Department of Homeland Security (DHS) inakhazikitsidwa mu 2003 kuti ilimbitse mabungwe ambiri a boma pa ntchito imodzi: kuteteza United States ku ziwopsezo za uchigaŵenga ndi ngozi zina. M’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazo, DHS yakhala bungwe lalikulu la boma loyang'anira ntchito zoletsa uchigaŵenga m'dziko lonselo. Kugwirizana kumeneku sikumaphatikizapo kuletsa kokha kuukira komanso kukonzekera, kuchitapo, kuvomereza, ndi kuchotsapo. DHS imagwira ntchito ndi mabungwe a luntha, kukhazikitsa malamulo pa mlingo wonse, antchito a m'chigawo chimodzi, ndi mayiko ogwirizana kumanga chitetezo chogwirizana ndi uchigaŵenga cha dziko lonse. [[FLT:] Kutetezera kwa Homeland [1] Kuthandiza monga phata la, kugwirizanitsa mphamvu zimene zina zochitidwa kale m’kalunza. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mbali ina yolimbana ndi kuteteza za chitetezo cha kudziko, zitsutso, ndi zivuti, zifunsi, zifunsi, zifunsi, zifunsi, m’tsogolo.

Genesis ndi Chisinthiko cha Chisungiko cha ku Homeland

Kuukira kwa pa September 11, 2001, kunavumbula mipata yaikulu ya kutha kwa boma la United States kugawana nzeru ndi kuchita mogwirizana ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana. Poyankha, Homeland Security Act ya 2002 inapanga DHS, kuphatikiza makampani 22 a boma omwe analipo paudindo umodzi. Lamulo limeneli linali lofuna kuthetsa mipiti ya zitofu ndi kuwongolera njira zatsopano zodziŵira zinthu zonga Immigation and Naturation Service (INS), Coral, Secret Service, ndi Service Service Ad Administration (TSA). Lamulolo linaimira kulinganizanso kwa boma kwa kayendetsedwe katsopano m'mbiri ya American, kusonyeza kuyenderana kwa chitetezo.

Chiyambireni, DHS yasintha kuti ithetse ziwopsezo zatsopano ndi zimene zikubuka. Dipatimentiyi yawonjezera chidwi chake kuposa uchigaŵenga wa masiku ano, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa anthu oyendetsa zinthu pa Intaneti, masoka achilengedwe, ndi upandu wa m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Komabe, kuletsa uganda kudakali ntchito yaikulu. Njira ya DHS imagogomezera kuteteza, kuteteza, kubwezera, ndi kukonzanso zinthu zimene zimadalira pa kugwirizanitsa anthu osungidwa pa ngozi. DHS imathandiza kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kuteteza malo okhalako masiku ano.

Malo a dipatimentiyi amasonyeza ntchito yake yogwirizana. Ofesi ya Ulondawo imati: [FLT:] imateteza zinthu zowopsa ku zinthu zimene zimaopseza boma, malo, fuko, ndi malo (SLTT). CYBULSEURSURY . Zigawo zimenezi zimapanga chiwiya choteteza zinthu zofunikira kwambiri ku zinthu zowopsya ndi pa Intaneti. Zipangizo zoteteza zida za BBRN (CYMD) zimateteza ku zinthu zowononga thupi ndi Intaneti.

Ntchito Yolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga ya DHS

Msanganizo wa DHS wolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga umadalira mizati ingapo: kugwirizanitsa luntha, chitetezo cha m'malire, chitetezo cha maziko, ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito. Mzati uliwonse umadalira pa kugwirizana kwa boma ndi mbali ya munthu. Makonzedwewa amapangidwa kuti akhale osavuta, ndipo amalola dipatimentiyo kusintha zinthu monga kuopseza. Chigawochi chimapenda mzati uliwonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Kufufuza Nzeru ndi Kufufuza Zinthu Zoopsa

Kugawana nzeru ndi maziko a uchigawenga wothandiza kuthana ndi uchigawenga. DHS imayendetsa nyumba ya Houseland Security Information Network (HSIN) , malo otetezeka amene amathandiza kuti anthu azitha kugawana zinthu zenizeni pakati pa boma, boma, ndi mabungwe akomweko. HSIN amathandiza anthu masauzande ambiri m’dziko lonselo, kufalitsa kupenda zinthu zoopseza, malipoti a zochitika, ndi machitachita abwino kwambiri. Masewerawa amaphatikizapo kugawana kwapadera kwa nkhani monga kuteteza malire, kuopsa kwa pa Intaneti, ndi chitetezo cha boma.

Kuwonjezera apo, DHS ikupanga zinthu zanzeru zogwirizana ndi SLTT . Zopanga zimenezi zimatembenuza chidziŵitso chovuta kuopsa kukhala chitsogozo chogwira ntchito kwa osungitsa malamulo akwawo ndi oyang'anira zangozi. Dipatimentiyi imachitanso nawo m'makampani a Expatial Intelligence Community , ikugwira ntchito pamodzi ndi FBI, National Counternotic Cormoticism Center (NCC), ndi Dipatimenti ya Department. Fusion Center . . . . Komiti iliyonse yofufuza zinthu zoopseza anthu ndi makampani. DHS imapereka ndalama, ndi kugwirizanitsa malo othandizira kuphatikizana chidziŵitso cha dziko. Pakalipo 80 kuzungulira United States, gulu lililonse lolembedwa ndi ofufuza ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

Chitetezo cha M’malire ndi Uchigaŵenga

Kutsimikizira malire a dzikolo kuli thayo lalikulu lolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga. Ziwonetsero za anthu apaulendo ndi katundu pa madoko a kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zanzeru, ndi zipangizo zoyendera. Bungwe la National Potifiling Center limafufuza maulendo ndi chidziŵitso cha katundu kuti adziwe anthu apamwamba ndi katundu amene akupita nawo asanafike. Apolisi a CBP amagwiritsa ntchito AURMATED Exatimeting System (ATS) kutumiza zinthu zoika pangozi kuti apeze anthu oyenda ndi katundu, zomwe zimathandiza kuti afufuze bwino zinthu.

Komiti ya Surty Security Administration (TSA) imateteza ndege, kayendedwe ka anthu, ndi njira zina zoyendera. TSA imagwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezera zokhala pangozi, kuphatikizapo pulogalamu ya PreCHEAC ndi maofesala ofufuza khalidwe, kuyang'anira anthu okwera kwambiri. Bungweli limagwiranso ntchito ndi mayiko osiyanasiyana kukweza miyezo ya padziko lonse ya chitetezo cha ndege kudzera m'mabungwe monga bungwe la International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Magulu a TSA’S Impseany Impty Entecrivetion and Resociation (VIPR) amachititsa kufufuza kofufuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa mabwalo a ndege, masiteshoni, ndi maboti ena oyendera kuti apeŵetse zigawe.

Kuletsa zigaŵenga kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoloŵera m'dziko, DHS ndi Dmmigration Services ndi dipatimenti ya Immigration (USCIS) ziwayang'anitsitsa ndi kumbuyo kwa ofunsira ma visa. Programu ya Visa Security Program ku malo a DHS ku madera akutali kukawonera ndi kuwona ziwopsezo zothekera. Oyang'anira ameneŵa amapenda zinthu zofunsira, amafunsa, amafunsa, ndi kugwirizanitsa ndi mautumiki a chisungiko a dziko losungidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti apaulendo ololedwa okha alandire zikalata zoloŵe ntchito. Programmesssssss ku Middle East, South Asia, ndi Africa.

Chitetezo ndi Kukhazikika

Nyumba zapamwamba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . makampani akugwira ntchito ndi mabwana a zomangamanga, oyendetsa zachitetezo, ndi oyendetsa zinthu zamwadzidzidzi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHISA amayang'aniranso bungwe la National Infrapublicare Protection Plan (NIPP), limene limalongosola mmene anthu ndi anthu a m’dziko amagwirizanirana kuti athe kuopsa. Pulaniyo imagogomezera kugwirizana kwa magawo apadera, ndi Secroproduction Risk Management Active Active Actives (SRM) imathandizira kuteteza mbali iliyonse ya zapadera za zinthu za m'chilengedwe. Pa nthawi ya kuukira, CISA imagwirizanitsa ndi kukonzanso zinthu zofunika mwamsanga. Bungwe la National Coordinating Center (NCC) loyang'anira zipangizo zamakono limagwira ntchito monga mfundo yaikulu yokhudzana ndi masinthidwe a zinthu m'chigawo cha tentaneti.

Kugwirizana Kupyola Federal, Boma, Malo, Fuko, ndi Anzake Owopsa

Uchigawenga wothandiza kuthana ndi vutoli umafunika kuti boma lililonse lizigwirizana.

Asilikali Ogwirizana ndi Ntchito Zauchigaŵenga

FBI imatsogolera Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTFs) m'malo oposa 200 m'dziko lonselo. DHS imathandizira antchito, luntha, ndi kuchirikiza ntchito zimenezi. Oyang'anira a DHS a CBP, TSA, ICE, ndi ntchito ya Coast Guard pa gulu la FBI shaffairs ndi apolisi a m'malo ozungulira kuti afufuze ndi kusokoneza zigaŵenga. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti uchigaŵenga upindule ndi kulowa m'dziko lonse kwa maulamuliro ndi ukatswiri wa boma. DHS S kulowa m'dziko, TS, ndi chidziŵitso cha kusamutsira ntchito za JTFFFF, kupangitsa ofufuza kuti ayambe kukayikira ndi kudziŵana.

DHS imasunganso malo ake ogwirira ntchito, monga ngati National Operations Center (NOC), yomwe imayang'anira ziwopsezo ndi zochitika nthaŵi zonse. NoC imagwira ntchito monga maziko aakulu a dipatimentiyo a kudziŵa za zochitika ndi kugwirizana ndi FBI ya Protegic Information ndi Opentions Center (SIOC) pa zochitika zazikulu. Njira imeneyi yothandiza kuti chidziŵitso chiyendere m’malo osiyanasiyana ndi kukwera kuchokera ku chigawo chakumeneko.

Kuphunzitsa ndi Kumanga Nyumba Zofunika kwa Olabadira Oyambirira

DHS imalangiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kwa boma ndi anthu akomweko. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), mbali ya DHS, imakhazikitsa maprogramu amene amathandiza anthu kukonzekera ndi kuchitapo kanthu pa zochitika za uchigaŵenga. Homeland Security Grant Program (HSGP) Ziwiro za ndalama, kuphunzitsidwa, ndi kuchitidwa maprogramu a kusungitsa lamulo, madipatimenti ozimitsa moto, ndi mautumiki a zachipatala. M’chaka cha 2023, HSGP inapereka ndalama zoposa $1 biliyoni imodzi yopereka kwa boma ndi antchito akomwe.

Center for Foal Liningness (CDP) ku Alabama operekera ndemanga kuchokera ku dziko lonse posamalira ziwopsezo za CBRNE. CDP imapereka maphunziro kuyambira pa kuzindikira kwakukulu mpaka ntchito zaluso zopita patsogolo, kuphatikizapo malo okhawo ovomerezeka a boma ophunzitsira mankhwala, a zamoyo, ndi a radiologic aunior atsegulidwa kwa anthu onse oyamba. National Exegience Program (NEP) imachita zoyeseza njira zothandizira poyankha za kumalo ndi dziko. Masewera ameneŵa amatsanzira nkhondo zenizeni za dziko ndi kuthandiza kudziŵa mipata ya kugwirizanitsa, kulankhulana, ndi kutumiza katundu.

DHS imachirikizanso Urban Aquares Security Initiative (UASI), imene imawonjezera ndalama zothandizira madera a mizinda amene ali pangozi. Olandira AUSI amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zimenezi kumanga timagulu tapadera ta anthu oyankha, zipangizo, ndi kutsogolera limodzi ndi atsamwali a boma. Programuyi yakhala yothandiza kwambiri kukulitsa luso monga kuyankha kwangozi, chithandizo cha mankhwala, ndi kutaya mabomba m’mizinda yaikulu.

Akatangale Olimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

Kuwonjezera pa kugwirizanitsa zinthu, DHS ili ndi maprogramu ena olinganizidwa kuletsa uchigaŵenga ndi kuloŵerera m’zochita za anthu onse.

Kuzindikira Anthu ndi Kusimba Malipoti

Ngati Muona Chinachake, Sayani Chinachake , chomwe chinayambitsidwa poyamba ndi New York City Metropolitan Transportation Authority ndipo pambuyo pake kuvomerezedwa ndi DHS, chimalimbikitsa anthu kupereka lipoti la ntchito zokayikitsa kwa osungitsa malamulo. Mkupiti wafutukulidwa kuphatikizapo kunyamula katundu, malonda, malo a maseŵera, ndi malo ena a anthu. DHS imagaŵira zipangizo ndi zipangizo zothandizira kuyendetsa programuyo bwino. Chiyambire gawo lake, ndawalayo yakhala ndi maluso zikwizikwizikwi a lamulo, zimene zatsogolera ku kumangidwa kwauchigaŵenga kogwirizana ndi uchigawenga.

DHS imagwiritsanso ntchito National Universal Saccount Reporting (SAR) Aunt, imene imakhazikitsa mmene mabungwe osungitsa malamulo amasonkhanitsira, kugawana, ndi kusanthula malipoti a khalidwe lokayikira. Njira ya SAR imatsimikizira kuti atolankhani ayang'anira mfundo ndi kugawana ndi anzawo oyenerera kupyolera m'thekizo lotetezeka. Dongosolo limeneli limathandiza kuzindikira makhalidwe a kuukira kopasada kuchitika.

Anthu Okhala ndi Ziwawa Ndiponso Oteteza Uchigawenga

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, DHS yawonjezera cholinga chake choletsa chiwawa ndi uchigaŵenga m’banja. Bungwe loona za chiwawa ndi upo ndi upo kuchirikiza ntchito za boma zoyesayesa zakumaloko kuti zidziŵike ndi kuloŵerera anthu amene ali pangozi. Zimenezi zimapereka chilolezo cha magulu oukira anthu oukira, kufalikira kwa anthu, ndi mautumiki a zaumoyo monga njira zotetezera chiwawa. Programuyi ikugogomezera kwambiri magulu opereka chilango cha malamulo, aphunzitsi, antchito za kakhalidwe ka anthu, ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo.

Bungwe la DHS lothandiza anthu otetezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kuteteza zachilengedwe (CP3) limapereka maphunziro komanso chithandizo chaluso kuthandiza anthu kuti ateteze. CP3 imapatsa makompyuta ophunzitsira pa Intaneti, m'malo ogwirira ntchito, ndi chithandizo chamakono kwa magulu oteteza dziko. Izi zikusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu kwa njira zothandizira anthu akayamba kuloŵerera ndiponso njira zothandizira anthu, pozindikira kuti malamulo okha sangathetse vuto lochititsa kuti zinthu ziyendere.

Mavuto Amene Akukumana Nawo Polimbana ndi Uchigawenga wa Kumudzi

Ngakhale kuti pali zinthu zambiri zimene anthu achita, anthu a mtunduwu amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri amene amachititsa kuti ntchito yolimbana ndi uchigawengayi ikhale yovuta kwambiri.

Kuchepetsa Kuipa kwa Malo

Asilikali apitirizabe kuchita zinthu motsatira njira zawo. Kuwonjezeka kwa anthu otengeka maganizo, opanga mafilimu okha amene amafalitsidwa ndi mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosavuta monga galimoto, mipeni, ndi mfuti kumawathandiza kudziwa ndi kuteteza.

Kuwonjezera apo, anthu otengeka maganizo achiwawa m’banja ayamba kuda nkhaŵa kwambiri. DHS yachititsa anthu afuko ndi mafuko awo kukhala oopsa kwambiri, ndipo ikufuna kuti anthu ayambe kugwirizana ndi anthu a m’dzikolo komanso malamulo a m’deralo. Dipatimenti ya 2023 Homeland Desestion Assesment inanena kuti anthu otengeka maganizo m’banja ndi amene ali pangozi yaikulu kuposa mabungwe a zigaŵenga a m’madera ena, zomwe zikusonyeza kusintha kwakukulu pa nkhani yoopseza anthu.

Kudziteteza ndi Kuchuluka kwa Njira Zamakono

Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti oonerapo zinthu zachinsinsi ndiponso osokoneza zinthu, amaletsa anthu kuti asamachite zinthu mwachisawawa komanso kuti asamachite zinthu mwachisawawa.

Komanso, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopanga, zipangizo zoyendera pa Intaneti, ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani a boma ndi magulu a zigaŵenga. ACISA amagwila nchito yolimbikitsa kusasokonezeka kwa makompyuta m’mbali zonse, koma kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga kumafuna kukonzanso zinthu. Kukula kwa luntha, zipangizo zolumikizana ndi intaneti, ndiponso kuchititsa kuti anthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zatsopano zimene adani amawononga. DHS imakhala ndi bungwe la National Cybersecurity Provity Sy (NCPS), lomwe limathandiza kuyang'anira ndi kuteteza asilikali a boma.

Kusintha Zinthu ndi Kuchuluka kwa Ndale

DHS imagwira ntchito motsatira malamulo a bajeti amene amakakamiza anthu kuti asiye ntchito zoyendera mfundo zofunika. Uchigaŵenga wolimbana ndi chitetezo cha pamalire, zotsatira za tsoka, ndi kusatetezeka kwa ndalama ndi kusamala. Ndalama za dipatimentiyi siziyendera limodzi ndi kukwera kwa zinthu m’zaka zaposachedwapa, zikumalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama za antchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano. Kusinthasintha kwa zandale kungakhudzenso maganizo a dipatimentiyo, pamene boma lililonse libweretsa ziwopsezo ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana, zikumasintha zinthu zopezera ndalama ndi njira zoyendetsera zinthu.

Kuthandiza antchito ndi kusamala ndi nkhani zosatha, makamaka m'mabungwe a panja monga CBP ndi TSA. Madanga apamwamba osinthasintha ntchito, malamulo owonjezera, ndi mavuto ogwira ntchito amapangitsa ntchito kulembedwa ndi kuiwala. Kusunga antchito aluso ndi osonkhezeredwa n’kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale chigaŵenga chothandiza, ndipo DHS yapanga njira zothandizira kuti antchito akhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuti ntchito ipite patsogolo, kuphatikizapo maprogramu ophunzitsa anthu owonjezera ndi ntchito yothandiza anthu oganiza bwino.

Tsogolo la Kugwirizana Kolimbana ndi Uchigaŵenga

Dipatimentiyi iyenera kuyembekezera zinthu zoopsa zimene zingadzachitike m’tsogolo kwinaku ikulimbikitsa ubwenzi umene ulipowu ndi luso lake.

Kufufuza Nzeru ndi Kupanga Luso la Zinthu

Luntha lopanga (AI) ndi kuphunzira makina amapereka zipangizo zatsopano zodziŵira zinthu zowopsya, kugwiritsa ntchito njira, ndi kugawidwa kwa makampani. DHS ikufufuza mmene angagwiritsire ntchito AI kusanthula unyinji wa chidziŵitso cha paulendo, malonda, ndi kulankhulana pamene akukhudza zachinsinsi ndi zoletsa zalamulo. Dipatimenti ya AI Center of Excellence ndi kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a zamaphunziro omwe akufuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yapamwamba. Kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ogwiritsa ntchito galimoto kuonera zinthu zotetezera magetsi, ndi njira zachibadwa zosungirako nzeru zapamwamba za anthu.

DHS yakhazikitsanso Office ndi Komiti ya Data Amficy ndi Hession Advisory kuti ipereke uyang'aniro ndi chitsogozo pa zifuno za AI. Mabungwe ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti tekinoloji yatsopano igwirizane ndi Chilamulo chachinsinsi cha 1974, Chilamulo cha Government, ndi malamulo ena oyenerera. Pamene mphamvu za AI zikula, DHS zidzafunikira kulinganiza kuyang'anira ndi kuonekera kwa munthu.

Kulimbikitsa Ubwenzi Wamitundu Yonse

Uchigaŵenga ndi vuto lapadziko lonse limene limafuna mgwirizano wapadziko lonse. DHS imagwira ntchito ndi mayiko ena kudzera m'mapangano a kuthandizana, maprogramu omanga ndi maluso ogwirizana. Dipatimentiyi imachita nawo zinthu monga Global Counter Cornotic Fortum (GTF) ndi INTERPOL. Kukulitsa maunansi ameneŵa kudzakhala kofunika kwambiri pamene ziwopsezo zidzakhala zowonjezereka m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndipo pamene magulu a zigaŵenga akupondereza mofooka kapena pansi pa malo otetezedwa.

DHS imatsogoleranso nthumwi za United States ku Komiti ya Counter-Trorism ya United Nations ndipo imathandizira kuyesayesa kwa mitundu yonse kusungitsa manyowa operekera katundu, ndege, ndi maulendo a panyanja. Matanki a kampani yapadziko lonse amaikidwa m'mayiko akugwirizana limodzi, kugwirizanitsa maunansi ndi mautumiki a chitetezo a dziko. Amenewa amagwirizanitsa anthu ogwirizana, kugawana nzeru, ndi kugwirizana pa nkhani za ugandaganda.

Kumaliza

DHS ikupanga chitetezo chogwirizana pa uchigaŵenga. DHS imathandiza kwambiri kuti ithe kukonza zinthu zatsopano, luso lolimbana ndi uchigaŵenga m'dziko lonse la United States. Mwa kugwirizanitsa nzeru, chitetezo cha m’malire, chitetezo cha m’makhomo, ndi kugwirizana ndi boma, malo a dziko, ndi malo amodzi, DHS imapanga chitetezo chogwirizana pa uchigaŵenga. DHS iyenera kupitiriza kuteteza dzikolo. DHS kuti ipitirizebe kukonza zinthu zatsopano, kukonzanso luso lake laumoyo, ndi kugwirizana kwake kuti ikhale patsogolo pa adani amene akusintha mofulumira. Chiyeso chingakhale chovuta kwambiri.