Chiyambi

Kuthaŵa kwa anthu m’mizinda ndi zina mwa mavuto ovuta kwambiri amene amayang'anizana ndi olinganiza mzinda ndi oyang'anira zadzidzidzi masiku ano. Anthu a m'derali, njira zoyendera zopitira, ndi madera osadziŵika bwino a masoka amapanga malo amene amachitika zinthu zachiŵiri. Malinga ndi Federal Emergency Management Agency Agency (FEMA), kukonzekera kwamwadzidzidzi kuyenera kuyang'anira zonse ziŵiri kuyenda kwa anthu ndi njira zolankhulira zimene zimawatsogolera. Nkhaniyi imakulitsa njira zopimira potengera njira zopimirapo potsatira tsoka, kupita patsogolo kwamakono, ndi njira zoyendera anthu a m'mudzi. Mwakumvetsa bwino kuyang'anira kukonza njira za kukonza njira zothandizira anthu opulumuka. Nkhaniyi ikhoza kuteteza njira zimene anthu onse akuyendera.

Kufufuza Zolakwika za M’matauni Ndiponso Maupandu

Kumvetsa bwino kwambiri za kuchuluka kwa mzinda ndiko maziko a mapulani alionse opulumukira. Izi zikupitirira kungoganizira za malo osefukira kapena mavuto a zivomezi; zimafuna kufufuza mogwira mtima mmene malo ozungulira a zinthu ndi oyendamo amachitira.

Kusamalira Ubwino ndi Kukhoza

Kugwiritsira ntchito njira za geospatial jis system (GIS) yogwirizana ndi maupandu a kumaloko, olinganiza angawonjeze chiŵerengero cha anthu, malo ovuta (hospitals, masukulu, mafakitale amagetsi), ndi madongosolo a zoyendera. Maluso a zasayansi a kuwonongeka ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Kuopsa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyendera kumalimbikitsa [RVA] FLD] FMA [1] [FLT] Amathandiza kuyendetsa zinthu zotchingira zinthu ndi kudziŵikitsa mfundo zotseka. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa mphepo ya Katrina, New Orleans anamanganso njira yake ya Levee ndi majerea anthaŵi yeniyeni m'kamtunda kukonza njira zochokera. Ming mizinda yonga tsopano imatsatira njira zapale zapansi panyanja potulukira mkuppeto.

Kujambula Mapus High-Risk Massembly ndi Yin

Kuzindikira malo amene ali osavuta kukumana ndi ngozi zachilengedwe . Monga mapangano a nkhalango ya moto wa m'tchire, madera osungunulira tsunami, kapena malo osinthira zinthu a zivomezi . Okonzekera ayeneranso kutchula za anthu amene alipo usiku ndi usana; chigawo cha bizinesi chingakhale ndi antchito zikwi zambiri masana koma anthu ochepa chabe usiku, pamene kuli kwakuti madera okhala m’matauni ali ndi njira yosiyana. Kugwiritsa ntchito mathirakiti ndi zipangizo zamakono za magetsi, mizinda yonga Los Angeles yapanga zithunzi zojambula za anthu zimene zimauza anthu malo ogonana ndi malo opangika.

Kufufuza Zoyendera

Misewu ya ku Urban ndi milatho kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zochepera. Kulephera kwa mlatho umodzi kungathetse malo onse. National Institute of Direfect and Technology (NIST) imavomereza kuchita maseŵero a kampani kutulukira ma node ovuta ndi redundance . Mizinda iyeneranso kupenda mphamvu ya njira zopulumukira zoyendera mogwirizana ndi zimene zikuyembekezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, SITANSI ikupereka lipoti la 2017 kasupe wa Harrice Harvey [1] inagogomezera kuti Hous-areareareauve tray yadziwonetsekera chifukwa chakuti njira zoyendera zoyendera zoyendera zopimira nthaŵi zonse sizinayendetsedwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, kuyendera kwa zopimira ndi zopimira za mayendedwe za m'mapapo za m'mapapo za m'mapapoto sikungojambula mapu koma n'zogwira ntchito.

Kulimbikitsa Njira Zolankhulirana

Pa nthawi ya tsoka, nkhani zimakhala zofunika kwambiri ngati zoyendera. Kulephera kulankhulana kungasokoneze, kuchedwa kuyankha, ndi kuwonongeka kwa moyo. Dongosolo lopanga njira zambiri zolankhulirana limatsimikizira kuti mauthenga afike anthu osiyanasiyana m’njira zosiyanasiyana.

Madongosolo Ochenjeza Anthu

Mabungwe a Emergency Alermers (WEA), otsogozedwa ndi FEMA ndi FCC, amalola makampani ololedwa kutumiza foni ndi foni za magetsi zokhala ngati magetsi a foni. Komabe, machenjezo ayenera kukhala omveka, otha ntchito, ndi achidule. mizinda yambiri yawonjezera WeA ndi machenjezo a panja, zizindikiro za misewu ya pa magetsi, ndi kuyang'anira za manyuzi. Mwachitsanzo, Kuŵerenga.

Kugonjetsa Chinenero ndi Zopinga Zofikirika

M’mizinda yosiyanasiyana, kulankhulana kwa Chingelezi kokha kungasiye mbali zazikulu za anthu osazindikira. Mauthenga a kutulutsa ayenera kutembenuzidwa m'zinenero zoyambirira zolankhulidwa m'mudzi, kugwiritsira ntchito mapictogram ndi machenjera a maso. Anthu a ku America Odwala Culbeable Act (ADA) amafuna kuti chidziŵitso chikhale chofikirika kwa anthu okhala ndi makutu kapena maso. Zochita zimaphatikizapo mawu enieni a panthaŵi ya vidiyo osonyeza chakudya, malongosoledwe a mawu a mapu, ndi zilembo za mawu a magetsi pamipaipi. Matauni onga San Francisco apanga maapps otsogolera oyendera mawu a zinenero zambiri omwe amatsogolera ogwiritsira ntchito foni kuchokera ku malo awo osuntha.

Kukhazikitsa Chitonthozo Choloŵetsedwamo

Lamulo ndi kuyang'anira kwapakati nkofunika, koma nsanja za maselo ndi mipando ya pa Intaneti zingalephereke. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawailesi a mphamvu yaing'ono kapena ngakhale mawailesi oyendera mphamvu yochokera ku foni kukhoza kusungitsa kulankhulana kwa kumaloko. Kuphunzitsa akapitawo oyandikana ndi nyumba zamagetsi kugwiritsira ntchito njira ziŵiri kumapanga njira yosungira wailesi yomwe ingayendere yokha popanda makompyuta a akuluakulu a boma. Kuyankha tsoka kwa Japan kumadalira kwambiri pa “yakeyake magetsi . Mabungwe otetezera njira zolankhulira zamakono.

Njira Zoyendera Mochititsa Chidwi

Kuchotsa si njira imodzi yokha yothetsera mavuto. Makonzedwe ogwira mtima amagwiritsira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za mayendedwe, ndi kusinthira ku mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya nthaŵi.

Mabampu a M’misewu ndi Kuyendetsa Magalimoto Mochititsa Chidwi

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Mafupa Osiyanasiyana: Mabasi, Sitima, ndi Mapira

Si onse ali ndi galimoto. Makampani a Transit ayenera kutumiza anthu onse opanda galimoto. Malo osungiramo mabasi ndi masiteshoni a sitima angasandutse malo osungirako anthu ndi katundu wa sitima kukhala katundu woyendera mwa kukonzanso galimoto zokonzedwa bwino. Mzinda wa New York, mabasi a sukulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamulira anthu ovutika m’mafunde a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mabasi akhoza kuvuta kwambiri m’mizinda yotereka madzi; mkati mwa chivomezi cha 2010 ku Port-au Prince, kusoŵa kwa njira zopulumukirapo. Planners ayenera kusiyanitsa kutsekera ndi kutaya malo opulumula ndi njira zoyendera zofiira.

Njira Zimene Anthu Opunduka Angapeze

Njira zochotsa zifunikira kukhala zokhoza kutsalira kwa anthu ogwiritsira ntchito njinga za opuwala, zoyendera, kapena zinthu zina. Masitepe ayenera kukhala ndi malo otsekera, malo ogona ayenera kukhala ADA-compliant, ndipo magalimoto a zoyendera ayenera kukhala okonzeka kunyamula. Kuwonjezera apo, kulumala kwa ubongo kumafuna njira yoonekera bwino: zizindikiro zokwera padera, zithunzi zokhazikika, ndi malangizo a pakamwa. Livedry. Tsamba la chilema limapereka malangizo othandizira kukonza zopimira, kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsa “Chichirikizo Chapa Chapakho cha AIS" kaamba ka thandizo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mawonekedwe ndi Mafaniziro Otetezera Mipando ya Mabotolo

Zida zojambula zokhala ndi mapulogalamu apadera zimalola opanga mapulani kutsanzira kuthaŵa [1] kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwa anthu oyenda pansi, kuyenda kwa galimoto, ndi malo ogona. Maseŵero ameneŵa angatulutse mfundo zosayembekezereka, monga njira yopatsira magalimoto onse a mapazi panthaŵi ya ngozi ya pansi panthaka. Mwachitsanzo, FPA] FPA yagwiritsira ntchito zolemba zopimira kuyeretsa mabwalo a ndege. Pamene mizinda iyesa mapikicatowo ndi mabowonekedwe enieni, angawongoletse njira, kutumiza zikwangwani, ndi milingo yowongolera kuyenda.

Kuthandiza ndi Kuphunzitsa Anthu

Kukonzekera kuthaŵa kuli kokha kwamphamvu monga momwe anthu owononga amachitira.

Kupanga Chikhalidwe cha Kukonzekera Kudzera m’Nthaka

Kuphunzira kwanthaŵi zonse, koyenera komwe kumaphatikizapo magulu onse a anthu odziŵa bwino za njira, malo obisalirako, ndi makhalidwe oyembekezeredwa. Great Shake Up, mwambo wa pachaka wokhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri otengapo chivomezi, kumasonyeza mmene kachitidwe ka mobwerezabwereza kamachepetsera nthaŵi za kuchitapo kanthu. Mizinda ingatenge “kalenda yosasangalatsa” imene imagwirizanitsa masukulu, mabizinesi, ndi magulu achipembedzo. Pambuyo pa kujambula, kuchotsa zinyalala, kuyenera kutenga maphunziro ndi kubwerera m'makonzedwe.

Timu Zoyankha Zamsanga za M’chitaganya Mothamanga

SOMPHENYA la CERT limaphunzitsa antchito odzifunira maluso ofunika a kuyankha tsoka, monga ngati kufunafuna magetsi ndi thangato, chithandizo choyamba, ndi kuyang'anira kayendedwe. Magulu ameneŵa amakhala okakamiza oyankha aluso. Ku Houston, Ready. Agogo CERT odzipereka anatumikira monga ogwirizanitsa anthu oyandikana nawo panthaŵi ya mphepo ya Hurvey, kuthandiza okalamba kufika kumadera ozungulira. Kukhazikitsa maselo a CERT chigawo chilichonse kumatsimikizira kuti akudziŵa deralo akukonzekeretsedwa.

Kupatsa Mphamvu Anthu Oyandikana Nawo

Kulimbikitsa anthu okhala m’deralo kupanga “magulu okonzekera anansi apafupi” kumangirira likulu la kakhalidwe limene lingayambitse mavuto. Magulu ameneŵa angachirikize anansi osoŵa thandizo asanakhalepo . Monga anthu odwala matenda kapena opanda choyendera . Ndi kupanga pulogalamu ya Mapu Yonu Anansi, yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri ku Washington, imatsogolera anansi kupyolera mwa msonkhano wolinganizidwa bwino ku mapu a zipangizo (opanga, zipangizo zamankhwala, ndi kulinganiza yankho la kumaloko.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo ndi Umisiri

Kulinganiza za kuthaŵa kwa masiku ano m’mizinda kukuwonjezereka, kokhala ndi ziyambukiro zenizeni za nthaŵi, luntha lopanga, ndi mapasa a pakompyuta kumapereka chidziŵitso cha mkhalidwe chimene sichinachitikepo.

Kupima Nthaŵi Yeniyeni ndi Kusintha

Intaneti ya Zinthu (IoT) yothandiza kujambula zinthu pa milatho, misewu, ndi zipata za madzi a madzi imapereka chidziŵitso chosatha cha kulimba kwa malo ndi mlingo wa madzi. Mabodi a m'malo ochitira ngozi amasonyeza liŵiro la galimoto, malo oyendera, ndi malo ogona. Mzinda wa Austin umagwiritsira ntchito step yolumikizana zinthu zimene zimapanga makamera a pamsewu, radar, ndi malingaliro a anthu olankhulana ndi anthu othaŵa kumbuyo kwa zochitika.

Zolosera ndi Kulinganiza Mabuku

Makina ojambula anganeneretu kuti anthu adzathaŵa chifukwa cha zochitika zazikulu, nthaŵi ya tsiku, ndi zochitika za m'mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti ya Moto wa Los Angeles imagwiritsa ntchito njira yoonera kuti ndi anthu angati amene adzadzithamangitsa pansi pa mikhalidwe yopatsidwa, kuthandiza kulinganiza zipangizo zotetezera ndi kuyendetsa magalimoto. Okonza magalimoto angayendetse “ati ngati". Bwanji ngati mlatho wagwa? Bwanji ngati mankhwala a m'magazi atsekereza njira zazikulu?

Mawindo Osonyeza Kutuluka kwa Magazi

Asayansi a Singapore ayamba kupanga mahatchi oyerekezera kuyenda kwa anthu ndi galimoto, ndipo amathandiza okonza mapulogalamu kuti aone mmene kusintha kwa njira zapamsewu kumakhudzira anthu amene achoka. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti apange mapulani popanda kusokoneza magalimoto enieni.

Kupititsa Patsogolo Zoyendera Zaunyinji ndi Zosoŵa Zapadera za Anthu

Cholinga chilichonse chothawa chimene anthu amene akungowaona kuti ndi osayenda, osauka, kapena amene alibe galimoto n’chosakwanira.

Anthu Odalirika ndi Opereka Zoyendera

Maboma angasunge ndandanda yaufulu ya anthu okhala m’madera amene angafunikire thandizo. Pakachitika ngozi, anthu ameneŵa amafikiridwa ndi magalimoto osankhidwa kapena mautumiki angozi. Mabomawa ayenera kukonzedwa chaka chilichonse ndipo ayenera kuphatikizapo mafoni a wowasamalira. mizinda monga Boston imagwiritsa ntchito “Chithandizo ndi Chisangalalo” pologalamu ya anthu amene ali pabedi kapena yothandiza moyo.

Kugwirizana ndi Mautumiki a Makwalala ndi Ateusi

Kuwonjezera pa kampani ya anthu, mizinda ina yagwirizana ndi makampani onyamula anthu oyendera limodzi kuti apereke mapasinjala othawa okalamba kapena anthu olumala. Uber wachita mautumiki otero panthaŵi ya moto wa nkhalango ku California. Mamembala ayenera kutchula mawu, ngongole, ndi chidziŵitso chogwirizana kutsimikizira kuti kuyankha kwalamulo kulibe vuto.

Kuchotsedwa kwa Malo Osungirako Zamankhwala ndi Kusonkhanitsa

Zipatala, nyumba zosamalira okalamba, ndi ndende zimafunikira mapulani apadera. Odwala angafunikire kusamutsidwa ndi ambulansi kapena basi ya zamankhwala, ndipo chisamaliro chopitirizabe chitsimikiziridwa. Makonzedwe ameneŵa ayenera kukonzedwa chaka chilichonse, kuphatikizapo kugwirizanitsa ndi malo olandirira. Bungwe la Joint Commission likufuna kuti zipatala zikhale ndi mapulani oyenera kuchotsa odwala ovuta kwambiri.

Kulinganiza Kusintha kwa Moyo Wanu ndi Kuchira

Kusamalira kubwerera kwawo ndi kuchirikiza anthu othaŵa kwawo kuli mbali yofunika ya njinga yopulumukira.

Kuyang’anira Zingwe ndi Zomangamanga

Nyumba zachidule zosungiramo ziyenera kudzaza ndi chakudya, madzi, mawindo, ndi mankhwala. Okonzekera ayenera kudziŵikitsa malo ambiri ogona ofalikira mumzinda wonsewo kuti apeŵe kuchuluka kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, ntchito zofunika monga kusamalira nyama zoŵeta, zotembenuzidwa, ndi chithandizo cha maganizo. American Red Cross imapereka malangizo a ntchito zobisa ndi maphunziro a kudzifunira.

Kuyambanso Kulankhula ndi Kubwerera kwa Papa

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa chiwopsezo cha mwamsanga, nzika zifunikira malangizo omveka bwino onena za nthaŵi ndi mmene zingabwezere. Kusintha kaŵirikaŵiri kumachitika: ovomereza ndi antchito a zamagetsi, ndiyeno nzika za madera amene sanayambukiridwe kwambiri, ndipo pomalizira pake za m'madera owonongeka kwambiri. Kusungidwa kwa malamulo kumakhazikitsa malo otsimikizira ndi kutsimikizira chisungiko. Mavuto ofala a anthu akuphatikizapo kulanda, kumira kwa magalimoto, ndi kusokonekera, zonsezo zingachepetsedwe ndi kulinganiza kwapasadakhaleko.

Zinthu Zolembedwa ndi Kupita Patsogolo

Kufufuza kwapambuyo pa ulendo, kugwiritsa ntchito malo obisala, kugwiritsa ntchito foni, ndi malipoti a zochitika. Chidziŵitso chimenechi chimakhudza njira yotsatira yosinthira mapulani. Mizinda yambiri imachita “pambuyo pa malipoti a zochita” amene amagawiridwa poyera kukulitsa kukhulupirirana ndi kulimbikitsa anthu kutenga nawo mbali. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa moto wa California wa 2019, Santa Clara County anagwiritsira ntchito GPS kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja kusanthula mmene magawo enieni akuyendera, kutsogolera ku kupanga malo abwinopo.

Kumaliza

Kuwongolera mapu a kuthaŵa kwadzidzidzi kumafuna zambiri kuposa mapu oyendera limodzi ndi malangizo achibadwa. Kufunikira njira yamoyo imene imayendera mosamala ngozi, njira zolankhulirana zoyendera, maluso a zoyendera, kukhazikitsa kwa anthu, ndi kudula zipangizo zamakono . Izi zidzakhala zinthu zimene zimayesabe, kukonzanso, ndi kusintha malo okhala.