Table of Contents

U.S. Constitution[FLT :1] ikukhala pachiyambi pa mkangano uliwonse wa ndale zadziko za Amereka, chigamulo, ndi gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe . Komabe Aamereka ambiri sanaŵerengepo. Pafupifupi mawu 7,500 kuphatikizapo zitsutso, ndiifupi kwambiri kuposa malamulo autumiki ambiri a pa webusaiti yanu amene mwasankha popanda kuŵerenga. Koma mosiyana ndi mawu amenewo, malamulo a malamulowo akuyambukira moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira ku zoyenera kwanu kulipira msonkho umene mumalandira ku mautumiki a boma.

Kumvetsetsa ] 'kuŵerenga Malamulo sikungophunzitsa chabe kukhala nzika. Pamene andale zadziko akunena kuti ndi "osagwirizana ndi boma," pamene makhoti apereka malamulo, pamene atsutsa ufulu Woyamba wa Kukonzanso, iwo akufufuza chikalatachi. Komabe kuwerenga malamulo a boma sikuchitika mwachilendo. Zolemba zimasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri a ku America sangatchule manthambi atatu a boma, osanena za mmene malamulo a malamulo a dziko amagwirira ntchito pa nkhani zamakono.

Chitsogozo chokwanira chimenechi chimapereka njira yothandiza kumvetsetsa Malamulo a U.S. , kuswa kakonzedwe kake, kulongosola chisinthiko chake, ndipo makamaka, kusonyeza mmene mungagwiritsirire ntchito kalingaliridwe ka malamulo ku mavuto amakono. Kaya muli wophunzira, wovota, kapena munthu waluntha, mtsogoleri ameneyu adzakuthandizani kuchita ndi malembo a ku America.

Chifukwa Chake Kuŵerenga Malamulo Kuli Kofunika Koposa Kale Lonse

Mphamvu Yogwira Ntchito ya Chidziŵitso cha Malamulo

Constituanial kulemba ndi kuŵerenga [[FL:1] imapereka mapindu a konkiri m'moyo wamakono:

Kutetezera Ufulu Wanu : Kudziŵa zoyenera zanu zalamulo kumakuthandizani kuzindikira pamene zikuwopsezedwa. Kumvetsetsa Lamulo Lachinayi kumathandiza pa kukumana kwa apolisi. Kudziŵa malamulo otetezera Oyamba Owonjezera kumathandizira m'mikangano ya kuntchito. Kuzoloŵerana ndi zoyenera zalamulo kumathandizira m’mikhalidwe ya zamalamulo.

[[FLT: 0] Zonena zandale zadziko zosinthasintha [1]: Andale zadziko amanena kuti malingaliro a otsutsa ngosagwirizana ndi boma. Popanda chidziŵitso cha lamulo, simungafufuze zonena zimenezi modziimira. Kumvetsetsa lemba lenilenilo kumakupangitsani kusiyanitsa zodetsa nkhaŵa za lamulo ndi zolankhulidwa zandale.

Kugwirizana mu Democracy : Kuvota kodziŵidwa kumafuna kuzindikira zimene nthambi zosiyanasiyana zingachite ndi zimene sizingachite. Oyembekezera kuikidwa m'bungwe la akulu sangalonjeze kugwetsa zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu pampando umodzi. Mapresidenti sangasinthe malamulo a boma popanda kugamulapo. Kudziŵa malire ameneŵa kumakuthandizani kupenda ndawala ya mapangano moona mtima.

Kumvetsetsa Zochitika za Nthaŵi Yake: Nkhani zazikulu za m'manyuzipepala kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo nkhani za malamulo ndi (malamulo otsutsa, malamulo a gulu, zigamulo za khoti. Kuŵerenga ndi kulemba kumasintha zochitika za ndale kukhala madongosolo omveka.

Nkhani ya M’buku Lomwe Linakhalapo

Matanthauzo a Konsichushoniyo sakuuma mu 1789. Mmene timawamasulira ndi kuwagwiritsira ntchito zimasintha:

Kusintha kwa mawu : 27 kwasintha malemba oyambirira, kuchokera kuwonjezera Bill of Rights kufika ku kutsitsa nyengo yovota

Kumasulira kwa Courth : Zigamulo za Khoti Lalikulu zimaumba tanthauzo la malamulo a jini. "Spetate koma lilingana" linali kale logwirizana; tsopano silili logwirizana

Chisinthiko choyambirira .: Kusintha kwa malamulo kumakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito kwa malamulo. Oyambitsawo sanathe kuona intaneti, koma mfundo zachikhalidwe zoyambirira zikugwirabe ntchito pa Intaneti

Practice Political : misonkhano ya malamulo imayambika mwa kugwiritsa ntchito. Malire a nthaŵi ziŵiri a pulezidenti anali mwambo wamwayi asanakhale Demeshoni ya nambala 22

Chisinthiko chimenechi chimapangitsa kuti anthu aziphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba m’malamulo, osati kuti azingochita zinthu kamodzi kokha.

Kuyamba: Mmene Mungafikire Konsichushoniyo

Sankhani Baibulo Lanu Mwanzeru

Musanaloŵe m’madzi, sankhani njira yoyenera yophunzirira:

Makope odziŵika bwino amapereka mawu apatsogolo ndi malongosoledwe mphepete mwa malemba oyambirira. National Archives imapereka mabaibulo aulere a pa Intaneti. Izi zimathandiza kumasulira chinenero cha 18 chapakati ndipo zimapereka mbiri yakale.

Mabaibulo a Languages olaŵika[[FLT :1] amatembenuza Chingelezi chamakono zinenero zovomerezeka. Ngakhale kuti n’zothandiza kuti munthu amvetsetse, nthaŵi zonse amabwerera ku malemba oyambirirawo kuti afotokoze molondola / mawu enieni amene ali ndi ntchito yomasulira.

Makope a Chisinthiko amasonyeza mmene malamulo asinthira, kusonyeza mawu oyambirira limodzi ndi kusintha. Izi zimaoneka ngati chisinthiko cha pepalalo ndi kuthandiza kumvetsetsa mavuto amene akusintha.

[[FLT: 0] Digal Versions imapereka kufunafuna ndi kugwedezeka pakati pa zigawo zofanana. Consitution Annowment kuchokera ku laibulale ya Congress imapereka ndemanga zambiri ndi zilozero za lamulo.

Njira Yoŵerengera: Musunge Luntha Lanu

Yoyamba - progicatione ndi Chidutswa cha Msampha [1]: Kuyamba mwa kumvetsa maluso a maziko a Malamulo popanda kudzaza tsatanetsatane. Ŵerengani mobwerezabwereza kuti mumvetsetse:

  • Nkhani zisanu ndi ziŵiri za cholinga cha anthu onse
  • Mmene zinthu zimasinthira
  • Chikalata chonse chija

Kuŵerenga kosamalitsa [: Werengani pang’onopang'ono, sumika pa chinenero chenicheni. Onani:

  • Mphamvu zachindunji zopatsidwa ndi kukanidwa
  • Mawu ndi malingaliro obwerezabwereza
  • Mawu Osongoka Kapena Osamveka Bwino

Kufufuza kodetsa nkhaŵa [: Funsani zimene mwaŵerenga:

  • Kodi nchifukwa ninji Oyambitsawo anaphatikizapo zimenezi?
  • Kodi anali kukambirana mavuto otani?
  • Kodi zimenezi zingagwire ntchito motani lerolino?
  • Kodi chosoŵa kapena chosadziŵika nchiyani?

Mfundo Yaikulu Musanaŵerenge

Kumvetsetsa Lamulo Kumafunikira Kudziŵa Zimene Zili Kumbuyo:

Nkhani za Confederation zinapanga boma la boma lofooka lomwe silingathe kupereka msonkho, kuyendetsa malonda, kapena kukakamiza malamulo. Malamulo anayankha ku kulephera kumeneku mwakulimbitsa mphamvu ya boma pamene akusunga ufulu wa boma.

Kupanduka kwa Says' (1786 - 1787) kunasonyeza kufooka kwa Nkhani pamene Massachusetts sanathe kuletsa kuukira kwa zida. Vuto limeneli linakhutiritsa ambiri kuti boma la boma lamphamvu linali lofunikira.

Zokumana nazo za Dziko la British pansi pa ulamuliro wopanga makonzedwe a lamulo. Kutsogolera asilikali m’nyumba kunatsogolera ku Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Third Reference. Malamulo a General anasonkhezera Kusintha kwa Kane. Kusoŵeka kwa madongosolo a democracy.

Filosofi younikira [1] inasonkhezera Oyambitsa. Chiphunzitso chachibadwa cha John Locke, kusiyanitsa maulamuliro kwa Montesquieu, ndi zolinga za chiriphabliki kuchokera ku Roma wakale zonse zopangidwa ndi malamulo alamulo.

Mawu Oyambirira: Kumvetsetsa Chifuno cha Lamulolo

Kusiya Mawu Otseguka

Mawu oyambitsidwa angakhale chigawo chotchuka kwambiri cha malamulo, koma kaŵirikaŵiri samamvedwa bwino:

" Ife Anthu a United States, mwa Kulinganiza kupanga Union wangwiro kwambiri, kukhazikitsa Chilungamo, kutsimikizira kusoŵa kwa m'banja, kupereka chitetezo chofala, kuchirikiza Umoyo wa Onse, ndi kutetezera Madalitso a Ufulu kwa ife ndi Kubwerera kwathu, kuika ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a United States of America.

" Ife Anthu" [[FLT :1] - RYM kanthaŵi yake, mawuwa analengeza uchifumu wofala. Mphamvu imachokera kwa nzika, osati kwa Mulungu kapena kwa monarchy. Onani kuti poyambirira inatanthauza amuna achiyera okhala ndi katundu [1] Kuzindikira polekezera kumeneku kumathandizira kuzindikira mmene kumasulira kwa malamulo kunasinthikira.

" kupanga Chigwirizano changwiro chokulirapo" [1] - Access The Articles of Confederation's pamene azindikira ungwiro monga njira yopitirizabe, osati mkhalidwe wofikirika.

" Chilungamo chokhazikitsidwa" - Makhoti a boma ndi madongosolo a zamalamulo kutsimikizira kuchitiridwa koyenera pansi pa lamulo.

"Ini kutsimikizira za m'banja" - imaletsa mikangano ya m’kati monga Chipanduko cha Shays ndi kusungitsa mtendere pakati pa mayiko.

" imathandiza kutetezera kofala" - Imachititsa mphamvu zankhondo kukhala zapakati kutetezera ziwopsezo zakunja.

" phunzitsani Chitukuko chachisawawa" - chilolezo cha boma kuchitapo kanthu kaamba ka ubwino wa onse, ngakhale kuti kufutukuka kwa mawuwa kumakhalabe kotsutsana.

" kuteteza Madalitso a Ufulu" - imatetezera ufulu osati kokha kwa nzika zamakono komanso mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Makhoti aweruza kuti poyambirapo sipapereka mphamvu kapena ufulu weniweni . Mawu ake sathandiza. Komabe, amapereka malangizo omasulira pamene malamulo asinthasintha. Khoti Lapamwamba limatchula kuti amvetse cholinga cha Oyambitsa.

Mfundo I: Nthambi Yolemba Malamulo

Kumvetsetsa Mphamvu ya Matchalitchi

Article I ndi nkhani yaitali kwambiri chifukwa Oyambitsa analingalira Nyumba za Malamulo kukhala nthambi yofunika koposa. Utali wake ndi tsatanetsatane umasonyeza kuyesayesa ponse paŵiri kupatsa mphamvu ndi kukakamiza ulamuliro wa malamulo.

Kusanthula 1 - Kusintha Claus : "Maulamuliro onse a lamulo pano adzaikidwa m'Malamulo"

  • Onani "Herein yovomerezedwa" [1] Khorfer kokha ndi mphamvu zondandalitsidwa mwachindunji, mosiyana ndi mabwalo ena a boma okhala ndi ulamuliro wa onse
  • Kukhazikitsa zipinda ziŵiri monga maziko

Kusankha 2 - Nyumba ya Oimira [1]: Makonzedwe aakulu kaŵirikaŵiri samamvedwa bwino:

  • Oimira ayenera kukhala ndi zaka 25, nzika kwa zaka 7
  • "Anthu atatu ogonja" anaŵerengedwa kukhala anthu ogwidwa ukapolo 3 / 5 a munthu woimira (wotsimikiziridwa ndi 14 Amendment)
  • Maboma amasankha ziyeneretso za wovota (ndi malire a lamulo)
  • Nyumba ili ndi "Mphamvu Yokulirapo ya Kusintha kwa Zinthu" (kubweretsa zinenezo, osati kuchotsa)

[[FUL:0] Kusankha 3 - Khoti [[FULT:1]:

  • Osunga ndalama aŵiri m’dziko limodzi mosasamala kanthu za chiŵerengero cha anthu (silingasinthidwe ndi kukonza popanda chilolezo cha boma)
  • Magetsi ayenera kukhala ndi zaka 30 zakubadwa, nzika kwa zaka 9
  • Pulezidenti waudindo amatsogolera koma amasankha okha kuti athetse maunansi
  • Nyumba ya Malamulo imayesa kutsutsa (makalata monga oweruza milandu, osati loya wa milandu)

Mphamvu Zokhala ndi Mphamvu (Chiyeso 8)

Mphamvu za Congress zandandalikidwa m'mizere 18. Mphamvu zazikulu zimaphatikizapo:

Commerce Claus : "Dzikani malonda ndi Mitundu yachilendo, ndi pakati pa Maboma angapo"

  • Magwero a mphamvu a boma aakulu koposa
  • Kugwirizanitsa malamulo onse okhudza ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi malamulo a chilengedwe
  • Nkhani ya mkangano wa malamulo osasintha

Umboni ndi Kuyenera Claus : "Pangani Malamulo onse amene adzakhala oyenerera ndi oyenera kunyamula kuchotsa Maulamuliro otchulidwawo"

  • Limatchedwa kuti “Clastic Claus ” chifukwa cholowera kulowa m’malo
  • Kulola mphamvu zotanthauza kupyola pazondandalitsidwa mwachindunji
  • Kumene kunachokera banki, mapepala, ndi malamulo osaŵerengeka

Mphamvu za nkhondo [1]: lengezani nkhondo, kwezani magulu ankhondo, onetsetsani kuti asilikali ankhondo a m'madzi

  • Dziŵani: Nyumba ya Malamulo yokha ndiyo ingalengeze nkhondo (Maboma apeza ntchito m’madera onse)
  • Kuchepetsedwa kwa magulu ankhondo oima kumasonyeza mantha a Oyambitsa

Maulamuliro a Ndalama : Msonkho, kubwereka, ndalama, kulamulira kulephera kwa ndalama

  • " Mphamvu ya kachikwama" ndiyo kuyang'anira komaliza kwa Nyumba ya Malamulo pa nthambi zina
  • Masheya onse a ndalama ayenera kuyambira m’Nyumba

Malire a Mphamvu ya Congress (Kukhulupirira Zoona)

Nthawi zambiri anthu amanyalanyaza malamulo ovuta:

  • HAbeas Corpus [1] Ikhoza kungolekedwa m'chipanduko kapena kuukira
  • Palibe ex post cono malamulo (kupangitsa machitidwe akale kukhala aupandu)
  • Palibe ndalama zolipirira (chilango chowopsa popanda kuzengedwa mlandu)
  • Palibe maina aulemu a anthu olemekezeka

Malire ameneŵa akusonyeza zidzudzulo zakutizakuti zotsutsana ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo ya Britain.

Nkhani Yachiŵiri: Nthambi Yotsogolera Ilongosoledwa

Mphamvu ndi Malire a Pulezidenti

Article II njachidule ndi yosamveka kwambiri kuposa Mfundo I, kutsogolera ku zaka mazana ambiri za kukangana za mphamvu ya ulamuliro.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

  • Zikondwerero zazikulu ndi zazing’ono za boma
  • Chimapanga chotetezera pakati pa anthu ndi unduna wa boma
  • Amalola maboma kudzisankhira njira zawo

Kumvetsa Eslectoral College n’kofunika kwambiri kuti timvetse chifukwa chake akuluakulu a boma amasumika maganizo pa ndawala za m’mayiko ozungulira.

[[FULT:0] Kusanthula 2 - Prezidenti [Maulamuliro a Unduna wa Dziko] :

  • Mtsogoleri wa [1]: kulamulira kwa asilikali, koma sikungalengeze nkhondo
  • Mphamvu ya Thupi : Zimafuna chilolezo 2/3 Nyumba ya Malamulo (chotero mapangano ambiri a mitundu yonse tsopano ndi "mapangano otsutsa")
  • Mphamvu ya Kupereka : Amagamula oweruza ndi maofesala, koma Nyumba ya Malamulo imatsimikizira
  • Pradon Power : Kupanda malire a maupandu a boma (Singakhululukire ziletso)

Kusankha 3 - Prezidenti [[Kusintha:1]:

  • Tream of the Union: Azidziŵitsa Nyumba za Malamulo nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi
  • [[FLT: 0] Samalani Claus : "Kudzasamala kuti Malamulo aperekedwe mokhulupirika"
    • Isis ya boma lonse laulamuliro
    • Kumene anthu amatsutsana pankhani yokhudza kusankha zochita pa nkhani ya ntchito

Vuto la Udani

Kufupika kwa Nkhani Yachiwiri kumachititsa mavuto:

  • Kodi “mphamvu zozunza ” ndi ziti zoposa zimene zili m’ndandanda wa nkhanizi?
  • Kodi Prezidenti ali ndi nzeru zochuluka motani popereka malamulo?
  • Kodi nchiyani chimene chimapanga "Upandu Waukulu ndi Maupandu" kaamba ka Kulephera?

Maupandu ameneŵa amasonkhezera makambitsirano a lamulo lomapitirizabe onena za ulamuliro wa pulezidenti.

Nkhani III: Nthambi Yoweruza Inatsutsidwa

Mabungwe a Khoti Lalikulu

Article III ndiyo nkhani yaifupi kwambiri, kusiyira dongosolo lachiweruzo lalikulu ku Congress.

[[ML:0] Kusankha 1 - Mphamvu ya Chiŵeruzo [[FULT:1]:

  • Mphamvu za Vest mu "Bwalo lalikulu lamilandu" ndi makhoti otsika zimayambitsa
  • Oweruza amatumikira "kusonyeza khalidwe labwino" (monga mwa moyo)
  • Simungachepetse ndalama zogulitsidwa (zopezera ufulu wodzilamulira)

Kuzenga 2 - Jurision[[FUL:1]: Imafotokoza milandu imene makhoti a boma angamve:

  • Milandu "imene ikuperekedwa pansi pa" Konsichushoni ndi lamulo la boma
  • Kukangana pakati pa maboma
  • Nkhani yokhudza mayiko akunja
  • Oyang’anira za m’maboti ndi zapanyanja

Tawonani chimene chikusoŵeka: Palibe mphamvu yoonekeratu ya kupenda chiweruzo (Kulengeza malamulo popanda malamulo). Izi zinakhazikitsidwa ndi [[FLT: 0] Marbury . Madison [1] (1803).

Kuzindikira Malire a Chiweruzo

Nkhani III ikupanga bungwe lachiweruzo lodziimira palokha koma lokhala ndi zoletsa:

  • Makhoti amangomva malingaliro akuti “mikangano ndi mikangano ” (osati ndi malingaliro onyenga)
  • Nyumba ya malamulo imathandiza kuti khoti lisamachite zinthu zambiri
  • Malamulo okonza zinthu angachotse zigamulo za khoti

Nkhani IV-VII: Chimake cha Dongosolo la Kachitidwe ka Zinthu

Mfundo ya IV: Maunansi a Boma

Kaŵirikaŵiri amanyalanyazidwa koma ofunika kwambiri pa kumvetsetsa upanikizi:

Chikhulupiriro Chokwanira ndi Chilango : Maboma ayenera kuzindikira ntchito zina za boma za maboma (chifukwa chake maukwati ndi malaisensi a magalimoto akusamutsidwa)

Priviges ndi Immonity : Nzika ziri ndi zoyenerera zazikulu m'maiko onse (Ngakhale kuti zilongosoledwe zikukhalabe zotsutsana)

Kapolo wa kuthaŵa Claus [1] : Kubwerera kofunikira kwa akapolo opulumuka (kotsimikiziridwa ndi 13 Demetrienti koma kumasonyeza kulolera molakwa kwa makhalidwe kwa Konsichushoni)

Kutseguka kwa New States : Kulongosola mmene magawo amakhalira magawo (kuyambiranso kwa Puerto Rico ndi D.C.)

Mfundo Yachitatu: Njira Yosinthira

Njira ziŵiri zosinthira:

  1. 2 / 3 a nyumba zonse ziŵiri za Nyumba ya Malamulo (zonse 27 zosintha zinagwiritsira ntchito zimenezi)
  2. Msonkhano wa malamulo umatchedwa ndi 2/3 wa maboma (osagwiritsiridwa ntchito)

Njira ziŵiri zopatsira:

  1. 3/4 a malamulo a boma (26 kukonzanso)
  2. 3/4 ya misonkhano ya boma (Kuperekedwa kwa Lamulo kwa 21 kokha)

Mpanda wapamwamba umenewu wobwezera zinthu umathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale bwino koma umachititsa kuti kusintha kukhale kovuta.

Mfundo VI: Kuwononga

Kupatula Claus kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa malamulo:

  1. Konsichushoni
  2. Malamulo ndi mapangano a boma
  3. Malamulo a Boma

Zimenezi zimathetsa mikangano pakati pa ulamuliro wa boma ndi boma — lamulo lachitetezo limapambana ngati linalembedwa mwalamulo.

Mfundo VII: Kukopa

Akunena kuti chivomerezo cha maboma asanu ndi anayi chikakhazikitsa Konsichushoni . Nzofunika kwambiri m'mbiri koma zakhala zachikale.

Mlandu wa Ufulu: Kumvetsa Ufulu Wanu Wofunika Kwambiri

Mpumulo Woyamba: Ufulu Usanu mwa Munthu Mmodzi

[ [[ML:0] Mpambo woyamba [ uli ndi mathirakiti asanu a ufulu wosiyana m’chiganizo chimodzi:

Chipembedzo Claus [:

  • Kudziwitsa Claus: Boma silingakhazikitse chipembedzo chovomerezeka
  • Free Execrosing Claus : Boma silingaletse machitachita achipembedzo
  • Kusakhazikika: Kodi ufulu wachipembedzo umakhala liti?

[[FUL:0] Ufulu wa Kulankhula [[FULT:1]:

  • Siali chinsinsi kwenikweni / kungochotsapo ziwopsezo zenizeni, kuipitsa mbiri, kusonkhezera
  • Limaphatikizapo mawu ophiphiritsa (ophimba moto) ndi mawu a kampani (Kugwirizana)
  • Sizikukhudza mapulatifomu aumwini (zoulutsira nkhani za anthu)

[[FULT:0] Maposita a Free:

  • Palibe choletsa chisanadze (chofalitsidwa)
  • Palibe mwaŵi wapadera wa manyuzipepala (osimba nkhani sangapatsidwe ndalama zambiri)
  • Imaphatikiza zinthu zoulutsira mawu ndi zolembalemba

[[MFUNDO:0] Mosavuta ndi Mofuna [[ML:1]

  • Kutsutsa mwamtendere
  • Boma lingayendetse nthaŵi, malo, ndi khalidwe
  • Palibe kuyenera kwa chiwawa kapena kutseka magalimoto

Lamulo Lachiŵiri Losintha Zinthu: Kutsutsana Kwake Kosatha

Chida choikidwa bwino, pokhala choyenera kutetezera Boma laufulu, kuyenera kwa anthu kusunga ndi kunyamula zida, sichidzadodometsedwa.

[[Kusintha:0] Kutsutsa koyambirira

  • Unyinji wa gulu la asilikali
  • Kodi ndi malamulo otani amene amapanga "kuimba?"
  • D.C. v. Heller (2008) tsimikizira munthu aliyense kuyenera koma kulola malamulo

Kumvetsa mafotokozedwe onse awiri kumathandiza kuyambitsa makambitsirano okhudza mfuti.

Chilungamo Cholungama (48)

Kusintha kumeneku kumapanga chitetezo chofunika kwambiri m’zochitika zaupandu:

Demendment of Thursday : Kutetezera ku kufunafuna kosayenera

  • Mafuno afunikira ozikidwa pa chifukwa chothekera
  • Kupatulapo zambiri (kuvomereza, kuwonerera kopanda chiwonkhetso, magalimoto)
  • Makompyuta samakhala omasuka

Fith Amendment: Zitetezero zambiri

  • Oweruza aakulu pa milandu yaikulu
  • Palibe ngozi ya kaŵiri
  • Palibe kudzivutitsa
  • Zimafunika kuti azichita zinthu
  • Akutenga mawu (wobwezera katundu wolandidwa)

... ... ...

  • Kuzenga mlandu kwapoyera mofulumira
  • Oweruza Opanda Tsankho
  • Mboni Zotsutsana
  • Chithandizo cha uphungu

First Amendment : milandu ya juli ya Chiŵeniŵeni

[[ML:0] Kusinthasintha kwa mlingo : Palibe chilango chankhanza

  • Pankhani ya chilango cha imfa, pali makambitsirano otsutsana
  • Chiyeneretso cha kudzisankhira

Malamulo Achisanu ndi Chiŵiri ndi Khumi

Nthaŵi zambiri amanyalanyaza koma m’njira ya nthanthi:

Mpambo wa Ninth Amendment: Ufulu ulipo kuposa umene uli wondandalikidwa

  • Maziko a ufulu wachinsinsi
  • Mayeso a Konsichushoni si ongotokosa

Demetrip : Mphamvu sizimapatsidwa ndi maboma/anthu

  • Kuchirikiza Umodzi
  • Kusagwirizana kokhazikika ndi kufutukuka kwa boma

Maprincimendment okonzanso zinthu (13 - 115): Kukhazikitsidwa kwachiŵiri kwa America

Mpumulo Wachisanu ndi chitatu: Ukapolo Wolimbikitsa Ukapolo

Sikudzakhala ukapolo kapena ukapolo wamwadzidzidzi, ngati kuli chilango cha mlandu umene chigamulocho chapatsidwa mlandu, ayi.

[[FL:0] Mfundo zazikulu [:

  • Kusintha kumene kumaletsa kuchita zinthu mwamseri kokha (osati kokha boma)
  • Kusiya ntchito m’ndende kukupitirizabe kuyambitsa mikangano
  • Maziko a malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe

Mpumulo Wachinayi: Kusintha Chilamulo cha America

Chigwirizano cha boma ndi chigawo cha boma chosintha kwenikweni ndi chachitalitali koposa ndi cha maligatage:

Classic : Unzika woyenerera wa onse obadwa ku U.S.

  • Wopendekeka [[FL:0] red Scott
  • Kukambirana kwamakono kwa anthu osamukira ku mayiko ena

Gue Programme Claus : Applies Bill of Rights to the State

  • "Chiphunzitso cha kuyenerana" chinayambika pazaka makumi ambiri
  • Njira yoyenerera yotetezera ufulu wosatchulidwa dzina

ezakutetezera Claus : Boma liyenera kuchitira anthu mofanana

  • Maziko a [[FLT: 0] Brown v. Board ndi kuchotsa
  • Maziko a nkhani za amuna ndi za ufulu wa akazi

Mpumulo wa 15: Kupereka Ufulu

Kusankhana mafuko kumachitidwa posankha, koma kulephera kunalola Jim Crow kukhala ndi malamulo kufikira Voting Rights Act ya 1965.

M’kupita Kwanthaŵi Kopita Patsogolo ndi Makonzedwe Amakono

Madeti Opita Patsogolo (16 -19)

[[FLT: 0] [1]: Kulandira msonkho (chogamulidwa ndi Khoti Lapamwamba) [[FT:] 17.T.: chisankho cha senitors (kuwonjezeka demokrase) "H18T[FLT:]: Provition (kubwezanso) [FLT]: akazi amasinthasintha (oŵiri)

Malamulo Owonjezera Amakono

[[FLT: 0]: Madeti opatulidwa [[FLT:] [FLT ] : malire a Prezidenti : malire a Prezidenti [[FLT:]23rd: D.C. kuvota [[FLT:]]... 25%: mpambo wa prezidenti : malipiro a Congresssional (atenga zaka 203 kuti asunge!)

Kukulitsa Ufulu wa Anthu

[1] : misonkho ya kuvota yoletsedwa 26th: chivoti cha zaka 18 chakale (kuyankha kwa nkhondo ya Vietnam)

Mmene Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Kulingalira kwa Malamulo pa Nkhani Zamakono

Kufufuza Malamulo Atatu

Pofufuza ngati mfundo inayake ili yokhudza malamulo:

Sitepe 1: Sonyezani Gwero la Mphamvu [

  • Kodi ndi makonzedwe alamulo otani amene amavomereza kachitidwe kameneka?
  • Kodi n’chimene chimaŵerengedwa, kusonyezedwa, kapena mphamvu yachibadwa?
  • Kodi ukuchititsidwa ndi ulamuliro wa boma kapena boma?

Sitepe 2: Penyani zopereŵera

  • Kodi n’kulakwa kuletsa zinthu zina?
  • Kodi zimapondereza ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha?
  • Kodi zimasokoneza kulekana kwa maulamuliro?

Sitepe 3: Kugwiritsira ntchito Predent

  • Kodi makhoti amasulira bwanji nkhani zofanana ndi zimenezi?
  • Kodi ndimlingo wotani wa kupenda umene umagwira ntchito?
  • Kodi pali zitsanzo zopikisana?

Kutsutsana kwa Malamulo a M’nthaŵi Yapambuyo Pake

Gwiritsirani ntchito kupenda kochitidwa ndi lamulo pankhani zamakono:

[[ML:0] Thupi lachinsinsi

  • Lamulo Lachinayi Lokonzedwa Lofufuza Zinthu
  • Kodi mawuwa amagwira ntchito bwanji pa intaneti, malo a mafoni a m’manja, mametaimu?
  • Musamachite zinthu monyanyira

[[MLENGO:0] Malamulo Otsatirapo [[Kusintha:1]:

  • Kodi ndi liti pamene kupha munthu kudzakhala lamulo?
  • Kodi mapresidenti angayese bwanji ntchito yopha anthu mokhulupirika?
  • Kodi n’chiyani chimachititsa kuti munthu adwale mwamsanga?

[[ML:0] Ufulu wa ku Office

  • Kodi mabungwe ndi "Anthu" pansi pa Kusintha kwa 14?
  • Kodi ali ndi ufulu wachipembedzo, ufulu wolankhula?
  • Zifukwa za United ndi ] Thursby Lobby

[[FULT:0] Ma vs. Mphamvu ya Boma [[FULT: 1]:

  • Nkhondo za kuvomerezana ndi boma
  • Kusungitsa kuthaŵa kwawo
  • Kuyankha kwamwano

Kumvetsetsa Kofala Ponena za Malamulo a M’dziko

Zimene Lamulolo Silimanena

Ambiri amakhulupirira malamulo amakhalidwe abwino alamulo sali m’mawuwo:

" Kusiyanitsa tchalitchi ndi boma" : Mawu ochokera m'kalata ya Jefferson, osati Konsichura

" Kubwereramo kwa judicial" : Mphamvu yolengeza malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo siitanthauza mwachindunji

" Ufulu wokwaniritsa": Kuyenera kwa Pulezidenti kukana chidziŵitso sikutchulidwa

" Kumanja kwa chinsinsi": Osati molunjika (wochokera ku zisinthiko zambiri)

" Kufikira atapezedwa wa liwongo": Mfundo sindizo malembo a lamulo

Zimene Ufulu wa Malamulo Umatanthauza Kwenikweni

[[FULT:0] Ufulu wa Kulankhula sumatanthauza:

  • Kumasuka ku zotulukapo
  • Kumanja ndi pulatifomu iliyonse
  • Chitetezo cha kusafufuzidwa kwaumwini

Ufulu wa Chipembedzo sumatanthauza:

  • Kupatulidwa ndi malamulo onse
  • Ufulu wa kuvomereza boma
  • Kumasuka ku kuloŵerera chipembedzo cha ena

Kumanja kunyamula Zida [ sikumatanthauza:

  • Chida chopanda malire
  • Palibe zofunika zolembetsa
  • Kunyamula mfuti kulikonse

Sakunena kuti:

  • Njira zabwino
  • Loya waufulu m’nkhani zonse
  • Zilengezo zosatha

Ziŵiya Zophunzirira Mozama Koikidwiratu

Maziko Oyambirira

Mapepala a Federal [[FULT:1]: Hamilton, Madison, ndi zolemba za Jay zolongosola makonzedwe a malamulo

  • Makamaka Woŵerengera wa Mafuno 10 (Zochita), 51 (kugaŵana kwa maulamuliro), 78 (kubwereza kwa mwambo)

[[FUL:0] Mapepala a Anti-Federation [[FUL:1]: zitsutso zotsutsa zimene zinatsogolera ku Boma la Ufulu

Manotsi a Madison : Cholembedwa chokwanira cha mikangano ya Convention ya Kosonkhanitsidwa

Kukambitsirana : Kukambitsirana za msonkhano wa boma kumavumbula chidziŵitso choyambirira

Ziŵiya Zamakono

[[MFUNDO:0] Ziŵiya za Pansi pa CD :

[[ML:0] Mabuku a Zigawo Zosiyana [[Kusintha:1]:

  • Fearner: "Bungwe la Malamulo: Chiyambi Chachifupi kwambiri" Cholembedwa ndi David Bodenhamer
  • Kugwirizanitsa: "Bungwe la Malamulo la Amereka: A Biography" lolembedwa ndi Akhil Reed Amar
  • Kukukulira: "Pangano la Lamulo la Chipani cha Malamulo" Mabuku a milandu kaamba ka kufufuza kozama kwa lamulo

[[FULT:0] Podastiki[[FULT:1]

  • "Ife Anthu" (Likulu la Lamulo la Dziko)
  • "Amicus" (Colate)
  • "Constigation" (Fishington Post)

Kugwirizana ndi Lamulo la Malamulo

Kuchezera khomo lamilandu : Chenjerani ndi mfundo zapakamwa kuti muone mmene malamulo akugwirira ntchito

Kuŵerenga Zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba [: Yambani ndi milandu yosinthasintha, sumikani maganizo pa kukambitsirana osati zotulukapo zokha

Magulu olankhulana : Mabungwe a bar a kumaloko kaŵirikaŵiri amaloŵetsamo makambitsirano a malamulo

Tengani Kosi za pa Online : Mayunivesite ambiri amapereka maphunziro aulere a lamulo la lamulo

Kumaliza: Kukhala Nzika Yanu ya Malamulo

Kumvetsetsa Malamulo sikuloŵeza nkhani ndi zisinthiko] ndi kukulitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba kwa malamulo olembedwa zimene zimadziŵitsa unziko wanu. Chikalata chimene chimawoneka kukhala chachikale ndi chosafikirika chimayankha mafunso anthaŵi zonse: Kodi ndi ulamuliro wotani umene uyenera kukhala wofunika? Kodi timalinganiza motani ulamuliro wa anthu ambiri ndi chitetezo cha anthu ochepa? Mafunsowa ngofunika lerolino monga mu 1789.

Kuŵerenga Konsichushoni kumavumbula ponse paŵiri luntha lake ndi zophophonya zake. Chikalata chimodzimodzicho chimene chinalengeza kuti "Ife Anthu" sitinachotse anthu ambiri. Dongosolo lolinganizidwa kuletsa ukapolo wotsekereza. Zosintha zokhala ndi cholinga kutsimikizira kulingana kwa ufulu. Kumvetsetsa kutsutsana kumeneku sikumachepetsa Konsichushoni [1] Chikalatacho kukhala cholembedwa cha munthu, chokhoza kukula ndi kuwongokera.

Kuphunzira ku malamulo kumakupatsani mphamvu:

  • Kutsutsa kwambiri mfundo zandale
  • Muzimvetsa zoyenera zanu ndi malire ake
  • Khalani ndi phande lokhutiritsa m’mikangano ya demokalase
  • Zindikirani pamene malamulo amakhalidwe abwino adodometsedwa
  • Yamikirani ponse paŵiri kukhazikika ndi kusintha kwa ulamuliro

Malamulo a boma si a maloya ndi oweruza koma a nzika zonse.

Yambani mwa kuŵerenga mawu enieni . Funsirani zimene mumaŵerenga. Talingalirani mafotokozedwe ambiri. Gwiritsirani malamulo amakhalidwe abwino ku mavuto amakono. Chofunika kwambiri, kumbukirani kuti democracy yalamulo imafuna kukangalika, nzika zodziŵa. Malamulo amayamba ndi "Ife Anthu" chifukwa chakuti, tanthauzo lake ndi mphamvu zake zimadalira osati pa chikopa ndi inki koma pa nzika zodzipereka ngati inu.

Oyambitsawo anatipatsa maziko. Mbadwo uliwonse umasankha zimene timamanga mkati mwake. Maphunziro anu a lamulo si kulemera kwa munthu payekha / kukonzekera ntchito yopitirizabe ya demokrase. M'nyengo ya mavuto ndi mkangano wa malamulo, kumvetsetsa chikalata cha maziko chimenechi kunali kofunika kwambiri. Malamulo akuyembekezera kumasulira kwanu. Democracy ikuyembekezera kutengamo mbali kwanu.

Mabuku Owonjezereka

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