Malamulo a madzi ku United States ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amagawidwa ndi mabungwe ambiri a boma okhala ndi maulamuliro osiyanasiyana. Kugwirizana kogwira ntchito pakati pa mabungwe ameneŵa nkofunika kutsimikizira kuyendetsa bwino madzi a dziko, kumene kumachirikiza zonse kuyambira pa thanzi la anthu ndi ulimi kufikira ku kupanga mphamvu ndi kuwona kwa zamoyo. Ntchito ya boma yakhala ikusintha kwa zaka zoposa zana limodzi, yopangidwa ndi malamulo apadera, nkhondo za mayiko, chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi zitsenderezo zowonjezereka kuchokera ku kusintha kwa nyengo. Nkhaniyi ikupenda mabungwe aakulu a boma oloŵetsedwa m'za za madzi, mmene amagwirizanirana, madongosolo ndi mavuto amene amayang'anizana nawo, ndi njira ya kutsogolo kaamba ka kayang'aniro a madzi.

Ntchito Zazikulu za Madzi Zikuloŵetsedwamo

Malo olamulira amadzi a boma ali ndi mabungwe khumi ndi aŵiri kapena kuposapo, limodzi ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zapadera. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi Environmental Occiated Agency (EPA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Army Corps of Enginegers (USACE), ndi Bureaunt of Reclassition . Komabe, mabungwe ena onga National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOA), Dipatimenti ya Agricustom (USDA), Federal Emeternagency Agency (FMA), ndi Dipatimenti ya za Departmentagency ya Fish ndi Wildlies (FS) amachitanso ntchito yofufuza za m'matomulungu uliwonse. Kudziŵa bwino ntchito kwa njira iliyonse ya madzi kumathandiza.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

EPA ndi bungwe lalikulu la boma limene limathandiza kuteteza madzi. Pansi pa Act Yamadzi Oyera [[FT:1] ya 1972 ndi Saver Foast Water Act ya 1974, EPA imakhazikitsa malamulo a dziko kaamba ka zoipitsa m’madzi oonekera ndi madzi akumwa, imalola kutuluka kudzera mwa National Pollant Disotion Exposition System (NPDE), ndi kuyang'anira ntchito yopanga maprogramuzi a madzi. Bungwe la Revition: [FFFFF:] [FFFUL:] [FUFUL] ndi kukhazikitsa njira zothandizira za madzi.]

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

USGS imagwira ntchito monga bungwe lalikulu la sayansi ya dziko lonse la madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito National Water Information System (NWIS) imene imasonkhanitsa chidziŵitso chenicheni cha nthaŵi ino pa mtsinje, madzi a pansi, kukongola, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madzi. Chidziŵitso chimenechi n’choyambira pa kuyang'anira chilala, kuneneratu za chuma, ndi nyengo. USSGS imatsogoleranso kuchuluka kwa madzi a mchetechete (NAGO) Assesment (NAQA). programu ndi [FL:] programuniaial ndi Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa Sayansi .

Gulu la Asilikali a ku United States Opanga Mabomba (USACE)

USACE ndiyo ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya dziko yomanga madzi ndi manijala. Programu yake imaphatikizapo kumanga, kugwira ntchito, ndi kusamalira madamu, ma leve, maloko, ngalande, ndi nyumba zolamulira madzi. Bungwelo limalamuliranso malo otentha ndi madzi pansi pa Gawo 404 la Deseat Water Act, nkhani zolola kusungunula ndi kudzaza, ndi kuchirikiza kuyendetsa ngozi za madzi. USACE’S . Madongosolo a Control Control [[FLT: 1] amapikisana ndi Gawo la Deransi, kuyendetsa madzi, madzi, kubweretsa, zosangulutsa, ndi kuyendetsa malo okhala ndi malo okhala ndi malo okhalako.

Bureau of Rectuation

Bureau of Reclamentition, mkati mwa Dipatimenti ya Interior, imayang'anira madzi m'maiko 17 a kumadzulo. Imagwira ntchito 476 madamu ndi madamu 337 amene amapereka madzi a kuwonjezera , kampasi ndi ntchito za maindasitale, ndi magetsi. Mwa ntchito zake [[FLT:] WaterSMRT[[FL:3] programu, bureau imalimbikitsa kusungitsa madzi, kuyendetsa, ndi kugwiritsa ntchitonso. Bungwelo limatsogoleranso [[FL:] ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa madzi, ndi kukonzanso maphunziro a m’tsogolo, polengeza za kukonza za kuzungulira, kuzungulira mtsinje wa Riorbor, ndi ku Central Project, ndi ku Central Rio.

Mfungulo Ina

[[NTL: 0] NUMENE] [NUFUN , [NUFU] imapereka nyengo yofunika ndi chidziŵitso cha nyengo kupyolera mwa ntchito ya nyengo [[FLT :] yamtundu wa dzikolo, (Falo ndi chilala), [mapangano], [[FLT]] [NUNITY] NTHUKU NDI SOUTH [NUP] [NJO], ndi [mapangano a] PROGUFFF] [N] Malo: [NFFFFF] ndi mayeso a , ma programuzi ndi ma . . . . . . . . . .HAMBIRI , mapulogramuzi ndi ma , manyuziyero za m'nyanja za m'nyanja: [FFU.N.NF: "N]

Kugwirizana ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Kayendetsedwe ka Ntchito

Mabungwe a dongosolo la madzi amachitika mwa makomiti ogwirizanitsa, maofisala, mapulatifomu a chidziŵitso, ndi kugwirizana kwa boma. Popatsidwa malamulo a madzi a United States ogaŵanika, mphamvu ya ufulu wa madzi imakhala makamaka ndi maboma . N’kofunika kuletsa mikangano ndi kulimbikitsa kusasinthana m’madera osiyanasiyana.

Mabungwe Ogwirizanitsa ndi Magulu Antchito

[[FLT:] [1] . .Water Resource Council (yakhazikitsidwa mu 1965 koma yokonzedwanso) inali kuyesayesa koyambirira kwa kugwirizanitsa kulinganiza kwa boma. Lerolino, [[FLT:] Falterance Perlaisemplain Magement Police [[FFL:], imalinganiza dongosolo la chigumula pakati pa USACE, FEMA, EPA, EPA, ndi zina kuwongolera chilala. [FOLT:] [FOLT:]] National Relietancernerner [[FFL:], yopangidwa ndi dongosolo laumphation 2016, imadzetsa pamodzi UNIA, EPAI, EPAI, ndi kuwongolera sayansi ndi zina. [AFOGOM.] Zotsatira za kuyendetsa ntchito ya US: [AFOM.[A]

Kugaŵana Zinthu ndi Kusintha kwa Sayansi

Malo ogwirizana ogwirizana a mfundo za m'makompyuta. . . . . . (Iiyang'aniridwa ndi USGS, EPA, ndi National Reaty Monifining Council) imagwirizanitsa madzi a mtengo kuchokera ku boma, boma, mafuko, ndi malo akumeneko. Madzi a m'dziko a Dectal [1] [[FLT:] [FLT] [3] [US] [US] (US]) imapereka madzi enieni ndi mitsinje ya pansi pa nthaka. NOA’S [FLT:] Maiko a IFLT ndi maderere a sayansi ndi mautumiki ambiri. [FLD]

Federal chigawo ndi Deregia

Malamulo ambiri a madzi a boma amadalira pa maboma kuti agwiritsiridwe ntchito pansi pa dongosolo lotchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, maboma angapereke ulamuliro wa kuyang'anira NPDES ndi maprogramu a Saved Meter Act ngati agwirizana ndi miyezo ya EPA. Nthumwi zimenezi zimafuna uyang'aniro wopitirizabe EPA, kuyang'anira, ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zimene zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi mphamvu ya boma ndi chifuniro chandale. Mofananamo, malaisensi a hydrower a bungwe la Federal Energy Relyatation Commission (FEC) ayenera kulingalira za mafunde a madzi abwino ochokera ku mabungwe a boma pansi pa Declate 401 pa Chigawo cha Zamadzi.

Kugwirizana Kosintha ndi Kwapadziko Lonse

Madzi amaphatikizaponso kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse ndi Canada ndi Mexico kupyolera mwa International Joint Commission (IJC) . Mabungwe ameneŵa amayang'anira mitsinje yonga Columbia ndi Rio Grande, kufunikira chiyambukiro kuchokera ku Department, USACE, Bureau of Reclamection, ndi NOA. [FLT:] Madzi a Mtsinje [[FLT:] [U.S.-Mexico] ndi mapangano asanu ndi aŵiri a m'dzikolo ndi mayiko ena, ndi mabungwe a chigawo a Boma, ndi mabungwe a Relameom, ndi mabungwe a boma monga a kampani a boma.

Mavuto a Kugwirizana kwa Lamulo la Madzi

Ngakhale kuti pali njira zimenezi, zopinga zambiri zimalepheretsa kuti madzi azigwirana bwinobwino, zina n’zogwirizana ndi mmene mamembala a m’dzikolo anapangidwira, zina ndi zachuma kapena zanyengo.

Kutsutsa Ntchito ya M’gulu la Yehova

Ntchito iliyonse ingachititse zinthu zofunika kwambiri. USACE kaŵirikaŵiri imalamulidwa kuwonjezera kuyendetsa ndege ndi kuyendetsa madzi, pamene EPA ingafune kuti pakhale kuyenda kwa malo okhala kapena kuchepetsa koopsa. Bureau of Reclamyation imafuna kupereka madzi a ulimi ndi mizinda, pamene FWS ingafune kuti mitundu ya zamoyo ikhale yowonongeka. Popanda utsogoleri wamphamvu wogwirizana kwambiri, wonga ngati National Water Policy . Zikayikozi zimatha kukonza nkhani ya malo ozungulira ndi mizinda, kaŵirikaŵiri kudzera m'kuimbidwa. Klasatis River Basin [1] Nkhondo pakati pa alimi, ufulu wa mafuko, kupha nsomba, ndi mitundu ya zamoyo yowonongeka imaonetsa mmene mabungwe angachitire ntchito yowolowera.

Kupereka Malipiro ndi Kugonjetsa Malamulo

Mabungwe a United States apanga madzi akumwa ndi madzi otayika monga masitepe a D+ ndi C, ndi mpata wa ndalama woyerekezeredwa pa $100 biliyoni pachaka. Mabungwe aunyinji alibe ndalama zothandizira kuphatikiza maprojekiti ambiri. Kukonzanso kwa mtundu (WIN) ndi kukonza zinthu zowonongeka pakati pa USA, EUS, USA, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi. [FLT:] Bipartans Insture Relactive Law [BLD] Lawrigicrects (IL) yothandiza kukonza zinthu zambiri. [FL:] ya 201] yopereka ndalama zoyendetsera chuma, koma yogwirizana pakati pa USA, EPAA, ndi kupitirizabe kuchuluka kwa mabizinewo. [FLD] ndi kusoŵa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi kufunikira kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapangano kapena kugaŵana kwa travotion.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Kusintha kwa M’madzi

Kusintha kwa nyengo kumasintha mavuto a kugwirizanitsa zinthu mwa kusintha ulamuliro wa hydrologic. Chilala chambiri ndi choopsa ku West, chigumula chowonjezereka ku Midwastst ndi Northern East, ndi kuchepa kwa chipale chofeŵa m'matanthwe a Rockes omwe alipo kugawidwa mapulaneti a madzi. Mabungwe a Federal atulutsa National Climate Assesment [[FLT:]] ya Mabungwe a Colorado, koma kutembenuza nyengo m'malamulo ogwira ntchito kumafuna chidziŵitso chapamwamba, kulinganiza, ndi njira zina zopimira kudutsa. [FLT:] DD yapanga mapangano a Colorado, mabungwe asanu ndi aŵiri pakati pa mabungwe ndi a United States, ndi mabungwe a bungwe la United Nations mu 2019, ndi chitsanzo cha kuchuluka kwa mapulogalamu ena.

Kusintha kwa Malamulo ndi Kulola Kuchedwa

Makonzedwe a madzi kaŵirikaŵiri amafuna zilolezo kuchokera ku mabungwe ambiri: EPA snows imalola pansi pa Gawo 404, USACE thiroplain , malaisensi a hydrositive , ndi ufulu wa boma. Kulola njira ya madzi kungatenge zaka, kufooketsa kapena kugwirizanitsa. Chigamulo chimodzi cha Federal [[FLL:1] pa NePA] malamulo ogwirizana ndi kupenda malo okhala, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ntchito ya madzi kuchotsa zinthu zazikulu. [[FLT:] Waters of the United States (WUS) mafotokozedwedwedwe alamulo adakali ovomerezeka, opanganso kusatsimikizira kwa EPA ndi USACE.

Zolinga Zowongolera Ubwino wa Kugwirizana

Pozindikira mavuto ameneŵa, opanga malamulo ndi mabungwe asintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti alimbitse mgwirizano.

Malo Opangira Madzi Okhala ndi Malo Oyenera Kulamulira (IWRM)

IWRM ndi mapulogalamu amene amapititsa patsogolo kupangidwa kwa madzi ndi kuyang'anira malo, ndi zinthu zina zogwirizana kuti awonjezere ubwino wa zachuma ndi wa anthu popanda kulolera zikhalidwe za anthu. Ngakhale kuti malamulo a IWRM saloledwa, mfundo za IWRM zikusungidwa kwambiri m'makalata ndi maphunziro a zopitira. Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) [FLD] [1] tsopano akuphatikizapo makonzedwe a zosungira madzi osiyanasiyana amene amaphatikizapo boma ndi osungiramo katundu. Dilarewareal River Bas Comsemsem ndi mabungwe zina za boma zogwirizana zogwirizana zopereka chitsanzo kaamba ka ulamuliro wa dziko lonse la dziko limene lingafutukulidwe.

Kupita Patsogolo kwa Kugwirizana kwa Zigwirizano ndi Sayansi Yogawana

Kuika mai a m'makampani ambiri n’kofunika kwambiri. Internet of Mater , kutsogoleredwa ndi USGS mogwirizana ndi EPA, NATAA, ndi mabungwe amaphunziro, kukonza njira za dziko zosungiramo zinthu zokhala ndi API, miyezo ya metam , ndi mapulatifomu ozikidwa ndi mtambo. Mofananamo, Model ya madzi ya National Water (NOA)) imapereka zonenera za madzi oyenda kwa otsalira kwa ola limodzi kudutsa U.S., kuphatikiza USGS ndi USACE. Mapulatifomu otero amachepetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kwa nthaŵi yosefukira kapena yosonkhanitsira.

Kulinganiza Zinthu ndi Njira Zozikidwa pa Chilengedwe

Madongosolo akulandira mowonjezereka zothetsera za chilengedwe (zimatchedwanso [[FLT: 0]] pulogalamu ndi EPA’s yogwirizana ndi kukonzanso kwa mchenga, kuchulukitsa, ndi biriŵili. USACE’S ] Njinga ndi Nature [1] programu ndi EPA’s [[FLT:] Luso loyera [[FFFRAL:]] Luso logwirizana ndi pulogalamu ya m'dera, [[FLT]] yogwirizana ndi njira zoyendera kulinganiza, kusonyeza mmene kugwirizana kungasinthire kuchokera ku zomera ku ziŵindi. Kuthandizana kuchokera ku . [FLT:] Kusinthasinthana ndi [FLD] Kusinthana kwa Red Red [FLT] Act:] Kugwirizana ndi kulinganiza kwa chilengedwe, kuyang'zoloŵera mabu.

Kulimbitsa Ubwenzi Wanu

Mathirakiti a madzi, zigawo zaulimi, ndi malo okhala NGO mowonjezereka kugwirizana ndi mabungwe a boma kusungitsa ndi kuchirikiza zinthu. WaterSMART amapatsa kuchokera ku Bureau of Reclacation kuphatikizapo zifuno zotayika zimene zimapanga mgwirizano wamitundu yambiri. Bungwe la zachikhalidwe [FLT: 3] ndi [FLT:] Sulven Division Review Reviewtion yalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa bungwe la dziko lonse lakwawo, lakwawo, lakwawo, ndi lachize, la m'gulu la anthu wamba.

Kumaliza

Mabungwe a United States ali ndi mbali yaikulu koma kaŵirikaŵiri yosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'kugwirizanitsa malamulo a madzi ku United States. Kuyambira pa miyezo ya madzi ya EPA mpaka pa madamu aakulu a Bureau of Reclacation ndi mathengo a USGS, bungwe lililonse limathandiza kugawana umisiri ndi ulamuliro. Komabe kugawidwa kwa ntchito za madzi a boma ndi ngozi za m'mbiri, malamulo otsatizana, ndi kulolera molakwa kwa ndale zadziko kumene sikunatsimikiziridwa; kuyenera kukulitsidwa mwa mabungwe aunyinjina, chidziŵitso, ndi utsogoleri wadala.

Mavuto ake ndi: kusintha kwa nyengo, kudalirana kwa zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola. Koma kuyendetsa zinthu ndi luso lamakono la zopangapanga kumathandiza kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Mwa kupititsa patsogolo njira zoyendetsera madzi, kugwirizanitsa zinthu, kugwirizanitsa zinthu zogwirizana ndi dziko, mafuko, ndi mabungwe osunga madzi, mabungwe a boma angapite ku njira yogwirizana kwambiri ndi yolimba kwambiri. Kuyendetsa bwino madzi a ku America kumadalira pa kusinthika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka: MPUNDO YA madzi tsamba [[FLT :1], USGS'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''', ndi NOA’ Lowero la DYD , [ .