M'makompyuta amakono, sukulu za ku Ireland zimasonkhanitsa ndi kusunga chidziŵitso cha ophunzira ambiri kuposa kale. Kuchokera pa zolembedwa ndi mayeso kufika pa mayeso apadera openda ndi chidziŵitso cha thanzi. Chuma chimenechi cha chidziŵitso chaumwini chiri chuma chamtengo wapatali kwa aphunzitsi , komanso chida chachikulu cha pa Internet ndi thayo lalikulu la kutetezera dziko la Ireland ndi lamulo la Yuropu. Ndi mbiri ya General Data Protection Reglation (GPR) kuchititsa chilango chokhwima kaamba ka kuswa, ndi kuukira kwa pa Intaneti kwa masukulu ophunzitsa owonjezereka mowonekera bwino, sikunakhalenso vuto lalikulu kwambiri kuti sukulu zipereke mphamvu, njira zothandiza za chidziŵitso. Nkhaniyi imapereka chitsogozo chachikulu kwa atsogoleri a sukulu, maakapitawo, ndi oyang'anira, kutsegulira njira zalamulo, njira zachitetezo, njira zamakono, ndi kuwongolera njira zamakono, ndi kuyendetsa maphunziro apadera a ku Ireland.

Malo Ovomerezeka a Malamulo Otetezera Kutchinjiriza Zinthu m’Masukulu a ku Ireland

Kukambitsirana kulikonse kwa chitetezo cha chidziŵitso m'masukulu a ku Ireland kuyenera kuyamba ndi lamulo. GDPR, imene inayamba kugwira ntchito mu May 2018, yawonjezeredwa ku Ireland ndi Data Protection Act 2018. Malamulo onsewa amaika malamulo okhwima pa “data a oyang'anira ” (masukulu) ndi“ alangizi a ntchito za m'mitambo" (m’jerecter"). Pansi pa GDPR, chidziŵitso cha ophunzira cha [1] makamaka chimene cha ana ndicho kusamala ndi kufuna chitetezo chowonjezereka. Komiti ya Komiti ya Zachitetezo (DPC) ndi “oyang'Akulu a boma, opatsidwa mphamvu zopereka ndalama zofikira pa 20 miliyoni kapena 4% ya chaka ndi chaka cha kutembenuka kwa dziko lonse.

Masukulu ayeneranso kugwirizana ndi Act 2015 ndi ['FURFURACE] Act 2000 , imene imakhudza kugawana za chidziŵitso cha kutetezeredwa kwa ana ndi kupezeka pasukulu. Ndi yofunika kuti a department a ma a sukulu [[FLT:] Chitsogozo cha Sukulu chothandiza, ndipo National Cyber Security Center (NCCC) ipereke zimene zimayendera nthaŵi zonse poti ikhale yofunikira. Ndi kofunika kuti makompyuta onse a makompyuta (POP) amvetsetse zofunika zimenezi. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri ndi izi ndi: [FLT: FFF: FM]

Kaamba ka kugwirizana kwa malemba alamulo, onani [[FLT: 0] Devision Commission ya GDPR COMPLEX ndi National Cyber Security Center [ kaamba ka chitsogozo cha sukulu chatsatanetsatane.

Kuopsa kwa Kutetezedwa kwa Chidziŵitso cha ku Ireland

Kudziwa mmene malo oteteza zachilengedwe akuonekera ndi njira yoyamba yodzitetezera.

  • Kuukira kwa kampani: Makope achinyengo amene amapusitsa antchito kapena ophunzira kuvumbula zikalata zopimira kapena kuvotera zinthu zolakwika. Apandu kaŵirikaŵiri amayerekezera Department of Education, ogulitsa odalirika, kapena atsogoleri a sukulu.
  • Ransoware: Programu ya Mahansi imene imalemba zinthu zasukulu ndi kufuna dipo kuti zituluke. Sukulu ndi zokopa chifukwa chakuti sizingathe kugula nthaŵi yaitali ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa.
  • Ziwopsezo za Inter: Zolembedwa za ngozi zimatuluka ndi antchito (m., kutumiza programu yokopa kwa wolandira wolakwika) kapena kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mwadala kwa antchito osakhutira.
  • Malo-injikizidwa ndi kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa otsimikiza: Antchito ambiri ndi ophunzira amagwiritsira ntchito chinsinsi chosavuta, chongoyerekezera kapena kugwiritsira ntchitonso liwu lachinsinsi limodzimodzilo m'maakaunti ambiri, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kufalitsa ziukiro.
  • Masukulu ambiri osatetezereka: sukulu zambiri zikugwirabe ntchito kutsegula Wi-Fi kapena Wi-Fi ndi malamulo achikale monga WPA2, kulola oukira kutsekera magalimoto.
  • Magawo a magetsi: [[FLT :1] Edtech platifomu, madongosolo a maphunziro, ndi ma apulogalamu opezekapo angakhale ndi chisungiko chochepa, kuika chidziŵitso cha ophunzira pachiswe mwa kuukira kwa madesiki.

Lipoti la bungwe la NCSC la 2023 linati, maphunziro a pa Intaneti ku Ireland anawonjezeka ndi 35 peresenti ndipo nkhani zambiri sizimveka, koma zimenezi n’zomveka: Sukulu ziyenera kuona kuti kutetezeka kwa pa Intaneti n’kofunika kwambiri, osati kuti n’kungoganizira chabe.

Zoyesayesa Zothandiza Zotetezera Chigwirizano cha Ophunzira

Kuteteza zinthu za ophunzira kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsera zinthu ndi yoyendera zinthu za m’masukulu, malamulo a zauyang’aniro, ndiponso chikhalidwe cha anthu odziwa za chitetezo. Pansipa pali njira zothandiza kwambiri, zofotokozedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyenerera za m’sukulu za ku Ireland.

Maulamuliro Amphamvu a Kupeza ndi Chitsimikiziro

Makina onse olembedwa pa Intaneti amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antchito ndi ophunzira, mapulogalamu a sukulu, mapulatifomu ophunzirira pa Intaneti, ndi otetezedwa mwa kutsimikizira kwambiri zinthu.

  • Malo-injikizidwa: Utali wochepa (12+ zilembo), kuphatikiza kachidutswa, manambala, ndi zilembo zapadera. Pewani mawu kapena chidziŵitso chaumwini.
  • Mamanejala a Chilolezo: Apereke kwa manijala wa pa dzina la pa Intaneti wolembedwa (m' lekuatiso, Bitwaden, 1 Chilomo) kuti apange ndi kusunga mawu achinsinsi amphamvu, apadera popanda kuwalemba.
  • [[NTL:0] Kutsimikizira kwa muluza (MFA): [[FLT :1] Kufuna MFA kaamba ka maakaunti onse amene ali ndi kapena oloŵa mu utoto wa ophunzira. Imeneyi ingakhale mpambo wanthaŵi imodzi wotumizidwa kupyola SMS, app yodziŵira, kapena chidindo cha magetsi. MFA yokha timabakilamu toposa 99% ya kuukira kwa opanga.
  • Kulamulira kwa kulowa kozikidwa pa maziko (RBAC): Apereka kupezeka kwa chidziŵitso cha ophunzira chozikidwa pa chofunikira pa mbali iriyonse. Mwachitsanzo, mphunzitsi wa kalasi angafunikire kuona magiredi ndi kupezekapo, koma osati zolemba za mankhwala kapena zolemba za uphungu.

Department of Education’s Schools Broadband Programme kaŵirikaŵiri imapereka malangizo ponena za kugwiritsira ntchito MFA; funsani kuchilikiza kwanu tsatanetsatane wa chigawo.

Chisungiko pa Intaneti ndi Kulembapo Zolakwika

Masukulu ndi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Intaneti, komanso ndi malo amene anthu ambiri amapita kukamenyana ndi anzawo.

  • SE JEASE Wi-Fi: Gwiritsirani WPA3 mawu otsegulira mawu pamene kuli kotheka, kapena WPA2-Entemprise (osati munthu). Mabungwe a ophunzira ndi antchito ndi VLAN kusiyanitsa magalimoto ovuta kuulutsa.
  • [[NTL: 0] Anete Achinsinsi (VPN): Antchito amafuna kuti agwiritsire ntchito sukulu yokonzeka poloŵa m'masukulu kuchokera kunyumba kapena kwa anthu onse Wi-Fi.
  • Kupyolera m'njira ndi pa kupuma: Zolemba zonse zoperekedwa pa intaneti ziyenera kugwiritsira ntchito TLS 1. Umboni wosungidwa kwa olemba sukulu, mapulatifomu a mitambo, ndi zoulutsira zinthu zapansi kuyenera kubisa panthaŵi yopuma pogwiritsa ntchito maalgoritime amphamvu (AES-256).
  • Kuyang'anira maseŵero a foni ndi ziwiya: Deploy Deploy Explotion system (IDS/IPS) kugamula za njira zokayikitsa, monga ngati kutumiza chidziŵitso chachikulu ku makeyala a IP osadziŵika.

Kusukulu zogwiritsira ntchito madongosolo a sukulu ozikidwa pa mtambo (mzere VSware, Aladdin, kapena PowerSchool), tsimikizirani kuti woperekayo amalemba zonse ziŵiri m'njira ndi panthaŵi yopuma, ndi kuti ali ndi SOC 2 kapena ISO 27001 crecters.

Zimene Anapeza Sizinali Zophweka

Sukulu za ku Ireland kaŵirikaŵiri zimasunga chidziŵitso kwanthaŵi yaitali kuposa mmene kufunikira , kusunga zithunzi za kalasi, zaka makumi ambiri za opezekapo, kapena kupenda kwapadera kwachikale. Zimenezi zimayambitsa upandu wosafunikira. Pansi pa GDPR, sukulu ziyenera kukhala ndi ndandanda ya daybie jover jover [

  • Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zimene anazilemba (mwachitsanzo, zolembapo za m’mapepala, chidziŵitso cha zamankhwala, mayeso).
  • Malamulo ovomerezeka okonza (kuvomereza, thayo lalamulo, chikondwerero cha anthu).
  • Kulephera kuyesa zinthu (mwachitsanzo, mayeso a ana a sukuluwo anapezeka zaka zitatu pambuyo pa masamba a sukulu, ndi mapepala a zamankhwala kwa zaka 8.).
  • Njira zochotsera (kubisa pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito pulogalamu imene imalembamo zinthu, kuchotsapo madeksi ojambula pa mapepala).

Kuthandiza kuti mudziwe zinthu zimene zatha komanso kuti mudziwe zinthu zimene zatha, kumathandiza kuti musamavutike kwambiri komanso kuti muzitha kuyankha bwino akapemphedwa kuti afike.

Kusunga Zinthu Zachinsinsi ndi Kuziteteza

Kusunga mfundo n’kofunika kwambiri. Kuukira kwa dipo kuti madesiki angawonongeke. Tsatirani lamulo -2-1]: sungani makope atatu a chidziŵitso, pa mitundu iŵiri yosiyana ya manyuzipepala, ndi kope limodzi losungidwa (m’mtambo kapena pamalo otetezereka).

  • Kulimbikitsani za m’mbuyomo zonse, kaya m’njira kapena m’malo opumula.
  • Nthawi zambiri, njira zokonzera zinthu zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poonetsetsa kuti zinthu zimene zimasungidwa m’nyumbazo zikuyenda bwino.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito ma-immutable (kulembapo pa kamodzi, ŵerengani-kambiri) amene sangasinthidwe kapena kuchotsedwa ndi wilo.
  • Kuti musunge mtambo, sankhani malo osungiramo zinthu ndi malo a ndandanda ku European Economic Aquares (EEA) kuti mugwirizane ndi malamulo a GDPR. Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito malo osungirako zinthu a US, tsimikizirani kuti iwo adasaina Servet Contractal Claus (SCC).

Sukulu zambiri za ku Ireland zimagwiritsa ntchito msanganizo wa zosungira za acroup- joked system (NAS) ndi mautumiki a mitambo monga Microsoft 365 kapena Google Cocrato Comport for Education. Zonse ziŵiri zingalinganiziridwe kaamba ka kulembedwa kwa mawu olembedwa ndi kutetezeka.

Kukonzekera Mwachifatse

Palibe njira imene ili yabwino, chotero sukulu ziyenera kukhala zokonzekera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndi mogwira ntchito ku kuswa makompyuta kapena kuukira kwa pa Intaneti. Dongosolo la chivomerezo chosadziŵika bwino [[FLT: 1] liyenera kuphatikizapo:

  • Malo ndi mathayo (amene amagwiritsira ntchito DPC, amene amagwiritsira ntchito inshuwalansi ya sukulu, imene imalankhulitsa makolo).
  • Njira zopimira, kuchotsa, ndi kuchira.
  • Njira zodziŵira nkhani (masukulu, makolo, ogwira ntchito) zolankhulirana ndi anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi vutoli, pa maola 72, monga momwe GDPR inanenera.
  • Makampani a bungwe la DPC, la NCSC, ndiponso bungwe lodalirika loyankha anthu okhudzidwa ndi ngozi ya pa Intaneti (mwachitsanzo, Cyber Ireland) apeza njira yolemberana ndi bungwe loona za chivomezi cha DPC.
  • Kupenda kwa pambuyo pa kukonzanso malamulo ndi maphunziro.

Chongani maseŵera olimbitsa thupi anthaŵi zonse pamwamba pa tebulo ndi gulu la atsogoleri a sukulu kuyesa mapulani. [[FLT: 0] Cyber Information [FLT: 1]

Kuphunzitsa Ogwira Ntchito za Ndege ndi Kuwazindikira

Luso la zopangapanga lokha silingatetezere chidziŵitso ngati antchito achita kung'amba mwangozi. Kuphophonya kwa munthu kudakali chochititsa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa makompyuta m'masukulu. Programu yophunzitsa yochuluka siikhoza kuchitika.

Maprogramu Ophunzitsa Nthaŵi Zonse

Kuphunzitsa kwa pachaka kwa antchito onse — aphunzitsi, ogwira ntchito za boma, oyeretsa, ndipo ngakhale oyendetsa basi za kusukulu ngati asamalira chidziŵitso chaumwini — ayenera kubisa:

  • Kutumiza mauthenga owonjezera pa maemail (ofiira monga mbendera yofulumira, yosagwirizana ndi URLs, yoikidwa mosayembekezereka).
  • Njira zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito potsegulira mawu oyenera ndiponso mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito MFA.
  • Njira zolondola zogawira chidziŵitso cha ophunzira ndi mbali yachitatu (m’chitsanzo, madokotala olankhula, ndi makalabu a pambuyo pa sukulu).
  • Kusimba zochitika zokayikiridwa mwamsanga (panokha palibe amene amaimba mlandu chikhalidwe cha anthu kaamba ka zolakwa zowona mtima).
  • Kusamalira mafaelo a mapepala ojambulidwa ndi makabati, osasiya zikalata popanda kuyang’aniridwa pa desiki.

Gwiritsirani ntchito maseŵera olimbitsa thupi ofanizidwa (makalata onga Know Be4 kapena Cybe Readyy) kulimbikitsa kuphunzira. Sukulu zingapezenso mamodulamu ophunzitsira aulere kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Deta Programmes of Schools

Kuyambitsa Chikhalidwe Chogwirizana ndi Chikhalidwe

Pambuyo pa maphunziro apamwamba, atsogoleri ayenera kutsanzira makhalidwe abwino. Asonyezeni zikwangwani zokhala ndi malangizo oteteza masamu m’zipinda za antchito. Phatikizanipo “Chitsogozo Chabwino cha Mlungu” m’kalata ya ogwira ntchito. Antchito amene amachitira lipoti zoyesa kapena zotsekera. Otsimikizira kuti mapepala oteteza zinthu ndi oyenera kulembedwa pa misonkhano. Cholinga n’chakuti aliyense wa ogwira ntchito aziona kuti ndi amene ali ndi udindo woteteza zinthu za ana a sukulu.

Njira Zothetsera Vuto la Umisiri

Ngakhale kuti si chida chasiliva, ziwiya zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito Intaneti zikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri ngozi.

Zida Zodzitetezera

  • Antivirus/Anti-malware : Deploy shopu yamakono ya chitetezo cha pamapeto (mt., Microsoft Ilwer for Business, Sentinel One, Blaisestrike) imene imagwiritsira ntchito AIP kuzindikira ndi kuyankha ziwopsezo m’nthaŵi yeniyeni. Zosankha zauleretsa zonga Windows Deference zili bwino kuposa chinthu chilichonse, koma zopereka zothetsera zake zapansi ndi zopeka.
  • [[FLT :0] Mathirowamu :[[FLT :1] Kutsatira programme ya moto (NGFWS) kungayendera galimoto kaamba ka mabwinja, kutseka mawebusaiti anjiru, ndi kuchirikiza. Sukulu zambiri za ku Ireland zimagwiritsira ntchito magetsi oyaka operekedwa ndi Sukulu Broadbach Programme, koma kutsimikizira kuti amakonzedwa bwino.
  • [[FLT :0] Kusungidwa kwa mail: [[FLT :1] Gwiritsirani ntchito yosanthula ma email a mtambo (m' lekuatiso, Mimecast, Proclatepolation , kapena Microsoft yotetezera Ofisi 365) kuzindikira ndi kupatula ma email aphish, spect, ndi ziphaso zoipitsa.
  • Kuzindikira ndi kuyankha (DER): [[FL:1] kwa sukulu zokhala ndi IT yokhwima kwambiri, ziŵiya za EDR zija zoyang'anira makompyuta a kachitidwe kokayikira ndipo zingapatule makina owonongeka.

Kuteteza Kutaya Makompyuta (DLP) ndi Kupima

Zida za DLP zimaletsa chidziŵitso chozindikira kutumizidwa, kuikidwa, kapena kukopedwa ku malo amene sanalongedwe. Mwachitsanzo, lamulo la DLP lingaletse membala wa programu kuchokera ku kutumiza makope ndi manambala a wophunzira PPS ku akhawunti ya Gmail. Microsoft 365 ndi Google Compacture zonsezo zimaphatikizapo maluso omangidwa mu DLP amene angalinganizidwire chigawo cha maphunziro. Zingagwiritsiridwenso ntchito kutumiza ndandanda ya zinthu zimene zimafufuza za m'masamuko ndi nthaŵi imene zili zofunika kuti afufuze zochitika ndi kuti adziwiritse mlandu wa GDPR.

Kusankha Mapikica Otetezeka

Posankha zipangizo zatsopano za magetsi, sukulu ziyenera kutsogolera Development Assessment (DPIAS) monga momwe GDPR ikufuna. Afunseni amalonda:

  • Kodi chidziŵitso chimasungidwa kuti? (Aphunzitsi a pa yunivesite ya Prefer EEA.)
  • Kodi ndi miyezo iti yolembedwa mwachinsinsi imene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito?
  • Kodi akumana ndi mavuto alionse m’zaka zitatu zapitazi?
  • Kodi ali ndi ISO 27001 kapena zikalata zofanana?
  • Kodi asunganso mfundo zotani pa ntchito yolemba ndiponso kuitsuka m’manja atatha?

Pewani zida zimene zimakokomeza mfundo za ophunzira kudzera m’masatsa kapena poonetsa zinthu.

Kuyambitsa Lamulo Lotetezera Kudziŵa Zinthu

Malamulo olembedwa bwino ndi maziko a pulogalamu yoteteza makompyuta ya sukulu. Chikalatachi chikhale chamoyo, chopendedwa chaka chilichonse ndiponso pambuyo pa kusintha kwakukulu kapena zochitika zilizonse.

Ziŵalo za Lamulo

Lamulo loteteza zinthu pasukulu:

  • Chigawo ndi cholinga (cholembedwacho, amene wachititsa).
  • Mfundo zoteteza (kusunga malamulo, chilungamo, kuoneka bwino, kuchepetsa cholinga, kuchepetsa chidziŵitso, kulondola, kulephera kusunga zinthu, kukhulupirika ndi kusunga chinsinsi, kuŵerengera mlandu).
  • Udindo (Akuluakulu a Atetezi, Aphunzitsi, Oyang’anira).
  • Kusonkhanitsa zinthu ndi njira zovomerezera (makamaka kaamba ka maumboni apadera onga athanzi ndi a biometrics).
  • Kugwirizana pa mfundo za m’gulu la mapulogalamu (ndi Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro, TusLA, akatswiri a zaumoyo, ndi makolo).
  • Zitsogozo za zithunzi ndi vidiyo (zovomereza, kusunga, ndi kusunga zochitika za kusukulu, CTV).
  • Njira zodziŵitsira (monga momwe zalongosoledwera poyamba).
  • Ufulu wa munthu aliyense payekha (mapempho operekedwa, kubwezeretsa, kusuzumira, kusungidwa kwa chidziŵitso).
  • Kuphunzitsa ena ndiponso kuwazindikira.
  • Kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo olakwika.

Kupenda ndi Kukonzanso

Tchulani njira yapachaka yopendera ndi bungwe la alangizi ndi DPO. Pambuyo pa kuswa kotsatirapo kwa madayako, konzani njira yothetsera chochititsa. Ngati Dipatimenti yatsopano ya Maphunziro kapena DPC imafalitsidwa, phatikizani masinthidwe mwamsanga. Sukulu zambiri za ku Ireland zimagwiritsira ntchito masinthidwe kuchokera ku Mabungwe Oyang'anira Otsogolera (JMB) [FLT:] [FLT] [1] kapena Disorgic Vocational Education Association (ITEA) ya sukulu zachiŵiri, ndi kuchokera ku [FLD]] [FLD] [F:5] ya masukulu aakulu. Ziyeretetero zimenezi ziyenera kusinthidwa ku sukulu zamaphunziro.

Kumaliza: Kudzipereka pa Kukhala Wekha

Kuteteza chidziŵitso cha ophunzira sikuli kokha lamulo la GDPR , ilo liri thayo lalikulu limene limakulitsa chidaliro kwa makolo, ophunzira, ndi chitaganya chachikulu. Sukulu za ku Ireland zimene zimaikamo madongosolo amphamvu oyendera, chisungiko cha asocial , kuphunzitsidwa kwa antchito, kukonzekera, ndi malamulo olembedwa bwino siziri kokha kugwirizana ndi GDPR komanso kuyambitsa malo abwino ophunzirira zinthu zamakono. Ziwopsezo nzadi, koma ndi ziŵiya zotetezera iwo. Mwa kugwiritsira ntchito njira yotetezera, njira yomangira, sukulu iliyonse ingathe kutembenuzira chidziŵitso ku mphamvu yaikululira. Chiyambire lero: Kuchititsa ntchito ntchito mfundo, kupenda malamulo anu a za ndandanda, kukonzekera kukonzekera kwa mapulogalamu, ndi kutsimikizira chivomerezo chanu kuchitika n’kuyendera tsiku. Mwakudalira chinsinsi kwa ophunzira a Ireland kudalira pa .