Malo osankhidwa a United States amalamuliridwa ndi zipani za Democratic ndi Republica, koma oyembekezera odziimira okha ndi mbali yachitatu achita mbali yosasintha ndi yosonkhezera kaŵirikaŵiri m'kuumba masankho ndi nkhani za ndale zadziko. Pamene kuli kwakuti opitawo sapambana kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito zazikulu, kukhala kwawo ndi mphamvu ya magulu aakulu kuti akambirane nkhani zosanyalanyazidwa, kusintha mphamvu zosankha, ndi kuyambitsa mikangano yokhudza kusintha kwa masankhoti. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mizu ya mbiri yakale, mavuto opitirizabe, ndi ziyambukiro zooneka za odziimira paokha ndi oloŵa m'gulu lachitatu, kujambula zitsanzo zazikulu ndi chidziŵitso kuchokera ku mbiri ya ndale zadziko za ku America.

Mbiri ya Zigawo za Independent ndi Macandidadenti Achitatu

Mabungwe achitatu akhala mbali yobwerezabwereza ya ndale zadziko za United States chiyambire republic. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo la magawo aŵiri lakhala lokhazikika chiyambire ma 1850, magulu ena abuka nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kutsutsa mkhalidwe wa kusinthika, kaŵirikaŵiri kuwunikira pa magulu ena osintha kapena kudandaula kwa otsutsa.

Kuchiyambi kwa Zaka za zana lachitatu (Zana la Zana la Kuma 1500)

Party Anti-Masonic [[FLT: 1] inali yoyamba yachitatu, yosonkhezera kusadalirana kwa magulu achinsinsi. Inayamba kachitidwe ka kukhala ndi misonkhano yamtundu uliwonse, mwambo wotengedwa ndi magulu aakulu. [[FLT:] Sover Sover [Soverty [1] Party [188:3] [1848] [854]) Kuwonjezedwa kwa ukapolo m'magawo akumadzulo, kukumachirikiza kumbali zonse ziŵiri za kumpoto kwa Democrates ndi Whigs. Ngakhale kuti sikunapambanepo kupambana, papulat yake inathandiza kuchotsa mkangano wa dziko ndi kuumbidwa kwa chipani cha Republicungwe. Chitsanzo china chachikulu chinali Chipani cha [FUPrometic:] [Flatest] [591] Chipani chaku

Zaka za Zana la 20 Zipatuko Zachitatu

[[FLT: 0] Party yowonjezereka [[FLT: 1] (12]), yotsogozedwa ndi yemwe kale anali Pulezidenti Theodore Rooseverow Wilson, imakhala imodzi ya ndawala zachitatu zofunika kwambiri. Roosevelt inaipitsa chigawo cha m'dziko William Howard Taft, kupambana 27% ya mavoti otchuka ndi 88 osankhira osankhidwa. Ngakhale kuti anataya Democratation Woodwarow Wilson, “Bull Moose step [1] [1] [1] Kuphatikizapo kusuffreji ya akazi, maola asanu ndi atatu a tsiku, ndi oletsa kuikidwa ndi kuikidwa kwa lamulo kwa magulu aakulu kuti alandire masinthidwe owonjezereka. Pangano lachitatu, pambuyo pake, chivotiko chachigamu chachika chachika chachika chachika, chikhoza kuthandizira ndi kutsimikizira ndi kutuluka kwa makampani ogwirizana ogwirizana ogwirizana. [194]

Mavuto Amene Anthu Odziimira paokha ndi Ochita Zinthu za M’madera Achitatu

Ofuna kudziimira okha ndi mbali yachitatu amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zambiri ndi zopinga zopangitsa kupambana ntchito kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Zopinga zimenezi siziri zangozi; zimachokera ku malamulo ndi miyambo imene imayanja mbali ziŵiri zazikulu.

Ziletso za Ballot

Boma lililonse limakhazikitsa malamulo akeake a kuloŵa, ndipo ambiri amakhazikitsa malamulo opempha, kutsata, ndi kutsatsa masiku. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2020, munthu wachitatu wosankhidwa kukhala pulezidenti anafunikira kusainidwa pafupifupi 300,000 kuti aoneke pa pepala la mpira m'maboma onse 50, ntchito imene imawonongetsa mazana zikwi za madola. Maboma onga Texas, Georgia, ndi Ohio ali ndi malamulo otsatizana, ofuna kuti munthu alembe chikalata chofanana ndi chisankho chomaliza cha grenatorator. Ziletso zimenezi zapangidwa kuti zichepetse kufunkha koma zitse osoŵa ndalama za zipani zazikulu. Malinga ndi [FOLD: 0]

Kupereka Zosiyana

Ofuna kusankhidwa aakulu amapindula ndi makampani okhazikitsa ndalama zoyendetsera, ma PC, ndi madongosolo a zachuma a anthu amene kaŵirikaŵiri saphatikizapo mbali zachitatu. Federal Evolution Commission imafuna kuti chipani chilandire chifupifupi 5% cha mavoti otchuka m'chisankho chakale kuti chiyenerere ndalama za chisankho cha onse. Kwa opitawo, khomo la odziimira, nlokwera kwambiri. Mu 2020, Trump ndi Biden inakweza $4 biliyoni, pamene Liberian Noberce Jorgen anadzutsa pafupifupi $.5.5.

Nkhani Zofalitsidwa ndi Kuwonekera Kwapoyera

Manyuzipepala aakulu amatsatsa malonda monga mpikisano wa mahatchi aŵiri, kupatsa oyembekezera a magawo atatu nthaŵi yochepa kapena malo osindikizira. Kufufuza kwa 2016 kwa Berkman Klein Center ku Harvard kunapeza kuti ofunsira achitatu osankhidwa pa magawo osankhidwawo sanalipo, kaŵirikaŵiri amawonjezera kupenda kwa mahatchi kuti kaya iwo “akhoza kupuluza" zotsatira. Pamene akwiriridwa, amapimidwa kaŵirikaŵiri m’mawu otsutsira kapena osulitsa. Kusoŵa kumeneku kutsimikizira kuti oyembekezera a mbali yachitatu si okhoza kukhala okhoza kupambana.

Kusintha kwa Zinthu ndi “Kukangana Koipa kwa Zinthu Zatsopano”

Mwinamwake chopinga champhamvu kwambiri ndicho chikhulupiriro chofala chakuti voti ya munthu wodziimira yekha kapena gawo lachitatu “inawazidwa. . M'njira zonse zosankhidwa, ovota safuna kuchirikiza wosankhidwa amene akuoneka kukhala wosapambana, poopa kuti voti yawo idzathandiza kusankha munthu wamkulu amene safuna. Kuvota kumeneku kumachirikizidwa ndi magulu aakulu a anthu ndipo ndi atolankhani. Mwachitsanzo, m'sankhoti ya pulezidenti ya 2000, Ralph Nader Nader Nader , analandira 2.7% ya voti ya dzikolo, ndipo Democrates ambiri anamimba mlandu chifukwa cha kupambana kwa Al Gore ku Florida. Kaya kuti kunali kolondola. Chidziŵitsocho chimavomereza lingaliro chimenecho cha mbali yachitatu ya votimenti.

Chiyambukiro pa Zosankha ndi Nkhani Yandale

Ngakhale kuti pali zopinga zimenezi, opita ku makampani ena ndi ena achitatu amachita zinthu moyenerera, amachititsa kuti anthu asinthe njira zovota, ndipo nthaŵi zina amakakamiza anthu akuluakulu kuti asinthe kapena kuyang’anizana ndi zotsatira za kusankhidwa.

Kusintha Mtundu wa Agenda Wandale

Ofuna kugawana achitatu kaŵirikaŵiri amagogomezera nkhani zimene zipani zazikulu zimanyalanyaza kapena kunyalanyaza. Chigogomezero cha Green Party cha kusintha kwa nyengo kuma 2000 chinathandiza kusonkhezera lamulo la malo okhala ku Democratic mapule. Mu 1992 Ross Perot anasumika maganizo pa kupereŵera kwa boma kokakamiza Bill Clinton ndi George H.W. Kutulutsa mapangano a tsatanetsatane a kuchepetsa kapena kukonza. Gulu la a Libertrian Party losasintha malamulo a mankhwala, kukonzanso zigamu za aupandu, ndipo malonda aulere a kampani yachitatu asonkhezera malo a ndale. Pamene gulu lachitatu lagalamu lachitatu litenga gawo mbali zazikulu za bungwe lake kuti litulutsenso mbali zake za pulatifomu yake kuti litulutsenso gulu la osankhidwa.

Mmene Mpweya Umakhudzira

Pachisankho chotsutsidwa kwambiri, oyembekezera kulowa m'chigawo chachitatu angasinthe zotsatirapo mwa kujambula mavoti kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi wamkulu wobatizidwa. chiyambukiro cha pulogalamu yapadera kwambiri n’champhamvu kwambiri pamene munthu wachitatu wobatizidwa apempha kuti apite ku malo amene amadalira chimodzi mwa magulu aakulu. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo Ralph Nader mu 2000 (monga ngati kutayitsa Gore chisankho), Jill Stein mu 2016 (kusiyana kwa mphamvu zake m'magawo aakulu), ndi George Wallace mu 1968 (kuphatikiza chivoti cha Democratic ). Ngakhale kuti chopasulidwacho kaŵirikaŵiri chimakhala choipitsitsa, ndi nkhaŵa yeniyeni imene ingaletse ochirikiza zipani zachitatu ndi zotsogolera kukonza.

Kutaya Mtima kwa Anthu Ovutika

Osankhidwa achitatu angachirikizenso wovotayo mwa kuchititsa anthu amene akudzimva kukhala opatulidwa ku zipani zazikulu. Mu 1992, mkupiti wa Ross Perot unalimbikitsa mamiliyoni a osankha amene anakhalapo m'mbuyomo, kuthandizira ovota apamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zambiri za anthu osankha panthaŵi ino. Mofananamo, Libertariarian ndi oyembekezera kusankhidwawo adakopa achichepere ndi awo amene anagwiritsidwa mwala ndi dongosolo la mbali ziŵiri. Chipangano chowonjezereka chimenechi chingakhale ndi ziyambukiro zanthaŵi yaitali pa kukhala ndi phande la ndale zadziko, ngakhale ngati gulu lachitatulo silipambana.

Kufufuza Nkhani za Odziimira pawokha ndi Achigawo Chachitatu

Kupenda mkupiti wakutiwakuti kumavumbula njira, chipambano, ndi zolephera za kuyesayesa kwaumwini ndi kwachitatu.

Ross Perot (1992, 1996)

Ross Perot, wamalonda biliyoni, anadziimira yekha mu 1992 ndipo pambuyo pake monga gulu la Reform Party anawononga ndalama zake zoposa $60 miliyoni mu 1996. Mkupiti wake wa 1992 unamlola kugula theka la maola a chidziŵitso ndi kuyendetsa gulu la dziko lonse. Anapambana 18.9% ya chivoti chotchuka cha munthu wachitatu kuyambira Theodore Roosevelt mu 1912. Nkhani yaikulu ya Perot inali ngongole yomakula ya dziko lonse, ndipo anagwiritsira ntchito matchati ake osavuta kulongosola zotsatirapo zake zazitali. Kuyendetsa kwake kokakamiza Clinton ndi Bush kuti alankhule za thayo lapadera. Mu 1996, Peroot 8.4% ya kuvota, koma m'ka pambuyo pake chipani cha Reform Partiko.

Ralph Nader (2000, 2004, 2008)

Wochirikiza bungwe la Consumer Ralph Nader anathamanga monga Green Party nominee mu 2000 ndi 2004, ndipo monga wodziimira mu 2008. Mkupiti wake wa 2000 unasumika maganizo pa ulamuliro wa kampani, chitetezo cha malo okhala, ndi kusamala za thanzi la anthu onse. Iye analandira 2.74% ya voti ya dzikolo, koma Florida, boma linagamulidwa ndi 537vwolo, Nader adalandira mavoti . Naders adatsutsa kuti Naderpost" kusankhidwa kwa Al Gore. Nader mwiniyo anatsutsa zimenezi, kusonyeza zinthu zina monga chigamulo cha Supreme Court ku Bush. Govern ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu cha Democracracism amene anavotera mlandu wa Pat Butteron chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa kwa nkhani, ngakhale kuti panali mkangano wa anthu wachitatu. Nader adalembanso mlandu wotsatira m'nkhani yake ya 2008 ndi kuchirikiza malonda pang’kulimbana ndi kuchirikiza chikalata cha Democratic.

Jesse Ventura (1998)

Jesse Ventura, yemwe kale anali katswiri wa mpikisano ndi Navy , adachita monga wosankha Reform Party pa kazembe wa Minnesota mu 1998. Atachita pulojekiti yokhumudwa ndi magulu aŵiri aakulu, adapanga mpikisano pa pulatifomu ya kampani ya kampani ya zachuma, ufulu wa anthu, ndi kusintha kwa boma. Anawina 37% ya mavoti a mpikisano wa njira zitatu, kugonjetsa onse aŵiri Democratic Republic ndi Democratic in Cumbants. Chilakiko cha Ventura chinasonyeza kuti munthu wachitatu wotchuka angapambane mu boma mpikisano waukulu. Monga kazembe, adapanganso msonkho wa katundu ndi kusonkhezera ndawala yake ya ndawala, ngakhale kuti anadziwonetseranso kupambana ndi kupambana kwa anthu ena odzilamulira ufulu ndi kugonjetsa ufulu wa chiwo.

Mbali ya Mapwando Achitatu m’Kukonzanso Malamulo

Kupyola m'mikupiti ya munthu mmodzi, mbali yachitatu yakhala ndi malabola akale kaamba ka malingaliro amene pambuyo pake amalandiridwa mofala. Chifuniro cha Party ya Populist cha msonkho wa malipiro opita patsogolo ndi kusankhira mwachindunji kwa aisenator chinakhala masinthidwe a lamulo la lamulo mu 1913. Chipani cha Socialist Party chakhala chopereka ntchito za maola asanu ndi atatu za tsiku la tsiku la tsiku, inshuwalansi ya ulo, ndi Social Security inalandiridwa ndi New Factory Conflictive. Posachedwapa, Liberian Party’s kukakamiza kwa kuvomerezedwa kwalamulo, ufulu wa zamankhwala, ndi Azakuti Azakuti a Federal Reserve Reservel Reservet agwirizana ndi magulu ambiri a ndalets, ngakhale chipambano m'zandale zadziko.

Kusintha Kochititsa Chidwi ndi Mtsogolo mwa Anthu Odziimira Paokha

Kulimbikira kwa oyembekezera kusankhidwa okha ndi apa chigawo chachitatu kwasonkhezera malingaliro a kukonza masinthidwe a dongosolo losankhira. Kuvota komaliza kwa kampani (RCV) , tsopano kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu Maine, Alaska, ndi masankho ambiri a makampani, kumalola osankhidwa kukhala osankhidwa popanda kusankhidwa. Pansi pa 2020, Alaska, ngati palibe wosankhidwa amene amapeza malo ambiri, womalizira wachotsedwa ndi kuvota. Dongoli limachepetsa “vuto lachiswero", popeza kuti Revita angachirikize mbali yachitatu yapadera yosankha. M'po Alaska, Ovomerezedwa ndi Osankhidwa pa masankhoti onse, mu 20222, ndipo 202, Democractract C Creat pulogalamu yapadera pansi pa chisankhoti, Salan ndi kugoma. Chivoti chinanso: [itikitiki, chokhoza kulola kuthandizira kuvomereza ndi kuwonjezera chivoti, chivoti, chimene chivoti chochepa. Chomwe chapo, chimene chivoti, chimene chi

Malamulo onga kutsitsa mipata ya kuloŵa, kupereka ndalama kwa anthu a mbali zitatu, ndi kukhazikitsa malo oimira mipando ya malamulo amayang'aniranso kulinganiza malo oseŵera. Fairvote [1] Falvote [1] imatsutsa kuti kusintha koteroko kungawonjezere chosankha cha wovota ndi kutengamo mbali pamene akuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa dziko. Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kumayang'anizana ndi chitsutso champhamvu kuchokera ku magulu aŵiri aakulu, amene amapindula ndi dongosolo lamakono.

Magulu Oyendera ndi Achitatu

Mu 2010 ndi 2020, magulu atsopano a magawo atatu abuka. [[FLT: 0] Gulu la Opaleshoni lakhala likufunsidwa nthaŵi zonse pafupifupi 1-3% m'masankho a pulezidenti, ndi Gary Johnson atapambana 3.3% mu 2016. Kagulu kachigwaka [ka] kayanidwa [[FLT: 3] kadakhala ndi mavuto a mkati koma n’kukhalabe okangalikabebe pamlingo wa dziko. Mu 2020, “oŵerengeka oyembekezera, monga Kanye West, anayesa kupeza chilo, ngakhale kuti ambiri analephera. Mokulira, kukwera kwa anyuzi a manyuzipepala kwalola opatulapo osunga zipata, kukweza ndalama ndi kumanga nyumba zonga za Twikice, Tukbe, ndi Ttoke, Tobn, Tome, Tome. [Fok] Ad Figson: [Fok]

Kumaliza

Osankha okha ndi apansi achitatu ali ndi mbiri yotchuka yobweretsa nkhani zatsopano kutsogolo, kusonkhezera mapulatifomu aakulu, ndi kupambana nthaŵi zina. Zolepheretsa zawo za ntchito . Kulephera kulowa m'mabungwe , kuthandizira magawo, kunyalanyaza, ndi kukayikira kwa ofufuza. Kusakhutira ndi kuchepa kwa malo ndi malo oonekera bwino kwachititsa anthu ena kupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu awiri. Electoral , makamaka kusanthula kwapadera, kungachepetse zotsatirapo zowononga zinthu ndi kupanga oyembekezera achitatu kukhala othandiza. Pamene dziko landale likusintha, lodziimira lokha ndi lachitatu linzake, lipitirizabe kutumikira monga ngati kuyang'anira mbali ziŵiri za duypo, zimene zingasungidwebe ntchito.