Mphamvu ya Bwanamkubwa m’Kachitidwe ka Malo Okhala

Bwanamkubwa ali ndi malo apadera m'boma la America monga akuluakulu a maboma awo, akumakhala ndi ulamuliro wokwanira pa malamulo a malo okhala ndi malamulo. Utsogoleri wawo ungafulumize kutengeranso mphamvu zotha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kulimbikitsa maprogramu otetezera chilengedwe, ndi kuletsa kuipitsa zinthu kwambiri (kapena kulepheretsa, kuchedwa, kapena kufooketsa zoyesayesa zomwezo. Kumvetsa njira zimene utsogoleri wa gulu la anthu amaumba malo okhala n’zofunika kwa ophunzira, opanga malamulo, ndi nzika zimene zimafuna kuyendetsa malo okhala ndi malo a boma.

Kazembe wa zida za kazembe amaphatikizapo maofisala a akuluakulu, mphamvu ya makampani, mapangano a bajeti, makampani, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo. Chimodzi ndi chimodzi cha ziŵiya zimenezi chingapangidwe kuletsa malamulo a malo okhala. Ndiponso, ndale zadziko . "Pitantisan , kulamulira kwa malamulo a boma, kudalira kwa chuma pa zinthu zachilengedwe, ndi zizindikiro za boma . Nkhaniyi ikupenda mmene akazembe amalamulira malamulo a malo okhala, kupereka umboni wa milandu kuchokera ku mbali zonse za ndale zadziko, ndi kupenda zotsatirapo za utsogoleri wawo.

Maulamuliro a Malamulo ndi Mabungwe m’Maulamuliro a Zachilengedwe

Malamulo a Boma ndi Agency

Akuluakulu a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a boma kukhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhala popanda kuyembekezera ntchito ya lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, kazembe angatsogolere Dipatimenti ya Ntengo ya Kutetezera Zachilengedwe kutengera miyezo yosamalitsa ya mafakitale a mphamvu zamagetsi kapena kukhazikitsa zilolezo za ntchito zobwezeretsa mphamvu. Malamulo ameneŵa amanyamula mphamvu ya lamulo ya mabungwe a boma ndipo angatulutse mwamsanga masinthidwe osatsutsika. Malamulo a akuluakulu a boma amakhala amphamvu kwambiri makamaka pamene malamulo a boma aikidwa kapena kulamulidwa ndi gulu lotsutsa, kulola bwanayo kuchita zinthu popanda kudalirana ndi malamulo a boma.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu za Malamulo

Bwanamkubwa angaletse malamulo a malo okhala operekedwa ndi boma. Akuluakulu ameneŵa amaumirira opanga malamulo kukambirana za zophatikizidwa m'mafaindi ngati alibe kutchuka kofunikira kuchotsa pulogalamu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kazembe angasaine ndalama zimene zingapereketse kupititsa patsogolo zolinga za malo okhala, kusonyeza malo oyamba kuti auyang'anire ndi a anthu. Kulamulira kwa ndalama kumapatsanso ndalama zoperekera ndalama zothandizira maprogramu a malo okhala, kusungitsa, ndi kufufuza. Mwakuwonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa maaumboni a bungwe la Naturals of Natural Resources kapena imperety Board, kazembe amalimbikitsa ntchito ya bomayo kukhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhalako.

Kusankha Atsogoleri a Malo Okhala

Bwanamkubwa amaika madailekitala a mabungwe a boma, limodzinso ndi mamembala a mabungwe ambiri amene amayang'anira kuyang'anira kwa chilengedwe, kuipitsa, ndi lamulo la mphamvu. Malo amene amasankha amaumba njira yotetezera zachilengedwe kwa zaka. Kazembe amene amaika malo otetezera zachilengedwe adzasankha atsogoleri okhala ndi mbiri ya kusungitsa ndi ukatswiri wa sayansi. Kazembe amene amayanja kuchotsedwa kwa malo okhala adzasankha anthu amene ali ndi gawo logwirizana ndi nzeruzo, zomwe kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsogolera ku ku kuchepa kwa malamulo ndi chilango zochepera kwa oswa malamulo. [[FLT: 0] Kazembe wa National Association akupereka malamulo achidule amene amasonyeza mmene malo a chilengedwe amachitira umboni wosiyana kwambiri malinga ndi utsogoleri wa zaudindo.

Zofunika za Chisokonezo cha Zandale ndi Zachilengedwe

Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumathandiza kumvetsa chifukwa chake mayiko oyandikana nawo angatsatire njira zosiyanasiyana za malo okhala ngakhale kuti zinthu zili ngati mmene zilili.

Maboma Opita Patsogolo ndi Mmene Nyengo Imayendera

Bwanamkubwa m'maboma onga California, Washington, New York, ndi Oregon akhazikitsa malamulo a mkhalidwe wadziko, akhazikitsa miyezo yobwezeretsa yoyendera kaboni, ndi kuyambitsa njira zopezera uchete wa carbon. Kaŵirikaŵiri akazembe ameneŵa amapanga malamulo a malo okhala monga onse aŵiri ofunika ndi mwaŵi wa zachuma, akutsutsa kuti kuikizira magetsi kwabwino kumayambitsa ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa nthaŵi yaitali wa thanzi. Malamulo a olamulira a boma opita patsogolo akhazikitsa mitu yochepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wa dziko, adalamula kuti angotenga galimoto zoyendera zoyendera, ndi kupititsa patsogolo maprogramu a chilungamo cha dziko omwe amakwaniritsa cholinga cha kuchepetsa kuipitsa kwa anthu m'dera lopatuka.

Maboma Osafuna Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kulinganiza Zachuma

Olamulira oyendetsa zinthu asintha zinthu aika patsogolo kukwera kwa chuma, kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu, ndi kuletsa kutulutsa mpweya. Iwo angatsutse miyezo yokhwima ngati akukhulupirira kuti malamulo otero adzawononga mafakitale monga mafuta ndi mpweya, ulimi, kapena kupanga. Ena apereka malamulo a akuluakulu okhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhala otengera kumbuyo kwa maulamuliro akale, monga ngati kuchepetsa chitetezo cha madzi kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala. Komabe, nthaŵi zina, akuluakulu a boma osunga malamulowo amachirikiza njira zotetezera malo okhala, monga ngati kuchepetsako zinthu kapena kulanda msonkho, makamaka pamene malamulowo ayamba kuyendera makampani kapena mapindu a zachuma.

Zimene Zimachitika Chifukwa cha Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi Maganizo a Anthu

Malingaliro a boma ndi ulamuliro wa boma wa kazembe wa boma amachepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya kazembe ya kukonza malo okhala. Kazembe amene amayang'anizana ndi nyumba yoikidwiratu yolamuliridwa ndi gulu lina angavutike kuchotsa ngongole zazikulu za malo okhala kapena angadalire kwambiri pa maompho amene angatsutsidwe m’makhoti kapena ndi maulamuliro otsatira. Olamulira a boma a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amayendera njira zosamala, kuvomereza njira zina za malo okhala ndi malo okhala kuti apereke apilo pamene akutsutsa ena amene angachotse mfundo zazikulu. Kuseŵera kwa akazembe ndi akuluakulu a nyumba za malamulo kumachititsa kuti boma likhale lothandiza ndi kuletsa kuletsa kulowa ntchito.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Kusonkhezera Kudziika Pakamwa

California: Jerry Brown, Gavin Newsom, ndi bungwe loona za nyengo lotchedwa Climate Leadership Agenda

California watumikira kwa nthaŵi yaitali monga kampani ya kachitidwe ka malo okhala. Kazembe Jerry Brown (2019) adasaina lamulo lofutukula kapup-actrade ya boma, adaika chikole cha 50% ya mphamvu yokonzedwanso pa 2030, ndi kutsogolera mabungwe a boma kukonzekera kaamba ka kukwera kwa nyanja. Woloŵa mmalo wake, Gavin Newsom, wapitirizabe kuti kuyendetsa, kupereka lamulo la mkulu loletsa kugulitsa galimoto zatsopano za mafuta ndi 2035 ndi kutsogolera [[FLT: 0] Kampania Resources Board kuyambitsa malamulo ochepetsa ntchito zaulimi. Maganipo akusonyeza mmene kazembe angagwiritsire ntchito ulamuliro waudindo kukhazikitsa nthaŵi yachiwawa popanda ngakhale kuchirikiza ndi kuyendetsa kwa California.

Florida: Rick Scott, Ron Desantis, ndi Malo Ozungulira monga Mtsogoleri Wandale

Olamulira a Florida afikira pa kachitidwe ka malo okhala kupyolera m'malere a kukopa alendo, malo, ndi ulimi. Rick Scott (2021-2019) adayang'anizana ndi chisulizo cha kudula ndalama za bungwe la dziko lakuwononga malo ndi kutsutsa malamulo audongo a madzi a boma. Komabe, woloŵa mmalo wake, Ron DeSantis, anachita kachitidwe kosiyana, kusaina lamulo la mkulu mu 2019 limene linachititsa mphamvu yatsopano ya albon green, yopereka mabiliyoni a ntchito ya Everglades kukonzanso, ndi kukhazikitsa cholinga cha kuchepetsa kuipitsa zinthu zowonongeka m'madzi. Cholembera cha malo okhala ndi malo okhalako chisonyeze kuti gabernator garnator ikhoza kusintha mofulumira pakati pa gulu la anthu limodzimodzilo.

Texas: Greg Abbott ndi Greg Abbott ndi Greek Abunergy

Texas, dziko la Texas, likulu la mafuta ndi gasi-audi, limapereka chitsanzo chosiyana. Kazembe Greg Abbott wasumika maganizo pa kuyang'anira mphamvu za boma pamene akuchirikizanso kuchuluka kwa mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuŵa. Texas akutsogolera dziko m'mphamvu ya mphepo, zotsatira za mphamvu za msika ndi malamulo a boma omwe anachirikizidwa ndi akazembe akale monga George W. Bush ndi Rick Perry. Komabe, Abbott watsutsa malamulo a mphepo yabwino ndipo watsutsa malamulo a metal metal, akuimitsa gawo la mphamvu. Kachitidwe kake kawo kakusonyeza mmene mapikitale ake amasonyezera mapindu achuma m'makampani apamwamba kuchokera ku zinthu zofufuzira ndi mafakitale ndi kuthandizira kwa makampani, ndi kukonzanso kwa makampani.

Washington: Jay Inslee ndi Kazembe wa Nyengo

Jay Inslee, bwanamkubwa wa Washington kuyambira 2013, anasintha mbali ya nyengo ya boma lake. Iye anasaina bungwe la Washington Cleena Energy Transformation Act, lomwe limafuna kuti ma 100% a magetsi azikhala oyera pa 2045, ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito maoda akuluakulu a kaboni kuti athetse kutulutsa mpweya wa m’galimoto ndi m'nyumba. Kutsogolera kwa kazembe kumasonyeza kuti bwanamkubwa angagwiritse ntchito malamulo a malo okhala ndi dziko kuti apange maufumu ndi kutsende ku malire a zimene maboma angakwanitse kuchita pa nyengo. Kupambana kwa Washington kunadaliranso pa nyumba yovomerezeka kuyendetsa zinthu zandale, zinthu zimene sizingakhalepo m’mayiko ena.

Zinthu Zimene Zimasokoneza Ubongo Wanu Kapena Kuusokoneza

Kuikidwa kwa Malamulo kwa Boma

Kugawa kwa bungwe la boma kumayambukira mwachindunji kukhoza kwa kazembe kukhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhala. Kazembe amene ayang'anira zipinda zonse ziŵiri angasunthe mosavuta ndalama kupyolera mwa komiti, ndalama zosungidwa, ndi kupeŵa kunyalanyaza.

Kusintha kwa Kachitidwe ka Malo Okhala

Masinthidwe m'boma akupanga kutseguka kwa akazembe kufutukula kapena kupanga zoyesayesa za boma za malo okhala. Mkati mwa kuyang'anira Trump, olamulira ambiri a Democratic anagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a boma kuchirikiza zigamulo za Paris Agreement ndi kutsutsa kuphonya kwa madzi oyera ndi malamulo a mphepo. Pamene akuluakulu a Biden adaloŵanso Pangano la Paris ndi kachitidwe ka nyengo, akazembe opita patsogolo anapeza mnzake wochirikiza boma, pamene nthaŵi zina akazembe osunga malamulo a boma atsopano, kutchula ulamuliro wa boma ndi ziyambukiro zachuma. Zimenezi zikuonetsa mmene utsogoleri wa gaubernator akugwira ntchito m'boma lomwe limathandiza ndi kuletsa ntchito.

Mavuto a Zachuma

Kudalira kwa chuma kwa boma pa zinthu zofukulidwa pansi pa zotsala za mafuta, ulimi, kapena kupanga zinthu zambiri kwambiri kumakhudza kakhalidwe ka ka kazembe. Mwachitsanzo, akazembe a ku Rocky Mountain West, achirikiza malasha ndi gasi wachilengedwe ngakhale pamene akuchirikiza mphepo ndi dzuŵa. Ku Midwest, akazembe a m'mayiko a alimi alimbana ndi chitetezo cha boma ndi malamulo a mankhwala ophera tizilombo, akuwopseza moyo wa zachuma. Kukwera kwa chuma kumachepetsa kulephera kumeneku; maboma a luso la zopangapanga kapena mbali za ntchito zamakono kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ofunitsitsa kutengera malamulo achilengedwe chifukwa chakuti amaona kuti sakusamala kwambiri za msonkho wawo.

Magulu Ochititsa Masewera ndi Kukakamiza Anthu

Malingaliro a anthu ndi kuipitsa malo ndi magulu a anthu angakakamize akazembe kuchitapo kanthu ngakhale pamene iwo akanakonda kusachitapo kanthu. Kuwonjezeka kwa nyengo ya achichepere, kutsutsidwa kwa kufunkha, ndi nkhaŵa za kuchuluka kwa madzi zakakamiza onse aŵiri a Republican ndi Democracy kusamalira nkhani za malo okhala. M’zochitika zina, akazembe achitapo kanthu mwa kupanga misonkhano ya boma, kuwonjezereka kwa ndalama za maprogramu a zachilungamo a malo okhala, kapena kutengamo mbali m'mabungwe a madera osiyanasiyana. U.S. . . . .C.C.A. Alcereandreance [1], mgwirizano wa akazemba zodzipereka ku Paris Countro, kukhazikitsa malamulo, kuonetsa mmene chitsenderezo cha anthu onse ndi gulu la gulu la anthu la chigawa cha boma lingapangirire kuposa pa chivomezi chimodzi.

Choloŵa Chachikulu cha Utsogoleri wa Madzi

Malamulo a malo okhala opangidwa ndi akazembe oikidwa kaŵirikaŵiri amapitirira nthaŵi yawo mu ofesi , koma osati nthaŵi zonse. Malamulo amphamvu angachotsedwe ndi oloŵa mmalo, pamene malamulo ogwirizana ndi lamulo la boma ali okhalitsa. Mapangano a kulinganiza malo osungira zinthu angasinthidwe pamene kazembe watsopano asintha ndalama ku zinthu zina zofunika. Komabe njira zina zopanga zikhoza kukhala zokhalitsa: mwachitsanzo, miyezo ya California yotulutsa galimoto yakhala ikuvomerezedwa ndi maiko ena khumi ndi aŵiri, kupanga msika wamphamvu imene ngakhale boma la boma silingaithetse mosavuta. Mofananamo, akazembe a boma la za kukhazikitsa malo osungirako a nyama zakuthengo, kapena kupanga ndalama zoyera zosiyira ndalama zosiyira mphamvu zochokera kuthupi ndi kuthupi ndi kulinganiza kwa malo okhala ndi malo okhalako kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, akazembe amene amafooketsa mphamvu ya malo okhala kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu ya bungwe la boma angawononge zinthu zambiri zimene zimawononga nthawi yaitali. Madzi apansi, malo owonongeka, ndiponso ndalama zowonjezera zaumoyo wa anthu zingapitirizebe ngakhale pambuyo poti boma lasiya. Motero, choloŵa cha utsogoleri wa gulu la otsogolera chimaonedwa osati m’malamulo okha kapena malamulo a akuluakulu operekedwa, omwe akusainwa, koma pa kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya mpweya, chuma cha madzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi ubwino wa anthu.

Kumaliza: Mbali Yofunika ya Maulamuliro a Boma m’Malo Okhala

Utsogoleri wa boma ndi mphamvu yaikulu m'malamulo a boma. Kupyolera m'malamulo akuluakulu, mphamvu za dziko, kuyendetsa ndalama, ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe, akazembe amakhazikitsa malangizo ndi kuyenderana kwa malamulo a chilengedwe. Chisonkhezero chawo chimayendetsedwa ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko, kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma, malamulo a zachuma, ndi kukakamiza kwa anthu. Pamene mavuto a malo okhala akuwonjezeka . Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo ku kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ku ku kuwonongeka kwa kuipitsa "zipang'onozikulu za dziko lapansi, zidzakhaladi zogwirizana ndi . Motero ophunzira a ulamuliro wa chilengedwe ayenera kusamala kwambiri anthu amene amasunga maofesi amphamvu ndi zigwirizano za ndale ndi zandale zimene zimasintha. Mwa kuzindikira mmene gabernalgator akuchitira kupita patsogolo kwa chilengedwe, timapeza chithunzi choonekera bwino cha mmene zinthu zachilengedwe, choletsedwa, kapena chosinthasintha pa mkhalidwe wa boma.

Kuti aŵerenge, [[FLT: 0] Environry Protection Agency ya boma ndi chuma cha kumaloko imapereka kulongosola kokwanira kwa mmene mabungwe a boma amagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a malo okhala a boma, pamene kuli kwakuti Conference ya National of State Legislatures imayambitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a malo okhala.