Anthu a m’chipinda cha chipinda cha magetsi ndi m’chipinda chochezera, amachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo komanso ulamuliro wawo. Kuchokera ku malo amene timagona mpaka kuchipinda chogona, mphamvu zimenezi zikhale zomveka, amene amakhazikitsa malamulo, ndiponso mmene zinthu zimaperekedwera. Kumvetsa mawu amenewa kungatithandize kudziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m’malo athu okhala, kaya akhale aubwenzi kapena aluso. Komabe, ngakhale kuti anthu amakhalapo tsiku ndi tsiku, mphamvu ndi ulamuliro wawo zimaonedwa molakwika, kapena kuopa. Nkhaniyi imasokoneza zimene akutanthauzadi, mmene amagwirira ntchito m’malo osiyanasiyana, ndiponso chifukwa chake mfundo zimenezi n’zofunika kuti anthu azitsogolera bwino, azikhala bwino, amagwirizana bwino, ndiponso asinthe chikhalidwe.

Kutchula Mphamvu ndi Ulamuliro

Mphamvu ndi ulamuliro zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri mofanana, koma ziri ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana. mphamvu imasonya ku kukhoza kusonkhezera kapena kulamulira khalidwe la anthu ndi zotsatirapo — ndi kukhoza kuchitidwa zinthu, ngakhale kutsutsidwa. Kulimba mtima , kumbali ina, ndiko kuyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Ulamuliro ndi mphamvu yoyenerera imene ena amalandira monga yoyenerera ndi yolungamitsidwa. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku nkofunika m’kumvetsetsa mmene amachitira m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Afilosofi ndi asayansi a chikhalidwe cha anthu akhala akutsutsana kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi mawu ameneŵa. Max Weber, munthu woyambitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu, analongosola mphamvu kuti “kuthekera kwakuti munthu wochita maluso a anthu adzakhala wokhoza kuchita chifuniro chake mosasamala kanthu za kukana. [1] Mosiyana, ulamuliro (amene amatchedwa kuti“ ulamuliro”) umakhalapo pamene malamulo amamvera modzifunira chifukwa chakuti wogonjerayo amakhulupirira kuti wolamulira ali ndi ufulu woyenera kulamula. Akatswiri amakono onga Steven Lukas ayambitsa mbali zitatu za mphamvu: mphamvu yopanga zosankha, maprogramu, ndi mphamvu (kukhoza kuumba zimene anthu akufuna). Ulamuliro, ukutchulidwa kwambiri kukhala mitundu itatu yabwino: mwambo, kuchiritsa, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu mwalamulo — dongosolo limene lidakali lopindulitsa kwambiri lerolino.

Mmene Mphamvu Zilili

Mphamvu si chinthu chimodzi; imafunikira mitundu yambiri mogwirizana ndi chuma chimene chilipo ndi maunansi pakati pa anthu. John Franch ndi Bertram Raven, akatswiri a zamakhalidwe a anthu, motchuka anatulukira maziko asanu a mphamvu zimene zidakali maziko a maphunziro a makhalidwe a gulu:

Mphamvu Yotha Kudya

Mtundu wa mphamvu imeneyi umadalira pa kukakamiza kapena kuwopseza kuti atsimikizire kuti atsatira. Kuntchito, manijala amene angawombere, kugwetsa, kapena kulanga wolembedwa ntchito amene amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zogwirira ntchito. Pamene kuli kwakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza kwachidule, kumangochititsa kuipidwa, kuchepetsa chidaliro, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsogolera ku kutsutsa kapena kubwerera. Mphamvu ya kuyang’anira imawonekera kwambiri m'maulamuliro ankhanza, maulamuliro apolisi, kapena maunansi auchiŵere.

Mphoto ya Mphamvu

Izi n’zogwirizana ndi luso lopatsa ena mphoto kapena phindu. Mabomba, kukwezedwa, kutamandidwa, kutchuka, ndi ntchito zabwino zonsezo zimayamba kukhala ndi mphamvu. Zimakhala zokoma kuposa mphamvu yothandiza chifukwa zimalimbikitsa. Komabe, mphamvu ingabweretse mphoto ngati ayembekezeredwa kapena ngati apatsidwa mopanda chilungamo, kuchititsa anthu kuganiza kuti ndi atsankho.

Mphamvu Yalamulo

Mphamvu imeneyi imachokera ku malo kapena ntchito yapadera m'gulu kapena m’chitaganya. Woweruza, wapolisi, CEO, kapena kholo aliyense ali ndi mphamvu zoyenerera chifukwa cha ntchito yake. Anthu amamvera osati chifukwa choopa chilango (ngakhale kuti chilipo) koma chifukwa chakuti amalandira kuyenera kwa mwini ntchitoyo. Mphamvu ya malamulo ndi mlatho pakati pa mphamvu zosalimba ndi ulamuliro — ndi mphamvu imene yavomerezedwa ndi anthu.

Mphamvu ya Akatswiri

Mtundu wa mphamvu imeneyi umachokera ku kukhala ndi chidziŵitso chapadera, maluso, kapena chidziŵitso chimene anthu ena amafunikira. Injiniya waluso, dokotala, kapena katswiri wa zaumoyo angasonkhezere zosankha chifukwa chakuti amadalira. Mosiyana ndi luso lawo lovomerezeka, mphamvu yaluso imapezedwa mwa kutsimikizira kukhala yaluso ndipo ingatayike ngati chidziŵitso chikhala chachikale kapena ngati chidaliro chatha. Makampani ozikidwa pa chidziŵitso, mphamvu kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsutsana ndi ulamuliro walamulo.

Mphamvu Yopatsa

Mphamvu imeneyi imachokera ku mikhalidwe yaumwini, kukopa, ndi ulemu kapena kukhumbira ena kwa munthu. atsogoleri otchuka, anthu otchuka, ndi alangizi okondedwa amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo. Anthu amawatsatira chifukwa chakuti amafuna kukhala ngati iwo kapena chifukwa chakuti amamva kukhala ogwirizana. Mphamvu yopatulikitsa ndiyo yosatheka koma ingakhale yolimba koposa, monga momwe imayambira kukhulupirika kwenikweni mmalo mwa kuigulitsa.

Atsogoleri ogwira mtima amenewa nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mphamvu zomveka ndi zodalirika n’cholinga choti apange mphamvu zimene zili zolemekezeka ndiponso zodalirika.

Kumvetsa Ulamuliro

Ulamuliro ndi chilolezo cha kakhalidwe cha anthu cha kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro. N’ngozikidwa pa kuyenera kwa munthu, chigwirizano, kapena ulamuliro wolungamitsidwa.

Ulamuliro wa Chikhalidwe

Mtundu umenewu wazikidwa pa miyambo yokhazikitsidwa, miyambo, ndi machitachita a nthaŵi yaitali. Ndi ulamuliro wa mfumu imene imaloŵa ufumu, mfumu ya fuko, kapena munthu wachipembedzo amene malo ake akuyeretsedwa ndi mbiri yakale. Anthu amamvera chifukwa “nthaŵi zonse wakhala choncho. Ulemu wamwambo ngwofala m'madera amakono koma ukupitirizabe lerolino m'mabungwe oloŵa, mabizinesi ogwirizana ndi banja, ndi zipembedzo zina. Kulephera kwake n’kwakuti iwo angaletse kusintha kofunikira ndipo angaumire pansi pa zinthu zatsopano.

Ulamuliro wa Ochita Chidwi

Ulamuliro umenewu umachokera pa chikoka cha munthu payekha, mikhalidwe yapadera, ndi luso la kusonkhezera kudzipereka. Atsogoleri achifundo — monga Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, kapena Steve Jobs — amakopa otsatira chifukwa chakuti amatchula masomphenya okakamiza ndi makhalidwe amene anthu amakhumbira. Ulamuliro wa opareshoni kaŵirikaŵiri umasinthasintha; ungapatutse malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi kulimbikitsa anthu. Komabe, n’ngosakhazikika chifukwa chakuti amaugwirizanitsa. Mtsogoleriyo akafa kapena atataya auziya, ulamuliro ungasungunuke pokhapo ngati “ukhoza kulowa m'dongosolo lokhazikika lalamulo.

Ulamuliro wa Malamulo

Mtundu umenewu wa ulamuliro umachokera ku dongosolo la malamulo, malamulo, ndi njira zimene zimagwiritsiridwa ntchito mwaumbuli. Ndi ulamuliro wa pulezidenti wosankhidwa ndi lamulo, woweruza wotsatira lamulo, kapena wolamulira wotsatira lamulo la gulu. M'mademocracy ndi makampani aakulu amakono, ulamuliro walamulo ndiwo mtundu waukulu. Imatsimikizira kuneneratu, kuŵerengera mlandu, ndi kupita patsogolo koyenerera. Komabe, ingakhale yopanda umunthu, yopanda pake, yosagwirizana ndi mfundo za gulu la gulu. Imachititsa kugwiritsidwa mwala mokwiya ndi awo amene akuganiza kuti atseke m'kape wofiira.

Mitundu itatu imeneyi ingagwirizanitse. Mwachitsanzo, meya angakhale ndi ulamuliro walamulo wa kusankhidwa, komanso wodalira pa ulamuliro wa mphamvu ya mphamvu ngati ali wolankhula wamphamvu, ndi pa ulamuliro wamwambo ngati banja lawo liri ndi mbiri yaitali m’ndale zadziko. Kuzindikira mtundu wa ulamuliro umene ukugwiritsiridwa ntchito kumatithandiza ife kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake anthu amamvera ndi mmene ulamuliro ungatsutsidwire moyenerera.

Kusiyana kwa Ulamuliro ndi Ulamuliro

Mphamvu ndi ulamuliro kaŵirikaŵiri zimagawana, kusonkhezera mmene anthu ndi magulu amagwirira ntchito m’chitaganya. Ulamuliro umapereka maziko a mmene mphamvu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, pamene ulamuliro ungachirikize kapena kutsutsa malo a ulamuliro omwe alipo. M’gulu lokhazikika, ulamuliro (monga mutu wa manijala) umapatsa mphamvu zopereka zinthu. Koma wantchito wopanda ulamuliro (monga woyang’anira zinthu) angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu yaluso imene imasonkhezera bwino lomwe zosankha — nthaŵi zina kuchirikiza zofuna za bwanayo. Zimenezi zimapanga chipsinjo chachinyengo: munthu wokhala ndi ulamuliro walamulo angakhale wopanda mphamvu (mphamvu yokhoza kuyendetsa zinthu) kapena kudalira (mphamvu yosadalirika) kutsogolera, pamene kuli kwakuti woyang’anirayo akugwira ntchito mphamvu yeniyeni popanda ulamuliro wa boma.

Talingalirani chochitika cha “chinjoka cha fano” — antchito ozoloŵera amene, mosasamala kanthu za kupanda ulamuliro walamulo, ali ndi mphamvu zamwaŵi zambiri chifukwa cha chidziŵitso chawo ndi maunansi. Mabungwe ogwira mtima amazindikira zimenezi ndi kuwapatsa ulamuliro wa kuchirikiza mphamvu yogwirizana ndi thayo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, pamene ulamuliro walamulo ugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuphimba ukatswiri wotsimikizirika, gulu limavutika ndi zosankha zopanda pake ndi luso lolefula.

M'ndale, kupikisana kwa makampani kuli kodabwitsa kwambiri. Boma lingakhale ndi ulamuliro walamulo (wosankhidwa mwa masankho achilungamo) koma limataya mphamvu ngati nzika sizikuilingaliranso kukhala yoyenerera — chifukwa cha ziphuphu, kusakwaniritsa, kapena kulephera kutetezera ufulu wa anthu. Magulu a kakhalidwe monga Civil Rights Movement kapena Arabia Spring anasonyeza mmene mphamvu yokopa ndi yofuna kuimira anthu ingatsutse ndi kusintha ulamuliro wa dongosolo. Mphamvu yopanda ulamuliro ili yankhanza; ulamuliro wopanda mphamvu ndi mwambo wopanda pake.

Mphamvu ndi Ulamuliro m’Moyo Watsiku ndi Tsiku

Pochita zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku, timakumana ndi mphamvu ndi ulamuliro m’njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nthaŵi zambiri sitinazindikire kuti zimenezi ndizo zina mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zimene timakumana nazo:

Kuntchito

Oyang'anira ndi oyang’anira amathandizana ndi anthu athanzi, koma antchito angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo mwa ukatswiri, mayanjano, kapena mwa ntchito zamakono monga kuimira bungwe. Kusintha kwamakono kwa maulamuliro apamwamba ndi magulu oyendetsa zinthu kumasonyeza kuzindikira kuti ulamuliro wochuluka kwambiri ungaletse kusintha zinthu. Kumvetsa mphamvu zamphamvu pamisonkhano, kupenda zochita, ndi ntchito za maprojekiti kumathandiza anthu kuyendetsa ndale za makampani ndi kudzichirikiza okha. Mwachitsanzo, wantchito wamng'ono amene amamanga mphamvu mwa kukhala wokhulupirika ndi wochirikiza angayambukire zosankha ngakhale pamene alephera.

M’maphunziro

Aphunzitsi ali ndi ulamuliro m’kalasi — koma kaŵirikaŵiri kupambana kwawo kumadalira pa mphamvu yodziŵika (kukhala olemekezedwa ndi okondedwa) ndi mphamvu yaluso (chidziŵitso chakuya cha nkhaniyo). Ophunzira sali opanda mphamvu kotheratu; iwo angasonkhezere mwambo wa m’kalasi kupyolera mwa kutengamo mbali, kuvomereza kwa ausinkhu wawo, kapena ngakhale kutsatizana kwa magulu a ophunzira.

M’banja Mumakhala Zinthu Zochuluka

Makolo ali ndi ulamuliro wamwambo ndi walamulo pa ana awo, koma mphamvu zimasintha pamene ana akukula. Achinyamata amagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri kulankhulana, kuchotsa malingaliro, kapena kumanga pamodzi ndi ena a m’banja kuti apeze chisonkhezero. Mabanja abwino kaŵirikaŵiri amasintha kuchoka ku ulamuliro wa athority kupita ku malingana, kumene ulamuliro umadalira pa kulemekezana ndi kulingalirana osati pa msinkhu wokha. Kumvetsa mphamvu ndi ulamuliro kungathandize makolo kupeŵa mphamvu yogwirizana imene imayambitsa chipanduko ndipo mmalo mwake kukulitsa ulamuliro woyenera mwa kugwirizana ndi chifundo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Intaneti ndi Kuonera Nkhani pa Intaneti

Intaneti yakhala ndi mphamvu za democracy m’njira zosadziŵika. Wachinyamata wa mbiri ya Tik Tok angakhale ndi mphamvu zambiri pa zochitika zamalonda kuposa mkulu wamalonda. Mapulatifomu a zaumoyo wa anthu amatheketsa ogwiritsira ntchito makampani kutsutsa ulamuliro — kuvumbula kusatsata kwa makampani, kusadziletsa kwa apolisi, kapena ziphuphu za ndale zandale kudzera m'zolemba la olemba ntchito. Koma zimenezi zimayambitsanso kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu zatsopano: maajensitalmenti amapereka mphamvu zazikulu za papulatifomu zokhazikitsa malamulo, ndipo nkhani zoulutsa zida zingapereke mphamvu zofalitsa mavuto. Underezo pa Intaneti umatanthauza kuzindikira amene alidi katswiri, amene ali ndi mphamvu ya kuyendetsa malingaliro a zachipambano.

Mavuto kwa Olamulira

Ulamuliro wa anthu, mabungwe, ndiponso kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga, sizisintha.

Kugwirizana ndi Anthu

Magulu ochirikiza kusintha angasokoneze ulamuliro wa makolo. Gulu la # MeToo linatsutsa ulamuliro wa mabishopu pantchito; bungwe la Black Live Intoing linatsutsa ulamuliro wa apolisi. Magulu ameneŵa amapambana mwa kupanga magwero ena a mphamvu — kudziŵika kwa onse, kuvomerezedwa kwa makhalidwe abwino, ndi chisonkhezero cha oulutsa nkhani — ndi mwa kuvumbula mpata pakati pa anthu odzitcha kukhala ndi ulamuliro (m’b., kusungitsa lamulo lotumikira nzika zonse) ndi khalidwe lenileni.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Luso la Zaluso

Kubuka kwa manyuzi a za mayanjano kwapatsa anthu mphamvu za kukayikira ndi kutsutsa ulamuliro m'nthaŵi yeniyeni. Anthu osunga malamulo a zachuma; pa Intaneti amatsutsa ogulitsa malonda ndi kutulutsa ulamuliro; Wikipedia kutsutsa mphamvu ya democlopedi. Pamene kuli kwakuti kukhazikitsa democracy kumeneku kuli kopindulitsa m’njira zambiri, kumathetsanso kukhulupirira kwa akuluakulu a mwambo (monga sayansi ndi nyuzipepala) pamene nkhani zosokonekera. Chotulukapo nchotsutsana: tili ndi chidziŵitso chochuluka koma chomveka bwino ponena za amene tingakhulupirire.

Kusintha kwa Mbadwo

Mibadwo ya achichepere kaŵirikaŵiri imatsutsa malamulo ndi maulamuliro. Zaka chikwi ndi Gen Z siziri zothekera kulandira ulamuliro wozikidwa pa udindo wa ntchito kapena ukulu; zimafuna kuwonekera, chifuno, ndi kuwona. Zimenezi zakakamiza magulu kulingaliranso za atsogoleri — kuyambira pa lamulo ndi kulamulira kutsogolera ndi kugwirizana. Kulimbana pakati pa ulamuliro wamwambo (ml., “chifukwa ndinanena tero” ndi chikhumbo cha kupanga zosankha zapadera iri nkhani yaikulu m'mantchito amakono, masukulu, ngakhalenso maboma.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Molakwa ndi Chitetezo

Kulikonse kumene kuli ulamuliro, pali kuthekera kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Mphamvu ya kudalirana ingakhale kupezerera; mphamvu yopereka mphotho ingakhale chiphuphu; mphamvu yoyenerera ingaloŵe m'kulamulira kopambanitsa; mphamvu yaluso ingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kudyera masuku pamutu; mphamvu yopereka ingagwere m’kulamulira konga kagulu. Mbiri njodzala zitsanzo — kuyambira ku kutsendereza kwa kampani kufikira ku kutsendereza kwa ndale zadziko — kumene anthu kapena zigwirizano zina anagwiritsira ntchito malo awo kuvulaza ena.

Kuteteza kuti musavutitsidwe ndi nkhanza kumaphatikizapo macheke ndi malingana (kugaŵa mphamvu mkati mwa gulu), kulolerana [ (kupanga zosankha zooneka ndi zopendedwa), [[FLT]] maluso a kuŵerengera [maluso] [[[FLT]]] [malamulo oyendera malo, mapulogalamu, masankho, ndi miyambo yoona makhalidwe abwino . Mkhalidwe waumwini, ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo a zapando. Monga momwe mabungwe amachitira ulamuliro wa anthu, anthu odziikirapo mlandu, ndi kugawa kwaufulu, [maungwe otchuka, ndi magulu aubwino kwambiri. — Democracyricracy.

Kuzindikira Mphamvu ndi Ulamuliro N’kofunika

Kuzindikira mmene mphamvu ndi ulamuliro zimagwirira ntchito n’kofunika kwambiri kuti tilimbitse ubwenzi wabwino ndi kulankhulana kogwira mtima.

  • Chigamulo Chabwinopo Chakulimbana: Kumvetsetsa magwero a mphamvu kumathandizira kudziŵa chochititsa mkangano — kaya chikhale kutsutsana kwa ulamuliro walamulo, kumenyera nkhondo kudziŵidwa ndi akatswiri, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mphamvu ya kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zothetsera zingathetse kusalinganizika mmalo mwa zizindikiro.
  • Atsogoleri a afuko la Leadership Skills: amene amazindikira ulamuliro wawo angasonkhezere ndi kusonkhezera magulu awo popanda kukakamiza. Amadziŵa nthaŵi yopita patsogolo ndi chidaliro ndi nthaŵi yobwerera ndi kulola ena kutsogolera mwa ukatswiri wawo kapena chisonkhezero.
  • Mphamvu: anthu amene amamvetsetsa mphamvu yawo — kaya ikhale ya chidziŵitso, maunansi, kapena ntchito yamwambo — angayang’anire miyoyo yawo ndi zosankha. Akhoza kuchirikiza mokhutiritsa, kukambitsirana ndi nyonga, ndi kukana kupotoza.
  • Uchenjezo wa kuthambo: Kumvetsetsa mphamvu kumathandizira kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika. Atsogoleri anzeru angapange malo kumene anthu akakhala ndi mphamvu, zosankha zimaonekera, ndipo ulamuliro umapezedwa mmalo mwa kuufuna.
  • Kusintha kwamphamvu: Magulu a chilungamo amadalira pa kuzindikira mmene ulamuliro umapangidwira ndi mmene ungasinthidwere. Ochita ntchito amene amapenda mphamvu angalake zoyesayesa zawo pamene zidzakhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu.

Kuti muŵerenge zambiri, onani Britannica yoloŵa mphamvu , Encyclopedia ya Filosofi pa mphamvu , ndi kujambula kwa ulamuliro [[FLT: 3] Sociology Guide .

Kumaliza

Mphamvu ndi ulamuliro zili zofunika kwambiri pa zochitika zathu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuyambira pa zimene timachita pantchito mpaka pa maunansi amene timakulitsa panyumba, mphamvu zimenezi zimaumba miyoyo yathu m’njira zimene timaona kukhala zosafunika. Mwakumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu ndi kuyenera kwa ulamuliro, tingayendetse bwino zinthu zathu ndi kuthandizira kuti magwero anu a mphamvu ndi ulamuliro zikhale zolungama. Cholingacho sichingathetse mphamvu — zimene n’zosatheka — koma kutsimikizira kuti zikugwira ntchito mwanzeru, mwanzeru ndi ulemu. Kaya mukutsogolera gulu, kuyendetsa nyumba, kapena kukhala ndi phande m’mudzi, kusonyeza magwero anu a mphamvu ndi ulamuliro umene mumapatsa ena.