Chifukwa Chake Kulemba Zinthu Zolembedwa m’Masiku Athu Kumakhala Kothandiza Kwambiri

Mkupiti uliwonse wa kugoma umayamba ndi funso: ndani amene afunikira kumva uthenga umenewu ndi kukhalako? Mayankho ali kale m'nkhani za mbiri yakale. Chiŵerengero cha zinthu . Chidziŵitso cha zinthu za m'mbiri (chibalo chaposachedwapa, American Community Survey (ACS), kapena pakati pa decedeade , chimayambitsa mapu odalirika a mbiri ya chitaganya. Pamene chigwiritsiridwa ntchito, mbiri yakale imeneyi imalongosola zambiri kuposa kulongosola zakale; imavumbula njira zimene zimaneneratu za khalidwe la mtsogolo, kudziŵikitsa zikwama zosungidwa, ndi kulungamitsa katundu. Mabungwe amene amanyalanyaza kawirika kawirika kulinganiza zinthu, osachitidwa. Amene amavomereza kuti ikhoza kujambula zinthu zenizeni, zoyenerera, zapamwamba, ndi zothandiza kwambiri.

Nkhani ino ikufutukula pa malangizo oyambirira kusonyeza mmene mungasinthire magome a kuŵerenga anthu kukhala zolinga zotha kugwira ntchito. Tidzaphatikiza zolembedwa za mabukhu, maluso openda, kaundula wa omvetsera, kusoka uthenga, kupima, ndi mbuna zobwerezabwereza . Pofika mapeto, mudzakhala ndi dongosolo limene mungathe kugwiritsira ntchito pa kayendedwe kanu otsatira.

Kumvetsetsa Chuma cha Kudziŵa Ziŵerengero

Asanaloŵe m’madzi, nkofunika kumvetsetsa zimene zili m'chiŵerengero ndi kumene mungachipeze. United States Census Bureau imasonkhanitsa chidziŵitso kupyolera m'chiŵerengero cha declinity (zaka khumi zilizonse) ndi American Community Survey. Masinthidwe ofunikira akuphatikizapo:

  • Ukulu wa kugawa ndi kulemera kwa zinthu pa milingo ya block, trakiti, dera, ndi boma.
  • Age kugaŵiridwa (m., pansi pa 18, 18-34, 35-64, 65+).
  • Utundu, ndi chinenero zolankhulidwa panyumba [[FLT: 1]].
  • Ndalama zopezedwa m’nyumba, malo aumphaŵi, ndi nyumba zokhalamo (ndalama za . lendi).
  • Kupeza ntchito ndi malo antchito.
  • Ndalama za zoyendera zoyendera kupita kuntchito ndi nthaŵi ya ulendo.

Masinthidwe ameneŵa akupezeka pa malo abwino osungirako anthu, ndipo akusonyeza kuti pali anthu 600-3,000 okha. Zimenezi zimapangitsa magulu otsata anthu ochulukirapo kudziŵa malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri amene akubedwa m’malo modalira pa avareji ya mizinda yonse.

Kufufuza kwa m'mbiri, Census Bureau ya API [1] imapereka mathebulo a masamu obwerera kumbuyo zaka makumi ambiri. Zida zonga data.census. gov imagaŵira magome omangidwapo ndi maapu ya wogwiritsira ntchito wosakhala pulogalamu. Kwa awo amene ali ndi mapulogalamu okongola, mavolowera ambiri alipo. Nthaŵi zonse yang'anani zithunzi zaposachedwapa za ACS kuti mupeze chithunzi chokhazikika cha madera aang'ono.

Zimene Zikuchitika Kale Zikusintha

Kuyerekezera ndandanda ya anthu ambiri yamakono kumasonyeza zinthu zimene zimachitika: Kodi mabanja ang'onoang'ono akusamukira m'derali mofulumira? Kodi malo amene akukumana ndi mavuto a zachuma? Kodi zimenezi zimasintha njira yoyendera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati a ACS akusonyeza kuti anthu a ku Spain amalankhulana m’chigawo china akukula ndi 40% m’zaka khumi zapitazi, zinthu zimene mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ziyenera kuphatikizapo Mabaibulo a Spanish-zinenero ndi gulu la anthu amene amalankhula chinenerocho. Ngati thirakiti la kalembera limene lili ndi Intaneti yochepa tsopano likusonyeza kuti anthu akulandira bwino, mungasiye kulowa pa khomo-kuimba ndi kujambula masamu a malonda m'deralo.

Zimene mukudziwa kale zingakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati mungathe kuwerenga kalembera wa zaka 18-24 pambuyo pa ntchito yanu yolemba mapepala?

Sitepe ndi Mtengo: Kuchokera ku Magome Osamera Kufikira ku Kutseguka

Nkhani yoyamba inatchula njira zisanu zimene tingagwiritse ntchito popanga njira zofufuzira, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, ndiponso malangizo othandiza.

Sungani Zinthu ndi Kulinganiza

. Ngati muyendetsa mzinda wonse, tumizani mathirakiti a trakiti kuti mulembe tauniyo. Ngati mugwira ntchito kumudzi, mungafunikire chidziŵitso cha chigawo chapamwamba kuti mupeze mayeso okwanira.

  • Ulendo data.gov ndi kusankha "Kufunafuna Kwapamwamba"
  • Sankhani malo amene mumakhala (kagulu ka zidutswa, dera) ndi malo amene mukukhala.
  • Sankhani kafukufuku amene anachitika: Decciennial Census (2020, 2010) yonena za anthu owerengeka, kapena kuti kuyerekezera kwa zaka 5 (kaundula: 2018 - 2022) kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, chuma, ndi nyumba.
  • Mukafuna kuwerenga pa tebulolo, muziona kuti pali mamepu ambiri.
  • Pongani mafaelo m'chikalata chaka chilichonse. Tatchulani kuti: g., , .

. . Gwiritsirani ntchito dikishonale ya deciation kujambula tanthauzo la m'danga lililonse. Bungwe la Census Bureau limafalitsa zigoba zapagome zokhala ndi zidutswa zimene zimalongosola kusiyanasiyana kulikonse. Ikaninso madanga ku chinthu china chodziŵidwa bwino musanachipende.

2 Dziwani Zimene Mungachite Kuti Mukhale ndi Zolinga Zokhudza Anthu Okhala ndi Moyo Wosagawanika

Zolinga zanu zofikirapo zolinga zimatsimikizira kuti ndi zinthu ziti zimene muyenera kuika patsogolo. Mapulani odziwika bwino a zolinga ndi kuisintha ndi:

Outreach GoalKey Census Variables
Vaccination campaignPopulation 65+, uninsured rate, poverty rate, language isolation (households where no one speaks English "very well")
College financial aid infoHouseholds with children 15–19, median household income, educational attainment of adults (high school only)
Small business loan programNumber of businesses, owner demographics (race/ethnicity), proportion of renters vs. homeowners (home equity as collateral)
Voter registration driveCitizen voting-age population, race/ethnicity, age buckets, housing mobility (moved in last year)

Tachotsani mawu amene amaphatikizapo mizati yokha imene mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna kufikira eninyumba achinyamata a ku Latino, mufunikira mathirakiti kumene Latino peresenti ili pamwamba pa wailesi ya tauni ndi mlingo wa nyumba ndi 50%. Kupanga mndandanda wosavuta (chiwerengero chachikulu cha zinthu zofunika) kungathandize kuika mathirakiti ndi kufunitsitsa kapena mwaŵi.

3. Fufuzani Mikhalidwe M’kupita kwa Nthaŵi

Kuyerekezera zaka ziŵiri kapena kuposapo za kuŵerenga anthu kumasonyeza zimene ziyenera kusintha. Gwiritsani ntchito malire a malo omwewo zaka zambiri. (Kutumiza: Mapepala: Kuŵerengera nthaŵi zina amasintha pakati pa zaka makumi ambiri. Gwiritsirani ntchito mafaelo a [[FLT: 0] aunansi a Bureau [[FLT: 1] kugwirizanitsa.

Ŵerengani deresi kaamba ka kusiyanasiyana kulikonse: . Matrakiti-defa la maonekedwe okhala ndi ma v. kusintha kosiyana. Seewerani

  • Kukula kwachisawawa m'gulu la anthu (m’chitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha anthu a ku Asia 50% m’thirakiti). Gulu limenelo lingakhale lokulirapo tsopano kuvomereza kuti lifikitsidwe.
  • Omakwirira a anthu m'trakiti(mayikebe) ayenera kuikidwa pamalo ena.
  • Umphaŵi womawonjezereka pamodzi ndi kukwera kwa katundu wa lendi (nyumba zikulipira > 30% ya ndalama zopezedwa pa nyumba). Zimenezi zikusonyeza chitaganya chopanikizidwa chimene chingafunikire mautumiki a anthu.

Chitsanzo cha [1] Chitsanzo cha Malo: Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo inazindikira kuti matrakiti okhala ndi okalamba omakula anasonyezanso kuchepa kwa mabanja ndi galimoto. Anawonjezera katemera wa katemera wa m'magalimoto ku madera amenewo, kufikira achikulire amene sakanatha kupita ku zipatala.

Kanganizani Kagulu Kanu ka Omvetsera ndi Magulu Osavuta Kuchita

Kuika chigawo m’magulu sikuphatikizapo kungolemba chiŵerengero cha anthu chabe, koma kulenga munthu ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulirana.

  • Mabanja ochulukitsitsa : matrakiti a ana ochepera pa 12 ndi mabanja olandira aŵiri (onse aŵiri makolo amagwira ntchito). Kufikira: madzulo / madzulo, zikumbutso za pa mlungu, malembo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mwaunyinji odzipatula [[FLT: 1]]: matrakiti kumene [1] 10% ya mabanja ali opatulidwa ndi zinenero ndi nyengo ya oulutsa nkhani ndi 55+. Kufalikira: kwa antchito a zaumoyo a m'chitaganya amene amalankhula chinenero chofala chosakhala Chingelezi (m., Mandarin, Spanish, Vietnamese).
  • [[FLT: 0] Nzika za m'dziko kutali ndi mautumiki : chidziŵitso cha chigawo chosonyeza kuchepa kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu ndi makilomita ambiri ku chipatala chapafupi. Kubwera: maposi, kusatsa wailesi, mayanjano ndi matchalitchi akumalo.

Gwiritsirani ntchito chiŵiya chaulere chonga Isikeri [1] kapena pitani mapu anu m'Mapu ya Google My Mapu mwa kukweza CSV yanu ndi GEOID ndi launiverset centroids menu kuchokera ku CVS TIGEGER / frames.

5. Mauthenga ndi Njira Zomwe Anthu Akufuna Kuzigwiritsa Ntchito

Gawo lililonse limafunikira uthenga wogwirizana ndi makhalidwe awo, nkhaŵa zawo, ndi chinenero chimene amakonda. Kuŵerengera kumapereka nkhani yake, koma mufunikirabe kufufuza (ma studia, magulu apamwamba) kuti mupeze mawu enieni olembedwa. Komabe, mukhoza kupanga ma bets anzeru:

  • Kwa mabanja obwereka ndalama zochepa: gogomezerani kuthekera, kumasuka, ndi mmene programu imachepetsera mtolo wa zandalama. Gwiritsirani uthenga wa mphamvu (“Muyenera thandizo limeneli”. Channel: oyendetsa mabasi, mauthenga, mabodi a meseji a pakati pa chigawo cha media.
  • Kwa mabanja okhala ndi ana a ku koleji: kupanikizika ndi mapindu anthaŵi yaitali, kulipira msonkho, ndi kulinganiza zamtsogolo. Channel: Makalata a email ochokera ku sukulu, olemba malo akwanuko, adayang'anira kusatsa malonda kwa Facebook mwa zip.
  • Kwa anthu a m’madera akumidzi olima: amalimbikitsa kugwirizana ndi mafamu a m’deralo, kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi ndi kusindikiza m’nyuzipepala.

Yesani mauthenga anu: Kuyesa A/B ndi kugula pang'ono ($50-100 pamlingo uliwonse) musanaike ). Track (matembenuzidwe) iti imatulutsa kutsekereza kowonjezereka, mafoni, kapena maulendo. CVS ingakuuzeninso kuti ndi madeksijini otani amene angayesedwemo.

Maprogramu Enieni a Dziko: Mmene Mabungwe Amagwiritsirira Ntchito Kuŵerengera M’kusintha

Nkhani zotsatirazi zikusonyeza mfundo zimene zingakuthandizeni.

Thanzi la Onse: Kuwongolera Mkate Wabwino

Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ya boma inagwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha ACS kudziŵikitsa mathirakiti oŵerengera anthu kumene chiŵerengero cha anthu a Black chinali pamwamba pa avareji ya boma ndi chiŵerengero cha anthu opanda makampani chinaposa 10%. Iwo anadutsa ndi chidziŵitso cha m'mbiri ya 2010 kuti aone matrakiti ati amene adapeza anthu akuda kwambiri m'zaka khumi (kupangira magawo atsopano). M’matrakiti amenewo, iwo analemba antchito a zaumoyo a anthu ochokera ku matchalitchi a Black ndi masitolo a kutumiza katemera kotsekedzana. Chotulukapo: Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chiŵerengero cha mathithiwo chinakwera ndi 22% poyerekezera ndi 7% ya mathikito osaperekedwa ndi owonjezereka koma mathirakiti ofanana ndi anthu ambiri.

Community College: Kuwonjezera Kulembetsa

Kampani ya koleji ya chitaganya inatulukira kuchokera pa 2020 chidziŵitso cha anthu cha kuŵerengera anthu cha m'ma 2020 kuti malo ake otumikira anali ndi chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha anthu oyembekezeredwa chaka ndi chaka cha 25-34 omwe alibe digiri ya jastifomu. Ambiri anali m’mabanja olandira $300,000 $500,000. Kolejiyo inapangidwa projekiti yopatsira: uthenga umodzi wa makolo (oyendetsa mtengo wotsika ndi kutumiza njira zopimira) ndi wina wa achikulire okha (kupita patsogolo, makalasi a usiku, magiredi a pa Intaneti). Iwo anapereka malonda pa kampani yotumiza anthu onse (kumene kumalembetsa a a zaka 15%) ndi pa mapulatifomu (oyendetsedwa ndi zikalata za pa zilembo). Kulembetsa kwa 25 ndi zaka 34 .

Banki Yosapeza Phindu: Kupeza Njala Yobisika

Mabanki ambiri a chakudya amadalira pa chidziŵitso cha makasitomala okha, koma kuti amasoŵa anthu amene sachezera. Banki ya chakudya inayerekezera 2019 ndi 2021 ACS kuti iwone matrakiti amene ali ndi chiwonjezeko chachikulu koposa mu SNAP (sitemu ya chakudya) . Khoti lolembapo anthu osoŵa. Iwo adagwiritsira ntchito pepala loŵerengera anthu pa galimoto ndi mtunda wopita ku masitolo kukazindikira “zipululu za chakudya" mkati mwa matrakitiwo. Kukwera kuchoka ku kusaina m'mapepala a khomo ndi mamesitala ndi mayanjano a chakudya pa mapulogalamu a Wheels, amene anachezera kale anthu okalamba. Chiyambukiro: 30% ya kuwonjezeka kwa maulendo oyamba ogulitsa oyendera malo ola olandiridwa.

Mapindu Amene Mungawapeze

Kugwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha kuŵerenga kumapereka mapindu otsimikizirika, oyenerera:

  • Mwezi wapamwamba wa mayankho. Pamene mulankhula ndi anthu oyenerera pa njira yoyenerera, mtengo wanu pa yankho limatsika. Mkupiti wa makalata osonyezedwa bwino ukhoza kukwaniritsa 5-10% poyerekezera ndi 1-2% ya makalata aunyinji osasiyana.
  • Mumaleka kutumiza makalata ku misewu imene ilibe anthu oyenerera. Timu yanu ya m’munda imathera maola ochepa kuyenda popanda kuchuluka kwa mabanja amene akubedwa.
  • . Ogula ndalama amakonda ndandanda. Kuphatikizapo asanayambe ndi ataŵerenga mameta a mavitation mu lipoti lanu kumakulitsa kukhulupirika ndipo kumachititsa kukonzanso zinthu kukhala kosavuta.
  • Kuwongolera kwabwino. Mwakudziŵikitsa ndi kufikira magulu otsalira, mumakwaniritsa ntchito ya chilungamo imene mabungwe ambiri amamenyera.
  • Kufufuza kwamphamvu. Kuposa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, mukhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu yanu ndi kusintha kwa kuŵerenga (m’ngonga, ziŵerengero zosatetezereka za chakudya, kujambula) kuti zitsimikizire chiyambukiro chake.

Msampha Wofala ndi Mmene Mungapewere

Ngakhale kuti pali chidziŵitso chabwino, kuchotsa zolakwazo kungakhale kolakwika, ndipo izi ndizo zophophonya zimene zimachitidwa kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kukonzanso.

Zolakwa 1: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mfundo Zakale Kwambiri

Kalembera wa chaka cha 2010 ali ndi zaka zoposa 10. Anthu a m'derali amasintha mofulumira. Nthawi zonse amagwiritsa ntchito ACS yaposachedwapa ya zaka zisanu poyerekezera (208-2022) polemba zimenezi. Mukhozanso kuwonjezera pa makompyuta a boma (kulembetsa masana kwapasukulu kwaulere, zilolezo, mafashoni a dipatimenti ya zaumoyo). Pankhani yamakono, ganizirani za kugula zinthu zogula (m’ma Esri kapena Exterian) zimene zasintha, koma muzigawanitse ndi zikalata zoperekera kwa anthu kuti mupewe kukondera.

Cholakwa 2: Kunyalanyaza Zolakwa

ACS akuyerekezera za ma geographial (tilt title) ali ndi mipata yaikulu ya kuphophonya. Mwachitsanzo, chiŵerengero cha anthu 5-9 a zaka za mabuloki m'gulu chingakhale 150 . Umenewu ndi muyezo waukulu. Nthaŵi zonse fufuzani malire a kulakwa ndi kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito kuyerekezera ndi kusiyana kwa mitundu koposa 30% posankha zinthu zofunika. Ngati mukukayika, gagagaganizi ku malo aakulu ozungulira (kapepala) kuti muwongoona kuti mukhaledi wodalirika.

Kulakwa 3: Kuchulukitsa Kugwirizana kwa Mkhalidwe

Demographics sindizo choikidwiratu. Chifukwa chakuti trakiti lili ndi mlingo waukulu wa mabanja a kholo limodzi siitanthauza kholo lililonse lokhala lokha kukhala ndi ndandanda yofanana kapena uthenga umene limakonda. Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo za kuŵerenga anthu kulongosola [[FLT: 0] kulakwa , ndiyeno kutsimikizira mwa oyendetsa ndege aang'ono kapena magawo a anthu omvetsera. Musamapange uthenga wozikidwa pa programu yokha.

Cholakwika 4: Unyinji wa Ukulu Umodzi

Achinyamata angakhale oyamba kulemberana makompyuta, koma si mikoto yonse ya foni imene imafika pa gulu limodzi. Mapulaneti a za makompyuta ali ndi misinkhu ya stemu. Kuŵerengera zaka kumakuthandizani kusankha: Instagram ya pansi pa zaka 30, Facebook kwa 30-60, Kutsatira kwa eninyumba, wailesi ya okalamba a kumidzi. Ongorolaninso Census’s "Computer ndi Usecreate" proces kuwona kulowa m'kapo ndi msinkhu ndi geography.

Zida ndi Ziŵiya Zochipanga Mopepuka

Simufunikira wasayansi wodziŵa zinthu kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino kalembera, chifukwa zida zimenezi zimachepetsa chopinga:

  • .Data.cens.gov: njira yosavuta kupeza ndi kukopa matebulo. Gwiritsirani ntchito "Maps" kupanga mawonekedwe a maso.
  • Sacial vers (mwaufulu kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera): imalolani kupanga mapu a kutsogolo ndi kutumiza malipoti a kuchuluka kwa anthu popanda compter.
  • ProlityMap : kuli bwino kwa ogwiritsira ntchito osapindula ndi boma; kuphatikizapo zikwangwani zambiri za kuŵerenga anthu kuphatikizapo nyumba ndi chidziŵitso cha thanzi.
  • Excel kapena Google Mapepala [1]: gwiritsirani ntchito matebulo a pikiniki ndi VLOOKAP / XLOOKOUP kugwirizanitsa ma datasikopo ambiri ndi GEOID.
  • R kapena Python ndi [[FLT :3] / mpakero : pa kusanthula ndi kusanthula kwa mlingo. phukusi R mapepala ngabwino kwambiri.

Kuchitira Zonse Zonse Pamodzi: Chitsanzo Chogwira Ntchito

Tiyerekeze kuti mukugwira ntchito m’makampani omanga nyumba za anthu a mumzindawu kuti muwonjezere ntchito yanu yothandiza anthu obwereka malo pa nyumba.

  1. Knowlect data: Kuvotera ACS 5- chaka 2018-2022 tebulo S1701 (Udindo Waumphaŵi) ndi tebulo B25003 (Ubwino) wa matrakiti onse mu mzinda wanu.
  2. Mufuna anthu ofunikira: Mukufuna mabanja obwereka opeza ndalama zochepera pa 50% ya ndalama zopezedwa m'malo oulutsira mawu (programu yeniyeni). Mufunanso kuika malo apamwamba matrakiti kumene anthu obwereka anakula mofulumira (kuyerekezera ndi 2010) chifukwa chakuti mabanja amenewo sakudziŵa za programuyo.
  3. [[FLT: 0] Zotsatirapo za Anetazi: Pangani mndandanda "rendi" ya 2020 v. 2010. Tsalani mathirakiti ndi kuchuluka kwa obwereka. Mathirakiti anu apamwamba asanu anaona kuwonjezeka kwa 25% mwa marendi pamene kuchuluka kwa mzinda kunali 5%.
  4. Omvetsera ogawana: [[FLT :1] Mkati mwa matrakiti asanu amenewo, mbali ina mwa kukhala kwaokha m’chinenero: M’matrakiti aŵiri, oposa 15% a mabanja ali opatulidwa ndi zinenero (ochuluka Chispanya). Pangani mbali ina ya mabanja a Chispanya. M’matrakiti ena atatu, mabanja ambiri amalankhula Chingelezi, koma ambiri ali mabanja okhala ndi ana (oposa 30% a anthu pansi pa 18).
  5. [[FLT :0] Mauthenga oikidwiratu: [[FLT :1] kwa chigawo cha Spanya-solish , pangani ndege ya zinenero ziŵiri yokhala ndi zithunzi zomveka zonena za mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito ndi nambala ya foni ya chithandizo cha Chispanya. Kwa matrakiti a banja, amagogomezera kuti programuyo imasunga mabanja m’nyumba zokhazikika ndipo angaphatikizikitsidwe ndi chithandizo cha ana. Channel: Gawo la Spanya, limodzi ndi a mgwirizano wakwawo. Kwa banja, tumiza otumiza makalata kuphatikizapo mfundo ya QR ndi kugaŵana ndi magulu a Facebook m'malamulo a Zip.
  6. Kudziwitsa ndi kutumiza: Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, yerekezerani ndi mlingo wa mayankho: matrakiti oikidwiratuwo anapanga mlingo wa 12% wa yankho v. 2% m'kulamulira (matrakiti osaikidwa). Chispanya cha zinenero chinapanga wouluka wamkuluyo pa 3:1. Tsopano muli ndi chitsanzo chobwereza chaka chamawa.

Mapeto ake: Pangani Kudziŵa Kuŵerengera Kukhale Mbali Yokhazikika ya Kusintha Kwanu

Kuŵerengera anthu kwapapitapo si zinthu zambiri kwambiri zimene zimathandiza anthu kumvetsa zinthu. Mwa kusonkhanitsa, kupenda, ndi kutsatira mfundo za anthu, mungasiye kuulutsa uthenga wosamveka bwino n'kuyamba kukambirana ndi anthu oyenerera. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi kuti muphunzire mfundo zofunika za kalembera kumapindulitsa nthaŵi zambiri pa ntchito, kukwaniritsa, ndi kukhudza. Kuyamba: Kusankha ntchito imodzi yokha, kujambula matebulo ofunika, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zisanu zofotokozedwa pano. Pambuyo pa ulendo umodzi, sudzafunanso kulinganiza zinthu mosadziŵa.