Awo Odziimira: Kuchotsa Malo Okongola Kupyola Magulu

Kusanthula kwakhala kukulamulira kwa zipani ziŵiri zazikulu za ndale zadziko, koma ntchito ya oyembekezera odziimira yakula kukhala yofunika kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Opitawo kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera kukhala oloŵa mmalo a dongosolo la mwambo la mbali ziŵiri, kupereka zosankha zosiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro atsopano. Nkhani ino ikufufuza ziyambukiro, zitokoso, ndi zopereka za opita kukasankha okha, kupenda mmene amayambukirira, kuyambitsa malingaliro atsopano, ndi kugawana otsutsa andale.

Kumvetsetsa Zomwe Zingachitike pa Moyo Wanu

Ofuna kusankhidwa ali anthu amene amaloŵa m'maofesi popanda kugwirizana ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko. Iwo amaimira ziphunzitso ndi mapulatifomu osiyanasiyana, kaŵirikaŵiri amakopa ovota amene amagwiritsidwa mwala ndi zosankha za magulu akuluakulu. Mosiyana ndi osankhidwa achitatu amene amagwira ntchito m'magulu aang'ono, odziimira okha samangidwa ndi mapulatifomu, kuwalola kutengera malo apamwamba ogwirizana ndi nkhani zawo. Kupezeka kwawo m'masankhota kungayambukire zotsatira, kusintha mphamvu za ndale zadziko, ndi kukakamiza magulu aakulu kukambirana ndi nkhani zimene anganyalanyaze.

Matanthauzo a "odzidalira" angasiyane malinga ndi ulamuliro. M'mayiko ena, oyembekezera kulowa m'gululo angalembetse kuti ndi odziimira okha mwa kusandandalika chipani. M'mayiko ena, iwo ayenera kusonkhanitsa siginenti yakutiakuti kuti aonekere pa pepala popanda kuthandizidwa ndi zipani. Kusintha kumeneku kumachititsa kuti anthu adzipatule okha kuchokera ku magulu audzu, mabungwe a boma, kapena ngakhale pakati pa anthu amene kale m'zipani zawo amene sakusangalala ndi zimene gulu lawo likufuna.

Kodi Ndani Amene Amapanga Zochita Zawo Zodzilamulira?

Ofuna kudziimira okha amachokera ku mayanjano osiyanasiyana a moyo. Angakhale eni malonda a m'deralo, ochirikiza zachitukuko, akatswiri amaphunziro, kapena amene kale anali nduna zosankhidwa zimene zinasiya zipani zawo pa kusagwirizana kwa malamulo. Ena amayesa kugawikana pakati pa anthu. Ena ndi ofufuza zinthu zimene amagwiritsira ntchito maganizo otsutsa. Mosasamala kanthu za chiyambi, mbali zawo nzimene zimasankha kuti ziyende popanda makina ndi zikalata za gulu.

Kusintha kwa Zosankha Zawo

Anthu ongofuna kusankhidwa okha angakhudze kwambiri masankho m’njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kugaŵanika ndi Kutentha

Ofuna kuvota angavote kwa akuluakulu osankhidwa, amene angasinthe zotsatira za mafuko apafupi. Chochitika chimenechi, chotchedwa "siler ," chinaoneka bwino kwambiri m'chisankho cha pulezidenti wa United States mu 2000, kumene Ralph Nader's Green Party Relacy adakopa mavoti okwanira kuchokera ku Democrat Al Gore ku Florida kuchotsa chisankho cha ku Republican George W. Bush. Momwemo, wodziimira pa iye yekha Rossot's anakopa pafupifupi 19% ya voti yotchuka, kukoka chichilikizo kuchokera ku magulu aakulu aŵiri koma otenga ndalama George HW. Bush-kus" kujambulanso chisankho chapamwamba cha George Hiffito.

Pamene kuli kwakuti chiyambukiro chowononga chingakhale chotsutsana, icho chimakakamizanso mbali zazikulu kupereka chisamaliro ku nkhani zodzutsidwa ndi otsutsa a kudziimira. Pamene odziimira paokha apeza chiwonero chapadera, mapwando kaŵirikaŵiri amavomereza malo awo kupatanso ovota opatulidwa.

Kuyambitsa Malingaliro Atsopano ndi Kachitidwe Katsopano

Ofuna kudzisankhira amayambitsa njira zatsopano ndi malingaliro amene amatsutsa mkhalidwe wa malo. Chifukwa chakuti sagwirizana ndi pulatifomu yokhazikitsidwa ya chipani, iwo angayambitse kuti zipani zazikulu zinyalanyaze kapena kuwona kukhala zangozi kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira wina Bernie Sanders (amene amagwiritsira ntchito Democrates koma amatchula kuti ali wodziimira yekha) anachititsa kuti Medica azikhala ndi onse, ufulu wa pakoleji, ndi chuma choposa kutsogolera pa mkangano wa dziko. Ngakhale kuti sanapambane Priestine, malingaliro ake anasintha democratic Party.

Mofananamo, akazembe odziimira paokha ndi oyang’anira malo ayesa njira zopanda magawo zopezera bajeti, kusintha maphunziro, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chuma.

Kuyamba Kugwira Ntchito Yopanga Malo Owonjezera

Osankha osankhidwa okha angasonkhezere ovota amene angapeŵe kutengamo mbali m'masankho. Nzika zambiri zimalingalira kuti palibe chipani chachikulu chimene chimaimira malingaliro awo, kutsogolera kutsika . Wobatizidwa . Makamaka wokhala ndi uthenga wokakamiza kapena utsogoleri wa mphamvu ya mphamvu [1] angalimbitse osankhawa. Masankho a 2016 ndi 2020 anaona kuwonjezeka kwa mavoti a odziimira okha ndi achitatu, ndi ziŵerengero zonga Evan McMullin (206) ndi Jo Jorgensen (2020) omwe anafuna kuvota ofunsira omwe anafuna kulowa m’malo aŵiri otchuka.

Anthu amene ali paokha akapeza mwayi wosankha kuti apeze ndalama zochitira zinthu zina n’kuyamba kukangana, amaonetsanso kuti anthu ena sakonda kuvota ndipo zimenezi zingapangitse kuti anthu ambiri ayambe kuonera zinthu paokha, chifukwa amaona kuti anthu a m’dzikolo ali ndi ufulu wosankha zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.

Mbiri Yakale: Kudziimira pandekha m’Ndale za ku America

Ntchito ya odziimira okha ku United States inayamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa dzikolo. Pulezidenti woyamba, George Washington, anachenjeza motchuka za kuopsa kwa zipani za ndale ku Adiresi yake ya Farewell. Pamene Washington sanali wodzisankhira pa , (iye anachirikizidwa kwambiri), maganizo ake anagogomezera nkhaŵa ya nthaŵi yaitali yokhudza magaŵano a anthu a dziko.

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu ambiri amene akufuna kulowa ndale asiya ndale za ku America:

  • [[FLT :0] George Washington:[[FLT :1] Ngakhale kuti si munthu wodziimira yekha, utsogoleri wake unakhala chitsanzo cha utsogoleri wa anthu osakhala apartistiki umene pambuyo pake anthu odziimira okha angaupemphe.
  • [[FLT: 0] John B. Anderson: [[FL:1] Mu 1980, munthu woimira Illinois anadziimira yekha atataya dziko la Republican. Anapambana 6.6% ya voti yotchuka, kubweretsa chisamaliro ku kuchirikiza ufulu wa anthu.
  • Ross Perot : Amalonda a chikwi chimodzi anakopa pafupifupi 19% ya voti yotchuka mu 1992, kusumika maganizo pa kupereŵera kwa bajeti ndi malonda a boma. Mkupiti wake unasonkhezera Chipani cha Reformation ndi kusonyeza kuthekera kwa mayere a odziimira bwino.
  • Bernie Sanders :[FLT :1] Ngakhale kuti iye kaŵirikaŵiri wakhala akuyendetsa mu Democratic Primtes, Sanders watumikira mosalekeza m'Congress monga wodziimira. Ndawala za pulezidenti 2016 ndi 2020 zinasinthanso chigawo cha Democratic Party ndi kusonkhanitsa mbadwo wa ochirikiza atsamunda opita patsogolo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Mfumu ndi Bernie Sanders: Onse aŵiri akutumikira pa Khoti la United States monga odziimira, kulankhulirana ndi Democrat koma kusungitsa chizindikiritso chawo. Kukhalapo kwawo kumasonyeza kuti oloŵa malo a mabwana a maulamulirowo angakhale opanga malamulo ndi okhoza kuyendetsa bwino.

Zitsanzo za Padziko Lonse

Ofuna kusankhidwa okha saali okha ku United States. M'mademokrase ambiri a nyumba ya malamulo, maulamuliro odziimira paokha amalimbikitsa kwambiri, makamaka maboma ogwirizana. Ku India, mamembala a Palamende ayamba kulinganiza ulamuliro. Mu United Kingdom, maMP odziimira okha monga Martin Bell (osankhidwa ku Palamente mu 1997 pa pulatifomu yotsutsa oletsa apolisi) asonyeza kuti anthu odziimira paokha angagonjetse opita patsogolo kwambiri. Ku Italy, Five Star Movement inayamba monga gulu lopanda gawo la anthu andale ndipo inayamba kukhala gulu lalikulu landale. Zitsanzo zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti anthu a m'mayiko ambiri angayende bwino m'magulu osiyanasiyana osankhidwa.

Mavuto Amene Anthu Odzilamulira Amakumana Nawo

Ngakhale kuti anthu amene akufuna kulowa m’gululi angakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zambiri, anthu amene akufuna kulowa m’gululi amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri amene amawalepheretsa kupikisana ndi anthu akuluakulu.

Zofunika za Ballot

Maboma ambiri ali ndi ziyeneretso zosalongosoka kuti opita ku makampani apeze ndalama zolembera. Zimenezi zingaphatikizepo ndalama zoikizira ndalama, ziŵerengero zazikulu za kusaina kwa pepala, ndi kutsatiridwa kwa masiku otsatizana. M'mayiko ena, oyembekezera kusankhidwa ayenera kusonkhanitsa zikalata zofanana ndi chigawo cha mavoti ochitidwa m'chosankha chapapitapo, zimene zingafike ku masaini zikwi makumi ambiri a ntchito ya boma. Kawirikawiri kawiri malamulo amasokoneza kusainidwa ndi munthu amene walembetsa pa chipani, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kusonkhanitsa zigamulo zovomerezeka.

Malamulo a ballot amasiyana kwambiri. Maboma onga California ndi Texas ali ndi zitseko zazikulu, pamene kuli kwakuti ena onga Colorado ndi Oregon ali ofikirika kwambiri. Ofuna kulowa m’dzikolo angafunikire kuthera nthaŵi ndi ndalama zambiri kuti angoyenerera kugula pepala lochitiramo kampeniyo, asanayambe nkomwe kuchita ndawala.

Kupereka Zosiyana

Ofuna kulowa m’gululi amavutika kupeza ndalama poyerekezera ndi anzawo a pagulu. Ofuna kulowa m'chipanichi amapindula ndi mabungwe a anthu opereka ndalama, makomiti a zipani, ndi mapulogalamu akuluakulu amene amapereka ndalama zambiri. Odziimira ayenera kudalira pa zopereka za munthu aliyense payekha, zodzisangalatsa, kapena timidzi tating’ono taudzu.

Mwachitsanzo, m’chosankha cha pulezidenti cha 2020 ku United States, oyembekezera kukhala pulezidenti anawononga madola mamiliyoni mazanamazana, pamene opita kukachita mautumiki odziimira monga Jorgensen kapena Howie Hawkins anangowononga ndalama zochepa chabe za ndalama zimenezo.

Kufalitsidwa ndi Zoulutsidwa ndi Kuwoneka

Ofuna kudzionera okha salandira chisamaliro chochepa kuposa cha agulu lalikulu. Manyuzipepala amasumika maganizo pa mpikisano wa mahatchi pakati pa Democrates ndi Republicans, kaŵirikaŵiri amanyalanyaza odziimira okha pokhapokha ngati asonyeza mphamvu zosayembekezereka m'mapendedwe. Kusoŵa kwa kufalitsa kulepheretsa kuwonekera kwawo ndi kuyesayesa kwa kutulukira, kuyambitsa kufalikira kowopsa: popanda chisamaliro cha oulutsa nkhani, iwo amalimbana kupeza pepala; popanda kutumiza pepala, samapeza chisamaliro cha nyuzi.

Komabe, makompyuta monga YouTube, mapulogalamu otchuka, ndi mapulogalamu a zaumoyo alola anthu ena kutengera zinthu za kunja kwa wailesi yakanema. Mitu yonga Andrew Yang (amene anali ndi democratic yaikulu mu 2020 koma pambuyo pake anayamba Chipani Chapamwamba) anagwiritsira ntchito Intaneti kuwonjezera uthenga wake. Komabe, anthu ambiri odziimira paokha, kupyola phokosolo limakhala nkhondo yokwera.

Kutsutsana

Makedzana a pulezidenti ku United States amalinganizidwa ndi Commission on Prezidential Desensials, imene imakhazikitsa makhomo oloŵetsedwamo ozikidwa pa kuvota ndi kulowa m'malo amodzi. Nthaŵi zambiri, wobatizidwa ayenera kufikira 15% pa mapendedwe asanu a dziko kuti ayenerere. Mtengo wapamwambawu umachotsa anthu ambiri odziimira paokha ndi opita ku magawo achitatu, kukana iwo papulatifomu ya dziko. Otsutsa amati malamulowo anapangidwa kutetezera a gulu lankhondo ndi kutsendereza mawu ena.

Mayiko ena, monga United Kingdom ndi Canada, ali ndi njira zambiri zokambirana zimene zimalola anthu aang’ono ndi odziimira paokha kukhala ndi phande m’kutsutsana kwinakwake.

Mabungwe a Anthu Odziimira Pawokha Owonjezera

Ngakhale kuti pali zopinga zimenezi, opita ku magawo odziimira okha angatsatire njira zingapo zopezera mwaŵi wopambana kapena kusonkhezera masankho.

Mizu ya Maluŵa ndi Kuloŵa m’Nkhondo ya Chigwirizano ndi Chigwirizano cha Anthu

Kumanga malo okhala mwamphamvu kupyolera m'kugogoda kukhomo, maholo a matauni, ndi zochitika za m'mudzi kungamveke kwa ovota. Ofuna kusankhidwa kaŵirikaŵiri amapambana pamene asumika maganizo pa nkhani za malo aakulu zimene zinyalanyazidwa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wodziimira payekha angalimbane ndi ntchito inayake yokonza, sukulu zabwino, kapena madzi oyera. Mwakuthetsa mavuto amene osankhawo akumana nawo mwachindunji, odziimira paokha angakulitse ndi kukopa anthu ochirikiza.

Antchito odzipereka angalowe mmalo mwa antchito olipira, ndipo mawu a mukamwa angaloŵe mmalo mwa kusatsa malonda kodula. Okhoza kusonkhanitsa anthu odzipereka odzipereka kaŵirikaŵiri amaposa zimene amayembekezera.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Zamakono ndi Zamakono

Mapulatifomu a foni otsika amalola osankha popanda kuwonongera ndalama zambiri pa kusatsa malonda a pa wailesi yakanema. Mapepala onga Tik Tok, Istagram, ndi X (amene kale anali Twitter) amatheketsa opitawo kugaŵana uthenga wawo, kutsutsana, ndi kumanga zotsatira. Mapepala a makope ndi foni ndi kulemberana makalata amadziŵitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa ochirikiza.

Ofuna kutsatsa malonda a foni angagwiritsire ntchito kutsatsa malonda a manambala kuti afike kwa anthu ena, monga ngati osankha achinyamata kapena odziimira. Zida zonga Act Blue ndi Win Red kaŵirikaŵiri zilibe malire chifukwa chakuti zimalumikizidwa ku maphwando, koma mapulatifomu ena monga [[FLT: 0] Act Blue [[FLT] [FLT] [DC] (Democratic-leaning]) ndi [FLT] . [FLT] ] . [FLT] ] . [Republican-leanting] Salandira malo odziimira. Komabe, oyembekezera angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama zothandizira zonga ngati Gomudme Mend kapena webreast.

Nyumba Zomangamanga Zogwirizana Ndiponso Maungwe Abwino

Kupanga mapangano ndi magulu ofanana ndi a anthu, magulu achinyengo, ndi anthu otchuka angafutukule uthenga wa munthu wofunsira. Mwachitsanzo, magulu a malo okhala angavomereze kuthamanga kwaufulu pa pulatifomu yobiriwira. Mabungwe otetezera a mfuti angachirikize lamulo lodziimira paokha lokhudza mfuti. Mapangano ameneŵa amabweretsa kudalirika kwa akatswiri, antchito odzifunira, ndipo nthaŵi zina amapereka ndalama.

Odziimira okha angapangenso kugwirizana kwa kanthaŵi ndi zipani zazing'ono, monga Green Party kapena Libertarian Party, kuti aloŵetsemo chuma ndi kupeŵa kugaŵanitsa. Nthaŵi zina, wofuna kubatizidwa angawolokedwe ndi gulu laling’ono, lowonekera pa pepala lolemba pa mapepala ambiri.

Kuthamanga monga "Silarier" Kusintha Kayendetsedwe ka Kalamulo

Ngakhale ngati wofunsira wodziimira payekha sayembekezera kupambana, iwo angakakamize anthu akuluakulu kuti atenge malo awo. Mwa kuwopseza kuti adzachotsa ovota kwa kazembe wamkulu wa chipani, anthu odziimira paokha angagwiritse ntchito njira imeneyi posonyeza nkhani ngati za a m'gulu la Tea Party ku ma 2010, ngakhale kuti ankagwira ntchito kwambiri m’Chipani cha Republican. Independents monga Larry Firfe (Wosankha bwanala wa New York mu 2018) anagwiritsira ntchito njira imeneyi kugogomezera nkhani zonga kusintha kwa ntchito ndi kukonzanso zinthu ndi kuweruza kwaupandu.

Tsogolo la Odziimira pawokha

Zinthu zambiri zikusonyeza kuti anthu odziimira paokha adzachita nawo zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga masankho.

Chiŵerengero Chomawonjezereka cha Oimba Nsalu Zodzifunira

Mafufuzidwe amasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri a ku America amatchula kuti ndi odziimira okha kusiyana ndi Democrates kapena Republicans. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Gallup, pafupifupi 40% ya achikulire a ku United States tsopano amadziŵika kukhala odziimira okha, mlingo waukulu koposa m'zaka makumi ambiri. Kusintha kumeneku m'chigwirizano cha ndale zadziko kumayambitsa chikhoterero chachibadwa kwa ofuna kudziimira okha. Osankha ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ongofuna kulinganiza ndi kuyambitsa nkhani, kuwatsegulira ofunsira amene amaika patsogolo kudalirika kwa chipani.

Nkhani zapamwamba za boma zimasonyeza kuti kulembetsa kodziimira pakokha kukukula mofulumira m'maiko onga Florida, North Carolina, ndi Colorado. Pamene chiŵerengero cha osankha odziimira okha chikuwonjezereka, kuthekera kwa oyembekezera kudzakhala bwino.

Kukonzanso Kachitidwe ndi Nkhani ya Kukhala Woyang’anira

Nkhani monga kusintha kwa nyengo, ngongole ya ophunzira, kusintha kwa zaumoyo, ndi zoyenera zovota nzofala kwa ovota odzisankhira. Okhoza kutchula bwino lomwe, osatenga mbali pankhani zimenezi angapeze chichirikizo kuchokera ku mbali zosiyanasiyana za ndale zadziko.

Ndiponso, anthu odziimira paokha amaikidwa kuti athetse nkhani zimene anthu aakulu amapeŵa chifukwa cha kugawikana kwa mkati mwawo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wofuna kubatizidwa angalimbikitse kuti adziikire mlandu ndi chilungamo panthaŵi imodzi.

Kusintha Zinthu Kukupangitsa Kuti Anthu Azivutika

Magulu ochirikiza kusankhidwa kwa osankhidwa apamwamba, otseguka, ndi osapartisan redidigolity angawonjezere kuthekera kwa oyembekezera kusankhidwa. Kuvota kwa RCV (RCV) kumalola ovota kugamula ofunsirawo m'njira ya kusankha, kuchepetsa chiyambukiro cha chowononga ndi kulimbikitsa owonjezereka oyembekezera kuthamanga. Fairoote [1] Gulu lotsogolera kuchirikiza RCV kuzungulira dziko lonselo.

Malo otsegulira, kumene osankha onse mosasamala kanthu za zipani angatengemo mbali, amapindulanso odziimira mwa kuwalola kupikisana popanda kutsekeredwa. Njira zothetsera zitsulo zimachepetsa kupikisana, kupangitsa mafuko a malamulo kukhala opikisana kwambiri ndi odzisankhira opikisana.

Kuyamba kwa Anthu Odziimira pawokha

M’zaka zaposachedwapa, gulu la ofunsira odziimira paokha lakhala likukopa osankha oyenera amene atopa ndi kutsekereza. Magulu onga No Leabels ndi Gulu Lapatsogolo (loyambitsidwa ndi Andrew Yang) afuna kupanga gulu la njira yachitatu yopindulitsa limene limapikisana ndi magulu aakulu aŵiri. Pamene kuli kwakuti zoyesayesa zimenezi zikali zopanga chipambano chachikulu cha osanthula, iwo amasonyeza kuti pali msika wa zoloŵa mmalo m'malo a dongosolo la magawo aŵiri.

Akatswiri ena andale amakhulupirira kuti munthu wotchuka kwambiri ndiponso wodziimira payekha, akhoza kukhala wodalirika kwambiri mu 2024 kapena kuposa pamenepo, makamaka ngati magulu akuluakulu a anthu atayamba kugawana.

Kumaliza

Ntchito ya osankha okha m'malo osankhidwira zinthu ndi zambiri ndipo idakalipo. Zimapereka njira zina zofunika kwambiri m'njira ya mwambo, kutsutsana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa, ndiponso kulimbikitsa anthu ambiri kutenga nawo mbali. Pamene kuli kwakuti amakumana ndi mavuto aakulu opinga kulowa m'dziko. Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kusagwirizana kwa makampani, kusasamala, ndi kutsutsana pa zotsatira za masankho ndi malamulo n’kosatsutsika.

Pamene kusakhutira kwa ovota kukukula ndi kusintha kwa masankho kukukula, ofuna kudziimira paokha adzachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kuumba mtsogolo mwa masankho. Kaya apambana kapena ayi, amakakamiza zipani zazikulu kumvetsera, kukonzanso, ndi kusintha. Mu demokalase, imeneyo ndiyo ntchito yabwino ndi yofunika. Ofuna kugamulako amatikumbutsa kuti ndale sizili chabe ponena za mapwando . N’zokhudza anthu, malingaliro, ndi kulimba mtima kuti tisalekane.