Kufikira kwa Japan kwasintha modabwitsa pa zaka khumi zapitazo, kuchoka pa kutetezera kwakukulu, kutsutsa nkhondo kukakhala ndi kaimidwe kamphamvu ndi kadongosolo. Komabe, kusintha kumeneku sikumasonkhezeredwa ndi ziwopsezo za kunja monga kukwera kwa nkhondo ya China kapena kukwera kwa zida zankhondo za North Korea. Kumapangidwa ndi kuimiridwa ndi magulu amphamvu a dziko, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsutsana, magulu ambiri andale ku Japan amagwira ntchito monga osunga zipata ndi omanga nyumba zachitetezo, kutembenuza zitsenderezo za geometic verties ku malamulo, ma bajetime, ndi njira za maluso. Kumvetsetsa ziphunzitso, magulu apakati a anthu ameneŵa, ndi zigwirizano zamphamvu za magulu a anthu ofunafuna kumvetsetsa dongosolo la boma la Japan nkofunika kwa aliyense.

Nkhani Zake: Buku la Yoshida Doctrine ndi Mfundo 9

Kuti timvetsetse mikangano yamakono ya kugaŵana, munthu ayenera choyamba kuyang'ana pa kugwirizana kwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yadziko II. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, chisungiko cha Japan chinalamuliridwa ndi Yoshida Doctrine, imene inaika patsogolo kuchira ndi kukula kwa chuma mofulumira pamene inaikizira kutetezereka kwa United States. Chiphunzitso chimenechi chinaikidwa m'Chigawo 9 cha Malamulo, chimene chimakana nkhondo ndi kusungidwa kwa "dziko, nyanja, ndi magulu a mphepo, limodzinso ndi nkhondo zina zothekera. Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), imene inalamulira kuchotsapo pafupifupi kuyambira mu 1955 mpaka 1993 ( "C55 CSS, Kamenyedwe ka 9 kotembenuzidwa moyenerera kulola kuti gulu lodzitetezera laumwini (DFF) lodzitetezera lokha.

Chitsutso chachikulu m'nyengo ino, Japan Socialist Party (JSP), inachirikiza mwamphamvu kumasulira Article 9, ikutsutsa kuti SDF yeniyeniyo inali yopanda ufulu. Chilungamo cholimba chimenechi chinayambitsa mkangano waukulu, waŵiri: mbali imodzi yochirikiza U.S. kugwirizana ndi njira yaing'ono ya SDF, kuchirikiza kusakhala ndi mphamvu. Kutsutsana kumeneku kunayala maziko a mikangano yapamwamba ndi yogaŵanika imene imazindikiritsa ndale zadziko za Japan lerolino. Kugwa kwa dongosolo la 1955 mu 1990 ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa dongosolo la kagulu ka pulogalamu kamodzi ndi kaunyinyinyidwe ka LD PP kuswa mphamvu ya ulamuliro ndi kuumbidwa kwa gulu la Abuda.

Asilikali Ochuluka a zandale ku nkhalango yamakono ya Arena

Dongosolo lamakono la chipani cha Japan lili ndi oseŵera angapo aakulu, onse okhala ndi chithunzi cha dziko lonse pa chisungiko cha dziko. Zochita zawo, makamaka pakati pa gulu lolamulira, zimasankha liŵiro ndi kumene kusintha kwamphamvu kudzachitikira.

Gulu la Democratic Party (LDP): Injini Yokonza Zinthu Mwadongosolo

LDP idakali mphamvu yaikulu m'kuumba lamulo lachitetezo la Japan. Pamene kuli kwakuti kaŵirikaŵiri limalingaliridwa kukhala gulu la kusungidwa ndi Mulungu mmodzi, gululo liri gulu la magulu okhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a changu cha kukonzanso. Nduna ya Prime Sinzo Abe'rion (Sewa Seisaku Kenkyukai) linali liwu lamphamvu koposa lomasuka ku zoletsa zapambuyo pa nkhondo. LDP pa mfundo za chitetezo la m'chenjechenjezo limaphatikizapo:

  • Kukonzanso kwa SD: Mwachidziŵikire SDF m'Chigawo 9 ndi chonulirapo cha nthaŵi yaitali, choonedwa ndi mamembala ambiri monga chofunikira kuthetsera "Ufulu" wa SDF ndi kupereka lamulo lomveka la zochita zake.
  • Kulimbitsa Alliance :[[FLT :1] Kugwirizanitsa kugwirizana kowonjezereka "kulingana" ndi United States, kuphatikizapo ntchito zogwirizana ndi thayo lalikulu la Japan kaamba ka kudzitetezera kwake.
  • Mobiletary Modern : kuchirikiza kolimba kaamba ka kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa bajeti yodzitetezera (kufikira 2% ya GDP pa 2027), kupezeka kwa "zothekera za malo otchuka" (kale yodziŵika monga mphamvu zoukira za adani), ndi tekinoloji yopita patsogolo monga mabomba ankhondo a m'masana ndi omenyana ndi ena.
  • [[MLT:0] Kuthandizira Mtendere: Kufutukula mbali za SDF m'kusungitsa mtendere wa mitundu yonse ndi chisungiko kugwirizana ndi maiko onga Australia, United Kingdom, ndi India (Quad).

Pamene kuli kwakuti Nduna Yaikulu Fomio Kisida yachokera ku bungwe lochepetsa zinthu (Kochikai), boma lake lalandira ndi kuwonjezera mapu a chitetezo operekedwa ndi Abe, makamaka kupyolera m’chochitika cha 2022 National Security Strategy (NS).

Komeito: Mgwirizano wa Mapikito ndi Brake

Komeito, mnzake wa KLDP wachiŵiri wa mgwirizano wa OlDP kuyambira 1999, amachita mbali yaikulu kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwake. Chichirikizo chake, gulu lachibuda lotchedwa Soka Gakkai, limalimbikitsa njira yamphamvu, yoletsa nkhondo. Komeito nthaŵi zonse amakambirana ndi LDP kuti achepetse kupita patsogolo kwa nkhondo ndi kutsimikizira kuti ayamba kukambirana. Chisonkhezero chake chingaoneke m’madera ena ovuta kwambiri:

  • Kukonzanso kwa Qualitiona: Komeito ali wochenjera kwambiri kuposa LDP. Imakonda kuwonjezera matanthauzo atsopano ku malamulo a ufulu wa malo okhala ndi chithandizo cha tsoka mmalo mwa kukonzanso mwachindunji Gawo 9, kutsekereza mokhutiritsa mapulani a kukonzanso kwapamwamba kwa LDP.
  • Liverse-Strike Cabilities : Komeito poyamba anali wokaikira kwenikweni kupeza maluso okhumudwitsa. Mwa kukambitsirana kwakukulu, inapanga kulolera kumene boma linagogomezera "kuletsa kwamphamvu" ndi kugwirizanitsa mikhalidwe yolimba ndi kuigwiritsira ntchito, kufunitsa chilolezo cha KBB ndi kudalira kwakukulu pa zothetsera za mayanjano.
  • Chisungiko cha Anthu ndi ODA: Komeito mobwerezabwereza kuchirikiza Official Development Arector (ODA) ndi njira zachitetezo za anthu, kutsimikizira kuti lamulo la dziko la Japan silikhala lankhondo mopambanitsa.

LDP-Komeito limatchedwa "dongosolo lakutetezereka limodzi ndi theka" pa nkhani za chitetezo. LDP imayendetsa mapu ovuta a chitetezo, pamene Komeito amagwira ntchito monga kukakamiza ndi kutsimikizira kuti malamulowo akusintha ali ndi maziko a kuvomerezedwa kwa anthu. Nkhani zotsatizana za Japan Times zafufuza mmene chitetezo champhamvu cha Japan chimasinthira.

Constitution Democratical Party of Japan (CDP): Guardian of the Constitution

Monga chipani chachikulu chotsutsa, CDP imaima monga wotetezera woyamba wa malamulo a nkhondo yapambuyo pa nkhondo. Yogwirizana ndi kuphatikiza zipani zingapo zapakati, kuphatikizapo Democratic Party ya Japan (DPJ), CDP imasankha njira yapadera yodziŵira chisungiko:

Chisonkhezero cha CDP chimachitidwa makamaka mwa kufunsa nyumba ya malamulo, ndemanga zapoyera, ndi kugwirizanitsa nkhani yapoyera yonena za chisungiko. Pamene kuli kwakuti zakhala zovutikira kuchotsapo LDP ya ndale zadziko, zigomeko zake zikumamveka ndi anthu otsutsa nkhondo ndi kutsimikizira kuti lamulo loletsa likhalabe maziko a mkangano.

Oseŵera Akusukulu ndi Otsutsa

Magulu ena amawonjezera kucholoŵana kwa malo otetezera. Chipani cha Japan Innovation (Nippon Ishin no Kai) ndi chipani cha anthu osintha zinthu, chipani chimene chimalimbikitsa kukonzanso kovomerezeka kwa lamulo ndi gulu lankhondo lamphamvu koma chimatsutsa LDP kaamba ka kulephera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nyama ya ng’ombe. Chipani cha Communist (JCP) chimakhalabe chotsutsana kwambiri ndi U.S. - Japan Security Constitution ndi ochirikiza kusaloŵerera m'zandale, ngakhale kuti chapeputsa mawu ake m’zaka zaposachedwapa kuti chivote chivote. Pamene magulu ameneŵa ali ndi mphamvu, iwo sakugwirapo mphamvu pa windo lachitetezo, ku LD kuchokera ku lamanja lamanja (Ish) ndi ku CD PCP kuchokera ku ku lamanzere (CP).

Mizere Yolakwa Kwambiri m’Malamulo Otetezera a Nthaŵi Yathu Ino

Kusiyana kosaoneka kumene kulipo pakati pa anthu otsutsana kwambiri pankhani zina. Kufufuza mfundo zimenezi kumasonyeza kuti ku Japan kuli ndi njira zotetezera.

Kupenda Malamulo

Mwinamwake cholongosola ndi chosatha. LDP, ndi chichirikizo chachikulu kuchokera ku Ishin, imapitirizabe kukakamiza kaamba ka kukonzanso kumene kukazindikira moyenerera SDF. Komeito's avalence ndi chitsutso champhamvu cha CDP zaletsa LDP kutetezera unyinji wa anthu aŵiri m'nyumba zonse ziŵiri za Diety yofunikira kuyambitsa arendmendium. Analysis kuchokera ku East- West Center kulongosola mmene mpambo wa malamulo a mlingo wa kumbuyo kwa nkhondo ya Japan [1]. Anthu onse amagaŵana kwambiri, ndi zinthu zazikulu zimene zikuchirikiza SDF koma zikusintha kwambiri chinenero cha dziko lakuya.

Maluso Otsutsa ndi Otetezera

2022 NSS ya chigamulo cha kutulukira mabomba ozungulira aatali ndi kukhoza kuukira malo otetezera adani chinasonyeza kusamuka kwakukulu kuchokera ku "kudzitetezera kotheratu" lamulo. LDP'''pamanja inatsutsa zimenezi kuti zinali zanthaŵi yaitali kuti ziletse China ndi North Korea. Ma CDP ndi makampani akunja adaitsutsa kuti inali malo oopsa amene angapangitse Japan kukhala chikole. Pamapeto pake pangano la LDP linali chochitika chachikulu chandale, pambuyo pogwirizana ndi PDP kuyendetsa malonda apadera a zokambirana ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito. Ndalama zazikulu zowonjezera ndalama zopereka ndalama zimenezi zikusungabe ndalama, ndi CDP yofuna kupereka ndalama yomangitsa misonkho ndi kukwera kwa misonkho ndi kukwera kwa ndalama.

Kulamulira kwa Alliance ndi Mtolo wa Okinawa

U.S.- Japan kugwirizana kwa dziko lonse kumachirikizidwa ndi magulu aakulu, koma kuyang'anira kwake kuli magwero osalekeza a mavuto. LDP kaŵirikaŵiri imaika patsogolo dongosolo logwirizana ndi kuvomereza ziganizo zachinsinsi zachikulu monga momwe zinaperekedwera ndi U.S. ndi Japan. CDP ndi magulu ankhondo a kumaloko ku Okinawa amatsutsa mwamphamvu kusamuka kwa asilikali a m'dera la Airps Futen ku Nago, kutsutsa kuti ilo limachititsa vuto lakunja la Okinawa ndi kuwononga malo okhalako. Nkhani imeneyi imaloŵa m'ndale zadziko nthaŵi zonse, kukakamiza kuti LDP iyendetsedwe pakati pa U. S. Nkhatengo yamphamvu ndi ya ndale ya kumbuyo kwa dziko la Bornbon kukhazikitsa chigwirizano cha zinthu zachilendo. [FF]

Maziko a Zachitetezo ndi Kugwirizana kwa Mitundu Yonse

LDP akuchirikiza mwamphamvu kugwirizanitsa ndi kugwirizanitsa makampani a dziko lonse otetezera Japan. Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) ndi UK ndi Italy ndi chitsanzo chachikulu. LDP imawona zimenezi kukhala zofunika kaamba ka ulamuliro wa maluso ndi kukulitsa zomangira. CDP ndi Komeito (ndi kukayikira kwina) zabutsa nkhaŵa za kukwera kwa zida, luso la zopangapanga likuomba, ndi kuthekera kwa zida zotumiza kunja zimene zingayambitse mikangano ya dziko lonse. Chisinthiko cha Japan "Malamulo Osanja atatu pa Zidatso" kuchokera ku chiletso chakulamulidwa ndi dongosolo la kutumiza malonda ndi dziko landale chiri chotulukapo cha mwachindunji cha gulu la oyendetsa nkhondo zaka khumi zapitazo.

Zimene Zimachitika pa Nkhani ya Kusankhana Zinthu ndi Zimene Anthu Ambiri Amaganiza

Pamene kuli kwakuti LDP yakhala yachipambano kwambiri m'masankho adziko, lingaliro la anthu likukhalabe lokakamiza mwamphamvu pa lamulo lachitetezo. Polys nthaŵi zonse amasonyeza chikhumbo champhamvu cha kutetezera SDF kusungidwa. Maparishi akudziŵa kuti lamulo la chisungiko silipambana pa iwo okha; kulinganiza zachuma, chisungiko cha anthu, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo. Komabe, vuto lalikulu la chisungiko, monga bomba la North Korea louluka pamwamba kapena chochitika chomakulakula cha ku East China Sea, kungasinthe mofulumira malingaliro a anthu ndi kukhazikitsa mawu aukali pakati pa LDP. Magulu otsutsa, makamaka CDP, oyendetsa zausilika a anthu osoŵa pogwira ntchito zankhondo poukira boma mkati mwa Kuwo ndi kuundana kwa House. Oplo adathandiza kwambiri ndi andale.

Industrial of Defense ya Japan White Mapepala a chaka ndi chaka [1] imapereka cholembera chatsatanetsatane cha mmene boma limaikira malo otetezera kwa anthu, pepala lokhala ndi chitsutso nthaŵi zonse m'Diet.

Mapeto ake: Andale a m’Chipani Chathu Amagwiritsa Ntchito Njira Yabwino

Ntchito ya zipani za ndale zadziko m'njira yachisungiko ya dziko la Japan si kungopanga chinsinsi; ndi maziko. Magulu ameneŵa ndi malo kumene mtendere wa mbiri ndi kuwona kwa zinthu, kumene kukhulupirika kumayesedwa motsutsana ndi ufulu wapadera, ndi kumene mapangano aakulu a bajeti amavomerezedwa ndi kupendedwa. LDP imapatsa dala kuti akonzetse zinthu zapadera, pamene Komeito amachita ngati mabuleki ovuta, kutsimikizira kuti kusintha kumachitidwa ndi kuvomerezedwa mofala. CDP ndi magulu ena otsutsa amathandiza ntchito yofunika ya woyang’anira malamulo ndi wokayikira anthu onse, kutsimikizira kuti boma siliyenda mofulumira kwambiri kuti anthu alamulire.

Pamene malo a chisungiko mu Indo-Paciccial akukula mosinthasintha, mphamvu za ndale zadziko za Japan zidzakhalabe chinthu chimodzi chofunika koposa pogamula mmene dzikolo limayankhira. Mtsogolo mwa Japan sudzalembedwa poyankha zochitika zakunja kokha; idzapekedwa m'zipinda za komiti, mkupiti, ndi kukambitsirana kwa dongosolo lake lamphamvu ndi lolimba la zipani.