Zimene Zinali Kuchitika pa Lachisanu

Patatha zaka zoposa makumi aŵiri chitachitidwa chikalata, Good Wearcent Agreement , imadziwikanso monga Belfast Agreement , idakali imodzi ya zitsanzo zotchulidwa kwambiri za kukambirana kwa mtendere kwachipambano m'mbiri yamakono. Itafika pa 10 April 1998 pambuyo pa zaka ziŵiri za nkhani zambiri, panganolo linathetsa nkhondo yoipitsitsa ya athnoparalist yodziŵika monga Nkhondo, yomwe inapha anthu oposa 3,500 kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za 1960. Linalo linakhazikitsa boma lokhala ndi mphamvu zolamulira kwambiri ku Northern Ireland, linatsimikizira mfundo ya kuvomereza za kuikidwa kwa lamulo la dziko, ndi kuyambika mabungwe ogwirizana ndi Northern Ireland ndi Ireland.

Gawo lokambirana linali lodabwitsa chifukwa cha mbali yake. Pamene maboma a Britain ndi Ireland anagwira ntchito monga makonthi a boma a dziko la Britain ndi Ireland, zipani zisanu ndi zitatu zandale ku Northern Ireland zinatengamo mbali, kuphatikizapo Republicans (Sin Fiéin), okhulupirika (Ulster Union Union, Democratic Party Party, ndi zina), limodzi ndi makampani a mtanda wa a sommon Alliance . Nkhanizo zinasonkhezeredwa ndi mpando wodziimira pawokha, U. Sanator George Mitchell , kumbali ya Canadian John de Chastein ndi yemwe kale Ndunagovern Holke. Mitchell anaperekanso malamulo aluso a procculvial . Pangano ya “Mitchell ya ku . . . . . . . .

Chipanganocho sichinayambike ndi zinthu zopanda kanthu. Chimangiridwa pa zoyesayesa zoyambirira za kusintha ulamuliro wa Northern Ireland, monga ngati Chipangano cha Sunningdale cha 1973 ndi Chipangano cha Anglo-Irish cha 1985. Mosiyana ndi mapangano akale amenewo, ngakhale kuli tero, Chipangano Chabwino cha Lachisanu cholembedwa osati kokha ziungwe za ndale zadziko komanso [[FLT: 0]] mpambo wokwanira wa nkhani zosinthasinthasinthasintha [: ufulu wa anthu, kuchotsa zida zankhondo, kulola zigamu zankhondo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma. Kufikira kumeneku kaŵirikaŵiri kumasonyezedwa monga chifukwa chachikulu cha kupirira kwake, ngakhale pamene kuyendetsa ntchito kwake kunali kosagwirizana.

Kumvetsa bwino nkhani yonse ya mavuto n’kofunika kwambiri kuti timvetsetse zimene panganolo linachita. Kulimbanaku kunayambika m'zaka mazana ambiri za kugaŵikana kwa atsamunda, magaŵano a zipembedzo, ndi kukondera kolinganizana ndi achikatolika ndi adziko. Pofika m'ma 1990, magulu ankhondo a Republic ndi okhulupirika omwe anayamba kuzindikira nkhondo yosatha ndi mapindu amene angapezeke chifukwa cha kukambirana. Kulankhulana kwachinsinsi, monga kuja kunaphatikizapo nzeru za Britain ndi IRA, kunayambitsa kutha kwa nkhondo mu 1994 ndi 1997. Kukambirana kwa mayiko a Rein-scene ndi masamu a John Hume (kwa Democratic ndi Labour Party) ndi Gerrys Adam (Sin Féin) kunathandiza anthu andale kuti ayambe kugawana nawo ndale.

Mfundo zinathandizanso. Kutha kwa Nkhondo ya Mawu kunapangitsa kuti kukhale kosavuta kwa U.S. kudziloŵetsa popanda kukhumudwitsa UK. European Union inapereka ndalama ndi ntchito yogwirizana yomwe inafeŵetsa malire a mikangano ya ulamuliro. Chigwirizano cha chigwirizano cha kuthetsa chiwawa chachikulu ku Northern Ireland chapanga ilo chitsanzo cha omanga mtendere m'malemba osiyanasiyana monga Colombia, Sri Lanka, Balkan, ndi Middle East. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ake kumafuna chisamaliro chakuya ndi kuzindikira mikhalidwe yakwawo ndi mabizinesi ndi osatha amene adakalipo.

Maphunziro Ofunika pa Upanganowo

Pansipa pali maphunziro amene anthu ambiri amatsatira, ndipo lililonse la mafanizowa limakhala ndi mfundo zapadera zimene anthu a ku Northern Ireland apeza.

Kukambitsirana ndi Kutenga Umodzi

Kukambitsirana kophatikizapo sikunali kokha mawu a m'nthaŵi ya mtendere; kunali kofunika kumanga. Makina a omangawo anapeŵa “kutsika kwa ” kuyendetsa zinthu koikidwa ndi maboma a Britain ndi Ireland . Mmalomwake, anaumirira kuti malo alionse amene alipo ayenera kufunsidwa ndi magulu oimira ziwawa zimene zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiwawa. Zimenezi zinaphatikizapo kuitanira Sinn Féin pheap ya ndale ya IRA , nkhani zotchuka zimene zinali zotsutsana kwambiri panthaŵiyo koma zinatsimikizira kuti ndi zofunika kuti anthu asunge chivomerezo cha dziko la Republic.

Chifukwa chake kulolerana kuli ndi nkhani: Akanema osaikidwa angakhale owononga, kugwiritsira ntchito chiwawa kapena zopinga kuchotsa mtendere. Mwakubweretsa magulu ankhondo m'gulu la ndale zadziko (ndi mikhalidwe yonga kulekeka ndi Mitchell Principles), njira yoyambitsa zisonkhezero za kugonjezera. Komabe, kukakamizanso kuyendetsa malonda-kuchoka: kupereka malo apamwamba kwa magulu amene achitapo zankhanza kukhoza kukopa mikhole ndi kukulitsa chitaganya. Njira ya Northern Ireland yolankhula ndi kugogomezera mapangano aŵiri kwa [FL:2] ufulu wa anthu, kufanana, ndi chilungamo, ndi chilungamo, mwakuti kukwaniritsa zimene zichitidwe zachiwawa sikunapindulitse. Anthu a m'tsogolo angakhoze kukhazikitsa njira zofananazo, monga momwe zigwirizano zachiwawa ndi kukhazikitsa zigamu za democralansi.

Kulimbitsa Mphamvu Koyenera ndi Kocholoŵana Kokwanira

Chimodzi cha mbali zapadera kwambiri za Chipangano Chabwino cha Lachisanu ndicho dongosolo la bungwe la ogwirizana lokhazikitsidwa ku Msonkhano wa Northern Ireland . Mosiyana ndi malamulo a boma kumene gulu lalikulu koposa limapanga boma, pangano likufuna kuti mamembala onse aŵiri a bungwe la maukwati ndi aunyinji a dziko aimiridwe m’komiti ya akuluakulu. Nduna yoyamba ndi mtsogoleri woyamba amasankhidwa ndi msonkhano, limodzi ndi chitaganya chilichonse. Dongosolo limeneli [1] Nthaŵi zambiri limatchedwa “chigwirizano cha boma chachikulu koposa, limaletsa gulu limodzi lililonse kuyang'anira ena, motero limateteza ufulu waung'ono.

Mphamvu zosamalira maluso a nyumba zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana ndi kulinganiza: zosankha zazikulu zimafuna chichirikizo cha pakati pa 2017 ndi 2020 pa matchulidwe onse aŵiri kapena ochuluka olemera , ndipo kuchonderera kwa njira yodera nkhaŵa kumalola anthu ochepa kusinthira pa nkhani zina zamphamvu. Zotetezera zimenezi zasulizidwa chifukwa cha kutheketsa marock (monga momwe zimawonedwa m'kugwa kwa ulamuliro pakati pa 2017 ndi 2020 pa kutsutsana ponena za ufulu wa chinenero ndi ukwati umodzi wauchikulire), koma zinalinganizidwa kutsimikizira chitaganya chirichonse kuti panganolo silidzagwiritsiridwa ntchito pa izo. Chifukwa cha omanga mtendere kwina, phunziro ndilo kuti mphamvu zofunikira kudziŵikizidwa mosamalitsa ku mantha ndi kuseŵera pa kuwopa ndi kuseŵera, pamene kulimba kwabwino kungathetsenso kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana kwa ndale.

Chichirikizo ndi Chichirikizo cha Padziko Lonse

Popanda kutomerana kwa oseŵera opitirizabe, Mapangano Abwino a Lachisanu sakanasainidwa. Mgwirizano Wapadera wa United States George Mitchell kaŵirikaŵiri umagogomezeredwa: kuleza mtima kwake, kuwona mtima kwachibadwa, ndi kukhoza kukhazikitsa malire (monga ngati “Mitchell Principles” ndi“ nkhani za kulimba mtima”) kuthandizira kusonkhezera mapwando obwerezabwereza. Pasiteji ina, Mitchell motchuka anauza maguluwo kuti, “Ngati mukufuna mtendere, udzafunikira kupanga ntchito. Ngati simutero, ndiye kuti mupite kunyumba.

Chichirikizo cha mayiko chinaperekanso zinthu zina. Boma la United States linadziŵikitsa chithandizo chenicheni chachuma cha Northern Ireland pansi pa International Fund ya Ireland, yomwe inathandiza pa zandalama zopitira kudutsa ndi kukonza ntchito. Mabungwe a European Union awonjezera kuchirikiza njira zoyanjanitsira. Oonerera a mitundu yonse anayang'anira kuchotsedwa kwa zida ndi kusintha kwa ntchito. Phunziro la madongosolo a mtendere amtsogolo nlomveka bwino: [ Magulu atatu osaloŵerera angapereke malo odalirika kaamba ka kukambirana, amapereka ndalama za kukonzanso kowonjezera mapangano, ndi kusonkhezera mautumiki a nkhani . Komabe, kuloŵerera kwa mayiko onse kuyenera kupemphedwa ndi magulu a anthu ndipo ayenera kulemekeza kukhala eni malo akwawo.

Kuleka Ntchito ndi Mbali ya Kutsimikizira

Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu Agreement sichinathetse nkhani ya zida zankhondo, zimene zinakhalabe chimodzi cha mbali zake za mkangano. Alpabuliki, makamaka IRA, anali ozengereza kupereka zida popanda chitsimikizo chakuti magulu ankhondo a Briteni adzachotsa zida panthaŵi imodzi. Magulu a okhulupirika anaumiriranso kuchepetsa ufulu. Chipanganocho chinangodzipereka kwa magulu ankhondo “kugwiritsira ntchito chisonkhezero chilichonse chimene angakhale nacho kuti apeze mphamvu zotha kuyambitsa nkhondo m’zaka ziŵiri.

Pomalizira pake, ntchito yoletsa nkhondo inayamba pang'onopang’ono ndipo movutikira kwambiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti bungwe la Independent International Commission on Decoming (ICD), lokhala ndi mkulu wa asilikali John de Chastein, anayang'anira kuwonongedwa kwa zida m'zochitika zachinsinsi, zotsimikizira. Chochitika chomaliza chinachitika mu 2005, pamene IRA inaika zida zake zonse zosatha kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Pamene ntchitoyo inagwira ntchito chifukwa chakuti inali , recical, justicee, ndi yogwirizana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ndale. Mapangano a mtendere a mtsogolo ayenera kuphatikizapo, makonzedwe oonekera bwino a nthaŵi ndi makompyuta odzitetezera, koma amalolanso kuwongolera ndi kulimbitsa.

Kusintha kwa Apolisi ndi Ulamuliro wa Chilamulo

Mavuto anayambitsidwa mwa kufalikira kwa kusadalirana kwa Royal Ulster Consabulary (RUC), kumene kunali kwachiprotestanti mokulira ndi kuonedwa ndi aunyinji kukhala kokondera. Good Wearday Advement inalamula kulephera kwa apolisi. Patten Report (1999) inatsogolera kupangidwa kwa ntchito ya Police Service ya Northern Ireland (PSNI), ndi dzina latsopano, beji latsopano, zojomba zoikidwa ndi ziganizo zoikidwa ndi mapangano, ndi njira ya ufulu wa anthu. Katolika kagulu kagulu ka . Kapolo wa polisi anakwera kuchokera pa 8% mu 1990 kufika pa 32% mu 2020. Apolisi anakhazikitsanso Boma la Politiki ndi oimira andale ndi oimira andale, ndi oimira a chitaganya, ndi olambitsa a a a a pulodia kuti afufuze.

Key ya kubwera: Kusintha kwa mbali yachitetezo sikuli kuganiziridwa pambuyo; kuyenera kukhala maziko a pangano lamtendere lirilonse. Midzi imene yasankhidwa ndi magulu a boma idzafunikira masinthidwe aakulu ku mabungwe, antchito, ndi chikhalidwe. Independent, kulembedwa kowonekera, ndi zitsanzo za apolisi za chitaganya zingathandize kuyambitsanso kukhulupirirana. Chochitika cha Northern Ireland chimasonyezanso kuti kusintha kwapang'onong'ono (kunga ngati kusintha kwa dzina la kudziko) nkofunika [1] Kusintha kwenikweni kwa nyumba .

Kulimbana ndi Nkhani Zakale ndi Zovuta za Anthu Ovutika

Good Lachisanu Agreement inavomereza kuvutika kwa mikhole ndi opulumuka, koma sinapange kukonzanso kokwanira kapena njira yoyanjanitsira. Pambuyo pake kukhazikitsa njira yogwirizana ya choloŵa kupyolera mwa Thommont House Advement (2014 inazengereza ndi kusagwirizana kwa ndale ndi zitokoso za lamulo. Mpata umenewu wasiya mabanja ambiri popanda chilungamo kapena kutsekedwa, ndipo wakhala gwero losalekeza la mavuto. Kusoŵa kwa njira ya choonadi yolimba kwalola nkhani zopikisana za nkhondoyo kukhala zopanda chothetsera, zimene zimalepheretsa kuyanjanitsa kwanthaŵi yaitali.

Pa zochita za mtendere zamtsogolo, phunziro nlakuti kuchita ndi zakale sikungaikidwe pa nthaŵi yosatha. Pamene kuli kwakuti kufunsira kungakhale kofunika [1] Kuika ntchito yowona pamalo ena pambuyo pake mmalo mwa nthaŵi ya kukambirana kwa mtendere kosalimba, masomphenya a mmene angayankhire kukhululukira, kuweruza, ndi kukumbutsa kuyenera kupangidwa mwamsanga. Malamulo onga ngati ntchito zowona, mabwalo a mikhoti, ndi makope a mbiri yakale angagwiritsirize mapangano andale, koma amafuna chichirikizo chachikulu, chithandizo chokwanira, ndi ndale zadziko kuti zipambane.

Mavuto ndi Zolephera za Panganolo

Chipangano Chabwino pa Lachisanu si njira yamatsenga, koma chayang’anizana ndi mavuto aakulu amene omanga mtendere ayenera kuphunzira pamodzi ndi chipambano chake.

Kusinthanso Kulephera kwa Ndale

Mabungwe a mphamvu zothandizira agwa kambirimbiri. Kulephera kumeneku kunalekezedwa pakati pa 2002 ndi 2007 chifukwa cha kutsutsa IRA nkhazi ndi kuchotsa mikangano. Kunagwanso kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2020 chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa Heat Incentives ndi kusagwirizana kwa ufulu wa zinenero (Irish ndi Ulster-Scots). Kulephera kumeneku kukusonyeza kuti [[FLD: 0] madongosolo a chivomezi angakhoze kukhala ofooka [[ pa nkhani za ukwati womakula bwino] pamene magulu aakulu osoŵa chikhulupiriro kapena oletsedwa ndi magulu olimbirana dala pakati pa ). Kudandaula kwa ntchito ya 2016 kwapezedwanso kuti kugwiritsiridwa ntchito nthaŵi 100 m'malamulo, kaŵirikaŵiri kuletsa malamulo ogwirizana ndi kuchotsa mimba, kumene kunachitika ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo la lamulo lovomerezeka, pomalizira pake kulimbikitsa kuletsa kuletsa kusokoneza mtendere, ndipo kuletsa kuletsa kusokoneza chigamu.

Kugaŵanika kwa Chikhalidwe Chonse

Pazaka zoposa makumi aŵiri pa , Northern Ireland idakali yopatuka kwambiri. Pafupifupi 90% ya nyumba za anthu onse imagaŵikana m'madera a anthu (kaŵirikaŵiri zopatulidwa ndi “makoma a mtendere”), ndipo oposa 90% a ana amaloŵa m’masukulu osiyana kwambiri. Chipanganocho sichinathe mwachindunji kugwirizanitsa magaŵano a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe omwe amachirikiza magaŵano, kuchotsapo malamulo oyendera limodzi ndi ndalama zoyendera modzi. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiwawa chatsika kwambiri, [[FLT: 0] coshesion siion yachigawano ya zandale zadziko. Mapangano a mtendere a mtsogolo ayenera kuphatikizana kwambiri m'maphunziro, nyumba zogwirizana, ndi kugwirizana kwa opatutsana ndi kukhazikitsa kwa nthaŵi zoyambirira, kuzindikira kuti kukhazikitsa mtendere ndi ntchito ya mbadwo.

Chiwawa cha Asilikali ndi Ntchito Yankhondo

Magulu aakulu ankhondo (IRA, UVF, UDA) achotsa ndi kuleka ntchito zazikulu, koma magulu otsutsa a republic (monga ngati New IRA ndi Continnuity IRA) akupitirizabe kuchita ziukiro. Magulu ankhondo okhulupirika adakalinso okangalika m'upandu wolinganizidwa ndi chiwawa chapanthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Olamulira ameneŵa akhalabe chitokoso, makamaka monga mmene kuchirikiza anthu otsutsa koma osatha. Phunziro nlakuti [[FLT: 0] kutsutsa sikumachotsa kugaŵana kofanana ndi kulakwa kwa kagulu kaupandu, ndipo ena angaloŵetsere m'maupandu. Mapangano a mtendere amafunikira kulankhula zachuma ndi kukhazikitsanso ufulu wa anthu, kukhazikitsa lamulo, ndi kusungitsatsana malamulo.

Funso la Brexit ndi la M’malire Opanda Malo

Mwinamwake chitokoso chachikulu kwambiri ku Chigwirizano Chabwino cha Lachisanu chinachokera ku chitukuko chimene palibe amene anaoneratu mu 1998: Chigamulo cha United Kingdom cha kuchoka ku European Union . Pangano la Pangano la Northern Ireland (tsopano Windsor Framewor) linapanga malire a malonda m'nyanja ya Ireland, osokoneza maukwati amene anaona kuti akufooketsa mgwirizano wa malamulo ndi Great Britain. Mapangano amtsogolo ayenera kuima pamalo okhazikika a dziko lonse ndi [FLD:] kuyang'anirana ndi gulu la Democratic Party kuchokera 2022 mpaka kuchiyambiyambiyambi kwa 2024. Mgwirizano wa ku chigwirizano choyambirira cha chikhoza kutsekerezedwa ndi kutetezera kwamphamvu. Koma programme ndi kuthandizira kwa productive.

Zovuta za Kumanga Mtendere Mtsogolo

Monga momwe nkhondo za ku Colombia, Syria, Myanmar, Ethiopia, Ukraine, ndi kwina kulikonse zimapangira mtendere wovuta, zotsatirazi zikuonekera.

Khalani ndi Nkhani Zofunika Kukambitsirana Kuyambira pa Chiyambi

Ku Northern Ireland, kusamvana kunatanthauza kubweretsa ochirikiza dziko ndi okhulupirika m'nkhani zalamulo mosasamala kanthu za kukayikira kwakukulu. Ku Colombia, njira yamtendere ndi FARC mofananamo inafuna kuti tilowetse gulu la zigaŵenga lochitapo zankhanza. Ku Syria ndi Myanmar, mtendere uliwonse watanthauzo udzaphatikizapo oseŵera osakhala a boma. Kulimbana ndi mikhalidwe (matope, mapangano a ufulu wa anthu), koma magulu a zida kaŵirikaŵiri amawonjezera nkhondo. Uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti chitsanzo cha Mitchell Primes , chopanda chigamu, ndi kuchotsa ufulu wa anthu, zinsinsinsi zina, monga Octalss Revoluns ndi ma Colombia.

Kuthandiza Maboma Kuti Azigwira Ntchito Zamphamvu

Mabungwe ogwirizana akhazikitsa Northern Ireland komanso apanganso malo ozungulira. Zitsanzo zina, monga Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, zachititsa kupuwala kwakuya. Otsogolera mtendere ayenera kulingalira mafanizo osinthasintha kapena zifaniziro zopangidwa ndi mapangano a kuloŵa kwa dzuŵa, zosinthasintha ndi ziganizo za nduna zazikulu zaudindo, kapena mipando yosungidwa ya anthu ochepa popanda malamulo onse. Makampani a mtendere ayenera kuyesa kuchotsapo mabooti a mabwana opatulapo maaudindo, monga ngati kugwirizanitsa kwa bungwe lopanda tsankho kapena masankho, zingaletsetule kuletsa kuima kotheratu. Mfungulo ya kutetezera kochepa ndi kulamulira kwa mtendere uliwonse kuyenera kuyendetsa.

Mayiko Ena Oona za Umoyo ndi Chichirikizo cha M’deralo

U.S.-UK-Ireland-Exus anapereka zaulaliki, ndalama, ndi uyang'aniro. Njira za mtendere zamtsogolo ziyenera kumanga [[FLT: 0]] zigwirizano za anthu akunja ochirikiza , kuphatikizapo magulu achigawo (m., ASTEAN , ASTEAN), United Nations kudzera m'Dipatimenti ya Mtendere wothandiza kapena Komiti Yamtendere, ndi mayiko amphamvu. Komabe, n’kofunika kwambiri kupeŵa kudalira munthu wopereka kapena kuthandizirana ndi wina. Nkhani ya ku Northern Ireland ikhoza kupindula ndi U. Kupezeka kukhala kwauchetechete, pamene UK ndi Ireland anaphatikizidwa mwachindunji m'magaŵano, ndi mayiko ena (kugwirizana ndi mayiko ena). Komabe, ikhoza kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kugwirizana kwa mayiko akutali ndi kutsutsana kwa mayiko akutali.

Chisungiko Chosamalitsa, Chiweruzo, ndi Chitukuko

Chimodzi cha zitsimikizo za panganolo chinali kugwirizanitsa magulu andale zadziko ndi kusintha kwa apolisi, kuchotsa, ndi kulinganiza. Mtendere wamtsogolo uyenera kukhala wokwanira, kugwirizanitsa kutha kwa moto ndi kuchotsa zida, kululuzika, ndi kukhazikitsanso maprogramu a zachitetezo, kusintha kwa gulu la otetezera (SR), ndi malamulo. Kusintha kwa lamulo kulinso ndi malire a kulongosola nkhani iliyonse panthaŵi imodzi kukhoza kugonjetsa njira. Kugwirizana koyambirira kungasumikidwa pa kuletsa chiwawa ndi kukhazikitsa madongosolo aakulu a kulamulira, pamene kusintha kwakukulu kumakhala pambuyo pake. Chikalata cha Good Lachisanu Agreement icho chokha chinazengereza tsatanetsatane, kukhulupirira ulamuliro watsopano kuti uwakhutiritse. Kusintha kumeneku kunali mphamvu ndi magwero a pambuyo pake. Kusinthaku kukhoza kugonjetsa.

Kulimbikitsa Kugwirizana ndi Anthu Ogwirizana ndi Ndale

Kulephera kwa mabwalo a nyumba zogaŵikana ku Northern Ireland kumapereka lingaliro lakuti mapangano a mtendere ayenera kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera, njira zoyendetsera anthu pamene akunyalanyaza ntchito ya kuyanjanitsa. Maphunziro opitira kutsogolo, maphunziro ogaŵana, malo a anthu, ndiponso nkhani za mbiri yakale zotchuka zimafuna kusungitsa ndalama ndi utsogoleri wandale. Makonzedwe ambiri a mtendere amathamangira kusandutsa ndi kukhazikitsa pamene akunyalanyaza ntchito yakuyanjanitsa. Colombian comnence, mwachitsanzo, imaphatikizapo masinthidwe ambiri a m'midzi otanthauza kuti nkhondo ya ku Northern Ireland sinachite bwino. Anthu a mtendere angatengere kuchokera ku zokumana nazo za ku South Africa ndi ku Rhaviano ndi ku Rwanda, ngakhale kuti akugwirizana nawo.

Kuganiza za Nsalu Zapanja ndi Zoopsa

Brexit anavumbula kuthekera kwa Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu ku kusintha kwa zachuma ndi ndale zadziko. Njira za mtendere sizimasinthasintha; ziyenera kuphatikizapo madongosolo a kuyang'anira amene angavomereze kusintha kwa mikhalidwe . Kusintha kwa nkhondo za malonda, kusamuka, miliri, kapena kusintha kwa dziko lapansi. Opaanti amalola kuti pa nthawi ndi nthaŵi, kutsutsana ndi magulu atatu, ndi kuyang'anira pamodzi kwa mphamvu zoyendera limodzi za chuma (monga mizera kapena madzi) kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Ndiponso, kugwirizanako kuyenera “kuloŵetsedwa . Kukhazikika kwa chigawo, kutsimikizira kuti kugwirizana ndi chisungiko kwa chuma ndi chisungiko kuchirikiza mtendere.

Kumaliza

Good Lachisanu Agreement idakali chinthu chopambana m'kukhazikitsa mtendere, kusonyeza kuti ngakhale mikangano yosatha kwambiri ingapereke malongosoledwe oleza mtima, makonzedwe a kakonzedwe ka zinthu, ndi kuchirikiza kochirikizidwa kwa maiko. Ziphunzitso zake zazikulu . Zikukambitsirana zogwirizana, kuyang'anira kwamphamvu, kuyang'anira kwaumwini, ndi kusintha kokwanira. Komabe kulephera kwa chipanganocho kumakhalanso chenjezo: Midzi yandale yokha singathe kuchiritsa mabala aumoyo, ndipo chipambano chimafuna kuzoloŵera, makamaka poyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwa zochitika za sayansi.

Pamene omanga mtendere akuyang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ameneŵa ku nkhondo ku Middle East, Balkan, Subran Africa, kapena madera a pambuyo pa Soviet, ayenera kutero modzichepetsa. Nkhondo iliyonse njosiyana; njira ya Northern Ireland siikhala yothandiza kwambiri. Koma mfundo za makhalidwe a kulemekeza, kutsimikizira kufanana, kudalirana, ndi kugwirizana ndi mapangano kungagwirizanitsidwe bwino ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Mtsogolomu wa mtendere sudalira kukopa Chipangano Chabwino Lachisanu koma kuzindikira chifukwa chake ndi mmene chinagwirira ntchito yake. Mwakuphatikiza mfundozo ndi njira zatsopano, chitaganya chapadziko lonse chikhoza kuchirikiza ntchito yovuta, yosautsa moto kuimabe kwa mtendere.