Lamulo la kuwopsa kwa kaŵiri liri chitetezo chalamulo chotsimikizirika chosungidwa mu Demetrition yachisanu ku United States Constitution, likumapereka kuti palibe munthu amene adza "kuvutitsidwa kaamba ka chitsutso chimodzimodzicho kuikidwa ku ngozi ya moyo kapena kuikidwa kumbali ziŵiri. Chiphunzitsochi chimagwira ntchito monga kuyang'anira kowopsa pa mphamvu ya oweruza, kuletsa boma kuchititsa munthu kuvutitsidwa, kuwonongetsa, ndi kutsendereza kwa malingaliro kwa ziyeso zambiri kaamba ka kulakwa konenedwa. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwake kumavuta kwambiri kutchula za kulakwa kwa boma ndi boma lachikulu. Kumvetsetsa mbali ya kuwopa kulakwa kwa kaŵiri kochitidwa ndi boma chifukwa cha kutetezera milandu yobwerezabwereza kaŵiri kwa boma chifukwa cha kulakwa kukufuna kutayana magwero kochitidwa ndi lamulo, chiphunzitso cha uchifumu chachikhalidwe chachikulu, ndi kulongosola kosiyana kwamakono. Nkhani imeneyi imapereka kulakwa kwa kuyang'ka kumbuyo kwa lamulo la boma kwa lamulo lomveka, kutsutsa chigamu.

Maziko a Malamulo a Maupandu Aŵiri

Chiletso cha kuletsa ngozi ziŵiri ndi chimodzi cha zitetezero zakale kwambiri ku Anglo - America. Chiyambi chake chinayambira ku lamulo lakale lachigiriki ndi Roma, ndipo chinali lamulo lokhazikitsidwa bwino m'malamulo a Chingelezi kalelo asanakhazikitse United States. Lamulo la Fifeth Reconsoletion [Chikalata cha Firvect Jeopardy Claus] linavomerezedwa mu 1791 monga mbali ya Bill of Rights, kusonyeza kusakhulupirira kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya boma yosatsekedwa. Chikalatacho sichimaletsa kumangidwanso kwachiŵiri; chimateteza kulakwa kwachiŵiri kwa mlanduwo pambuyo pa kulakwa kokhululukidwa, mlandu wachiŵiri chifukwa cha mlandu womwewo pambuyo pa kuvomerezedwa, ndi chilango cha chitsutso chochuluka cha mlanduwo.

Khoti Lapamwamba lakhala ndi malingaliro akuti ngati wozengedwa mlandu waŵiri aikidwa pa kalamulo ndi kulumbira, kapena pamene woweruza ayamba kumva umboni pa mlandu wapabenchi. Pakangoikidwa chiwopsezo, woimbidwa mlanduyo ali ndi kuyenera komaliza mlanduwo. Ngati wozengedwa mlanduyo afuna kutsutsa woimbidwa mlanduyo pambuyo pa kukhululukidwa, bwalo lamilandu liyenera kuchotsa mlanduwo ngati wina walephera. Chitetezero chimenechi sichimangosonyeza kuikidwa kwa munthu; chigamulo chapansi pa chigamulo cha ulamuliro wa boma. Monga momwe Bwalo linanenera mu [FL: 0] United States ndi V. Diflact1. [FL.Foct1], 449.U.U. , 218]

Mofunika kwambiri, chiwiriki cha ngozizo chimagwira ntchito ponse paŵiri ku mabwalo a boma ndi boma mwa chiphunzitso choikidwa. mu Benton v. Maryland , 395 U.S. 784 (1969), Khoti Lalikulu limakhulupirira kuti Servement Claus wa Geneth Reconsole imapangitsa kuti Boma la Jeopardy Claus likhale lokwanira kukhazikitsa malamulo. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti palibe boma limene lingayeseze mlandu womwewo pambuyo pa mlandu kapena chigamulo cha mabwalo a bomalo. Komabe, funso la kaya ngati woweruza boma angatsatire boma likhoza kuweruza mlandu . kapena kuchita choipa china chilichonse pa malo opatulidwa, amene achititsa kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana ndi kutsutsana.

Kukula kwa Chiphunzitso cha Uchifumu cha Utatu m’Nthaŵi Yakale

Chiphunzitso cha uchifumu cha aŵiri chinatuluka m'makhoti oyambirira osamalira unansi pakati pa boma ndi maboma a boma. Mlandu wa maziko ndiwo United States v. Lanza . Lanza ., U.S. 377 (1922), kumene Khoti linanena kuti munthu angaikidwe mlandu ndi boma la Washington ndi boma la boma la boma la boma kaamba ka ntchito yopanga ndi kugulitsa chakumwa. Khotilo linalingalira kuti kachitidweko kangakhale mlandu pa maulamuliro aŵiri osiyana . . Bomalo linalingalira kuti boma ndi dziko ndi dziko la United States silimatsutsana mlandu wina ndi lina. Chiphunzitsocho chimadalira pa mfundo yakuti boma ndi maboma andale, limakhala ndi mphamvu zawo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo limakhala ndi ulamuliro wosiyana pa maulamuliro. Upanduwo ndi ulamuliro waudindowo sulikana mlandu wotsutsana ndi ufulu wa United States.

Chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wa aŵiri chinatsimikiziridwa ndi kufutukulidwa mu Bartkus v. Illinois [1], 359 U.S.1959, kumene Khoti linanena kuti boma lalololeza kulanda kubanki silinasunge mlandu wotsatira wa kuba. Khotilo linagogomezera kuti maboma aŵiriwo ali ndi zolinga zawo pokhazikitsa malamulo awo. Momwemo, Abbate v. United States , U. 187], (199), Khoti linasunga chigamu cha chigamu cha kuwononga chuma chosaletsa chiwembu kusakaza malo. Nkhani zimenezi sizimakhazikitsa ulamuliro wa United States [FLT] ndi kutsutsa chiphunzitso cha American. Linalo limatsutsa lamulo lamphamvu.

Posachedwapa, Khoti Lalikulu mu Gwiridge v. United States . 587 FLT:1 , U.S. 678 (2089), linatsimikiziranso chiphunzitso cha uchifumu chamitundu iŵiri. Kuzenganso , woimbidwa mlandu anaimbidwa mlandu m'bwalo la Alabama chifukwa cha kusakhala ndi lamulo la mfuti ndiyeno anaimbidwa mlandu wa kuimbidwa mlandu womwewo. Khoti, m'chigamulo 7-2, linakana chigamulo chakuti chiphunzitso cha uchifumu cha mbali ziŵiri ziŵiriyo chimaphwanya Jeopard Claus. Chilungamo, cholembedwa kwa anthu ochuluka, ngakhale chigamulo chovomereze kulakwa. Chigamulo cha chivomerezo chachimodzicho chika. Chigamu chachikulu cha kuvomerezanso chigamumo cha ufulu cha ufulu wa chigamu.

Chiphunzitso cha Uchifumu cha Umodzi Chikutsatiridwa

Chiphunzitso cha uchifumu cha mbali ziŵiri chimatanthauza kuti, pansi pa lamulo lamakono, ngozi yoŵirikiza siimatetezera munthu ku mlandu wa boma kaamba ka mkhalidwe umene unali kale nkhani ya kuchitiridwa mlandu ndi boma. Izi zimagwira ntchito kaya boma likupitabe patsogolo m'kukhululukidwa, kutsimikizika, kapena ngakhale kulakwa. Chotulukapo chenicheni nchakuti munthu amene sapezeka ali ndi liwongo la upandu wa boma samayang'anizanabe ndi mlandu wa boma wa kachitidwe kamodzimodziko, malinga ngati lamulo la boma libisa khalidwelo. Mofananamo, munthu amene wadandaula ndi mlandu wa upandu wa boma angaikidwe mwalamulo kaamba kakhalidwe kofananako. Zimenezi zimapanga dongosolo limene boma limachita bwino monga chopereka chachiŵiri, kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zilango zowopsa.

Chiphunzitso cha uchifumu chachiŵiri chagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuzembetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, milandu ya mfuti, upandu wachiwawa, ndi chinyengo cha azungu. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa kumenyedwa kwa Rodney King, apolisi anayi a Los Angeles anamasulidwa ku milandu ya boma ya kuukira ndi mphamvu yopambanitsa, koma pambuyo pake anaimbidwa mlandu m'khoti la boma chifukwa cha kuswa ufulu wa Mfumu. Mofananamo, oimbidwa mlandu wa chinyengo cha ndalama zapamwamba angayang'ane ndi milandu yachinyengo ndi milandu yachinyengo ya boma ya chiwembu. Boma la boma kaŵirikaŵiri likagamula milandu yonena kuti kuukira boma sikunayenera kapena pamene khalidwe likupangitsa zikondwerero za boma, monga ngati malonda a malonda kapena ufulu wa boma.

Zoletsa pa Ulamuliro wa Pansi pa Ukulu wa Mabanja: "Kachitidwe Kawokha" ndi Zoletsa Zina

Pamene kuli kwakuti chiphunzitso cha uchifumu cha aŵiri chimalola kutsatizana kwa boma ndi boma, Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo ya United States yakhala ndi lamulo la mkati limene kaŵirikaŵiri limaletsa machitidwe oterowo kukhala opanda mikhalidwe yokakamiza. Lamulo limeneli, lodziŵika monga "lamulo la Petete" pambuyo pa mlanduwo Peteite v. United States [[FL:1], 361], U.S. 529 (1960), limafuna oweruza boma kupeza chilolezo cha kumbuyo kwa Msungidwa wa Atyoney General, asanayambitse mlandu wozikidwa pa chivomezo chimodzi chochitidwa kale ndi boma. Chilungamo cha kuletsa kuukira kosafunikira, chuma, kusungitsa chuma, ndi ulemu chomalizira cha boma. Komabe, lamulolo silili lolamulira, ndi lovomerezedwa ndi lamulo lalamulo, ndipo siliyenera kuchitidwa mwalamulo, ndi kulakwa kowopsa, koma kutsutsana ndi kukana kuukira kwauchimwina kwakukulu, kulakwa kwa chiwo, kochitidwa m’chimo, ngakhale, m’ku

Kuwonjezera pa lamulo la Pete, palinso malamulo ena amene angaletse mlandu wachiŵiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati boma ndi maboma a boma akuchita zinthu zongotsatira mfundo za boma kapena ngati mlandu wa boma uli wongofuna kulanda munthu wolakwa, khoti lingapeze kuti chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wa uchifumu wamitundu iŵiri sichikutsatira. Khoti Lapamwamba lapereka lingaliro lakuti kulekana kwa ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira yosavuta pamene maboma aŵiriwo ali osakhaladi odziimira. Komabe, khoti silinavomerezepo kuti kulakwa kapena kugaluzidwa kulakwa koŵirikiza kaŵiri, ndipo mtolo wa wotsutsa mlandu wa kutsimikizira kuti kugalution n’ko.

Colleteral Estopel ndi Nkhani Yodzitsekera

Lamulo lina lofunika pa milandu yotsatizana ya boma ndilo loti likhazikike pa kutsekereza kotsatirapo kwa boma, ndipo lili mkati mwa Jeopardy Claus . Ashe v. Sunson ., 397 U.S. 436 (1970), Khoti Lalikulu linavomereza kuti Courtus Jeopardy Claus amatsekera mlandu wachiŵiri wa mlandu womwewo ndi kuletsanso kugamulanso nkhani iliyonse ya mfundo zazikulu zimene zinagamulidwa m’chiyanjo cha mlandu usanakhale. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ngati boma likanalamula mlandu pa dziko limene silinakhaleko, boma silingalitsenso mfundo yakuti linzakenso mfundo zina. Komabe, kuletsa kuweruza kwenikweni kuweruza mlanduwo ndi kubweretsa zigamu za milandu. Zifukwanizo ndi kusapereka ziganizo za milandu zina.

Njira Zolowera ndi Zoletsa Kuteteza Matenda Aakulu

Chitetezo cha ngozi cha kaŵiri, pamene kuli kwakuti sichiri chotsimikizirika. Kusintha kwina kwabwino kumalola mlandu wachiŵiri ngakhale pa ulamuliro umodzi. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku nkofunika kuŵerengera chitetezo chimene chilipo kwa oimbidwa mlandu.

Kuthetsa Mavuto

Ngati mlandu utha poweruza mlandu chifukwa cha kulakwa kwake posonyeza kufunikira . Mwachitsanzo, juli yopangika, kulakwa kwachibadwa kumene sikungachiritsidwe, kapena imfa kapena kulephera kwa jaji . Woimbidwa mlanduyo angapatsidwenso popanda kuphwanya kuopsa koŵirikiza. Khoti Lapamwamba lanena kuti kulakwa kwa kutsutsa woimbidwa mlandu kumaloledwa kokha ngati kuli "mlingo wapamwamba" wa kufunikira, monga momwe kudziŵikitsidwira mu Arizona v. Washington [1], 434 U.S 497 (17898). Ngati woimbidwa mlandu wa kulakwa kulakwa, nthaŵi zambiri amaloledwa popanda kusonyeza kuyenera. Kuzengedwa kumeneku kutsimikizira kuti kulakwa kulephera kwa mpikisano komwe sikungakhale koyenera kuthangazengedwa kwa kuweruza.

Kupempha ndi Kusintha

M’khoti lalikulu limene limavomereza chitsimikizo ndi kupeza chisinthiko lingayesedwe pokhapo ngati kukonzansoko kunazikidwa pa umboni wosakwanira. Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1.1988), Khoti Lapamwamba linavomereza kuti kugamulanso kuletsedwa ngati khoti la agulenti la milandu lipeza kuti umboni wopezeka pa mlanduwo unali wosakwanira kuchirikiza chitsimikizo. Komabe, ngati kugamulidwako kunazikidwa pa kulakwa kwa mlandu [1] Malangizo olakwika kapena kuvomereza umboni wosayenerera. Lamulo limeneli likhoza kuikidwanso. Lamulo limeneli likulinganiza chikondwerero chomaliza cha woimbidwa mlanduyo pa chifunsinsi ya chikalata chovomerezeko cha boma pambuyo poweruza mlandu.

Kupatukana Kosiyana

Upandu waŵiri sumaletsa kuweruza kotsatizana kwa milandu yosiyana yopangidwa ndi malonda amodzi. "malamulo aŵiriwo" opangidwa mu tamburgr v. United States, 284 U.S.9 [1932], amafunsa ngati mlandu uliwonse uli ndi mbali imene winayo sakuchita. Ngati malamulo aŵiriwo amafuna umboni wa chenicheni, amalingaliridwa kukhala mlandu wosiyana, ndipo woimbidwayo angaimbidwe mlandu wa onse aŵiri popanda kuswa tsoka. Mwachitsanzo, woimbidwa mlandu ndi kulakwa konseko ndi chiwembu chomwecho chifukwa cha maupandu aŵiriwo ali ndi zinthu zosiyana. Komabe, [FFUF:], kugamutsirako [F4]. [FF4], kugaŵikana kwachidule. [FNU.[4]

Ulamuliro Waumodzi Unapatulidwanso

Monga momwe tafotokozera, kulekana kwa ulamuliro kwa aŵiri ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu koposa m'nkhani za kugwirizana kwa boma. Kumalola boma la boma kuweruza munthu ngakhale pambuyo pa chilolezo chonse, ngati khalidwelo likuswa lamulo la boma. Otsutsa akutsutsa kuti kuchotsa kumeneku kumachepetsa cholinga chachikulu cha kuopsa kwa kaŵiri mwa kulola mwachindunji mtundu wa kutsendereza lamulolo kobwerezabwereza kolinganizidwa kuletsa. Ochirikiza amanena kuti ilo limalemekeza madera osiyanasiyana a boma ndi ulamuliro wa boma ndi kuti maboma onse aŵiri ali ndi chifuno chaumwini potsatira malamulo awo. Nkhaniyo ikupitirizabe, koma tsopano, chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wachiŵiriwo chikukhalabe chokhazikika zolimba m'chigamulo cha Supreme Court.

Malamulo ndi Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Kulimbana pakati pa kuopsa kwa kaŵiri ndi milandu ya boma kumachititsa kuti oweruza ndi maloya a m'boma aone ngati ndi bwino. Pankhani yodzitetezera, kumvetsetsa kuti kukhoza kumanga mlandu boma pambuyo pa mlandu wa boma n’kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale njira yokwanira yochitira zinthu. Ngati wowazengayo ayang'ana mlandu wa zochita zimenenso zikuphwanya lamulo la boma, uphungu uyenera kuzindikira kuti kuchotsedwa m'khoti sikungathetse nkhaniyo. M’nkhani zina, maloya otetezera angayese kukambirana chigamulo chapadziko lonse chimene chimathetsa chigamulo ndi kuonekera kwa boma panthaŵi imodzi. Zimenezi zingaphatikize chikalata chimene chimaphatikizapo chikalata chokhudza kugamula mlandu kwa oweruza a boma kuti asabweretse zinenezo zina, nkhani ya malamulo alionse ogwirizana a boma.

Kwa oweruza, chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wamitundu iŵiri chimapereka chiŵiya chotsimikizira kuti chilungamo chichitidwa ngakhale pamene nkhani za boma zalephera. Komabe, ozenga mlandu a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amaopa kubweretsa mlandu pambuyo pa kukhululukidwa chifukwa cha mavuto andale ndi ofunikira. Lamulo la Petete limafuna kusonyeza chikondwerero chachikulu cha boma, monga ngati kufunika kwa kutsimikizira ufulu wa boma kapena kupereka njira ya kusamvera imene boma lalephera kulanga.

Mlandu wina wofunika kwambiri umaphatikizapo nthaŵi ya kuzenga mlandu kwa boma. Kuwopsa kwa kaŵiri sikumaletsa boma kuimbidwa mlandu usanamalizidwe. Kwenikweni, milandu ya boma ndi ya boma ingayambe panthaŵi imodzi, malinga ngati woimbidwa mlanduyo sanaikidwe pangozi pa nthaŵi iŵiri. Malamulo a mwamsanga angatsekereze, koma kuweruza kwa nthaŵi yomweyo kumalola. Zimenezi zingayambitse nkhani zovuta kwambiri za kuonekera kaŵiri, kumene woimbidwa mlanduyo angayang'ane ndi ziyeso ziŵiri zosiyana ndi zigamulo ziŵiri zothekera za khalidwe limodzi. Malamulo a boma operekera milandu angapereke kapena kukana chifukwa cha zochitika zoterozo, kutsogolera kuchotsa zotsatira zake.

Kusuliza ndi kukonzanso zinthu

Chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro wa aŵiri chachititsa akatswiri a zamalamulo, ochirikiza ufulu wa anthu, ndipo ngakhale oweruza ena. Chitsutso chachikulu nchakuti chimasokoneza cholinga chachikulu cha ngozi ziŵiri mwa kulola mlandu wachiŵiri pambuyo pa kukhululukidwa kapena kutsimikizidwa. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti chiphunzitsocho ndi chopeka cha nyengo yapita ya ulamuliro ndi kuti chiyenera kulamulidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa ndi malamulo. Chilamulo chakumbuyo Ruth Bader Ginsburg, kutsutsana ndi kulakwa kwachiŵiri. United States , kutchedwa chifukwa cha kulingaliridwanso kwa chiphunzitsocho, kulemba kuti "chiyenerera bwino ndi chitetezo cha Jeoparlas Claus adalinganizidwa kusungidwa kuchirikiza lamulo la lamulo lalamulo pambuyo pa malamulo audindo, koma silinayambukire.

Malamulo okonzanso zinthu aphatikizapo malamulo a Congresstion aletsa makhoti a boma ndi a boma omwe amatsatira mfundo zofananazo, kusiyapo nkhani zokhudza kuswa ufulu wa anthu kapena zinthu zina za boma. Bipartan "Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa Malamulo kwa Malamulo kwachitika m'chaka cha 2021. Kusintha kulikonse kumeneko kudzakhala kosatsimikizika. Malamulo ena a boma angafunikire kuti boma lichotse mankhwala onse a boma lisanabweretse chiweruzo, kapena kukakhazikitsa lamulo loletsa milandu iŵiri imene ingathetsedwe ndi umboni womveka bwino wa chivomerezo. Ngati kusintha kulikonseko kudzakhala ndi phindu losatsimikizirika, koma nkhaniyo ikupitirizabe kuyambitsa chikondwerero pakati pa opanga malamulo ndi olemba nkhani.

Ochirikiza chiphunzitso cha uchifumu wa mbali ziŵiri amatsutsa kuti kutha kwake kungaumirize lamulo la boma mosayenerera ndi kufooketsa zikondwerero zofunika za boma. Amatchula nkhani zimene makhoti aboma akhala ofunika kuti olakwa adziikire mlandu pambuyo pa kulephera kwa boma, monga ngati m'milandu ya ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi milandu yokhudzana ndi ziphuphu. Amatsutsanso kuti chiphunzitsocho chimalemekeza chiyambi cha boma ndi mphamvu za boma ndi kuti kachitidwe kamodzi kangavulazedi boma ndi dziko. Kutsutsana pakati pa malingaliro opikisana ameneŵa kumasonyeza kulinganiza kwa ufulu kwa boma m’dongosolo la boma.

Zitsanzo zothandiza ndi kufufuza za ofufuza

Kuchitira chitsanzo mmene ngozi ndi ulamuliro waŵiri umagwirira ntchito, talingalirani nkhani zingapo zodziŵika. Pambuyo pa kumenyedwa kwa Rodney King kwa 1991, maofesala anayi a polisi a Los Angeles anamasulidwa ku kuukira kwa boma ndi milandu yopambanitsa mu 1992. Boma la boma panthaŵiyo linapereka mlandu kwa maofesala pa zaka 18 za U.S.C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . kupangitsa kuphwanya mwadala ufulu wa munthu pa ufulu wa malamulo awo walamulo pansi pa lamulo. Chitsati chikhale chitsanzo champhamvu cha kugwiritsa ntchito koweruza mlandu, ngakhale kukhoza kuweruza mlandu woweruza wotsatira.

Chitsanzo china ndi kugulitsa mankhwala. Boma la boma kaŵirikaŵiri limagwiritsira ntchito chiphunzitso cha uchifumu cha mbali ziŵiri kuweruza anthu amene aimbidwa mlandu m'khoti la boma kaamba ka milandu ya anamgoneka, makamaka pamene zigamulo za boma zionedwa kukhala zolekerera kwambiri. Pansi pa lamulo la boma "drug malpin" lalamulo, oweruza a boma angabweretse milandu yofanana ndi mlandu wa boma koma kunyamula zigamulo zambiri. M’zochitika zina, oweruza a boma akhala akufuna chilango cha imfa cha kupha anthu ophedwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amene anazengedwa kale m’khoti. Kuzenga mlandu wapamwamba wa mbuye wa anamgoneka Joaquín "El Chamán" Guzmán adaloŵetsamo milandu yonse ya ku Mexico ndi U.

Chitsanzo chachitatu chimaphatikizapo chisalungamo cha anthu. United States v. Bruno[FLT :1], yemwe kale anali wolankhula wa New York State Assembly, Sheldon Silver, anaimbidwa mlandu m'khoti la boma chifukwa cha ziphuphu, ngakhale kuti ena mwa makhalidwe anali nkhani ya kufufuza kwa boma kumene sikunapereke mlandu. Chikhululukiro cha boma chinachirikizidwa pa apilo, ndipo Khoti Lapamwamba linakana kupendedwa. Mlandulo umenewu umasonyeza mmene ulamuliro wa boma umalolera boma kulondola milandu yachinyengo ngakhale pamene akuluakulu aboma a boma alephera kuchitapo kanthu.

Kumaliza: Kufunika kokhalitsa kwa ngozi ziŵiri

Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa malamulo kumakhalabe chitetezo cha boma pa kuchenjera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa mphamvu ya boma. Pankhani ya mgwirizano wa boma, chiphunzitso cha ulamuliro chamitundu iŵiri chimapanga malo ovuta alamulo pamene kachitidwe kamodzi kangatsogolere ku kumangidwa kochuluka. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiphunzitsocho chasulizidwa kuchotsa chitetezo cha Mapempho a Mabanja Aŵiri a Chipani cha America ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zofunika za boma posankha milandu. Anthu opalamula malamulo aupandu, kuzindikira malire ake ndi kulephera kwake kofunikira kupanga zosankha zofunsira, njira zopimira, ndi zopimira mlandu. Monga momwe nkhani zopimira za lamulo zopitira. Monga mmene nkhani zalamulo zachimo zikupitiriza: Munthu safunikira kusankhidwa ndi kugawana kwa chiwopsezo, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zigawa. [F1]