Pa zaka khumi zapitazi, malo a m’mizinda ku United Kingdom akhala malo oyamba opitirako othaŵa kwawo ndi osamukira kumaiko ena pofuna kutetezeka, mwaŵi, ndi chiyambi chatsopano. Kuchuluka kwa ofika chatsopano m’mizinda kumaika zitsenderezo zapadera pa malo okhala, nyumba, ndi mautumiki a anthu. Poyankha, malo a mameya ndi atsogoleri ogwirizana akupitirizabe ndi malo a kumaloko, njira zothetsera zimene zimapyola malamulo a dziko. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mmene Olamulira a UK akusamalira zosoŵa za othaŵa kwawo ndi osamukira m’matauni, mavuto amene amayang'anizana nawo, ndi mapulogalamu atsopano amene akusinthanso kuzoloŵerana kwa mizinda.

Kusamuka Kosiyanasiyana M’mizinda ya UK

Othaŵa kwawo ndi osamuka a UK awonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira 2010, chifukwa cha nkhondo ku Syria, Afghanistan, Ukraine, ndipo posachedwapa ndi kusinthasintha kwa nyengo ndi kusamuka kwa chuma kuchokera ku Africa ndi Middle East. Malinga ndi Migration Observatory [, pafupifupi 40% ya anthu onse ochokera kunja kwa dzikolo akukhala ku London, limodzi ndi masumbu aakulu ku Lilongwe, Manchester, Leicester, ndi Glasgow . Kumanga mizinda imeneyi kumatanthauza kuti kaŵirikaŵiri maboma ndiwo malo oyamba kukumana ndi mautumiki, chichirikizo, ndi kugaŵana kwa anthu.

Makonzedwe a Ofesi Yapanyumba, amene amasamutsira ofunafuna kopulumukira kumadera akutali ndi dzikolo kuti achotse chitsenderezo ku London ndi South East, agaŵiranso thayolo. Matauni onga Cardiff, Liverpool, ndi Sheffield tsopano ali ndi ziŵerengero zochulukira za othaŵa pansi pa maprogramu osiyanasiyana. Komabe malamulo a dziko kaŵirikaŵiri amalephera kuchitika m’zochitika za kumaloko, kusiya malo a a boma kuti apeze njira zopezera chithandizo, chichirikizo, ndi kugwirizana ndi chitaganya.

Mavuto Okhala M’matauni Okumana Nawo Othaŵa Kwawo ndi Osamukasamuka

Tisanafufuze njira zimene meya wa boma wakhazikitsa, n’kofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse mavuto amene anthu othaŵa kwawo ndi osamukira m’mayiko ena amakumana nawo akafika m’mizinda ya UK.

  • Zopinga za zinenero: Kusoŵa kwa Chingelezi kudakali vuto limodzi lalikulu kwambiri lopezera mautumiki, kupeza ntchito, ndi kumanga malo ochezera a anthu. Ngakhale othaŵa kwawo odziŵa bwino ntchito angavutike ndi Chingelezi chofunikira m’magawo awo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusoŵa chisungiko: [[FLT :1] misika yapaseri m’mizinda ili yopikisana kwambiri, ndipo eni malo ambiri safuna kubwereka kwa othaŵa kwawo kapena osamukira m’dziko opanda mbiri ya UK kapena kubwera. Nthaŵi zambiri malo okhala amakhala odzaza kwambiri kapena osakwanira.
  • Mavuto a kusoŵa: Osamuka kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi maluso osalingana, kupezedwanso kwa ziyeneretso zachilendo, ndi kusankhidwa kwa abwana. Othaŵa kwawo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala opambana pantchito zimene angasungire, kutsogolera ku ntchito zotsika ndi mavuto a zandalama.
  • Kufikira kwauchigawenga: Pamene NHS imapereka chisamaliro kwa onse okhalamo, zopinga za abusa monga ngati kutsimikizira kukhala okhoza, kulembetsa GP, ndi kuzindikira dongosolo la zinthu kungaletse osamuka kulandira chithandizo panthaŵi yake.
  • Kupatukana kwapadera: [[FLT :1] Atsopano kaŵirikaŵiri alibe mabanja kapena mayanjano a anthu, kupangitsa kugwirizana kukhala kovuta. Xenophobia ndi ufuko, ngakhale kuti sikwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa kale, amapangabe zopinga kukhala.
  • Thanzi la zamaganizo: Othaŵa ambiri akumana ndi kupsinjika maganizo, chizunzo, kapena nyengo zanthaŵi yaitali za kukayikira populumukira. Kuchirikizidwa kwa maganizo kwamwambo kuli kosoŵa.

Munthu wothawa kwawo amene amakhala m’dera la anthu othawa kwawo, angafunike kuyenda mtunda wautali kuti akapeze maphunziro a Chingelezi kapena malo a ntchito, n’kumaika mavuto ena pa zinthu zimene zili zochepa kale.

Njira Zoyenera Zimene Oyendetsa Magazi a ku UK Anagwiritsa Ntchito

Oyang’anira malo a UK amagwira ntchito m'maungwe ocheperapo amene amasiyanasiyana chigawo. Ena ali ndi mphamvu pa nyumba, zoyendera, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma, pamene ena ali ndi chisonkhezero chachikulu cha mphamvu yophiphiritsira kapena yofeŵa. Mosasamala kanthu za zopinga zimenezi, ambiri apanga njira zomveka zothandizira anthu osamukira kudziko lina ndi othaŵa kwawo. Zigawo zotsatirazi zimafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zowakhudzira kwambiri.

Maprogramu a Chinenero ndi Maphunziro

Mayeso akhala othandiza kulinganiza Chingelezi cha zinenero Zina. Ku Greater Manchester, ofesi ya meya amene amagwira ntchito ndi makoleji ndi mabungwe a anthu kupanga ESOL ya mzinda imene imawonjezera kupezeka kwa makompyuta a pa Intaneti ndi kuyambitsa makompyuta a kuphunzira. Mofananamo, Mmaya wa London anatulutsa “Chingelezi cha Onse", chimene akuluakulu a boma a boma ndi mabungwe a boma akupereka makalasi aufulu kapena otsika m’makoleji, malaibulale, ndi malo olambirira. Maprogramu ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amagwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta a pa Intaneti ophunzitsa ana, kuwapangitsa kukhala opezeka kwa makolo, makamaka akazi amene angachotsedwe.

Chichirikizo cha Ntchito ndi Luso

Ntchito ndi maziko a chipambano m'kugwirizanitsa. The West Midlands Collened Authority, pansi pa utsogoleri wa meya, inakhazikitsa “Refugee Municability Programme” imene imapereka ntchito imodzi pa ntchito imodzi, CV shakecated , ndi maphunziro a ntchito za m'chigawo m’mabwalo monga kumanga, kusamala zaumoyo, ndi luso la zamakono. Programme imagwiranso ntchito ndi olemba ntchito kuchepetsa chikhoterero cha kusoŵa ndi kuzindikira ziyenerezo za kumaiko akunja. Ku Northern East, mkulu wa North of Tyne Cooded Auth Authism wachirikiza “Mariolentiontry ” yoyang'anira ntchito yofanana ndi maluso a othangamira ntchito akwawo. Malinga ndi kufuna kwa [FL:] Makampani a .

Kusamalira Thanzi Ndiponso Mautumiki a Zamaganizo

Maytor wa ku London wa “Healthy London . kugwirizana ndi bungwe la London kwathandiza ntchito yogwirizanitsa anthu odwala matenda a maganizo makamaka kwa othaŵa ndi ofunafuna kopulumukira, kupereka chithandizo cha kusokonezeka maganizo m'zinenero zambiri. Ku Birmingham, bungwe la tauni lothandizidwa ndi boma lokhala ndi opatulidwa linakhazikitsa gulu la zaumoyo la anthu osamukira m’madera ena m’mizinda ya NHS, lokhulupirira kuti lichepetse nthaŵi yodikira GP ndi kupereka mapulogalamu a zaumoyo. Zochita zimenezi n’zovuta chifukwa chakuti malamulo a zaumoyo a dziko lonse kaŵirikaŵiri amasamalira anthu osamukira kwina monga gulu la homogeon, kunyalanyaza gulu la zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zofunikira m’mizinda yomwe ilipo.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Kukambitsirana

Kudzipatula kwa anthu kungakhale kowononga mofanana ndi umphaŵi wakuthupi. Maya wachitapo kanthu mwa kupereka ndalama zothandizira kukambirana, njira zolandirira malo, ndi mapulogalamu a anzanga. Mayor wa ku Bristol anayambitsa mkupiti wa “Bristol Gails”, umene umalimbikitsa anthu kukhala odzipereka monga“ manyumwi a maluwa a" a mabanja atsopano amene afika. Ku Liverpool, meya anayambitsa “Mzinda wa Sanctuary” kugwirizana, kubweretsa pamodzi boma lakwathu, mayunivesite, ndi magulu a chikhulupiriro kuti alandire ndi mtima wothawa. Zoyesayesa zimenezi kaŵirikaŵiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makampani olimbana ndi upandu wolengeza za mabwalo a milandu, kupanga malo abwino kwa anthu atsopano.

Njira Zomveka Zoyambira M’malowo

Pamene kuli kwakuti mizinda yambiri yapita patsogolo, yoŵerengeka imawonekera kaamba ka njira zake zomvekera bwino, zokondweretsa, ndi zoyendera anthu. Kusanthula nkhani zimenezi kumapatsa maphunziro othandiza ku madera ena a m’tauni.

Birmingham: “Programme ya Mzinda wa Alendo”

Birmingham, mzinda wachiŵiri waukulu koposa wa UK, uli ndi mbiri yaitali ya kusamuka. Mu 2019, Mayo wa West Midlands analengeza “Mzinda Wakulandira”, thumba la ndalama zokwana $2.2. miliyoni la kampani yogawiridwa zaka zitatu. Programu imapereka chichirikizo chomangira kuphatikizapo nyumba za kanthaŵi m'makampani a bungwe, maphunziro a ESOL, ndi ntchito yopatulidwa. Mbali yapadera ndiyo “Cultal Navigator , poyerekezera ndi chitsanzo cha dziko la anthu othaŵa kwawo, kumene antchito ophunzitsidwa kuchokera ku midziyankhu yapadera akugwira ntchito monga zitso zamakono zoyendera ulendo woyendera, maphunziro, ndi ntchito zaumoyo. Kufufuza koyambirira kumasonyeza kuti otenga malo autumiki a kudzikwaniritsa mu miyezi 18 yofanana ndi zaka zitatu za anthu othaŵika.

Manchester: Ntchito Yogwirana ndi Kugwirana Ntchito Mwaluso

Motsogozedwa ndi Great Menessa, mzinda wa Manchester, mzindawo unayamba “Maluso a Ntchito ndi Skills Priceshishiship” (MESP) mu 2021. MESP imasonkhanitsa mabwana 30 a kumaloko, kuphatikizapo NHS, Siemens, ndi Coop, kukalonjeza ntchito ndi kugaŵira othaŵa kwawo. Unansiwo umapatsanso “maluso a ntchito zapadera” m'kuchereza alendo, kuombolera, ndi ntchito, zonse zimene zikufunidwa kwambiri m'chigawocho. Kupambana kwake ndi “Mfumu ya ntchito ya kuntchito , imene yaika othaŵa kwawo 1,500 m'zaka ziŵiri. Oyang'anira ntchito akusimba kuti antchito ameneŵa akuthandizira pafupifupi mamiliyoni 15 chaka ndi ndalama za m'dziko.

London: Kuyamba Kusamukira ku Thupi la Othaŵa Kwawo

Mayor wa bungwe la Counter Interation Interiation ku London (RII) mwinamwake ndi programu yapamwamba kwambiri ya mzinda mu UK. Inayamba mu 2022, imagwirizanitsa makampani onse 32 kupereka mautumiki osasintha. Zigawo za Core zimaphatikizapo: malo apakati a pa Intaneti ondandanda, maphunziro, ndi chuma cha maganizo; upandu wambiri wa London wonena za agulee Kitchen ; ndi ntchito ya “Refue Kitchen , ntchito ya kakhalidwe imene imawachititsa kuchirikiza kusamalitsa ndi kuwagwirizanitsa ku madera amalonda. RIInso ndalama zofufuzira machitidwe abwino koposa, kufalitsa “Chigawo cha Ingetation ”. Ndalama zodziwirira za boma za $10 miliyoni zikuŵerengedwa ndi kuwonjezera ndi gulu la Harn .

Glasgow: Mzinda wa Chigwirizano Choyera

Glasgow wakhala mzinda wothawirako anthu othaŵa kwawo kuyambira 2000, ndipo bungwe la mzindalo lothandizidwa ndi meya lapanga “Mzinda wa Sanctuary”. Programmeyi imagogomezera thanzi la maganizo ndi kuchirikiza ausinkhu wawo, kuphatikizapo “Sanctuary Café . Umene umapatsa chakudya chaulere ndi malo a anthu othaŵa kwawo. Glasgow adayambitsanso “Kuyandikira kwa Oyamba” kwa othaŵa kwawo, kumene kumayambitsa nyumba zachikhalire kwa kanthaŵi kokhala, kuchepetsa kusoŵa kwa anthu atsopano. Chigwirizano cha chipambanocho chimachitidwa ndi bungwe la Ecosseccoshitz Refulse ndi mabungwe a anthu oyandikana nyumba, kusonyeza kuti utsogoleri wa mzinda wa mzindawo angayendetsedwe ndi gulu la opatukirana.

Ntchito Yofunika Kwambiri ya Maudindo a Anthu Ogwirizana

Palibe meya amene angathetse zosoŵa za othaŵa kwawo ndi osamukira ku dziko limodzi. Kugwirizana kogwira mtima kumafuna kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa boma lakwanu, mabungwe a zachipembedzo, mabizinesi, ndi mabungwe osamukira ku dziko. Mayesi kaŵirikaŵiri akhala ogwirizana, kupanga nyumba zimene zimathetsa kugaŵikana. Mwachitsanzo, West Midlands Drived Authority Authority inakhazikitsa “Malowa ndi Integration Board [1] yomwe imaphatikizapo oimira Ofesi ya Home, yunivesite yakwawo, ndi mabungwe a othaŵa nkhondo. Bungweli limakumana ndi maluso ndi kugawana ndi kugawana zinthu, kuletsa kugawana ndi kutsimikizira kuti malo a utumiki akukwaniritsidwa.

Ku North West, meya wa Liverpool City Region wachirikiza kupangidwa kwa mabwalo a anthu amene amapereka mautumiki ogwirizanitsidwa pansi pa denga limodzi. Mu Toxares, nyumba yakale ya sukulu iri ndi kalasi la ESOL, chipatala chalamulo choperekera malangizo ndi nzika za nzika za Chithandizo, gulu la ana, ndi banki ya chakudya. Kampani imeneyi yoimitsa kampani imachititsa kuti anthu osamukira m’madera akunja asakhale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuchepetsa zopinga za kukwera. Kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Academy , ndi banki ya chakudya imasonyeza kuti makampani otere akuwonjezera ntchito yophunzitsa anthu ndi 40% poyerekezera ndi kufalikira.

Mavuto a Kupeza Zosowa ndi Kuchirikiza

Ngakhale kuti zipambanozo zikuyenda bwino, mameya kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anizana ndi kusakhazikika kwa ndalama. Maprogramu a National monga ngati Re Re Rebitable Scheal Aged amachirikizidwa ndi boma lapakati, koma ntchito zakumaloko zimadalira pa ndalama zazifupi zochokera ku Ofesi Yapanyumba kapena zoikizira anthu. Mayeso aitana kaamba ka nthaŵi yaitali, thumba la kampani limene lingaperekedwe mowonjezereka mogwirizana ndi zosoŵa za kumaloko. Ena ayesa kuchirikiza ndalama zatsopano, monga zogwirizana ndi mayanjano, kumene opanga makampani amapereka ndalama za ntchito ndipo amabwezeredwa ndi boma ngati afikiridwa. Komabe, makampani ameneŵa adakali oyenera kuyendera ntchito yosamuka.

Vuto lina ndilo kulimbana pakati pa ulamuliro wa meya ndi lamulo la dziko loloŵa m'dziko. Oletsa anthu sangasinthe malamulo a vhisa, nthaŵi zokonza pothaŵira, kapena ufulu wa kugwira ntchito kwa ofunafuna kopulumukira. Chisonkhezero chawo n’chokha ku malo akwanuko: kugaŵira nyumba, ndalama zoyendera anthu, ndi chitetezo cha chitaganya. Komabe malamulo a dzikolo amayambukira mwachindunji zotulukapo za kugwirizanitsa anthu a kumaloko. Mwachitsanzo, oletsa ofunafuna kothaŵirako ogwira ntchito asulitsidwa kwambiri ndi nduna zimene zimatsutsa anthu kukhala odetsedwa ndi antchito wamba. Oyang'anira nyumba ena, monga aja a ku London ndi Great Manchester, ali ndi ziyembekezo za boma zotsendereza poyera mwa kupereka ndalama kukana ofunafuna kopulumukirako, kusonyeza kufunitsitsa kutsa malire m’kulondola zolinga za kuthandiza anthu.

Kufika Patali ndi Kuyang’ana M’tsogolo

Kuwonjezera chipambano cha mameya nkwakukulu. Mitengo yapamwamba imaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kukhazikika kwa nyumba, kugawana chinenero, ndi kugwirizana kwa chitaganya. Chidziŵitso cha Office for National Statistics ndi akuluakulu a boma chimapereka lingaliro lakuti mizinda yokhala ndi utsogoleri wokangalika wa oyang'anira malo ikuyamba mofulumira kudalira ufulu. Komabe, kugaŵa kuli kovuta chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri . Kusintha kwa mabizinesi auchiweni ndi kusintha kwa malamulo a dziko.

Mameya akukonzekera mavuto atsopano. Kuthandiza anthu othaŵa kwawo kunachitika mwamsanga pamene anthu akukhala m’madera osiyanasiyana ndiponso boma lakwawoku akugwirira ntchito pamodzi. Maphunziro a kuyesayesa kumeneko akugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano ku Afghanistan, Sudan, ndi kusokonezeka kwa nyengo. Mayer akuikanso ndalama zothandizira pa zipangizo zamakono, monga ma aplogalamu a zinenero zosiyanasiyana amene amathandiza othaŵa kwawo kupeza ntchito ndi kusimba mavuto a m'nthaŵi yeniyeni. M’bale wa ku West of England wayendetsa foni ya anthu otha kuyankha mafunso ambiri okhudza nyumba, kusamala zaumoyo, ndi maphunziro m'zinenero zisanu, kuchepetsa vuto la antchito a m'malo a kutsogolo.

Ofufuza za malamulo a Urban pa Institute ya Public Policy Research amatsutsa kuti mizinda ili malaboratori achilengedwe kaamba ka kugwirizanitsa. Kuchuluka kwa mautumiki, kuchuluka kwa anthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa olemba ntchito kumapanga mikhalidwe ya kuvomereza mwamsanga ndi kuwongolera. Mayar, chifukwa chakuti iwo ali ndi mlandu mwachindunji ku zigamu zawo ndi kuponderezedwa ndi zipani za dziko, angayese ndi njira zimene boma lalikulu lingapeŵere. Bungwe lakwake limeneli ndilo nlofunika kwambiri m'malo amene kaŵirikaŵiri amachititsidwa ndi mkangano wa dziko.

Mapeto ake: Kumangadi Midzi ya M’matauni Okha

Oyang'anira malo a tauni sangokhala oyang'anira malamulo okhazikika; ndiglasgow ali omanga okangalika a kugwirizanitsa. Mwa maprogramu a zinenero, mayanjano a ntchito, kupezera chithandizo chithandizo cha zaumoyo, ndi kugwirizana kwa anthu, iwo akulankhula za zofunika zazikulu za othaŵa kwawo ndi osamukira m’mizinda. Zitsanzo za ku Birmingham, Manchester, London, ndi Glasgow zimasonyeza kuti pamene oyang'anira malo a boma akukhala ndi kuona ndi kugwirizana, mizinda imakhala malo kumene alendo angayambirenso miyoyo yawo ndi ulemu ndi cholinga. Komabe, zoyesayesa zimenezi zimafuna ndalama zowonjezereka, zothamangira mphamvu pa malamulo osamuka, ndipo kudzipereka kopitirizabe kwa kukambitsirana kwa anthu a m'mizinda yonse. Njirayo imaonekera m’tsogolo kuti kugwirizana sikuli chochitika chimodzi chokha koma njira yopindulitsa chitaganya. Mwakulimbikitsa anthu a m’mizinda, anthu osamukira m’madera a madera ambiri ndi othaŵa kwawo.