Table of Contents

Kumvetsetsa Maboma Ena a ku America

Pamene kuli kwakuti ndale zadziko zimalamulira mitu yankhani ndi mikangano ya mayanjano a anthu, maboma amene amaumba moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa Amereka amayendetsa pafupi kwambiri ndi nyumba. Maboma adziko amalamulira mkhalidwe wa maphunziro a ana anu, chisungiko cha misewu yanu, mtengo wa chisamaliro chanu cha zaumoyo, misonkho imene mumalipira, ndipo ngakhale ngati mungagule mwalamulo kapena kunyamula chida chobisika. Maboma 50 ameneŵa, limodzi ndi malamulo ake, malamulo, ndi chikhalidwe cha ndale, ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu imene kaŵirikaŵiri imaposa mphamvu ya boma pa moyo wa nzika.

mphamvu ya maboma a boma ikufika patali kwambiri kuposa zimene anthu ambiri a ku America amazindikira. Maboma amalemba antchito 5.5 miliyoni (oyerekezera ndi 2.1 miliyoni antchito wamba a boma), kuwonongera ndalama zoposa $.6 thililiyoni pachaka, ndi kupanga pafupifupi 90% ya zigamulo za boma zokhudza nzika mwachindunji. Kuyambira pa zikalata zokhala ndi imfa mpaka ku imfa, kuyambira ku sukulu ya sukulu mpaka ku koleji, kuchokera ku laisensi ya ukwati mpaka ku mabizinesi, maboma amakhudza zochitika zazikulu zonse za moyo ndi zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. [Kuzindikira [[FLT:]] maboma amachitapo kanthu kena ndi mmene amagwirira ntchito yofunika kaamba ka unziko ndi kukhala ndi kukhala ndi phande kwa ndale zadziko.

Maziko a Ulamuliro wa Boma

Falials: Dongosolo Lapadera la ku America la Mphamvu

United States ikugwira ntchito pansi pa dongosolo la boma limene limagawanitsa ulamuliro pakati pa maboma a dziko ndi maboma. Mosiyana ndi madongosolo aunyinji kumene mphamvu zonse zimachokera pakati, American [[FLT: 0] dederalism ndi mphamvu ya boma [ imapanga malo ambiri a ulamuliro, iriyonse pakati pa chigawo chake chachikulu.

Mpambo wa khumi [ umasunga mwachindunji mphamvu ya boma: "Maulamuliro amene sanapatsidwe ku United States ndi Malamulo, kapena oletsedwa ndi iwo ku United States, amasungidwa ku United States, kapena kwa anthu.

Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti:

  • mphamvu za polisi [: Ulemu wochuluka wa kulamulira thanzi, chisungiko, makhalidwe, ndi ubwino
  • Maulamuliro osungidwa: Maulamuliro onse amene sanaperekedwe mwachindunji ku boma lolamulira
  • Mphamvu zanthaŵi ino: Kugaŵana ndi boma la boma (msonkho, kusungitsa lamulo)
  • Salority : Kutetezera ku milandu yambiri popanda chilolezo

Kusintha kwa Ulamuliro wa Boma

Masinthidwe a mphamvu ya boma :

1789-1860: Dual Federalism Era[

  • Maboma ndi boma la boma lolamulidwa m’madera osiyanasiyana
  • Mayiko ndi amene ankalamulira zinthu zambiri m’banja
  • Boma la boma la Federal linasamalira chitetezo, malamulo achilendo, malonda a m’mayiko ena

1860-1930: Kufutukuka kwa Nkhondo ya Pambuyo pa Nkhondo

  • 14 Demetri Yachitanso Ntchito Yokonza Malamulo Yoona za Ufulu wa Anthu inathandiza kuti boma likhale ndi ufulu wochita zinthu
  • Mphamvu ya boma inakula kupyolera m’mawu a malonda
  • Mayiko akhalabe ndi ulamuliro waukulu wa m’banja

1930-190: Couperative Federalism

  • Ntchito yatsopano yofutukula boma
  • Lamulo la boma lokhudza kupereka mphatso
  • Mayiko anayendetsa ntchito za boma

Poweruka: New Federalism/D evolution

  • Reagan anabwezeretsa ulamuliro m’mayiko ena
  • Malamulo oletsedwa popanda kuvomerezedwa
  • Maboma anakhala “mabungwe a demokrase"
  • Kusintha kwa malamulo oyendetsera zinthu kunayamba

Maulamuliro a Boma la Boma la Core ndi Mathayo

Maphunziro: Tanthauzo la Boma

Kulamulira kwa chigawo pa zamaphunziro kumakhudza ophunzira 50 miliyoni K-12 ndi ophunzira 20 miliyoni a pakoleji:

[[ML:0] K-12 Ulamuliro wa Maphunziro [[FULT:1]

  • Miyezo ya maphunziro ndi ziyeneretso za kumaliza maphunziro
  • Kuyesa ndi kuyesa maprogramu openda
  • Kulembetsa aphunzitsi ndi miyezo yaukatswiri
  • Kusukulu kumapereka ndalama zothandizira kukonza njira zoyendetsera sukulu ndi kugaŵira
  • Chilolezo cha sukulu ya tchatar
  • Malamulo a Sukulu
  • Kufunika kwa maphunziro apadera
  • Kalendala ya kusukulu ndi maola
  • Kusankha buku la texbook (ena amatero)

[[ML:0] Control ya Maphunziro yapamwamba kwambiri [:

  • Madongosolo a yunivesiti ya onse ndi kuyang’anira
  • Kuchuluka kwa anthu ogula katundu m’masukulu a boma
  • Maprogramu a chithandizo chandalama
  • Madongosolo a koleji a anthu
  • Maphunziro a ntchito zosiyanasiyana
  • Kafufuze zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa yunivesite
  • Malamulo ndi malamulo a m’kampu

[[FULT:0] Chisonkhezero cha Kutulutsa [:

  • Maboma amapereka 47% ya K-12 ya ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama ($350 biliyoni pachaka)
  • Malipiro a nyumba za anthu a m’deralo ndi 45%
  • Boma la Federal lokha 8%
  • Ndalama zowonongedwa pa Per-pizill zimayambira pa $7,000 (Utah) kufika pa $24,000 (New York)

Kusamalira Thanzi ndi Thanzi la Anthu Onse

Mphamvu za za zaumoyo za m'dziko zimayambukira kulowa, mtundu, ndi mtengo:

[[Kusintha:0] Kusintha [[Kusintha:1]:

  • Kuvomereza kupima kwa premium
  • Malamulo a kukwaniritsa chikalata
  • Zofunika za kulephera kuchita zinthu pa Intaneti
  • Kuteteza anthu
  • Makampani a inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo

[[Nkhanu:0] Uyang'aniro wa kuyang'anira

  • Kupima ndi kupima zachipatala
  • Kusamalira malamulo apanyumba
  • Malamulo a zamankhwala
  • Malamulo a Kazembe
  • Mautumiki a zamankhwala amwadzidzidzi

Ulamuliro wa Zaumoyo wa Pachigamulo :

  • Kuyang’aniridwa ndi Matenda Ndiponso Kupereka Malipoti
  • Ziyeneretso za Katemera
  • Mphamvu za m’thupi
  • Kufufuza koyenera m’malesitilanti
  • Mitengo ya madzi
  • Thanzi la Zachilengedwe
  • Mautumiki a zamaganizo
  • Maprogramu ogwiritsira ntchito molakwa

Administration Medicaid:

  • Kutsimikiza mtima
  • Muzigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zimene mwalandira
  • Ndalama zothandizira anthu osowa
  • Mapangano a chisamaliro
  • Aamereka 75 miliyoni anawonongedwa

Chilungamo Chaupandu ndi Kukakamiza Chilamulo

Madongosolo a milandu a m'dziko akugwira 95% ya milandu yonse:

[[ML:0] Kukakamiza :

  • Apolisi a boma / olondera malo apamwamba (apolisi 50,000)
  • Malamulo a Apandu ndi Zilango
  • Madongosolo achiweruzo a anthu oweruza
  • Kuchotsa Mayeso
  • Kuchitidwa mautumiki
  • Kutetezedwa ndi Mboni

[[FULT:0] Madongosolo a Court :

  • Makhoti a milandu (oweruza 300,000)
  • Makhoti ozenga mlandu
  • Makhoti aakulu
  • Makhoti apadera (mankhwala, thanzi lamaganizo, odziŵa za nyengo yakale)
  • Kusankha Jury ndi malamulo
  • Zitsogozo za Alamu

[[FUL:0] Kutembenuzidwa [[[ML:1]:

  • Akaidi 1.2 miliyoni ali m’ndende
  • Mandende a m’chigawo (akaidi 750,000)
  • Kuwongolera kwa M’chitaganya
  • Maprogramu ochiritsa
  • chilango cha imfa (maboma 27)
  • Kuyenera kwa Akaidi

Zoyendera Ndiponso Zinthu Zowonongeka

Woyang'anira za mayendedwe wa m'dziko amasunga mitchato yosuliza:

Masiteshoni a nyukiliya [:

  • Misewu ya anthu onse yotalika makilomita 4 miliyoni
  • Kusamalira msewu wa m’mphepete mwa msewu
  • Kumanga msewu waukulu wa boma
  • Kufufuza ndi kukonzanso milatho
  • Kuchotsa chipale chofewa ndi kuchikonza
  • Malo opumira ndi mautumiki

[[ML:0] Kusanthula ndi Kulembetsa :

  • Laisensi ya woyendetsa galimoto (230 miliyoni)
  • Kulembetsa
  • Kugulitsa malonda a oyendetsa galimoto
  • Malamulo a pamsewu ndi kusungitsa malamulo
  • Ziyeneretso za inshuwalansi
  • Kufufuza za Chitetezo

Zoyendera za Pabuluc :

  • Madongosolo a transi
  • Mabwalo a ndege (poyera)
  • Magombe ndi madoko
  • Masewera a rail
  • Ntchito za Ferry

Kuwongolera ndi Kupita Patsogolo Kwazachuma

Maulamuliro a zachuma a mkhalidwe wa zamalonda

[[ML:0] Kusintha kwa malonda [[[ML:1]:

  • Kulemba mameseji
  • Kukonza makampani (madokotala, maloya, ndi omanga nyumba)
  • Kuteteza anthu ogula
  • Lamulo la kubanki (mabanki apadera)
  • Kuyang’anira makampani a inshuwalansi
  • Lamulo la Malamulo
  • Lamulo la Utility

[[ML:0] Malamulo a Chitetezo [[[ML:1]:

  • Malipiro ochepera (maboma 30 pamwamba pa chigawo cha boma)
  • Malamulo a nthaŵi yochuluka
  • Malipiro a Antchito
  • Inshuwalansi ya ulova
  • Malamulo a ntchito yamanja (maboma 27)
  • Kuntchito kuli chitetezo
  • Paid pamafunikira kuchoka

Chitukuko cha kampani

  • Zimene Zimalimbikitsa Kupereka Msonkho
  • Malo ozungulira madera ozungulira
  • Kukula kwa ntchito
  • Katundu wa ndalama
  • Kupititsa patsogolo maulendo
  • Maofesi a zamalonda a m’mayiko osiyanasiyana

Nthambi Yoyang’anira: Bwanamkubwa monga CEOs

Mphamvu za Kachilombo Kochititsa Chidwi

Ulamuliro wa Governors kaŵirikaŵiri uposa mphamvu ya pulezidenti m'malo awo:

[[FULT:0] Mphamvu zotsatizana [[[ML:1]:

  • Kuika akuluakulu a boma zikwi zambiri
  • Mabungwe a boma olunjika
  • Oyang’anira nkhani za pa Intaneti
  • Perekani bajeti
  • Zilengezo za Ngozi
  • Chifundo ndi Kukhululukira
  • Lamulo la Chitetezo cha Dziko (nthaŵi ya mtendere)

[[ML:0] Mphamvu za kugawana [[[ML:1]:

  • Veto lamulo (m'kati mwa tekyumuveto m’maboma 44)
  • Kuimba mafoni
  • Lamulo Loti Muchite
  • Boma limapereka maadiresi
  • Mfundo za bajeti

[[ML:0] Malire ndi Zisankho za Mtengo [[FULT:1]:

  • 36 imati: Mawu a zaka zinayi
  • 14 imanena kuti: palibe malire a mawu
  • Virginia: Pali mawu amodzi okha
  • Chisankho cha zaka zambiri chimateteza anthu ku zochitika za m’mayiko

Zochita ndi Chiyambukiro cha Kazembe Wokhoza Kudziŵika

Zitsanzo zaposachedwapa za mphamvu ya jimene imathandiza :

Kuyankha kwa COVID-19 (20-2023) [1]

  • Malo otsekerako malamulo oyambukira mamiliyoni
  • Malamulo ndi ziletso
  • Malonda atsekedwa ndipo pali malire a ntchito
  • Zofunika za katemera
  • Malamulo a sukulu
  • Kuwononga Ndalama Mwadzidzidzi

[Kuyankha kwa Tsoka la Kuthambo]

  • Malamulo oletsa kusuta a mphepo ya mkuntho
  • Kulengeza za ngozi yamoto
  • Kugwirizana kwa chivomerezo cha Chigumula
  • Mapempho a chithandizo chatsoka
  • Alonda a Dziko Lonse Atumizidwa

[[FUL:0] Papality Leadership:

  • Kusintha kwa maphunziro ku Florida pansi pa Desantis
  • Kuzungulira kwa nyengo kwa California pansi pa wailesi ya kanema
  • Malo a malire a Texas pansi pa Abbott
  • Pulogalamu ya maziko ya Michigan pansi pa Whitmer

Malamulo a Boma: Nthambi ya Anthu

Ntchito Yomanga Nyumba

Gulu la malamulo la boma [ :

timasiteshoni za Bicameral (magawo 49):

  • Nyumba za Malamulo: Mamembala 30 - 67
  • Nyumba/Assembues: Mamembala 40-400
  • Masewera: Chaka ndi chaka, zaka za chaka, kapena zochepa chabe
  • Malire a malire: 15

[[ML:0] Nebraska' Umboni wa magetsi

  • 49 Senators
  • Chisankho cha Onpartisan
  • Wapadera mu Amereka

Maulamuliro ndi Kachitidwe ka Malamulo

Ulamuliro wa boma wa malamulo [:

[[ML:0] Develo yopanga malamulo [:

  • 40,000+ mafaindi amene amayambitsidwa chaka chilichonse m’dziko lonselo
  • 25% imakhala lamulo
  • Patulani mphamvu zonse zokhala
  • Dera mavetoe
  • Kusintha kwa Lamulo

Ulamuliro wa chitokoso [:

  • Ndalama zonse za boma
  • Lamulo la msonkho
  • Chilolezo cha Ngongole
  • Kuyang’anira kochitidwa
  • Kupenda ntchito

Kufutukula Madamu oposerapo :

  • Kufufuza kwa Agency
  • Kutsimikizira kuti wamva
  • Kulamulira
  • Kupenda lamulo lauyang’aniro
  • Zopereka zoloŵa m’dzuŵa

Lamulo la Nthaŵi Yapadera Linakwaniritsidwa

Opanga malamulo ambiri a boma amakhala otenga nthaŵi:

  • Avareji ya malipiro: $35,000
  • Utali wa chigawo: masiku 30 kuzungulira chaka
  • Anthu ambiri amapita kuntchito
  • Kuthandiza antchito ochepa
  • Akatswiri a malamulo a boma amatsutsa chitsanzo cha anthu opanga malamulo a nzika.

Makhoti a Boma: Malamulo Oyenderana ndi Chiweruzo

Khoti

Madongosolo achiweruzo a m'dziko [ a pulogalamu 100 miliyoni chaka chilichonse:

[[ML:0] Makhoti a Chigamulo [[Mbali:1]

  • Makhoti a malamulo a boma
  • Makhoti Opanda Malire
  • Makhoti apadera
  • Makhoti aang’ono
  • Makhoti a zamalonda

[[FUL:0] Makhoti a Appellate:

  • Kuchonderera kwa pakati (40 State)
  • Makhoti a zikondwerero zomalizira
  • Kupenda mwanzeru
  • Kuchonderera kwa Chilango

Kumasulira Lamulo la Boma

Malamulo a m'Chikhalidwe [ kaŵirikaŵiri amapereka zoyenera zazikulu kuposa za boma:

Zitsanzo za M’njira Yapadera [:

  • Zoyenera zaumwini (11 zimafotokoza momveka bwino)
  • Zoyenera za malo okhala (6 maboma)
  • Maphunziro monga kuyenera kwapadera (maboma ena)
  • Zoyenera zofanana (maboma 25)
  • Kuyenera kwa kuchitiridwa nkhanza (maboma onse)

Njira Zosankha Zachiweruzo

[[FUL:0] Mmene maboma amasankhira oweruza [

  • Zosankha (22 maboma)
  • Kusankha njira yochitira zinthu ndi chimbuna (maboma 24)
  • Kuikidwa kwa munthu wodwala matenda otupa m’thupi (maboma anayi)
  • Kuikidwa kwa malamulo (maboma)
  • Makompyuta opangidwa ndi nyukiliya

Boma: Kulinganizika Kopita Patsogolo

Madera a Boma Lopanda Magazi

Kumene maboma amatsogolera [:

  • Malamulo a m’banja (ukwati, chisudzulo, kusunga ana)
  • Lamulo la katundu
  • Lamulo lophwanya malamulo
  • Malamulo a zidole
  • Lamulo la akatswiri
  • Kupangidwa kwa boma lakwawo
  • Malonda a m’mayiko ena

Chiyeso cha Mgwirizano

[[FL:0] Kumene lamulo la boma limalamulira [:

  • Kusungitsa kuthaŵa kwawo
  • Kuwononga Ndalama
  • Paten ndi chilolezo cha kukonza
  • Malonda a m’mayiko ena
  • Kuyenera kwa nzika
  • Kuchepa kwa malo okhala
  • Kuntchito kulibe chitetezo chokwanira

Kugwirizana

[[FL:0] Udindo wogaŵanidwa [:

  • Medicaid (ndalama za boma, uyang’aniro wa boma)
  • Kuteteza malo okhala
  • Zoyendera
  • Maphunziro (ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito, kulamulira boma)
  • Kulabadira tsoka
  • Kusungitsa malamulo

Kukonzanso Kachitidwe: Maboma Monga Malo Ogwirira Ntchito

Kuyesa Kwachipambano kwa Boma

Ziyambi za chigawo zimene zinayendera dziko lonse [:

[[MTL:0] Zitsanzo za Mapimelo [[FULT:1]:

  • Mphepo ya akazi (Wyoming, 1869)
  • Chisankho chachikulu (Wisconsin, 1903)
  • Inshuwalansi ya ulova (Wisconsin, 1932)
  • Kugwirizana kwa anthu wamba (Vermont, 2000)

[['FL:0] Inverses:

  • Kusintha kwa umoyo wa Massachusetts → Lamulo Lofunika
  • Miyezo ya kutulutsa mpweya wa ku California → Kulera ana
  • Kuloledwa mwalamulo ndi mbanje → Kufalikira m’dziko lonselo
  • Alaska amapeza ndalama zambiri →

Kusiyana kwa Mfundo za Boma la Masiku Ano

Kusiyana kwa malamulo a Chimagemu ndi boma:

[[ML:0] . .[Kusintha:1]:

  • Palibe msonkho wa ndalama: 9
  • Palibe msonkho wa malonda: 5
  • Msonkho wachinyengo: 11 amaboma
  • Malire apamwamba: 0% mpaka 13.3%

[[ML:0] Politili [[[ML:1]

  • Marijuana: Maboma 38 (zamankhwala), 24 (zosangalatsa)
  • Chilango cha imfa: 27
  • Kuyenera kufa: 10
  • Kuchotsa mimba: MaDobb a pa Prese

[[ML:0] Polishi ya zachuma [[FULT:1]:

  • Malipiro ochepera: $7.25 kufika ku $0.0
  • Kuchokera kumanja kupita kuntchito: 27
  • Malo opita ku tchuthi cha Paid: 11
  • Malamulo a mphamvu yamagetsi: Malamulo oyenera kukonzedwanso amasiyanasiyana

Mmene Boma Limakhudzira Moyo Wanu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Kusintha kwa Boma Kufikira Usiku

A tsiku lililonse la malo okhudzana ndi zochitika :

[[ML:0] Morning[[[ML:1]:

  • Akulira nthaŵi ya wotchi (kusunga tsiku)
  • Madzi abwino (boma limapereka malamulo)
  • Kutetezeka kwa chakudya chozizira (chofufuzidwa ndi boma)
  • Kuulutsa nkhani (m’mayiko ena)
  • Malamulo a pamsewu (komu)

[[FUL:0] Tsiku la ntchito [

  • Zofunika za laisensi
  • Kuntchito
  • Malamulo a malipiro ochepa
  • Zomwe mukufunika kuchita
  • Kupereka malipo a antchito

[[FUL:0] Kuwonjeza [1]

  • Kosi ya sukulu ya ana
  • Kugula malamulo a mowa
  • Malamulo a zaumoyo oletsa kupuma
  • Laisensi yosangulutsa
  • Malire a Kusoŵa Ulimi

[[ML:0] Kupyola [:

  • Kugula zinthu kumagulitsa msonkho
  • Msonkho wa katundu panyumba
  • Malamulo a inshuwalansi
  • Kupeza njira yosamalira thanzi
  • Kutetezedwa mwalamulo

Zochitika pa Moyo Wathu ndi Boma

Nthaŵi za moyo zolamulidwa ndi maiko [:

  • Zikalata zolembera ndi kulembetsa
  • Kulembetsa Sukulu ndi Miyezo
  • Kupeza laisensi ya woyendetsa
  • Kuloledwa kukoleji (poyera)
  • Laisensi ya ukwati
  • Kulandira Malamulo
  • Kugula zinthu panyumba (malamulo apamwamba)
  • Mabizinesi
  • Kuthetsa Banja
  • Malo a Malo a Malo
  • Zikalata za imfa

Kuloŵetsedwamo m’Boma

Chifukwa Chake Ndale Zadziko Zili ndi Vuto Lalikulu

Ubwino wa boma ladziko kaamba ka kutengamo mbali kwa nzika :

  • Kuyandikira Kunyumba (Kuli Kosavuta)
  • Otengamo mbali ochepa (ayambukiridwa mowonjezereka)
  • Chiyambukiro chachindunji chowoneka
  • Kupezekanso
  • Akuluakulu a boma amamvetsera kwambiri
  • Kuchepetsa mtengo wa mkupiti
  • Opanga malamulo a nthaŵi yapadera amafikirika

Njira Zochitira Nawo Zinthu

[[FL:0] Mipata yapartication [[FL:1]:

Chipangano cha Kupambana [:

  • Kudziŵa kusankha m’boma lonse
  • Onetsetsani mpikisano wa mpikisano wa makoswe
  • Oyembekezera kuperekedwa kwa boma
  • Thulukani ku ofesi ya boma
  • Ntchito yokonza mkupiti wa boma

Kusintha kwa mawu a Chingelezi [1]

  • Opanga malamulo a boma olankhulana
  • Muzifufuza pakumva
  • Perekani ndemanga zolangiza
  • Sekerani mabodi a boma/miyambo
  • Pitani ku maholo a m’tauni

[[FUL:0] Kutengamo mbali [

  • Kuyang’anira malamulo a boma
  • Agulu achinyengo a m’dzikolo
  • Pitani ku magawo a malamulo
  • Khalani ndi phande m’kukhazikitsa malamulo
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito malamulo a boma

Mavuto Oyang’anizana ndi Maboma

Nkhani Zomangamanga

[[ML:0] mavuto a programme[[FL:1]:

  • Maboma 49 a bajeti yoyenerera (maboma)
  • Malamulo a boma osavomerezedwa
  • Mabuku Othandiza Kupirira
  • Zolakwa za Kubweza
  • Ndalama
  • Mpikisano wa misonkho pakati pa maboma

Kusintha kwa Ndale zadziko

Kugaŵanitsa kugaŵanika :

  • Kulamulira mbali imodzi kukuwonjezereka
  • Urban-rarust imagaŵikana kufutukuka
  • Ndale za m’dzikolo zikuloŵerera
  • Kusokonezeka kwa majeremusi
  • Anthu ovuta kuvota
  • Kuchepetsa mgwirizano wa ma bipartishani

Kuchuluka kwa Mabanja

[[FULT:0] Nkhokwe [:

  • Malamulo a nthaŵi yambali
  • Anthu ochepa okha ogwira ntchito
  • Malipiro otsika
  • Malire a mawu (15 akutero)
  • Kuchotsa ubongo pa pepala la boma
  • Kusoŵa kwa zipangizo zamakono

Mtsogolo mwa Ulamuliro wa Boma

Mabungwe osinthasintha [1]

  • Atsogoleri a zanyengo
  • Lamulo la zaumisiri
  • Zinthu zatsopano zokhudza zaumoyo
  • Kusintha kwa chilungamo cha apandu
  • Masinthidwe a dongosolo la chisankho
  • Mapoctivestate akuwonjezereka

Kusintha kwa Malamulo

[[FUL:0] Kusintha kopangidwa[[[ML:1]:

  • Nkhani ya V ya gulu la msonkhano
  • Gulu lotchuka lovota m’dziko la mayiko ogwirizana ndi dzikolo
  • Kusintha kwa bajeti koyenera
  • Kufutukuka kwa malire
  • Kusintha zinthu

Luso la Umisiri ndi Boma

Kusintha kwa Digital:

  • Kupereka utumiki pa Intaneti
  • Makompyuta a CD
  • Malamulo Oletsa Kusankha
  • Kuthandiza anthu kuti azigwira ntchito za boma
  • Mavuto a Kusatetezereka
  • Kukula kwa lamulo laumwini

Mapeto ake: Kusintha Boma Lanu

Nthano za maboma a boma m'moyo wa ku America zimaposa zimene nzika zambiri zimazindikira kapena kuyamikira. Pamene Washington imatenga chisamaliro ndi bwalo lake la ndale zadziko, malikulu a boma mobisa amapanga zosankha zimene zimagamula za mkhalidwe wa maphunziro, kusamala zaumoyo, mwaŵi wa zachuma, ndi mtundu wa moyo wa anthu 330 miliyoni. Maboma 50 ameneŵa osiyana, aliyense akuonetsa chikhalidwe chapadera cha boma lawo, zosoŵa, ndi zofunika zoyambirira, amaimira demokrase ya democracy ndi mlingo woyenerera ndi wolabadira.

Kuzindikira maulamuliro a boma akuya [1] si maphunziro a anthu onse . Chidziŵitso chothandiza pa ulendo wa moyo ku America. Mkhalidwe umene mumakhalamo ndi kusiyanitsa msonkho wanu, mwaŵi wanu wa maphunziro, njira zanu zaumoyo, mkhalidwe wanu wa zaumoyo, ngakhalenso ufulu wanu. Kuchoka ku California kupita ku Texas, kapena kuchokera ku Vermont kupita ku Florida, kutanthauza kuloŵa m'malo a boma osiyana kwambiri okhala ndi malamulo, mautumiki, ndi mafilosofi.

Chofunika kwambiri nchakuti, maboma amapereka mpata waukulu kwa nzika. Pamene kusintha kwa malamulo a boma kumafuna mabungwe akuluakulu, nzika iliyonse ingathe kukhudza boma mwa kukhazikitsa pangano lopitiriza. Kaŵirikaŵiri opanga malamulo a boma amaimira anthu osapitirira 50,000 ndi kusungitsa manambala a foni. Olamulira a m'maholo a tauni. Oyang’anira boma amalandira ndemanga zapoyera pa malamulo. Kupezeka kwa mawu anu kumakhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri kuposa ku Washington.

Mtsogolo mwa demokrase ya Amereka ingadalire pa kupezedwanso kwa maboma awo a boma. Pamene ndale zadziko zikukula kukhala zogwirizana ndi kugaŵikana kwa machenjera, zikumanena mowonjezereka kusonkhezera njira zatsopano ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Zothetsera mavuto a America . Kuchokera pa zaumoyo kufika pa maphunziro, kuyambira pa maziko a zachuma ndi kusintha kwa nyengo [1] nkothekera kwambiri kutuluka kuchokera ku malikulu a boma kuposa Washington.

Boma lanu la boma likuumba moyo wanu m’njira zambiri. Funso nlakuti kaya mudzauumba kubwezera. Demokrase imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene nzika zichita zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo palibe kulikonse kumene pangano limenelo limakhudza kwambiri kuposa mumkhalidwe wanu. Mphamvu ilipo, ikudikira kugwiritsiridwa ntchito. Funso lokha ndi lakuti kaya mudzanena.

Kuti mudziŵe zambiri zokhudza boma lanu, pitani pawebusaiti ya boma lanu kapena pa Conferenceal of State Legislatures [1] ya ziwiya zonse za boma.

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