Mpumulo Wachiŵiri m’Chinenero Chofeŵa: Chimene Umatanthauza kwa Inu

Ziganizo zochepa za lamulo la ku America zimayambitsa mkangano waukulu, kuvomerezana, ndi chilakolako monga mawu 27 amene amapanga Lamulo Lachiŵiri. Kwa eni mfuti, ochirikiza zalamulo, ndi nzika za tsiku ndi tsiku, kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la kukonza kumeneku nkofunika pokonza malo ovuta. Kusintha kwachiŵiri sikumapatsa ufulu wakusunga ndi kunyamula zida; kumazindikira boma lapasadakhale ndi loletsa kuphwanya lamulolo. Komabe, mofanana ndi ufulu uliwonse woperekedwa m’Chilamulo, sikuli kopanda malire. Kulimbana pakati pa ufulu ndi kutetezeredwa kwa anthu kukupitirizabe kugwirizanitsa mmene makhoti asungedwe ake. Nkhaniyi imaswa malamulo achiŵiriwo m’kati mwake, ikulongosola zimene limatetezera, kulinganiza, kuchepetsa, ndi kuchepetsa zigamulo zazikulu za khoti lamakono.

Lemba: Kusweka kwa Mzera ndi Mzera

Chikalata chonse cha Lamulo Lachiŵiri chimanena kuti: A a Militia, pokhala ofunika kuti boma laufulu likhale lotetezeka, kuyenera kwa anthu kusunga ndi kunyamula zida, sikudzaswedwa. Chigamulo chimodzi chimenechi chagawidwa m'zigawo ziŵiri zosiyana: mawu oyambirira (kukwaniritsa chifuno) ndi mawu othandiza (kusunga kumanja otetezedwa). Kumvetsetsa nyumbayi kuli kofunika kumasulira bwino.

"Alaitia yolinganizidwa bwino"

Mbadwo wokhazikitsidwa unali ndi kusakhulupirira kwakukulu kwa magulu ankhondo oima. Olamulira a boma . "ogwirizana ndi nzika wamba zimene zinaphunzitsa ndi kutumikira kwa kamodzi" anaonedwa kukhala chitetezo chachikulu chotetezera kuukira kwa maiko ena ndi udani wa m'banja. M'zaka za zana la 18, "auyang'anira bwino" apolisi anatanthauza kuti wina amene anaphunzitsidwa bwino ndi kukonzeka, osati kwenikweni mmodzi wolamuliridwa ndi boma. Lerolino, mkangano wa malo alamulo ameneŵa ponena kuti kaya kuyenera kunyamula zida kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya asilikali okha. Khoti Lapamwamba linathetsa funso limeneli mu 2008, likulamulira kuti lamulo la kutumiza anthu ku boma koma silikuletsa anthu ankhondo okha.

Kuyenera kwa ufulu wa dziko

Mawu ameneŵa akusonyeza chikhulupiriro cha oyambitsa kuti anthu okhala ndi zida anali kufufuza boma kuti liwagonjetse. Kutetezeka kwa boma laufulu, iwo anati, kunadalira pa kukhoza kwa anthu kudzitetezera okha ku ziwopsezo zachilendo ndi za m'banja. Lingaliro limeneli lidakali lothandiza m'makambitsirano amakono onena za ufulu wa kudzilamulira okha ndi ntchito ya nzika yosunga ufulu.

“ Kuyenera kwa anthu ”

Mawu akuti "anthu" akupezeka m'malo ambiri m'Malamulo, kuphatikizapo Oyamba, Achinayi, ndi Aprindments . M'nkhani iliyonse, amatanthauza ufulu wa munthu aliyense, osati ufulu wa anthu onse kapena wa boma. Khoti Lapamwamba linadalira kwambiri pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kogwirizana kumeneku mu Columbia v. Heller . Helter kugamula kuti Malamulo achiŵiri amateteza ufulu wa munthu aliyense wokhala ndi mfuti zalamulo, monga ngati kudzitetezera yekha m'nyumba.

"Kusunga ndi kunyamula zida"

"Pitirizani" kutanthauza kukhala ndi, pamene kuli kwakuti "kunyamula" kumatanthauza kunyamula. Kuphatikiza maneni onse aŵiri kumasonyeza kuti kuyenera kumabisa zinthu zonse ziŵiri zokhala ndi mfuti (kusunga mfuti panyumba) ndi ngolo yogwira ntchito (kunyamula mfuti kunja kwa nyumba). Mawu akuti "Arms" amafotokozedwa mokulira kuphatikizapo zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene kuli kwakuti mfuti zamakono monga mfuti zamphamvu ndi mfuti zimaphimbidwa bwino, kafotokozedwe kake kake ka zinthu zokhudza kutulukira zaumisiri ndi zinthu zina monga otsendereza kapena magazini apamwamba kwambiri.

Sadzadodometsedwa

Limeneli ndi chinenero champhamvu kwambiri chimene oyambitsawo anagwiritsira ntchito kutetezera kuyenera. "Kulimbana" kumatanthauza kuchepetsa, kufooka, kapena kuloŵerera. Komabe, palibe kuyenera kwa lamulo lovomerezeka komwe kuli. Boma lingayendetse nthaŵi, malo, ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ufulu, komanso kuletsa magulu ena a anthu kuti aigwiritse ntchito, malinga ngati malamulowo amayendera miyambo ya m’mbiri. Chitokoso chachikulu cha makhoti amakono chikuika malire pakati pa malamulo ovomerezeka ndi malamulo osagwirizana ndi malamulo.

Zimene Kusintha kwachiŵiri Kumatetezera

Masiku ano, ufuluwu ukuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene anthu amachita ndiponso zimene amakonda.

Kudzifeŵetsa Kokha (Chikhodzodzo cha Kumanja)

Heller [[FLT :1] chigamulo chinalengeza kuti "chifuno chololedwa" cha Lamulo Lachiŵiri ndi kudzitetezera. Ichi chimaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kudzitetezera m’nyumba, ndipo pambuyo pake malamulo anafutukula lamulo limeneli kwa anthu onse. Kudzivulaza ndi kozikidwa kwambiri m’malamulo a anthu onse ndi miyambo yachibadwa, kukuchititsa kukhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri chotetezeredwa ndi kukonza.

Ufulu Wonyamula

Mu New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022), Bwalo Lapamwamba linafotokoza kuti kuyenera kwa "kunyamula" zida kumapitirira nyumba. Mlanduwo unagwetsa "chochititsa choyenera" chofunikira cha kunyamula zilolezo, posunga kuti boma lisonyeze mwambo wa mbiri yakale wa ziletso zofananazo kulungamitsa lamulo lamakono la mfuti. Monga chotulukapo, ukunena kuti, kalelo anafuna kusoŵa kwapadera kuposa kwa munthu mwiniyo kukhala ndi lamulo lonyamula.

Oseŵera ndi Osonkhanitsa

Mpando wachiŵiri wa Amereka umateteza ufulu wokhala ndi mfuti zochitira kusaka, kuwombera, ndi kusonkhanitsa. Ntchito zimenezi zimalingaliridwa kukhala "zifuno zoyenerera" pansi pa kukonzedwa. Komabe, chitetezo cha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zosangulutsa sichikufotokozedwa bwino koposa kudzikonza. Makhoti kaŵirikaŵiri amapatsa ufulu wolamulira maseŵera osaka ndi kuwombera kuposa umene amapanga poyang’anira zida zogwiritsiridwa ntchito kudzitetezera.

Chitetezo pa Kupondereza

Ngakhale kuti siinagogomezedwe kwambiri m'malamulo amakono, mbadwo woyambirira unalingalira kuyenera kwa kunyamula zida kukhala chitetezo kwa boma ochenjeredwa. Yohane Adams analemba kuti “nkhondo za nzika zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito mwanzeru kuti zitetezere dziko, kugonjetsedwa kwa ulamuliro wankhanza, kapena kudzilamulira kwaumwini. Lingaliro limeneli la mbiri yakale likupitirizabe kusonkhezera nkhani ya ndale zadziko pa kuyenera kwa kunyamula zida.

Zolephera ndi Malamulo: Kodi malamulo a m’Bungwe la Malamulo nchiyani?

Mosasamala kanthu za chinenero champhamvu cha kukonza, Bwalo Lapamwamba lazindikira mosalekeza kuti kuyenera kwa kusunga ndi kunyamula zida kuli koyenera kulephera. Chigamulo [[FLT: 0] Bruen chinayambitsa njira yatsopano yopendera malamulo ameneŵa: makhoti ayenera kuyang'ana ku malemba, mbiri, ndi mwambo kugamula ngati lamulo lamakono liri loikidwiratu. Muyezo umenewu wasinthanso malamulo a mfuti.

Muyezo wa "Wowopsa ndi Wachilendo"

Mu Heller , Jasitisi Scalia analemba kuti Second Amendment siteteza zida zimene zili "zoopsa ndi zachilendo". Gulu limeneli limaphatikizapo mfuti zazifupi zoyendetsera zida zankhondo, mfuti za m'makampani, ndi zipangizo zina zoyendetsera nkhondo. Ndandandanda ya zida zotetezedwa kaŵirikaŵiri imalekezedwa ndi zida zotchedwa "zofala" kaamba ka zolinga zololedwa. Muyezo ndi wofunika kwambiri ku nkhondo zovomerezedwa ndi malamulo pa "zida zankhondo zankhondo zamphamvu" ndi magazini apamwamba.

Kufufuza kwa Makhalidwe Akumbuyo

Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act ya 1993 inakhazikitsa National Point Criminal Back System (NICS). Lamulo la Federal limafuna ogulitsa mfuti ololedwa kuyang'anira kumbuyo kwa ogula onse. Pamene kuli kwakuti kusamutsidwa kwaumwini (pakati pa anthu) sikunakhale koyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi dziko lonse lapansi, maboma ambiri akhazikitsa malamulo awo kuletsa malo otchedwa "kugulitsidwa kwaumwini. Makhoti achirikiza kaŵirikaŵiri zifuno zoyendera zogwirizana ndi malamulo a mbiri yakale.

Anthu Otengedwa

Malamulo a Federal amaletsa kukhala ndi mfuti za anthu m’magulu akutiakuti: ogwidwa ndi mlandu, othaŵa ku chilungamo, anthu ogwidwa ndi vuto la maganizo, awo opezedwa ndi chiwawa chapanyumba olakwa, ndi anthu ofunikira kuletsa malamulo. Khoti Lapamwamba linachirikiza chiwawa chapanyumba mu United States v. Rahimi [1] (2024), likupeza kuti mbiri imachirikiza kuletsa anthu aupandu. Chigamulo chimenechi chinasonyeza kuyesa koyambirira kwa Bruen ault ndipo chinatsimikizira kuti chiletso chachikulu si chilolezo chonse cha boma la United States .

Ziletso za Nyengo

Ukulu umene anthu achikulire alamulo angagule mfuti wakhala nkhani yotsutsana. Malamulo ambiri amalola kugula mfuti kwa anthu ogulitsa mfuti pa zaka 21, pamene mfuti zazitali zingagulidwe pa zaka 18. Zitokoso zingapo za khoti zaposachedwapa zanena kuti zaka 18 kufikira 20 zakhala mbali ya "anthu" otetezeredwa ndi Lamulo Lachiŵiri. Makhoti ena aswa ziletso za msinkhu pansi pa mayeso a Bruen, kupanga chikalata cha malamulo amene adzafunikira kupendedwanso ndi Khoti Lapamwamba.

Malo Ozindikira

Chigamulo chinazindikira kuti malo ena akhala akulekanitsidwa ndi zida zankhondo. Malo "amtima apafupi" amaphatikizapo nyumba za khoti, misonkhano ya malamulo, malo ofunsira, ndi sukulu. Komabe, khoti linachenjeza za kufutukula gululi mokulira. Malamulo amene amatchula mizinda yonse, njira zoyendera za onse, kapena madera amalonda monga malo ovuta kuyang'ana kwambiri pa nthaŵi yapambuyo pa Bruen.

Magazini Aakulu ndi "Zida Zomenyana ndi Zida" Ziletso

Mwinamwake nkhondo yolimba kwambiri m'nkhondo yachiŵiri yachiŵiri yosintha zinthu ndi chitokoso cha kuletsa magazini otsatizana ndi mfuti zamakono. Ochirikiza zinthu zimenezi amatsutsa kuti ndi "zofala" ndipo motero zotetezedwa pansi pa Heller . Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti "aupandu ndi achilendo" ndipo ayang'aniridwa ndi malamulo. Makhoti angapo a boma apereka zigamulo zotsutsana zakuti kaya ziletso zimenezi zipambana mayeso a Bruen. Masewera akugwira ntchito yawo pa njirayo ndipo mwachionekere amagamulidwa ndi Khoti Lapamwamba m’zaka zikubwera.

Malamulo a Mbendera Zofiira (Malamulo Otetezera Ngozi Zake)

Malamulo ofiira amalola kusungidwa kwa lamulo kapena ziŵalo za banja kuchonderera khoti kwakanthaŵi kuchotsa mfuti kwa munthu wolingaliridwa kukhala upandu kwa iwo okha kapena kwa ena. Malamulo ameneŵa ngoyamba ndipo alibe malamulo a mbiri yakale, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kutsutsa pansi pa dongosolo la Bruen. Komabe, [FLT: 0] Rahimi [1] chigamulo, chimene chimachirikiza kuchotsedwa kwa mfuti kwa anthu omvera malamulo achiwawa a m'banja, chimapereka mapu a msewu otetezera malamulo ofiira a mbendera mogwirizana ndi mwambo wa mbiri ya anthu oopsa.

Milandu ya Khoti Lalikulu (Chingelezi Chosavuta)

Kuti mumvetse bwino mfundo za m’buku lachiwiri la Mpando wa Malamulo, muyenera kudziwa nkhani zimene zakhudza kwambiri mfundo za masiku ano.

Chigawo cha Columbia ndi Heller (2008)

[[FLT: 0] Zoona: Lamulo la Columbia loletsa kukhala ndi mfuti m’nyumba ndipo linafuna kuti mfuti zonse zololedwa zisungidwe zotsekedwa ndi mfuti zotsekedwa kapena zogaŵidwa. Chikole: [[FLT:] Khoti Lapamwamba linamenya lamulo, kutanthauza kuti Malamulo achiŵiri amatetezera munthu kuyenera kukhala ndi mfuti yaumwini mkati mwa nyumba. Woweruza Scalia analingalira kuti lamulo lapasadagalamu (miliya) silimaletsa lamulo logwira ntchito (kulamanja kwa anthu). Imeneyi inali nthaŵi yoyamba ya Khoti lalikulu lozindikira bwino lomwe linamasulira bwino.

Mzinda wa Chicago (2010)

Zoona: Chicago chinali ndi chiletso cha mfuti chofanana ndi chija cha ku Washington, D.C. [[FLT ] Chikole: Khotilo linavomereza kuti Communition Yachiŵiri imagwira ntchito ku boma ndi maboma akomwewo kupyolera ku Programme ya 145 Development Claus (chiphunzitso chodziŵika monga "ikomporation"). Chigamulochi chinathetsa chiletso cha Chicacago ndi kupangitsa boma lonse ndi malamulo a mfuti a kumaloko kukhala ndi chitoko chachiŵiri. Popanda [FL:] Madodaldal , nzika za maiko sizikanathandiza kukonza chilolezo chakwa cha kumaloko.

Mzinda wa Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022)

Zoona: [[FLT :1] Ofunsira kaamba ka kunyamula zilolezo zobisika kusonyeza "chochititsa choyenera" (chosoŵa chapadera cha kudzitetezera kupyola kwa anthu onse). Kugwira: [[FLT:] Khoti linagunda "'lijalitseni" boma, kuchititsa kuti Malamulo achiŵiri atetezere ku kuyenera kwa kunyamula mfuti kwa anthu onse. [Malamulo a [1] Malamulo atsopano: malamulo a mfuti ayenera kukhala "a''''a'a'kantha ndi mwambo wa mbiri yakale wa mfuti wa dziko lino kuti boma litsimikizire kuti likhale loletsa lamakono.

United States ndi Rahimi (2024)

Zoona: Zackey Rahimi adaimbidwa mlandu wa kukhala ndi mfuti pamene anali kuchitiridwa chiwawa chapanyumba choletsa lamulo. Anatsutsa lamulo monga kuswa ufulu wake wachiŵiri wa Amereka pansi pa mayeso a Bruen. Kugwira: [[FLT:] Khotilo:] Linachirikiza chiletso cha boma pa mfuti ndi anthu omvera malamulo achiwawa m’banja. Woweruza Wamkulu Roberts analemba kuti mbiri yakale imachirikiza kuletsa anthu omwe saali "okhoza, lamulo loletsa anthu." chigamuchigamuchi chitsimikizo chakuti Brube sichimawononga malamulo onse a mfuti ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malamulo a m’mbiri yamakono.

Mfundo Zothandiza Kumvetsa Ufulu Wanu Wachiwiri

Kuletsa malamulo a Lamulo la Lamulo lachiŵiri kungakhale kovuta, koma mfundo zingapo zofunika zingathandize kuwongolera ufulu wanu ndi udindo wanu.

  • Ndilo kuyenera kwa munthu mmodzi. Ufulu wakusunga ndi kunyamula zida ndiwe, osati kokha kwa gulu la asilikali. Imeneyi yakhala lamulo pambuyo pa Heller , , [FLT] D [, ndi Brubru .]
  • Imatetezera zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Miluno yamoto imene ili "yokhala ndi nzika zomangitsa lamulo kaamba ka zifuno zololedwa" imatetezeredwa mwamphamvu ndi lamulo la malamulo. Handguns, magazini apadera, ndi mfuti zamakono zimagwera m'gululi.
  • Ili pansi pa malamulo. Boma lingaletse kukhala ndi chuma kwa anthu oopsa, kuletsa kunyamula m'malo ovuta, ndi kuika malamulo malinga ngati malamulowo ali ogwirizana ndi miyambo ya mbiri yakale.
  • Muyezo walamulo ndiwo "Malembo, Mbiri, ndi Tragio. [FLT :1] Pambuyo pa Bruen [FLT , makhoti amasanthula malamulo a mfuti mwa kuyang'ana ngati pali malamulo a mbiri yakale kuchokera ku nyengo yokhazika kapena yokha. Ngati kulibe mwambo wotero, lamulolo lingakhale lopanda lamulo.
  • Lamulo la m'Chigawo limakhala lofunika. Pamene kuli kwakuti Kusintha kwachiŵiri kumakhazikitsa malo, maboma angakhazikitse malamulo otetezera kwambiri. Kulinganiza kwa ufulu ndi malamulo kumakhala kosiyana ndi boma, ndipo kuli kofunika kumvetsetsa malamulo anu a kumaloko.

Tsogolo la Kukonzanso kwachiŵiri

Khoti Lalikulu lasintha kwenikweni lamulo la Kusintha kwachiŵiri. [[FLT: 0] Bruen [kuyesa kwamakono ndi njira zotetezera, pamene kudakali kudalirana, kwatsegulira chitseko kutsutsana ndi miyeso yambiri ya mfuti. Makhoti ang'onoang'ono akulimbana ndi mmene angagwiritsire ntchito "miyambo yamwambo" ku maluso amakono ndi njira zoyendera. Pa nthaŵi imodzimodziyo, RHAMI[F:] [FLT] [3] akupereka chigamulo cha kutetezera ziletso zina zofala. Nkhani yopitirizabe yokhudza mfuti mu America si yongololedwa mwalamulo, koma ndi kukambirana kwa zandale za tanthauzo la ufulu, ndi thayo la munthu aliyense, kapena kuyang'anira kuyang'anirana kwa lamulo. Chidziŵitso chachikulu chaku, chimatsimikizira kulongosola bwino lakulimbana ndi kutsutsana kwake koyenera. [F4]