Kodi Nchifukwa Ninji Kukapezekako ku Makhoti Amilandu?

Makhoti a boma ndiwo maziko a dongosolo la chiweruzo cha America, kusamalira unyinji wa milandu imene imayambukira moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyambira pa kuswa malamulo a pamsewu ndi milandu ya chisudzulo kufikira ku kuzenga mlandu kowopsa, mabwalo a boma ameneŵa amagwira ntchito pa lamulo la kuwonana. Kupezeka ku khoti kuli njira yamphamvu kwambiri m'pangano la boma, kupereka kwa nzika kuyang'ana mwaumwini mmene malamulo amasuliridwira, mikangano imathetsedwa, ndipo chilungamo chimaperekedwa. Pamene kuli kwakuti poyamba chingamve kukhala chowopsa kapena chosokoneza, kakonzedwe ka bwalo lamilandu lamilandu kamatsatira kutsimikizira chilungamo, dongosolo, ndi kachitidwe koyenera.

Anthu ambiri amapita ku khoti pa zifukwa zaumwini kwambiri: angakhale ogwirizana ndi mlandu, mboni, chiŵalo cha banja chodera nkhaŵa, kapena wophunzira walamulo wofuna kudziŵa za lamulo. Ena amapita kuntchito ya boma, pozindikira kuti uyang’aniro wapoyera uli woyang’anira wosamala kwambiri pa dongosolo la milandu. Khoti limene lili lotseguka kwa anthu limakhala khoti limene likuŵerengeredwa mlandu. Mwa kutenga nthaŵi yakuyang’anira ndi kumvetsetsa zochitika zimenezi, mupeza maphunziro othandiza kwambiri m’lamulo limene lili lophunzitsa kwambiri kuposa sewero la pa wailesi yakanema kapena nkhani iliyonse ya pa Intaneti imene ingayembekezeredwe.

Chitsogozo chimenechi chidzakutsogolerani ku mbali iriyonse ya kupezeka ndi kumvetsetsa milandu ya khoti, kuyambira kukonzekera ndi makhalidwe abwino kufikira ku kuperekedwa kwa mlandu ndi ntchito za anthu oloŵetsedwamo. Cholinga chathu ndicho kuchotsa chidziŵitso ndi kukukonzekeretsani chidziŵitso kuti muone ndi chidaliro ndi kuzindikira. Kupenda mmene makhoti a boma amasiyanirana ndi mapangano awo a boma, chezerani chitsogozo chachikhalidwe chochokera ku U.S. Mabwalo amilandu a U.

Kukonzekera Ulendo Wanu wa Khoti

Kuloŵa m’khoti musanakonzekere kungasokoneze kapena, kuipirapo, kusiya zochitikazo. Kukonzekera sikumangodziŵa nthaŵi ndi malo; kuli kwa kumvetsetsa nkhani yeniyeni ya mlanduwo ndi malamulo olamulira nyumbayo.

Kupeza Bwalo Lamilandu Loyenera

Makhoti ambiri a boma ngocholoŵana, kaŵirikaŵiri amagawidwa m'makhoti aakulu, makhoti achigawo, makhoti a m'mabwalo a boma, ndi magawo aang'ono. Kudziŵa mlingo wa khoti umene mukupitako nkofunika. Ngati mupita ku mlandu wakutiwakuti, mudzafunikira nambala ya mlandu kapena maina a mabungwe a milandu ophatikizidwa. Mabungwe ambiri ali ndi makompyuta a pa Intaneti pamene mungafufuze milandu. [FLT: 0] Makalenda [kalelo] Kalelo [[FLT] [FLT] amaikidwa pa Intaneti madzulo asanamve mlandu. Kulankhulana ndi ofesi mwachindunji kaŵirikaŵiri ndiko njira yodalirika kwambiri yotsimikizira kuti mlandu sunabwerenso kapena ku khoti lina. Ngati mlanduwo uli wotetezedwa kwambiri, woyembekezera chitetezo ndi wodzaza malo olowera. Kufikira kuperekedwa kwachilo kwachiyambi kwachi.

Zimene Zidzadza ndi Zoyenera Kupeŵa

Kukhoza kwanu kuwona ndi kulemba manotsi kudzadalira kotheratu pa zimene mumanyamula ku chitsulo. Zinthu zovomerezeka zimaphatikizapo chithunzi cha boma chovomerezedwa, pepala la mawu, ndi makoma. Makhoti ena amalola makompyuta ndi magome, koma zambiri zimaletsa kugwiritsira ntchito kwawo m'nyumba za magetsi kuletsa zocheukitsa kapena zojambula zosaloledwa. Muyenera kupeŵa kubweretsa mtundu uliwonse wa chida, piribingu, phepo, kapena zinthu zowopsya. Nyumba zambiri za khoti zimaletsa makamera, zojambula mawu, ndi matelefoni ogwiritsiridwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi. Ngati mubweretsa chipangizo cha pa Intaneti, musanaloŵetsedwe m’khole.

Mavalidwe ndi Zopinga

Pamene kuli kwakuti makhoti a boma ali otetezereka kwa anthu onse, iwo alinso malo otchuka olamulidwa ndi makhalidwe abwino. Moyenerera amachitira ulemu kwa khoti ndi njira yalamulo. Zovala zapamwamba kaŵirikaŵiri nzabwino: maledzere, shati, kapena chovala. Zovala zonyansa, kapena zokongola, majini, zidutswa, zidutswa za tanki, kapena zikopa (zosavala chifukwa cha chipembedzo kapena za mankhwala). Kavalidwe kanu kayenera kuwunikira kavalidwe kanu: bata, bata, ndi kutchera. Otetezera ndi malilo akuonani chizindikiro chapafupi cha kusokonezeka. Mkhalidwe waulemu udzakulolani kukhala ndi kuyang'anira.

Malo Ogona Apadera

Makhoti a boma afunikira kupereka malo ogona kwa anthu olumala pansi pa Chilamulo cha Amereka ndi Chilema (ADA). Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kulowa pa njinga ya opuwala, kuthandizira magetsi, ndi omasulira chinenero cha manja. Ngati mukufuna womasulira pakhoti la chinenero, muyenera kupempha kuti ntchitoyi ichitike pa ofesi ya ukalaliki. Nkhani zambiri, makamaka milandu yaupandu, idzakhalanso ndi womasulira wa m’manja [[[FLT:] alipo ngati gulu kapena mboni siikulankhula bwino Chingelezi. Komiti ya boma ikufuna kuti anthu onse asamaletsedwe kuyang'aniridwa chifukwa cha kusoŵa malo okhalamo.

Kumvetsetsa Mkhalidwe wa Bwalo la Milandu ndi Kuŵerengera

Kumvetsa bwino nkhani ya m’khoti kungakuthandizeni kuti muzichita zimene anthu a m’khoti amachita, ndipo kuonetsetsa kuti nkhanizo zikusokonezeni mosadziwa.

Chithunzi cha Bwalo lamilandu la Boma

[[FLT: 0] Ilo loweruza [[FLT: 1] ndilo desiki lapakati, loimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa chipinda, kaŵirikaŵiri losonyeza chisindikizo cha boma. Ndilo malo apakati a bwalo. Limodzi la malo apakati a bwalo. Limakhala kutsogolo kwa benchi [[FLT:] [[FLT:]], mpando woyang'anira woyang'anira komiti ndi malo a loya. [[FLT:] [FFF:] [4] n’kugalamuliridwa mwachindunji], kwa oweruza. [FFFFF:], kaŵirikaŵiri n’kupezeka pa malo opatulapo. [FFFFF:]

Malamulo a Khoti

Malamulo a mkhalidwe sangakhale osakhala oyenera m'bwalo la boma. Woweruza akaloŵa m'khoti, faifi adzalengeza kuti "Patukani. Muyenera kuimirira chete, kuyang'ana ben, kufikira woweruza wakhala pansi ndi kupempha aliyense kukhala. Polankhula ndi woweruza, muyenera kuchita zimenezo mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsira ntchito dzina laulemu lapadera " Ulemu wanu. Musamafike pa benchi popanda kuitanidwa kutsogolo. Musadye, kapena kusewera, kapena kugwetsera m’mayanga m’khoti. Pewani kuchemerera, kubuula, kapena kusonyeza malingaliro alionse. Ngati mukufuna kuchoka pabwalo, mukuchita zimenezo mwakachetechetechete, koma kudikira, kuyembekezera kwabwino.

Kukhalapo kwa Bwalo la Milandu la Milandu ya Chiŵerengero cha Mayiko

Makhoti ambiri a boma amaletsa kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zojambulira nyimbo. Kutenga zithunzi, kuwombera vidiyo, kapena kujambula nkhani zojambulidwa popanda chilolezo chomveka kwa woweruza. Kulemba ndi kufufuzira pa foni n’kosokoneza ndi kopanda ulemu. Ngakhale ngati mwaloledwa kubweretsa telefoni m'liwu wa pulogalamu, iyenera kutsekedwa ndi kuchotsedwa. Makhoti ena ayamba kukhala ndi moyo wapamwamba kapena wotsatira mfundo zinazake, koma ndi lamulo losiyana ndi lamulolo, osati la , ntchito yanu iyenera kuisunga, osati chikalata.

Otengamo mbali Okulira m’Makhoti a Boma Apitiriza

Munthu aliyense amene ali m’khoti amafunika kukambirana nkhani zokhudza mlanduwo mwamsangamsanga.

Woweruza

Woweruza ndi woweruza wa lamulo. Mbali yawo yaikulu ndiyo kutsimikizira kuzenga mlandu kuchitidwa bwino ndi mogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma. Woweruza amakhazikitsa malamulo pa kutsutsa kodzutsidwa ndi maloya, amalangiza oweruza pa lamulo, ndipo pomalizira pake amayang'anira chisungiko ndi ulemu wa milandu. M'kuzenga mlandu wa ben (kumene kulibe ajuli), woweruzayo amachitanso monga wopeza chenicheni, kugamula liwongo kapena liŵongo.

Jury

Oweruza ndi gulu la nzika zolumbira kupereka chigamulo chosakondera chozikidwa pa umboni woperekedwa pa mlandu. Ntchito yawo ndiyo kupenda kudalirika kwa mboni ndi kutsimikizira mfundo za mlanduwo. Woweruza amalangiza oweruza pa miyezo yalamulo yoyenera kutsatira. Njira yosankha juli, yodziŵika monga shart , ndi imodzi ya mbali zokondweretsa kwambiri za mlandu wa openyerera.

Mapwando

M'nkhani yaupandu, woweruza [[FLT: 0] akuimira boma kapena anthu, akumapereka milandu kwa boma. ndi munthu woimbidwa mlandu. [FLT:] Mlandu wa upandu. [[FLT:] ndi munthu wozengedwa mlandu. M’makhoti, mungamve mawu ngati [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [FT]] ndi gulu lobweretsa mlandu, ndi [[FLT:] [FT:] ndi] [FLT:] [FT] [5] [2] [2] ndi mapepala otsagana ndi ena. [2]

Mbalame Zotchedwa Attorney

[[FLT: 0] Uphungu wa polisi umaimira zikondwerero za woimbidwa mlandu, kutsimikizira zoyenera zawo kutetezeredwa ndi kuwonjezera chidzitetezera champhamvu. Opatula kapena [[FLT]] maloya a woimbidwa mlandu amaimira boma kapena woweruza. Olemba milandu odziwa bwino amatsogolera ntchitoyo kudzera m’kufufuza kolunjika, mtanda, ndi mfundo zalamulo. Kuwona mmene amalankhulira ndi mboni ndi woweruza amapereka chidziŵitso chakuya m’zochitika za malingana ndi malingana ndi malingana.

Antchito Othandiza

ndi ofisala a khoti ayang'anira mbali zauyang'aniro, kuphatikizapo kulumbira m'zochitika, kusindikiza, ndi kusunga mbiri yalamulo. amapanga chilolezo cha mawu onse olankhulidwa pa cholembedwa. Ntchito yawo imafunikira kusumika maganizo kwakukulu ndipo nkofunika kaamba ka kuchonderera kulikonse kotsatira.

Chikondwerero cha Mboni

Mboni ndizo maziko a umboni. Mboni zingakhale mboni zenizeni . Mboni zimafufuzidwa choyamba ndi gulu limene linaziitana (] anthu amene anaona kapena kumva kanthu kena koyenera) kapena mboni zodziŵa [ (odziŵa kupereka umboni wa malingaliro ozikidwa pa chidziŵitso chapadera). Mboni zimafufuzidwa choyamba ndi gulu limene linawatcha ( kusanthula kowolokapo ) ndiyeno kufunsidwa ndi gulu lotsutsa ([ kusanthula-'''kayikiridwa [1]. Izi ndi mbali yaikulu ya kumbuyo kwa kuyesa.

Kuyenda kwa Mlandu wa Khoti

Kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi kungakuthandizeni kuti mumvetsetse nkhani imene mukumvetsera.

Kuwazunza: Kusiya Kumangidwa Kapena Kumenyedwa

Mlandu waupandu unayamba ndi kumangidwa kapena kulembedwa. Woimbidwa mlanduyo kenaka amaperekedwa kwa woweruza kaamba ka kuimbidwa mlandu, kumene mlanduwo umaŵerengedwa mwalamulo, ndipo woimbidwa mlanduyo ayamba kupempha mlandu, osati wolakwa, kapena wosapikisana. Mlandu waboma umayamba pamene woweruzayo apanga asuliza ndi khoti. Mzembe amatumikira mayeso ndipo ayenera kutumiza yankho mkati mwa nthaŵi yakutiyakuti.

Kutulukira ndi Zomwe Ankachita Asanatulukepo

Ili ndi mbali ya kufufuza imene imachitika popanda kuwonedwa ndi anthu. Mbali zonse ziŵiri zimasinthana umboni, Mboni (zigamulo), ndi njira za m'mafaelo kugamula nkhani za lamulo mlandu usanayambe. mphamvu yotsendereza [1] kutsendereza kuyesa kuchotsa umboni wopezedwa mosemphana ndi lamulo. kutsimikiza kwa chiweruzo chachidule kufunsa woweruza kulamulira mlanduwo usanayambe kuzengedwa mlandu. Kuyang'anira kuyendayenda kwa kuyambika kwa nthaŵi ya kuyang'aniridwa kungakhale kwaluso kwambiri koma kukuuzani chimene umboni weniweni udzakhalapo kapena sudzawona.

Kuzengedwa Mlandu: Njira Imodzi ndi Ina

Mlanduwo umatsatira njira yokhwima, yolinganizidwa kupereka mlanduwo kwa oweruza (kapena woweruza) m’njira yogwirizana.

[[FLT: 0]1. Jury Chosankha (Voir Dire): Ngati mlanduwo uphatikizapo juli, sitepe loyamba ndilo kukhala mndandanda. Attorney amakayikira kuti mwina oweruza angatulutse kukondera. Kutero kungatenge maola kapena masiku.

2. Mawu otsegulira: Mloya wa boma ayamba kulankhula, kupereka mapu a misewu imene akufuna kupereka. Kuteteza kungasunge khomo lawo kapena kulipereka mwamsanga pambuyo pake. Malamulo saloledwa kukangana mkati mwa mapulogalamu, koma kufotokoza zimene umboniwo udzasonyeza.

3. Case-in-Chief (Kupereka Umboni): Mtolo wa umboni uli pa mlandu kapena kuweruza. Iwo amaitana mboni ndi zisonyezero zimene zilipo poyamba. Mboni iliyonse iyenera kufufuzidwa mwachindunji, kupendedwa kotsatizana, ndi kubwezeredwanso. Kudzitetezerako kumapereka mlandu wawo, kuitanira mboni zawo ndi umboni. Mawu olembedwa molunjikitsa nthaŵi zonse amapatsidwa chifukwa cha kulemera kwa umboni.

[[FLT: 0]4. Mbali iliyonse imafupikitsa umboni, kulimbikitsa oweruza kupanga mafotokozedwe apadera ndi kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo. Kuzunza koyambirira ndi komaliza (kutsutsa). Iyi ndiyo nthaŵi yokha imene maloya amaloledwa kukangana mwamphamvu nkhaniyo.

5. Jury Emphacts and Delibration : Woweruza amalangiza oweruza pa lamulo amene ayenera kutsata. Oweruzawo amapuma pachipinda chaumwini kuti apeze chigamulo cha onse (m’milandu yaupandu) kapena chigamulo chozikidwa pa muyezo wofunikira wa umboni (kaŵirikaŵiri 9 pa 12 pa milandu 12 yachiŵeniŵeni).

6. Mlandu: Oweruza amabwerera ku khoti, ndipo chigamulo chimaŵerengedwa ndi woweruza kapena kalaliki.

Kupitirira Mlanduwo: Kupereka Chilango ndi Kukopa

Chigamulo si nthaŵi zonse chimatha. Mlandu waupandu, ngati woimbidwa mlandu wapezeka ali ndi mlandu, wosiyana kuvomereza kumvetsera. Woweruza amapenda lipoti lapasadakhale, kumvetsera ku ndemanga za wopalamula, ndi kumva nkhani za m’mbali zonse ziŵiri asanapereke chigamulo (nthaŵi, nthaŵi ya ndende, malipoti, ndi zina.). Gulu lotayikalo lingalembe lapal , kutsutsana kuti woweruzayo apanga cholakwa chalamulo chimene chinakhudza chiyambukirocho. Zipinga zikumvedwa ndi makhoti, amene alibe mboni kapena mikangano yokha yalamulo.

Kupita ku Makhoti Amitundu Yosiyanasiyana

Kudziŵa zimene muyenera kuyembekezera kungakuthandizeni kukonzekera bwino.

Khoti Lozenga Upandu

Kaŵirikaŵiri izi ndizo nkhani zolamuliridwa kwambiri ndi zotetezera. Mudzaona woimira boma, loya wotetezera, ndi woimbidwa mlandu. Mitengoyo njapamwamba, kuphatikizapo kutaikiridwa kwa ufulu. Mkwiyo ungakhale wachisoni, makamaka pamene akuweruza. Kuyang'anira mlandu waupandu kumakupatsani mpando wa patsogolo pofunsira kudzimva wopanda liwongo ndi kukayikira koyenera.

Khoti

Milandu yachiŵeni (kuvulala kwa munthu, kukangana kwa mapangano, nkhani za katundu) imaphatikizapo zigawo ziŵiri zaumwini. Boma sili chipani. Muyezo wa umboni ndi wofala [[FLT: 0] kutsimikizira umboni [ (koposa kulephera). Mayeso ameneŵa angakhale ovuta kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zolembedwa za ndalama zovuta kufotokoza ndi mboni zaluso pa zowonongeka. Mpweya wa dziko ungamve kukhala wosavuta kwambiri, koma kaŵirikaŵiri ndalama zimakhala zokwera kwambiri.

Khoti la Banja

Khoti limachita zinthu monga chisudzulo, kusunga ana, kuchirikiza ana, ndi chiwawa chapanyumba. Kaŵirikaŵiri milandu imeneyi imatsekerezedwa kwa anthu kuti atetezere ana ndi mabanja. Pamene atsegulidwa, angakhale okhudzidwa mtima kwambiri. Woweruzayo kaŵirikaŵiri amachita mbali yokangalika, yaupostst poyerekezera ndi mlandu waupandu kapena waboma.

Zonena Zochepa ndi Khoti Lapamsewu

Makhotiwa ndi osavuta kuwafikira. Khoti laling'ono linapangidwa kuti lithetse mikangano yokhudza ndalama zochepa. Njira zoyenderazo n’zosavuta, ndipo malamulo a umboni amafeŵetsedwa. Khoti lapamsewu limayang'ana kuswa malamulo ndi kuswa zigawenga zazing'ono. Nkhani zimenezi zimatha mwamsanga, ndipo woweruza kaŵirikaŵiri amaweruza milandu yambiri m’maŵa umodzi.

Njira Zothandiza Kutsatira Kuyenda Mocholowana

Mfundo zothandiza zimene mungachite kuti mukhalebe ndi chibwenzi ndi kumvetsa zimene zikuchitika n’zoti mukhoza kulephera kuvomerezana ndi munthu wina.

Tengani Noti ndi manja: [[FLT :1] Kulemba maina a maloya, mboni, ndi mbali zazikulu za umboni kukuthandizani kumanga nthaŵi yamaganizo ya mlanduwo. Tawonani zitsutso zirizonse ndi kaya woweruzayo akulamulira kapena kuwachirikiza.

Kuzindikiritsa Parities: Ngati simukudziŵa tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyo, mvetserani mosamalitsa kwa amene akhala patebulo. Mlandu kapena wopereka mlandu kaŵirikaŵiri umakhala pafupi ndi bhokisi la oweruza.

Focus pa Tsankho la Cross: Imeneyi ndiyo nthaŵi zambiri pamene chowonadi chimayesedwa. Mvetserani mmene mawu a loya amaperekera mafunso. Kutsogolera mafunso (ngati "Munawona woimbidwa mlandu pamalopo, kodi simunaloledwe?") amaloledwa mkati mwa kupenda kowoloka koma osati kusanthula mwachindunji.

Seŵererani Access ya Public Portals: Makhoti ambiri a boma tsopano amapereka ziŵiya zofufuzira milandu pa Intaneti. Mungathe kufufuza padoko kuti muone ngati mlanduwo wachitika ndi zimene woweruza walamulira kale. Center ya Boma la Makhoti imapereka zinthu zambiri zopezera anthu onse zolembera m'makhoti.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Mobwerezabwereza Ponena za Kupita ku Khoti

Kodi ndingathe kulemba kapena kujambula zithunzizo?

Makhoti ambiri amaletsa kuti pakhoti pazikhala njira iliyonse yojambulira mavidiyo kapena wailesi, komanso kuti anthu asamaimbe zithunzi zojambulidwa popanda chilolezo cha woweruza wamkulu.

Kodi ndingabweretse mwana kapena ana anga?

Makhoti ambiri amaletsa kapena kuletsa ana kupita ku khoti, makamaka akatenga ana kapena akawazenga mlandu umene angakambirane nawo nkhani yosonyeza kuti nkhaniyo ndi yoona.

Kodi chimachitika nchiyani ngati ndaitanidwa kukagwira ntchito yaujuli?

Ngati mukuchita kuweruza mlandu ndi kupezeka kuti mukuitanidwa ku ntchito yaujuli, mudzafunikira kutengamo mbali. Ntchito ya Jury iri thayo lalikulu la boma. Mudzafunsidwa ndi maloya m’njira yotchedwa n’koopsa kwambiri [1]. Nkofunika kuyankha mafunso onse moona mtima. American Bar Association imapereka chitsogozo chothandiza pa ntchito ya ajuli m’khoti.

Kodi ndingalankhule ndi woweruza kapena maloya mlanduwo utatha?

Kufikira woweruza panja pa mlandu wa mlandu kukakhala kuswa lamulo. Oyang’anira nkhani angakhale ofunitsitsa kulankhula ndi anthu kapena ndi ofalitsa nkhani pambuyo pa mlandu, koma kuli bwino kungokhala chete osayesa kukambitsirana ndi otenga mbaliwo.

Kumaliza: Mphamvu ya Kuonerera

Kuyenera kwa kuwona milandu ya boma kuli maziko a chitaganya chotseguka ndi cha demokrase. Kumalola kuunika kwa kufufuza kwapoyera pa dongosolo la chilungamo. Kuyambira ku khoti lakwawo kufikira ku kuzenga mlandu kwaupandu kokulira, kuchitika kulikonse kuli phunziro la thayo la boma ndi kachitidwe ka lamulo.

Kupezeka pa mlandu nthaŵi zina kungamveke ngati kuonerera m’bwalo lamilandu, mukuyang'anira m'chinenero chachilendo, koma ndi kukonzekera ndi chidziŵitso choperekedwa m’chitsogozo chimenechi, mudzakhala wokhoza kutsatira nkhaniyo ndi chidaliro. Khotilo silodano ayi; ndilo bwalo lothetsera mikangano pansi pa lamulo. Mwakukhala m'bwalo lamilandu, mukuchita umboni wa mphamvu zake, ndi kutsimikizira kuti lidziŵerengera mlandu wake. Nthaŵi yotsatira mudzakhala ndi masana, yang'anani doko la bwalo lamilandu lakwanu, sankhani mlandu, ndi kukhala. Mudzachoka ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa mmene chilungamo chikutumikidwira m’mudzi mwanu. Pakuti chidziŵitso chowonjezereka pa kupeza khoti pafupi ndi inu, seafini [F: 0], . Khoti la US.