Mphamvu si zinthu zongopeka zoikidwa m'mabuku kapena m'malo osungiramo zinthu. Zimaumba mtundu wa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku . Kumva mawu amene amamveka pa msonkhano wapafupi, amene amalamulira malo antchito, mmene malamulo amakhudzira magulu opatuka, ndiponso ngakhale mmene amakhalira ndi mabwenzi. Kuchokera ku chisonkhezero chachinyengo cha mtsogoleri wa mphamvu ya kuchuluka kwa chuma, mphamvu imadutsa m'zochitika zonse ndi m'mabungwe. Kuzindikira mphamvu zimenezi n’kofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuyendetsa bwino zinthu, kulimbikitsa kusintha, kapena kungopanga ubale wabwino ndi ena.

Kodi Mphamvu Zimasintha Zinthu Motani?

Mphamvu zimaimira njira zimene mphamvu imagaŵiridwa, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndi kutsutsidwa pakati pa maunansi, magulu, mabungwe, ndi chitaganya. Mphamvu yeniyeniyo siimakhala yachibadwa yabwino kapena yoipa; ndi kukhoza kwauchete kwa kuchita, kusonkhezera, kapena kulinganiza. Komabe, mphamvu ya mphamvu , mene imapezedwa, kusungidwa, kukanidwa, kapena kugawana kaya mphamvuyo itsogolera ku kugwirizana kapena kulamulira, kupondereza kapena kudyerera.

Mphamvu zikhoza kukhala m’mitundu yambiri, ndipo akatswiri a kakhalidwe ka anthu kaŵirikaŵiri amaziika m’mitundu ingapo:

  • Mphamvu yapadera . . . . . . . . . . . . .
  • Mphamvu yapadera – kukhoza kusonkhezera kulamulira, malamulo, ndi kupanga zosankha
  • Mphamvu ya chuma – kuyang'anira chuma, kutulutsa, ndi kugaŵira
  • Mphamvu ya kulongosola – kukhoza kuumba zikhulupiriro, makhalidwe, ndi miyezo yogawana

Munthu amene ali ndi mphamvu zachuma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu pa zandale.

Maziko a Mphamvu

Akatswiri onga Max Weber , Steven Lukas, ndi Michel Foucault afufuza mphamvu kuchokera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana. Weber anafotokoza mphamvu yokakamiza munthu kuti afune ngakhale kukana; Luka anayambitsa lingaliro la madendekana atatu lomwe limaphatikizapo kukonza ndi kuumba zikhumbo; ndi Foucault anaona mphamvu kukhala yotha kuulukira, yolunjikitsidwa m'nkhani ndi zochita. Pamene kuli kwakuti ziphunzitso zimenezi zimasiyana, zimayenderana ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu: mphamvu ndizo. Zilipo pakati pa anthu, zigwirizano, ndi madongosolo, ndipo zingasinthe mogwirizana ndi mawu a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mwachitsanzo, CEO ali ndi ulamuliro walamulo pa antchito, koma antchito olinganizidwa angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zotsutsa mwa kutsatsa malonda. Mofananamo, anthu opatulidwa angakhale opanda mbali ya ndale zadziko koma ali ndi mphamvu yapadera ya chikhalidwe mwa kusimba ndi luso. Kumvetsetsa mbali zimenezi za kugwirizana ndi madzi kumatithandiza kuona kuti mphamvu zamphamvu sizingakonzeke nkomwe.

Mphamvu ya Mayanjano: Kugwiritsira Ntchito Ndalama pa Unansi

Mphamvu ya kakhalidwe imachokera ku kugwirizana, kudalirana, udindo, ndi kukhoza kutumiza ena. Nthaŵi zambiri siimaoneka kwambiri kuposa ulamuliro wa boma koma imakhudzanso. Atsogoleri a m'mudzi, mwachitsanzo, angaumbe malingaliro mwa kungochirikiza ntchito. Kukakamiza mabwenzi angachititse khalidwe popanda lamulo lililonse lomveka. Kufikira chidziŵitso kuli mbali ina: awo amene amalamulira kufalikira kwa nkhani kapena miseche ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu m’chitaganya.

Malo Ochezera ndi Zosonkhezera

Kupenda mayanjano ndi mayanjano a anthu kumasonyeza kuti anthu okhala ndi maunansi ofooka (ogwirizana, mmalo mwa mabwenzi apamtima) kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa awo okhala ndi madongosolo oyandikana kwambiri. Lingaliro limeneli, lotchuka ndi katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu Mark Granovetter, limasonyeza mmene mphamvu ya kakhalidwe ingayambire kuchokera ku mayanjano osiyanasiyana mmalo mwa malo a anthu. M'makonzedwe a chitaganya, kupanga mgwirizano waukulu ndi osungitsa mitapo yosiyanasiyana ndiyo njira yotsimikizirika yopangira mphamvu za mayanjano.

Chitsanzo cha dziko lonse ndi mmene mabungwe a m’mafakitale amagwiritsira ntchito makompyuta mwamsanga.

Kutengera Zochita za Anzanu

Mphamvu ya kakhalidwe ka anthu imasonyezanso kukakamiza. Kufufuza kwa maphunziro a maphunziro a mzera wa kugamula kwa Solomon Asch ndi kufufuza kwa Stanley Milgram kwasonyeza mmene anthu amagonjera kaŵirikaŵiri ku zikhalidwe za gulu kapena anthu otchuka ngakhale kutsutsana ndi malingaliro awo. Pamene kuli kwakuti kuyesa kumeneku kwasulizidwa pazifukwa za mwambo, kumagogomezera chowonadi chachikulu: chikhumbo chathu cha kukhala ndi kuvomerezedwa chingapose malingaliro otsutsa. Kumvetsetsa zimenezi kumathandiza anthu kupanga njira zogamula zimene zimachepetsa chitsenderezo cha mayanjano ndi kulimbikitsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri ponena za mphamvu za mayanjano, onani kusanthula kumeneku kwa kufufuza [[FLT: 0] Milgram ndi ziyambukiro zake za ulamuliro ndi kumvera.

Mphamvu Zandale: Kupotoza Malamulo Amene Timatsatira

Mphamvu zandale zimasankha amene amapanga zosankha, mmene malamulo amapangidwira, ndi amene amapindula ndi malamulo a anthu. Imagwira ntchito m'masiteshoni ambiri a sukulu zakumaloko mpaka ku mabungwe a boma a mayiko. Anthu okhala ndi mphamvu zandale akhoza kuteteza zinthu, kuteteza ufulu, ndi kukambirana ndi ena. Anthu amene alibe malamulowa nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza zofuna zawo.

Mawu ndi Oimira

Mphamvu yeniyeni ya ndale zadziko imafuna zoposa kuyenera kwa kuvota; imafunikira kuimira ndi kutengamo mbali kwatanthauzo. Pamene akuluakulu osankhidwa asonyeza chiŵerengero ndi zikondwerero za anthu awo, malamulo amakhozetsa kukhala olingana. Komabe, zipinga zomangira zonga ngati kuletsa, kutsendereza ovota, ndi kusiyanitsa mphamvu za ndale zadziko kwa magulu olinganizidwa owonjezereka.

Mwachitsanzo, kufufuza kwa wasayansi yandale Martin Gilens kunapeza kuti lamulo la boma la United States limavomereza kwambiri zofuna za nzika zachuma kuposa za nzika zotsika kapena zapakati za anthu olandira ([FLT: 0] Gilens & Tsamba, 2014 ). Zimenezi zikusonyeza mmene mphamvu za zachuma zingasinthire kukhala ulamuliro wandale, kuimira.

Kutenga Mbali ya Chigamulo cha Boma Monga Mphamvu Yotsutsa

Mosasamala kanthu za kusalinganizika kumeneku, mphamvu ya ndale zadziko ingamangiridwe kuchokera ku mlingo wa chigawo. Kudzipereka kaamba ka ndawala za kumaloko, kupezeka pamisonkhano ya m'mizinda, kulinganiza zisonkhezero za ovota, ndi kuchonderera kaamba ka kusintha ndi mitundu yonse ya pangano la boma limene likufalitsa chisonkhezero. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) imapereka chuma kwa anthu kudziloŵetsa m'zochita zachinyengo, [[FLT:] kudziŵa zoyenera zanu [[[FLT: 1] kukhala sitepe la maziko.

Pamene anthu alinganiza mokhazikika, angasinthe ulamuliro wandale. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Civil Rights Movement ku United States, linaphatikiza zitokoso za zamalamulo, zionetsero zaunyinji, ndi kumanga mgwirizano kuti athetse kukondera ndi ufulu wosankha. Kupambana kwa gulu limenelo kunadalira ponse paŵiri mphamvu ya mayanjano (makampani, matchalitchi, atsogoleri) ndi ulamuliro wa ndale zadziko (kuukira, zigamulo za khoti).

Mphamvu ya Chuma: Chuma, Ufulu, ndi Kulamulira

Mphamvu zachuma zimachokera ku kukhala ndi chuma, kuyendetsa zinthu, kulowa m’malikulu, ndi kutchuka pa misika ya antchito. Mwina ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yooneka kwambiri ya ntchito .) Chuma ndi umphaŵi ndi zinthu zenizeni za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mphamvu zachuma m’malo amene anthu amakhala, maphunziro amene angapeze, zotsatirapo za thanzi lawo, ndipo ngakhale moyo wawo.

Kugwira Ntchito ndi Kutengeka Maganizo

Kuntchito, mphamvu zachuma zimagawidwa motsutsana. Olemba ntchito ali ndi ulamuliro wa kuika malipiro, maola, ndi mikhalidwe. Antchito angaletse mphamvu imeneyi kupyolera mwa maukwati, kulinganiza, ndi malamulo a antchito. M’zaka makumi angapo aposachedwapa, kuchepa kwa ziŵalo za mgwirizano m’maiko ambiri kwachitika ndi kukwera kwa ndalama, kuyerekezera ntchito zolinganizidwa ndiko chiŵiya chovuta kwambiri chopezera mphamvu zachuma.

Bungwe la Economic Policy Institute ([[FLT: 0] EPI, 2021) zolemba zosonyeza mmene mgwirizano umachepetsera malipiro a mamembala a bungwe komanso zimachepetsa malipiro a antchito osagwirizana mwa kufooketsa malamulo a malipiro m'mafakitale ambiri.

Kukula kwa Malo ndi Kusunga Malo

Pa mlingo wa chitaganya, mphamvu ya zachuma ingagwirizanitsidwe ntchito kaamba ka kusintha kwabwino. Mabungwe a zachuma a chitaganya (CDFIS), kugwirizana, ndi ndalama za kumaloko zimalola nzika kusonkhanitsa chuma ndi likulu. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la Mondragón logwirizana ndi anthu ku Spain limasonyeza mmene kukhala ndi antchito kungapangire chitukuko cha m'deralo pamene akugaŵira mphamvu molingana. Mofananamo, kudalira kwa anthu kuletsa kusamuka mwa kusunga nyumba zosavuta ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wa dzikolo.

Vuto la Kusalingana Madongosolo

Mphamvu ya zachuma imakhazikikanso m'madongosolo onga malamulo a msonkho, malamulo a choloŵa, ndi ulamuliro wa makampani. Kuchuluka kwa chuma kumapatsa chiŵerengero chochepa cha anthu oyambukiridwa ndi ndale zadziko, zoulutsira nkhani, ndi chikhalidwe. Izi zingapange chiwonedwe cholondola: ndalama zimagula chisonkhezero, ndipo zisonkhezero zimatetezera chuma. Kumvetsetsa zimenezi kumathandiza ochirikiza ndi opanga malamulo kukonza kusintha kumene kumathetsa kusintha kwa zinthu, monga ngati kuyendetsa ndalama, kuletsa anthu odalirana ndi ntchito, ndi mautumiki achilengedwe.

Mphamvu ya Chikhalidwe: Kusintha Makhalidwe ndi Kudziŵa

Mphamvu ya chikhalidwe ndiyo kutha kufotokoza zinthu zimene zili zachibadwa, zofunika, kapena zofunika m’chitaganya.

Kuimira ndi Kuumba

Nkhani zimene zimafotokozedwa ndi nkhani za chikhalidwe, anthu amene ali ndi chidwi, ndiponso nkhani zimene anthu ambiri amayendera, zimasonyeza kuti anthu a mitundu ina amaonedwa m’nkhani kapena m’mafilimu kapena m’zosangalatsa.

Pew Research Center yalemba kusintha kwa kuimira wailesi ndi ziyambukiro zawo pa malingaliro a anthu. Kusanthula [[FLT: 0] kwa media ya zionetsero [[FLT: 1] kumavumbula mmene mafremu (m, “mapikica” vs .“ kujambula ) kungachirikize kapena kuchotsa magulu.

Maphunziro ndi Chidziŵitso

Sukulu ndi njira ina imene imatsutsidwa ndi mphamvu ya chikhalidwe. Mbiri imene imaphunzitsidwa, mabuku amene amagaŵiridwa, ndi amene malingaliro ake amaikidwa kukhala amphamvu ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu. Kutsutsana pa chiphunzitso cha fuko losuliza, miyezo ya dziko, ndi malamulo a chinenero zonsezo zimagogomezera mphamvu ya chikhalidwe. Magulu amene amachirikiza maphunziro asukulu akusonyeza mphamvu ya chikhalidwe ya kukonzanso mmene mibadwo yamtsogolo imadziŵikitsira ndi chilungamo.

Luso Limene Limalimbana ndi Zochita Zake

Mosiyana, luso, nyimbo, ndi mabuku zagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi magulu a mchenga kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya chikhalidwe. Harlem Renaissance, hip , Chicano mulist, ndi Iniversal akusimba nkhani zonse zotsutsa ndi kutsimikizira kuti nkhani za m'malo mwake zilipo. Mphamvu ya chikhalidwe siimangokhala yokha; ikhoza kutuluka kuchokera ku mizu ya udzu, kupereka mawu kwa anthu osatchulidwa m'nkhani yaikulu.

Mphamvu Zogometsa

Kumvetsa mfundo za mpikisano umenewu n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu athe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendetsera zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Nyumba ndi Kukongoletsa Malo

Ganizirani za njira yoperekera chuma m’mizinda yambiri. Mphamvu zachuma (okonza malo, kugulitsa ndalama) zimayendetsa chuma ndi malo. Mphamvu zandale (malamulo, malamulo a msonkho, zokonza za msonkho, zolinganiza za mzinda) zimatheketsa masinthidwe ameneŵa. Mphamvu za kakhalidwe (makampani a anthu atsopano, eni mabizinesi) zimasintha chikhalidwe cha anthu a m’dera lawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Mphamvu za chikhalidwe (mafilimu a kuonetsa kwa “kusintha". Kusintha ndi“ kutaya".) kumasintha nkhani. Kwa anthu anthaŵi yaitali amapeza anthu a mitundu ya zinthu. [1] Nthawi zambiri mphamvu zoyendera kugawana zitsogoma zimatsogolera ku kubwerera m’dziko, kutayikiridwa kwa anthu, ndi chikhalidwe, ndi chikhalidwe.

Kulimbana ndi zinthu zopambana kumafuna kupenda pamodzi mbali zonsezi.

Ntchito ya Mwayi

Kusiyana kwa malo kumasonyezanso kuti ndi mwayi waukulu. Mkazi wachiyera angasalidwa koma angapindule ndi mwayi waufuko. Munthu wolemera wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana angayang’anizane ndi tsankho koma angagwire ntchito zachuma. Kuzindikira zinthu zimenezi kumathandiza kugwirizanitsa kusiyana kwa kusiyana kwa zinthu ndi kupeŵa “kuponderezedwa. koponderezedwa.

Ntchito Zothandiza Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu

Kumvetsa mphamvu za mphamvu ya mphamvu kumangothandiza theka la nkhondoyo. Mbali inayo ikutsatira mfundo imeneyi kuti anthu azikhala ogwirizana.

Muziwadziwa Bwino Anthu Ndiponso Muziwaganizira

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Kupanga Zosankha Zophatikizapo

Kulephera kulinganiza mphamvu zamagetsi kumaonekera m'zosankha za gulu. Kulimbana ndi zimenezi, kugwiritsira ntchito njira zolinganizidwa monga kulankhula mozungulira, kuvota kosadziŵika, kapena zitsanzo zogwirizana. Kutsimikizira kuti mawu achete amamvedwa ndi kuti maumunthu aakulu samalamulira zotsatirapo. Oyang'anira amachita mbali yaikulu m'mphamvu yolingana mkati mwa misonkhano.

Makina Opangira Malo Ogonana ndi Opangira Malo Ochezera a Pa Intaneti

Monga tanenera kale, mphamvu za chikhalidwe zimachuluka kudzera m'mabungwe. Mabungwe akupanga magulu osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mphamvu zotha kugwirizanitsa, mgwirizano ungakhale ndi manambala, gulu la anthu lingakhale ndi chikhulupiriro. Onse pamodzi, akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kuposa chinthu chilichonse. Mphamvu ya nkhani za m'mbiri

Wochirikiza Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kusalinganizika kwa mphamvu ya maatomu kumafuna njira zothetsera kumanga. Kusintha kwa ndalama za ndawala, kulinganiza malo, malipiro a moyo, ndi bajeti yothandiza kufalitsa mphamvu ya ndale ndi ya zachuma. Kuphatikizapo kufufuza, kusimba, kukopa, ndi kuyendetsa udzu. Mabuku onga [FLT: 0] Brenan Center ya Chilungamo [

Phunzitsani Ena ndi Kuwapatsa Mphamvu

Anthu ambiri akadziwa mmene mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito, sadziwa kuti mphamvu ya munthu ndi yothandiza kwambiri.

Kumaliza

Mphamvu zamphamvu sizimasinthasintha. Mwa kuzindikira mayanjano, ndale, chuma, ndi chikhalidwe cha mphamvu . Ndi mmene zimakhalira ndi mayanjano . Tikhala okhoza kugawana bwino lomwe m'mudzi mwathu. Ngati muli womenyera ufulu, mnansi, bwana, kapena kholo, mungathe kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso chimenechi kukhazikitsa maunansi ndi madongosolo. Cholinga sichili kuchotsa mphamvu (chinthu chosatheka ndi chosafunika) koma kugaŵira moyenerera ndi kuchigwiritsira ntchito mwadala kaamba ka ubwino wa gulu. Nthaŵi yotsatira mukumana ndi njira yopanga zosankha, kuwombana, kapena chitokoso kufunsa: [FLD: 0] Ndani amene ali ndi mphamvu? Ndipo kodi tingasinthe motani chilungamo?