Raje Sabba , monga chipinda chapamwamba cha Nyumba ya Malamulo ya India, ali ndi malo apadera ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri m'malamulo. Pakati pa mphamvu zake zambiri za malamulo, kukhoza kuyambitsa ndi kutumiza Mabungwe a Mgwirizano wa Anthu Okha kuli ngati njira yothandiza kutsimikizira kuti maprogramu a malamulo sakulamulidwa ndi mkulu wa boma. Mphamvu imeneyi imalola mamembala a Palamente (MP) omwe sali mbali ya boma kuti apereke malamulo pankhani zimene akuona kukhala zofunika, motero kukulitsa makambitsirano a democracy ndi kubweretsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana m'kambirano wa boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti mapangano a boma akulamulira nthaŵi ya pulatilamu, ziwalo zachinsinsi za Bill zimagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri posamalira nkhani zimene mwina sizinganyalanyazidwe ndi boma.

Kumvetsetsa Mamembala Achinsinsi: Chiyambi ndi Chifuno

Msanganizo wa Mamembala a Booby ndi umene umayambitsidwa ndi chiŵalo cha Nyumba ya Malamulo amene sali nduna. Ku India, mapepala otero angayambitsidwe m'nyumba iliyonse ya Nyumba Yalamulo, koma chikalata chawo ndi chipambano zakhala zikutchulidwa kwambiri m'mbiri m'zakale m'malamulo a Raje Sabha. Malingalirowo amachokera ku dongosolo la Westminster, kumene mabanki amapatsidwa malo akutiakuti apereke malamulo. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kulola mamembalawo kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma kuti athetse nkhani zokhudza anthu zimene sizingagwirizane ndi mfundo zofunika za boma. Malamulowa amaphatikizapo kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi chitetezo cha za zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Ngakhale kuti kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala malamulo, iwo amapanga nkhani zapo ndi kusonkhezera boma kuchitapo kanthu kapena kuyendetsa ntchito yauyang’anira boma.

Mphamvu ya Raje Sabba m’Njira ya Ziŵalo Zachinsinsi

Rajiya Sabba analamulira ntchito yake ya lamulo kukhala malo oyambira ndi kupangidwa kwake kwapadera . Ziŵalo zosankhidwa ndi mabungwe a boma ndi kuikidwa ndi pulezidenti . Anapereka mtunda wakutiwakuti kuchokera ku zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko zimene zimayambukira Lok Sabhaha. Malo ameneŵa achititsa Rajinya Sabba kukhala wothandiza kwambiri kuyambitsa ndi kupenda kwake kwakukulu kwa Mamembala a Boma. Mosiyana ndi Lok Sabbaha, kumene unyinji wa boma kaŵirikaŵiri umatsogolera ku ku kuchepetsako kumapeto kwa programu kapena kutsekedwa, Rajiyaha yakhala ndi mwambo wa kukambitsirana nawo mokwanira. Nyumba yapamwambayo inaposanso kutchuka kwa Mamembala angapo a Boma, ntchito imene ili yosaipira m'ka ku Shab. Syab Sya adachokera ku Shab ndi kumbuyo kwake kwanthaŵi zonse, ndipo adaphatikizapo anthu ambiri odziŵa zalamulo, ndipo adalembaponso anthu ambiri, ndipo odziŵa zalamulo, omwe amafufuza kwanthaŵi zonse.

Maziko a Malamulo ndi Malamulo

Mfundo 107 ndi Mfundo 108 ya Malamulo a India imapereka makonzedwe a kuyambitsidwa ndi kuperekedwa kwa mafaindi, kuphatikizapo a ziwalo zaumwini. Malamulo a Procedire ndi Aunist mu Raja Sabba (Rabhu 64-73) amalamulira mwachindunji Mamembala a Mseriate kuti apereke malingana ndi malamulo. Chigawo chilichonse, nthaŵi imaikidwa kaamba ka kuyambitsidwa kwawo ndi kukambitsirana kwa mapepala. Pambuyo pake, chikhomezi chiyenera kupereka chidziŵitso cha mwezi asanapereke chikalata, chimene chimapendedwa ndi nduna zogwirizana ndi malamulo alamulo. Ngati chilo chalamulocho ndi lamulo la nyumba, chimandandalitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, chikalatacho chingayambitsiridwe kaamba ka kukambitsirana, kusankhidwa, kapena kusankhidwa mwachindunji, pa komiti, kapena kuyang'nda ya ndandanda ya ndandanda.

Njira Yodziŵikitsa ndi Kudutsa M’nyumba ya Mamembala Achinsinsi ya Raje Sabra

Kuzindikira njira yoyendera imasonyeza mipata ndi zopinga zimene zikukumana ndi ziŵalo zaumwini. Ulendo wa Ziŵalo za Mseri wa Bill ku Rajiya Sabhaha umaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo:

Chigawo 1: Zindikirani ndi Kusanthula

Chiŵalo chiyenera kutumiza chidziŵitso cha lamulo, limodzi ndi mawu ake ndi zinthu ndi zifukwa, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi chisadakhale pulogalamu. Rajiya Sabra Secretariat imafufuza chikalata cha zophophonya zilizonse za malamulo, kutsutsana ndi malamulo amene alipo, kapena kusoŵa kwa mphamvu ya malamulo. Ngati apezedwa, amaphatikizidwa m'mapepala tsiku la kutsegulira.

Mfundo 2: Kuyamba Kukambirana ndi Nkhani Zina

Pa Lachisanu, chiŵalocho chimatumiza kachitidwe ka kunyamuka kukayambitsa ndalama. Kaŵirikaŵiri, zimenezi zimaloledwa popanda kutsutsana. Komabe, ngati boma kapena ziŵalo zina zitsutsa, kukambitsirana kochepa kukhoza kuchitika. Atayambitsa, ndalamazo zimafalitsidwa mu Gazette wa India ndi kukhala chinthu choyembekezera cha malamulo kaamba ka mkangano wamtsogolo.

Chigawo 3: Kulingalira ndi Kubwezera kwa Komiti

Pambuyo pa mawu oyamba, chikalatacho chingaperekedwe "kufufuza" pa Lachisanu lotsatira. Chiŵalo chingapereke kachitidwe ka kutchula lamulolo ku Komiti Yosankha kapena Komiti ya Gulu. Makomiti amalola kufufuza kwatsatanetsatane, kuitanira mboni zaluso ndi malingaliro a anthu. M'komiti ya Rajiya Sabha, mayeso a Ziŵalo za Boma za Bills nthaŵi zina atsogolera ku malipoti apamwamba akuti boma lizisonkhezera ngakhale ngati malamulowo satha.

Chigawo 4: Kutsutsana ndi Kulankhulana

Pamene chikalatacho chandandalikidwa, mkangano wokwanira umachitika. Woyendetsayo akufotokoza zolinga za ndalama, ziŵalo zina zimalankhula, ndi kukonza. Pambuyo pa kutsutsanako, nyumbayo imavotera kudutsa ndalama. Ngati ipodwa ndi mamembala ambiri amene alipo ndi kuvota (kukhala mbali imodzi ya ziŵalo zonse), lamulolo limalingaliridwa kukhala loperekedwa ndi Rapya Sabba. Komabe, liyenera kupita ku Lok Sabba kaamba ka mgwirizano, kumene chitsutso cha boma kaŵirikaŵiri chimatsekankhira kupita patsogolo kwake.

Chithunzi 5: Choikidwiratu m’Lok Sabha

Kuti Mamembala a Booc apange lamulo, ayenera kuperekedwa ndi nyumba zonse ziŵiri ndi kulandira unduna wa boma. Malamulo a Lok Sabba amalola boma kupha ndalama zotero mokhutiritsa mwa kusalinganiza, Rajiya Sabba [1] Kawirikawiri kaŵiri n’kophiphiritsira. Komabe, pakhala zochitika zodziŵika kumene Bill ya Mamembala a Boma anapatsiridwa ndi Rajiya Sabba pambuyo pake adatsogolera ku ntchito ya boma kapena adaikidwanso monga lamulo la boma. Mwachitsanzo, m'pangano la pepala la [[FLT: 0] Anti-Corbaction Ombrisman (Lovalp) Bill lisanakhale membala ya Boma.

Kuyerekezera Mabuku a Raje Sabba ndi Lok Sabha

Kufufuza kwa ma kampani ya Private Lines kuvumbula ntchito ya Raje Sabhaha. Kuyambira 1952, Rajiya Sabha wadutsa pa 12 a Ziŵalo za Anthu Odziŵika, pamene kuli kwakuti Lok Sabha wangopitirira pang'ono chabe. Zifukwa zake n’zochuluka:

  • [[NTHAŴI] Nthawi: Rajiya Sabba kaŵirikaŵiri imatchula nthaŵi yochuluka ndi ndandanda yokambirana nthaŵi zonse, pamene kuli kwakuti Lok Sabba mobwerezabwereza imatha nthaŵi ya magawo kaamba ka ngongole zoterozo.
  • Kudalirana kwa 'Prolitical:[[FLT :1] Ziŵalo za Lok Sabha zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi zikwapu za pa chipani ndi mapangano a malamulo a boma, zikumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kuika pambali ndalama zotsala zosakhala za boma.
  • [[FLT: 0] Unyinji: Pamene Raje Sabha iri nyumba yachikhalire, mapepala oyambitsidwa mu programu imodzi angapititse ku yotsatira. M'Lok Sabha, Ziŵalo zonse za Mseri za Mabuku za Boma zalephera, kukakamiza njirayo kuyambanso.
  • Exppect: Raja Sabba amaphatikizapo oweruza otchuka ambiri, akatswiri azachuma, ndi ochirikiza zamakhalidwe amene amapanga kuyesayesa kupanga malamulo odalirika, kaŵirikaŵiri akumalandira ulemu wa bipartisan.

Mavuto ndi Zolephera Zoyang’anizana ndi Ziŵalo Zaumwini

Mosasamala kanthu za kumasuka kwa Rajiya Sabba, Ziŵalo za M’bungwe la Malo za Malo zakhala ndi zopinga zoopsa. Chofunika kwambiri ndicho kusoŵa mphamvu zolamulira: Mosiyana ndi ngongole za boma, iwo sangapatsidwe mbali ya malamulo a boma ndi Communist Advisory Committee. Iwo amadalira kotheratu pa kukhalako kwa Lachisanu, kumene kumachotsedwa chifukwa cha mabizinesi ena. Ngakhale pamene boma liwatsutsa, iwo ali otsimikiza kuti adzalephera chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa Raji Sabba pa nkhani zoterozo, koma kawirikawiri sii kukwapulanitsa zipani zonse. Kuwonjezerapo, kachitidweko kabwinoka kamafunika kukonzekera kwa chiŵalo chalamulo, kukambirana ndi akatswiri, ndi akatswiri oyendetsa zinthu, ndi opanga zinthu. Ziŵalo zambiri zimalephera kukwaniritsa chuma chachikulukulu. Monga momwe Mamembala ambiri a Bill (mapanga chiwonjezezezeze 98)

Mavuto a Zachuma Monga Chopinga

Mfundo 117 ya Konsichushoni imafuna kuti lamulo lokhudza ndalama zowonongedwa ndi bungwe la Conodad Fund la India lingoyambitsidwa ndi chivomerezo cha pulezidenti, chimene kwenikweni chimatanthauza kuchirikizidwa ndi boma. Chifukwa chakuti Mamembala ambiri a M’bungwe la Mseri a Mabungwe akupereka makonzedwe atsopano kapena maprogramu, iwo amatsekedwa mwachibadwa kusiyapo ngati boma limawachotsa. Ili ndilo vuto lalikulu limene limachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa ngongole zoterozo.

Kusintha Malamulo Kukhala Malamulo Omwe Analephera

Ngakhale ngati munthu wina wa m’bungwe la anthu a m’bungwe la Anthe Bill salowa m'gulu la malamulo, likhozabe kukhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri.

  • Chiŵalo choikidwa M.P. Veerendra Kumar chinayambitsa lamulo lolamulira kugwiritsira ntchito pulasitiki mu 1999, limene pambuyo pake linapanga maziko a Plastic Waste Management Rules.
  • Raja Sabra membala ndi wochirikiza za kakhalidwe ka anthu K.S. Gill anayambitsa chikalata chofufuzira chamanja mu 1993, kuthandiza kufulumiza lamulo la boma pankhaniyi.
  • Kutetezeredwa kwa Ufulu wa Anthu ndi Chikalata cha Ulema 2016 [1] Mamembala a Mabungwe a Anthu oyambirira osamukira ku Rajiya Sabba.

Zitsanzo zoterozo zimasonyeza mphamvu ya Mabungwe a Malo Obisika kuchita monga zosonkhezera kusintha malamulo, ngakhale pamene samaliza kukhazikitsa lamulo.

Kufuna Kusintha Zinthu Kuti Zilimbikitsire Mamembala Awo

Poona kuti makomiti ambiri a nyumba ya malamulo ndi akatswiri a zamalamulo athandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya demokalase, alamula kuti pakhale kusintha kuti mfundo za m’mabungwe a bungwe la boma zikhale zothandiza kwambiri.

  • Nthawi yoikika: Chiŵerengero chochepa cha masiku ogona chigawo chimodzi chokha chigawo chimodzi chokha cha Mabuku a Malo Obisika, popanda kuimirirapo.
  • Kusanthula Komiti yogwirizana: Mabuku onse a Mseri amene adutsa mbali yoyamba ayenera kuikidwa komiti yoima yokhala ndi masiku olembedwa oyenera kulembedwa.
  • Pansiline Revision and Open Attivis: [[FLT :1] Kusintha kwa ntchito yonse, kulola kufufuza ndi malingaliro a anthu, ofanana ndi Parliatic Digital Library [
  • Ndalama zokhalako Prease Mechanism : komiti yodzipereka kusanthula ziyambukiro za ndalama za Mamembala a Mabuku a Mseri ndi kutulutsa zikalata zotsegulidwapo kuti agonjetse m’Logani 117.

Pamene kuli kwakuti palibe ndi limodzi la masinthidwe ameneŵa limene lagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira, Raje Sabra wapita patsogolo kwambiri mwa kufalitsa Mamembala a Mabuku a pa Intaneti ndi kupereka chichirikizo cha malamulo kwa ziŵalo za anthu kupyolera mwa Lok Sabba Sectariat’s Bill Difting Sell (imene imathandizanso Rajya Sabba).

Tanthauzo Lofala la Demokrase ya Aindiya

Raje Sabba Sabya akhoza kuyambitsa ndi kutumiza Mabungwe a M’dzikolo. Mphamvu imeneyi imachirikiza mfundo ya kuimira anthu; ili maziko a demokrase yabwino ya nyumba ya malamulo. Imatsimikizira kuti malamulo sayendetsedwa ndi mkulu wa boma ndi kuti chiŵalo chilichonse cha nyumba yapamwamba chili ndi njira yolunjikitsira kuthetsa nkhani za dziko. Mphamvu imeneyi imachirikiza mfundo ya kuimira boma, ndipo imalimbikitsa anthu a m’dziko lawo, kapena chitaganya cha anthu opatuka m’chinenero cha boma. Ndiponso, imalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha kutsutsana ndi kukambirana, kumene malingaliro amayesedwa motsutsana ndi maumboni, osati kokha mizere. Panthaŵi imene kuyendetsa malamulo kumachitidwa pa mkangano, ndi kulimbitsa mamembala a Boma kuti ayendere panjira yachikulu ya ku Indiya.

Kumaliza: Chipangizo Chochepa Komabe Chofunika Kwambiri

Mphamvu ya Raje Sabba yoyambitsa ndi kupatsa Mabungwe a Malamulo a Chigawo cha Mtseri yapadera mu mathengo a ku India. Pamene kuli kwakuti chipambano cha ndalama zotero chikhala chotsika chifukwa cha malamulo a procedal ndi ndale zadziko, phindu lawo siliri kokha m'kukhala lamulo koma m'nkhani yogwirizana ndi malamulo, kugogomezera nkhani zonyalanyazidwa, ndi kuchititsa boma kukhala ndi mlandu. Rajeya Sabba, ndi kulembedwa kwake kotchuka ndi makhalidwe ake odziimira, kwakhala kwamphamvu yopambana kuposa Lok Sabbaha, kukhazikitsa zitsanzo za mmene malamulo a kumbuyo a kuthandizira kuyendetsa malamulo a dziko. Popeza kuti malamulowo asonyezedi chifuniro cha anthu, mphamvu imeneyi iyenera kusonyezedwa, osati kumbali ya mbali ina. Monga momwe nzika za Boma za Boma za pa Uningli zimatithandiza kuyamikira kuloŵerera kwa lamulo la democratic .

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka, gwiritsirani ntchito [[FLT: 0] Kufufuza kwa Malamulo kaamba ka chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane pa Mabungwe a Malamulo a Mbanjalo, ndi mkulu Rajya Sabba Website kaamba ka malamulo a m'malemba a mbiri yakale. Kuwonjezerapo, kusanthula kozama kwa ziwalo zachipambano za Mabuku a Malo achinsinsi kumakhalapo kupyolera mwa [[FLT: 4.] nkhani yachiwna yachi kuchokera ku Chihindu imene imafotokoza tanthauzo lawo.