi okhalamo amene amapereka nkhani za chivulazo mwaumwini
  • Awithrible amene angakhale ndi chidziŵitso cha m’kati cha machitachita a dala

Pamene lamulo laling’ono la kusungitsa malamulo limafuna kuti bungwe la Department of Justice linyozedwe ndi kupatsidwa chilango chothekera ndi Department, chiwopsezo cha zotulukapo zalamulo kaŵirikaŵiri chimakwanira kusungitsa mgwirizano. Makampani oyang’anizana ndi kufufuza kwapoyera samaika pangozi kufalitsidwa koipa kwa nkhondo yaing’ono ya popa.

Tsiku la Kumva: Kupangidwa ndi Kukonzedwa

Chimvero cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala chimayamba ndi mawu oyamba kuchokera ku mpando wa komiti ndi chiŵalo chapamwamba, kutsatiridwa ndi ziŵalo zina zimene zimafuna kupereka ndemanga. Mawuwa amafotokoza wopanga malamulo aliyense̱ kawonedwe ka tsokalo, zochititsa zake, ndi malamulo amene akufuna kulondola. mpandowo kenaka umalumbira mwa mboni zonse pamodzi, ndipo mboni iriyonse imapereka ndemanga yotseguka, kaŵirikaŵiri yokhalitsa mphindi zisanu kufikira khumi.

Gawo la mafunso ndi mayankho limapanga maziko a kumvetsera. Ziŵalo zimalandira magawo asanu a mphindi zitatu (kaŵirikaŵiri kufupikitsidwa kufikira mphindi zitatu kaamba ka mayeso a apolisi) pamene angafunse umboni uliwonse. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amapanga kukambitsirana kofulumira, kodziwitsa kumene kungavumbulire kutsutsana pakati pa mawu aumboni ndi umboni wolembedwa. Ofunsa mafunso aluso amagwiritsa ntchito chinenero cholondola, zolembera zenizeni, ndi mboni za pinito ku inde-o - oyankha zimene zimapereka chilango chalamulo ndi cha ubale wa anthu.

Miyambi imakhala ndi mapulogalamu achiwiri a makompyuta kapena akatswiri komanso mbali zina za anthu a m’deralo kapena oimba maliriro. Kupatukana kumeneku kumathandiza komiti kuyamba kukhazikitsa mfundo zenizeni ndi zautsogoleri isanamve mwachindunji kwa anthu amene akhudzidwa.

Zochita ndi Malipoti Omvetsera

Pamene mlanduwo utha, komiti ingapereke ntchito zingapo zotsatiridwa. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kupereka lipoti lalamulo ndi zopezedwa ndi zivomerezo, kulozera umboni ku Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo kaamba ka kufufuza kwa upandu, kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo amene amasamalira mipata ya lamulo lomwe lilipo. Makomiti kaŵirikaŵiri amatsogolera mayeso owonjezereka kuchotsa mozama m'nkhani zenizeni zotsegulidwa mkati mwa ndandanda. Khorfer.

Chopangidwa chokhalitsa koposa cha kumvetsera kaŵirikaŵiri ndicho chinenero cha lamulo chimene chimayambitsidwa. Mamembala a Komiti ndi antchito awo amagwiritsira ntchito umboni ndi kupereka zisonyezero za malamulo zimene zimalimbitsa akuluakulu a lamulo, kuwonjezera chilango cha kuswa lamulo, kapena kukhazikitsa maluso atsopano otetezera. Makonzedwe ameneŵa angagwirizanitsidwe m'mafaindi alamulo kapena kulumikizidwa monga malamulo ofunikira kutsatsa malamulo monga ngati zikalata zotsalira.

Masoka Aakulu a Zachilengedwe Asokonezeka m’Nkhani za Malamulo

Mbiri ya malamulo a malo okhala a ku America imasumikidwa ndi masoka amene anasonkhezera kufufuza kwakukulu kwa msonkhano.

Mafuta Otentha Kwambiri a M’madzi (200)

Pa April 20, 2010, makina oboolera zinthu za magetsi otchedwa Deep Water Horiyon anaphulika ku Gulf of Mexico, ndipo anapha antchito 11 ndi kutulutsa migolo pafupifupi 4.9 miliyoni ya mafuta osakonzedwa kwa masiku 87. Nyumba ya malamulo inayankha ndi liŵiro lapadera. M’masabata angapo, makomiti ambiri anamvetsera nkhani zonse zokhudza tsokalo, kuphatikizapo kukonza njira yoteteza kuphulitsa, zosankha zopangidwa ndi BP ndi anthu ake, kupondereza kwa boma ndi Bureau of Oce Ener Ener Management , Regation and Enforcement (BEMRE), ndi kuwononga malo okhala ku Gulf.

Kumvetsera kumeneku kunatulutsa zotsatirapo zingapo. BP’ CEO adafunsidwa ndi anthu amene anavumbula kampani ya ̱ malamulo ophera mwambo ndi malamulo a chitetezo osakwanira. Mabungwe anadziŵiratu kuti BOEMRE adavutika ndi nkhondo ya chikondwerero, pokhala ndi thayo la kusonkhanitsa zilolezo ndi kusonkhanitsa ndalama zapampando. Kupeza kumeneku kunatsogolera ku kulinganizanso kochitidwa kumene kusiyanitsa bungwe la ’ kusungidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa ntchito yake ya zopereka ndalama. Kumva kunaperekanso umboni wosuliza zimene zinapanga malamulo olangiza za kukonzanso za ku Gulf Coast Coast.

Vuto la Madzi Otentha (204 - 2016)

Kuipitsa kotsogolera kwa Flint , Michigan ̱ madzi akumwa ali limodzi la mavuto aakulu aumoyo wa anthu m'mbiri yamakono ya America. Mzindawu utasintha madzi ake kupita ku Mtsinje wa Flint mu 2014 popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera bwino, kutsogolera kuchokera ku mapaipi aukalamba kupita ku madzi. Nyumba za malamulo zinasumika maganizo pa zosankha zimene Dipatimenti ya Michigan ya Environmental Secuty, EPAÙ imalephera kuloŵererapo, ndi kulephera kwa manijala wa boma wa za kachitidwe ka kapeseŵerengo Ù mbali yake m'kangano wa ngozi.

Flint ’ kumvetsera kunasonyeza mphamvu ya umboni wopereka mavuto a anthu. Nthaŵi zosaiŵalika kwambiri zimene anthu a ku Flint ananyamula mabotolo a madzi ofiirira ndi kufotokoza ziyambukiro za thanzi la ana awo. Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, katswiri wa za ana amene anayambitsa kugwirizana pakati pa Flint’ madzi ndi milingo yapamwamba ya mwazi, zinapereka umboni wodalirika wa sayansi umene unatsutsa kukana kwa akuluakulu a boma. Kumva kumeneku kunathandizira kutulapo ntchito ndi kulamula kuti aike piyano, ndi kugawidwa kwa mamiliyoni ambiri a madola a boma kaamba ka kukonza ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zaumoyo.

Mfumu Yagolide Yolemba Mapira (2015)

Mu August 2015, EPA ikugwira ntchito pa gold King Mune yomwe inasiyidwa ku Colorado mosadziŵa inaswa damu, ikutulutsa madzi okwirira okwana mamiliyoni atatu okhala ndi zitsulo zolemera mu mtsinje wa Animas. Malanje owala kwambiri anayenda kudutsa Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, ndi Navajo, kusakaza zosangulutsa ndi madzi a ulimi akugwiritsa ntchito. Nyumba za malamulo za malamulo a EPA̱ oyang'anira malo a Superfunding, Kampanist ̱ kulephera kutsatira mapulani ovomerezedwa ndi unjiniya, ndi kulephera kuyankha kwa mwamsanga.

Gold King akumva anagogomezera kusagwirizana pakati pa ntchito za kuyeretsa kwa boma ndi ziyambukiro za kumaloko. Mamembala a Congress ochokera ku maboma oyambukiridwa anakakamiza akuluakulu a EPA kulipirira ndalama zopezedwa zowonongeka za zoyendera ndi mapangano a nthaŵi yaitali oyang'anira. Kuzenga mlanduwo kunavumbulanso kuti EPA inasocheretsa anthu ponena za chidziŵitso chake cha mgodi wa ’ kusakhazikika kwa zinthu zisanatayike. Kuvumbula kumeneku kunasokoneza chikhulupiriro mwa bungwelo ndipo kunatsogolera ku kusintha mmene malo otchuka amayendetsera ndi mmene amagwirizanitsidwira ndi anthu a m'dera la madera ozungulira.

Kunja kwa Palestina Kumene Kumakhala Zombo 2023)

Pa February 3, 2023, sitima yapamtunda ya ku Southern Norfolk yonyamula mankhwala oopsa owonongeka ku East Palestine, Ohio, ikuchititsa moto ndi kutulutsidwa kwa vinyl chloride. Nyumba za malamulo zinapenda makampani a sitima a ’ njira zotetezera, ntchito za zoyendera za otchire, ndi kuyankha kofulumira kwa mabungwe a boma ndi a boma. Kumvetsera kunakopa chidwi ndi indasitale ya njanji ̱ kuchepetsa mowopsya ndi kuwonongeka kwa njira zoyendera ndi kuwonongeka kwa kusungidwa kwa chitetezo.

Kayendetsedwe kameneka kayamba kale kukhudza malamulo. Kapepala ka Railway Safety Act ka 2023, kamene kanayambitsidwa m’zipinda zonse ziwiri, kamaphatikizapo zinthu zofunikira kukonza galimoto za m’matanki, zofunika kwambiri zodziŵikitsa zinthu zoopsa zimene zingaperekedwe, ndiponso chilango chowonjezereka cha kuswa malamulo a chitetezo.

Kusintha kwa Lamulolo ndi Kusintha Kosonkhezeredwa ndi Akumva

Ngakhale kuti mayeso okha sangathe kukhazikitsa malamulo, amachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwa ndale kofunikira mwa kusonkhezera anthu, kuvumbula kulephera kwa mabungwe, ndi kupereka chilolezo cha malamulo.

Kuvomereza kwa Malamulo

Malamulo ambiri osintha zinthu asintha kwambiri. Magazi Ofesi Oipitsa zinthu a 1990, anaperekedwa poyankha ku kutayika kwa masoka a Exxon Valdez, kutuluka m'makutu aakulu amene analemba mipata ya kutayikira kwa mafuta, malire, ndi miyezo yotetezera. Mapangano a Chenea Water Act ’ adasintha zinthu zotetezera za m'magwete zomwe zinayesedwa ndi kuyeretsedwa mwa kuyang'anira masoka oyambirira. Posachedwapa, Maiwe Infraclatura Reformations for the Nations for the Nation (WIN) Act ya 2016 inaphatikizapo kuthandizira kukonza mtopoto ndi kupima madzi, makonzedwe omwe anakula mwachindunji kuchokera ku Flints.

Kumva kumachititsanso zilolezo za maprogramu a kuyeretsa. Pambuyo pa kutayika kwa Deewater Horizone, Congress inavomereza Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Micles, ndi Economistd Econverived of the Gulf Coast States (RESTRE) Act, yomwe inatsogolera 80 peresenti ya Deccoral Water Act Act ya Chilango cha Chilango cha Chisungiko cha Dziko ku Gulf Coa. Njira imeneyi yopereka ndalama ikanakhala yothandiza pa ndale popanda ndandanda ya mbiri yochuluka yomvetsera yonena za kutayika kwa ̱ kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chuma.

Kuyang’anira ndi Kuŵerengera

Pambali pa malamulo, mayeso amatumikira monga chiŵiya cha kuyang’anira mabungwe opitirizabe. mipando ya Komiti ingafune kuti EPA, Dipatimenti ya Interior, kapena Dipatimenti ya Chiweruzo ipereke masinthidwe anthaŵi zonse pa ntchito zosungitsa, kukhazikitsa malamulo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kuyeretsa.

Programu yosungitsa anthu yapangidwa mokulira ndi kuyang'anira kwa bungwe. Pamene kumvetsera kwavumbula kuti bungwelo lalephera kutsata kuswa kapena lakhazikitsa chilango chochepera kwambiri kuletsa kusamvera, mamembala a Congress angagwiritsire ntchito njira zoperekera ndalama za antchito osungitsa kapena kuletsa bungwe la ’ kukhoza kukonza milandu pamtengo wocheperapo wa chigonjezo.

Zolephera ndi Kusuliza Milanduwo ya Mabungwe

Ngakhale kuti pali mphamvu zambiri, mamembala a bungweli ali ndi polemba zinthu zimene zimapangitsa kuti asamathe kuchita zinthu zowononga zachilengedwe. Kumvetsa bwino zinthu zimenezi n’kofunika pofufuza ngati uyang’aniro ungakwaniritse zolinga zake.

Ukaidi ndi Nyumba Yamaseŵera Yandale

Akumva mowonjezereka amasonyeza kugaŵikana kwa maufumu amakono a America. Mamembala a Komiti angagwiritsire ntchito nthaŵi yawo yofunsa mafunso kutulukira mfundo za ndale zadziko mmalo mwa kukulitsa mfundo za tsatanetsatane, ndipo mboni za magulu osiyanasiyana zimalandira kuchitiridwa kosiyana. Kulimba kumeneku kungafooketse kuwona chilungamo ndi kuchepetsa akumva ’ kukhoza kukhazikitsa chivomerezo cha kusintha. M’zochitika zina, omvetsera amasinthasintha maganizo kuti agwirizane ndi kupikisana kapena kukhala mapulatifomu a nkhani za malingaliro zimene zimatulutsa kutentha kokulira kuposa kuwala.

Kumveka kwa makutu kumachititsanso kukopa kopotoka. Mabwana a bungwe la Corporate angawononge nthaŵi yochuluka kukonzekera mfundo zolankhula kuposa kusinkhasinkha za kulephera kwa gulu, ndi otsogolera angapereke mayankho ochenjera, a malamulo amene amabisa. Kufunsa mafunso kwachiduleko, ngakhale kuti kuli kofunika kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, sikumalola mamembala ake kufufuza nkhani zovuta za sayansi kapena zaluso pamlingo umene afunikira.

Kupitikiza ndi Kutsatira Zolephera

Akumva akupereka zivomerezo, koma sachita zinthu ndi ulamuliro wa boma. Ngati dipatimenti ya Chiweruzo yakana kuzenga mlandu, kapena ngati bungwe lina lalephera kukonza zinthu, komiti’ ntchito ingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zochepa. Masoka ambiri achilengedwe amayambitsa kuchuluka kwa makutu ndi malamulo amene amazimiririka pamene nkhani za nyuzi zikutsalira kwina. Mwachitsanzo, kampani ya Gold King Mue, itaika, inasonkhezera mayeso ambiri koma sinasinthe malamulo otsatiriratu malamulo a kuwonongeka kwa zinthu kapena malamulo a za mgodi wa mabwina.

Nyumba za Ufumu zija zimasokonezanso kupitirizabe kwauyang'anira. Pamene mipando ya komiti isintha pambuyo pa masankho, kufufuza kopitirizabe kungasiyidwe, mapope angachedwe kusunthe, ndi kusimba zojambula zokhala pansi , zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto a nthaŵi yaitali a malo okhala, monga ngati kuipitsa kwa pansi pa nthaka kuchokera ku zinthu zokhala ndi polyfluoralkyl (PAS), angafufuzidwe kwambiri kaamba ka kayendedwe ka Nyumba ya Malamulo imodzi ndiyeno kutha m’kayang'ka kaso.

Ntchito ya Mawu a Anthu ndi Uphunzitsi

Imodzi ya ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya kumvetsera kwa bungwe ndi kukhoza kwawo kukulitsa mawu a anthu ovulazidwa mwachindunji ndi masoka a malo okhala. Nzika zoyambukiridwa, pamene ziitanidwa monga mboni, zimadzetsa kufulumira ndi kulongosoledwa kwa makhalidwe kumene bungwe ndi malongosoledwe aukatswiri sangatengere. umboni wawo umasonyeza kulephera kwachindunji kwa malamulo ndi kusonkhezera malingaliro a opanga malamulo kuchitapo kanthu.

Mabungwe okhazikitsa malamulo a zachitetezo ayamba kuchuluka kwambiri pothandiza anthu. Magulu monga Natural Resources Defense Council ndi Union of Concerned Scientists amathandiza kukonza umboni, ndi kugwirizanitsa zinthu kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu ayamba kuyang'anira bwino. Malo audzu ameneŵa ndi ofunika kwambiri makamaka pomvetsera za madzi akumwa oipitsidwa, nyumba zoipitsidwa, ndi malo a maindasitale omwe ali pafupi ndi malo otsika ndi madera ena ndi mitundu yosiyana.

Kukhalapo kwa mboni za m’mudzi kumafufuzanso chikhoterero cha kumvetsera kukhala makambitsirano aukatswiri amene samakhudza kwambiri. Pamene mayi wa ku Flint afotokoza mwana wake wamwamuna ̱ akufotokoza mlingo wa mtovu wokwera, kapena msodzi wa ku Gulf akufotokoza kutayika kwa moyo wake, nkhani zimenezi zimapanga mbiri imene imamveka kupyola m’chipinda cha anthu omvetsera ndi kuloŵa m’makambitsirano aponse.

Njira Yotsogolera Matsoka a M’malo Otizungulira

Kusintha kwa nyengo, kusintha kwa zinthu zopanga mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi kusintha kwa njira zatsopano zamagetsi, zidzayambitsa ngozi zatsopano zimene zimafuna kuyang’anira. Mphamvu zazikulu za njira yakumva ya R kuyankha mlandu, ndi mphamvu yokakamiza umboni wa ̬ kupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza kuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala.

Mayeso ogwira mtima kwambiri amaphatikiza kufufuza kowona ndi kutsatiridwa bwino. Makomiti amene amaika ndalama m'ntchito zaukatswiri, amasungabe kupitirizabe kudutsa Congress, ndi kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma ndi a boma akupanga zotulukapo zokhalitsa. Ziŵalo zimene zimaona mayeso kukhala mipata ya kufufuza kowona mtima mmalo mwa kuchita ntchito zauchigawenga zimakulitsa kudalirika kumene kumatembenuzira ku mphamvu ya geogi.

Kwa nzika ndi anthu okhudzidwa ndi masoka achilengedwe, kumvetsetsa njira ya kumva ndi njira yoyamba yothandizira kukhala ndi phande. Kukonza umboni womvekera bwino, woona, kumanga maunansi ndi ogwira ntchito m’komiti, ndi kuphatikizidwa ndi mabungwe a anthu odziŵa za kumvetsera kungawonjezere kwambiri kuthekera kwakuti kumvetsera kudzetsa kusintha kwatanthauzo. Mbiri ya kutetezeredwa kwa malo okhala ku United States imasonyeza kuti kuyang’anira kochitidwa bwino, kungapangitse kuti pakhale mpata wa malamulo amphamvu, kuyeretsa mpweya ndi madzi, ndi anthu athanzika abwino.