Mautumiki a boma ndiwo maziko a chitaganya chilichonse chotukuka. Amaimira kudzipereka kogwirizana kutsimikizira kuti munthu aliyense wokhalamo ali ndi ufulu wopeza zofunika za moyo wathanzi, wathanzi, ndi wopindulitsa. Kuchokera ku madzi amene amadutsa kuchokera pampope wanu kupita ku misewu imene mumayendetsa, kuyambira sukulu zimene zimaphunzitsa mbadwo wotsatira ku magulu angozi amene amathamangira kuthandiza pamavuto, mautumiki a anthu amayanjidwa kulowa m'gulu la anthu. Nkhaniyi imafufuza ntchito zosiyanasiyana za ntchito, ziyambukiro zawo zazikulu pa ubwino wa chitaganya, mavuto aakulu amene amayang'anizana nawo, ndi njira zimene zingawalimbitse m'tsogolo. Kumvetsa zimenezi kulimbikitsa anthu kuti athandize ndi kukonza madera amene amapita kwawo.

Kodi Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu N’chiyani?

Mautumiki a boma ndi mautumiki ambiri operekedwa ndi mabungwe a boma . "federal, boma, ndi nzika za komweko . Akhoza kuperekedwa mwachindunji ndi mabungwe a boma kapena kuperekedwa ndi boma ndi kuperekedwa ndi anthu a mnzawo aumwini kapena osapindula. Mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti mautumiki ameneŵa amapezeka kwa anthu onse a m'deralo, oyendetsedwa pamodzi mwa kukhoma msonkho, ndi olinganizidwa kuti akwaniritse zosoŵa zofunika zimene msika waumwini sungapereke kapena kusapereka mofanana.

Ngakhale kuti ndandanda ya zinthuzo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dziko ndi malo, ntchito za boma zimakhudza magulu ambiri aakulu amene amafunika kwambiri kuti agwirire ntchito pa zachikhalidwe:

  • Kuphunzitsa: sukulu zapoyera, malaibulale, ndi maprogramu a ubwana.
  • Chipatala cha Public zipatala, zipatala, kuletsa matenda, ndi kukweza thanzi.
  • Kutetezereka kwa polisi: Apolisi, madipatimenti a moto, mautumiki a zachipatala, ndi kuyankha tsoka.
  • Kusintha:[[FLT :1] Kusamalira misewu, madongosolo a zaulendo, ndi mayendere a magalimoto.
  • Chitetezero cha Endronmal: Madzi oyera ndi kuyendetsa mpweya, kuyang'anira zinyalala, ndi kukonza paki.
  • Suctial Welfare: [1] Thandizo kwa mabanja otsika opeza, okalamba, opunduka, ndi malova.
  • Unyinji: Kaŵirikaŵiri madzi apoyera, zimbudzi, ndipo nthaŵi zina magetsi kapena gasi.

Lingaliro la mautumiki a anthu linayamba zaka mazana ambiri, ndi zitsanzo zoyambirira kuphatikizapo ngalande za Roma ndi madongosolo a misewu. Mautumiki amakono anafutukuka kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20, chifukwa cha lingaliro lakuti boma lili ndi thayo la kukhazikitsa muyezo wa moyo. United Nations imazindikira kuti anthu akhoza kupatsidwa mautumiki ena, monga maphunziro ndi kusamala zaumoyo, monga ufulu wa anthu. ([[FLT: 0]] UN Rights Human Rights )

Kufunika kwa Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu

Mautumiki a anthu onse sali chabe ntchito za anthu ochirikiza ufulu wa anthu; iwo ali maziko a mwaŵi ndi chisungiko.

Thanzi ndi Chitetezo

Makampani a zaumoyo a boma, kuphatikizapo maprogramu a katemera, kuyang'anira matenda, ndi njira za madzi oyera, zimapulumutsa miyoyo mamiliyoni padziko lonse chaka chilichonse. Madipatimenti a zaumoyo a m’malo a boma amayendetsa zipatala, amayang'anira kuyambika kwa matenda, ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino. Madipatimenti a moto amayankha mafoni oposa 30 miliyoni pachaka ku United States kokha, pamene mautumiki a apolisi amagwira ntchito kuletsa upandu ndi kusunga dongosolo. Popanda mautumiki ameneŵa, anthu angayang'ane ndi ngozi yosavomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, Centers for Diseaselve Control and Prevention (CDC) akuyerekezera kuti akatemera ana amateteza matenda mamiliyoni ambiri. ([FLT: 0] CD CD .

Maphunziro ndi Mwaŵi

Maphunziro a boma ndi chimodzi cha zinthu zazikulu kwambiri m'chitaganya. Kuphunzitsa kwapadziko lonse, mosasamala kanthu za ndalama zimene mabanja amapeza. Sukulu za boma zimaphunzitsa maluso a maziko, kusuliza, ndi mapindu a anthu. Kupitirira K-12, malaibulale a anthu amapereka zinthu zaulere, kulowa kwa pa Intaneti, ndi maprogramu a maphunziro a moyo wonse. Maphunziro amasonyeza kuti maphunziro apamwamba a zaumoyo amagwirizana ndi zotsatira zabwino za thanzi, malipiro apamwamba, ndi kutengamo mbali kokulira kwa anthu. National Center for Education Staties ikusimba kuti sukulu za onse zimaphunzitsa pafupifupi 90% ya ana a ku America, kuwapatsa maziko a ntchito za m'tsogolo. (] ANCEANCE] ]]

Malamulo ndi Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zachuma

Malowera, maulalo, kampani, ndi zinthu zina zofunikira ndizo maziko a ntchito ya zachuma. Mabizinesi amadalira pa zoyendera ndi zipangizo zodalirika zoyendera; antchito amadalira pa ulendo wa onse kuti afike kuntchito. American Society of Civil Enginers imapanga magiredi a U.S., kuwona kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumachititsa kukwera mtengo ndi kutayikiridwa kwa zinthu. Ndalama iliyonse yowonongedwa pa chuma, ili ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu pa zachuma. Zoyendera za anthu zokha zimatulutsa mabiliyoni ambiri m'zachuma mwa kuchepetsa kutsika kwa magalimoto ndi kugaŵira mawiro. ([FLT: 0]AS]

Kugwirizana ndi Makhalidwe ndi Kukondera

Mautumiki a boma amagwira ntchito monga msungizo wa chitetezo, kugwira awo amene amavutika. Mautumiki a kakhalidwe monga chithandizo cha chakudya, malo osungira nyumba, ndi ulova amathandiza anthu ndi mavuto a nyengo ndi mabanja. Popanda maprogramu ameneŵa, umphaŵi ndi kusalingana zikakhala zoipitsitsa. Kufufuza kwa Economic Policy Institute kumasonyeza kuti kuyendetsa ndalama za anthu onse kumachepetsa kwambiri umphaŵi wa ana ndi kuwongolera zotsatira zake za nthaŵi yaitali. Mautumiki ameneŵa amawonjezeranso kugwirizana kwa anthu mwa kutsimikizira kuti zosoŵa zazikulu zikukwaniritsidwa kwa ziŵalo zonse za chitaganya.

Kuthandizana ndi Anthu ndi Kuwalimbikitsa

Mautumiki a boma kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga malo ndi mipata ya kugwirizana kwa anthu. Mapaki, malo a anthu, ndi zochitika za anthu onse zimagwirizanitsa anthu, kulimbikitsa lingaliro la kukhala ndi anthu. Ndiponso, mautumiki opindulitsa a boma amayang'anizana ndi kukonzekera ndi kuyankha. Mabungwe oyang'anira zadzidzidzi amagwirizanitsa othaŵa, amapereka malo opulumukira, ndi kugaŵira chuma panthaŵi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo zamkuntho, kapena miliri. Anthu okhala ndi zipangizo zauminisitala za anthu amachira mofulumira ndi kuvutika kwambiri.

Mitundu ya Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu

Kuti timvetsetse ukulu wa mautumiki a anthu onse, kuli kothandiza kupenda magulu aakulu a mautumiki.

Mautumiki Ophunzitsa

Maphunziro a anthu onse si makalasi okha ayi, koma ndi:

  • K-12 Sukulu: Nthambi ya maphunziro oyambirira ndi a sekondale, yolipiridwa ndi misonkho ya malo akwawo ndi chithandizo cha boma.
  • Malaibulale a Thupi: Samavutika kupeza mabuku, makompyuta, zipangizo za pa Intaneti, ndi mapulogalamu amisinkhu yonse.
  • [[FLT: 0] Maphunziro: [[FT:1] Mapulogalamu a GED, maphunziro a ntchito, ndi Chingelezi.
  • Maphunziro oyambirira a ana:[[FLT :1] Programu za Preadergarten zimene zimakonzekeretsa ana kupita kusukulu.

Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa bungwe lofufuza zachuma la National Bureau of Economic Research anasonyeza kuti maphunziro apamwamba a ana adakali aang’ono angapitirire pa 7 peresenti pachaka, kupindulitsa anthu ndiponso anthu onse.

Mautumiki Osamalira Zaumoyo

Kusamalira thanzi la anthu onse kumaphatikizapo:

  • [[FLT :0] Zipatala ndi Makiliniki: Kutumikira pansi pa anthu osungidwa ndi kupereka chisamaliro cha ukonde.
  • Kuteteza: Kusintha, kupima thanzi, ndi kuletsa miliri.
  • [[ML:0] Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo: [[FL:1] Tsoka lakutentha, chisamaliro chapatali, ndi mankhwala ogodomalitsa.
  • [[ML:0] Thanzi lachimereka: [[FT] Kuyang'ana malo opangira chakudya, kuyang'anira mpweya wabwino, ndi kukhazikitsa madzi akumwa abwino.

Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse linanena kuti, mayiko amene ali ndi njira zodalirika zothandizira anthu kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino, moyo wawo umakhala ndi mavuto ambiri ndipo ana amafa pang’ono.

3. Mautumiki Otetezera Anthu

Mautumiki ameneŵa amasungitsa malo osungika:

  • [[ML:0] Madipatimenti a polisi: Malamulo okhoma, kuzungulira madera, ndi kufufuza maupandu.
  • Madipatimenti a moto: Kulimbana ndi moto, kuchitapo kanthu pa zachipatala, ndi kuphunzitsa anthu kuti asazike moto.
  • [[NT] Imodzi yothandiza zamankhwala (EMS): mautumiki a Ambulansi posamalira asanafike pomposito.
  • Uyang'aniro wa zamwadzidzidzi: Makampani onga FEMA amene amagwirizanitsa chiyambukiro chachikulu chamwadzidzidzi.

Madipatimenti ambiri masiku ano amagogomezera kuti ntchito zapolisi za boma zikhale zodalirika ndiponso kuti anthu azizikhulupirira kwambiri.

Mabungwe Oona za Magalimoto

Nyumba za zoyendera ndi mautumiki zimagwirizanitsa anthu ndi malo:

  • Road ndi Bridge Seather: Ubwino wa chisungiko ndi malonda.
  • [[FLT :0] Public Transit:[[FLT :1] Mabuse, sitima, njanji zapansi pa nthaka, ndi njanji zonyamulika.
  • Uyang'aniro wa Traffic: [ Zizindikiro, zikwangwani, ndi kayendedwe anzeru.
  • Paratransit: mautumiki apadera kwa anthu olumala.

Bungwe lina loona za kayendedwe ka anthu linanena kuti kuyendetsa galimoto kwathandiza kuti anthu asamasute galimoto, asamawononge mpweya wa carbon, komanso kuti apeze ntchito.

5. Mautumiki a Zachilengedwe

Kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe n’kofunika kwambiri:

  • [[Nthaŵi:0] ndi Kuchiritsa Kwamadzi Opasuka: Kudyetsa madzi abwino akumwa ndi zimbudzi zokhala ndi zimbudzi.
  • Malamulo Olimba a Zani: Kusonkhanitsa zinyalala, kubwezeretsa, ndi ntchito zodzaza malo.
  • Mautumiki a Zosangulutsa: Kusunga mapaki apoyera, njira, ndi malo obiriŵira.
  • Control : Kupima ndi kuwongolera magwero a kuipitsa.

Bungwe loona za malo osungirako zinthu zachilengedwe (EPA) linanena kuti malamulo a madzi abwino achepetsa kwambiri matenda obwera m’madzi.

6. Mautumiki Othandiza Anthu

Mautumiki ameneŵa amathandiza anthu ovutika:

  • [[CUPF:0] Chakudya: Programu ngati SNAP ndi chakudya cha kusukulu.
  • Thandizo losangalatsa: [1] Chigawo 8 zotsimikizira ndi nyumba za onse.
  • Mwana wotetezera: Kukopa chisungiko ndi ubwino wa ana.
  • [[NT] Mautumiki Othandizira: Chakudya pa Magudumu, malo aakulu, ndi chichirikizo.

Mautumiki othandiza anthu kuumoyo amakhala ngati chotetezera umphaŵi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo kusiyana pakati pa bata ndi mavuto a mabanja ambiri.

Mavuto Amene Amakumana Nawo Pothandiza Anthu

Ngakhale kuti ntchito za boma n’zofunika kwambiri, m’madera ambiri anthu amakumana ndi mavuto ambiri chifukwa chomvetsa mavuto amenewa.

  • Kukonza makampani: Mautumiki ambiri a boma amayendetsedwa mwa kukhoma msonkho wa katundu ndi bajeti ya boma, zimene zingasinthe ndi kubwerera m'zachuma. Kukonzanso kwa zipangizo zamakono ndi zotsatirapo wamba, zimene zimayambitsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo pambuyo pake. Mliri wa CHOVID-19 unathandiza kuchepetsa ndalama za maboma ambiri.
  • [[FLT: 0] Sali mapindu onse mofanana. Mamudzi kaŵirikaŵiri alibe njira yopitira ku ulendo wa onse, zipatala, ndi intaneti yokwera. Malo ofikira ndalama zotsika angakhale ndi masukulu ongokonzedwanso ndi mapaki ochepa. Zimenezi zimayambitsa vuto limene mautumiki a anthu amafunidwa kulithetsa koma nthaŵi zina amachirikiza.
  • [[FLT :0] Ntchito zapambali za anthu kaŵirikaŵiri zimapikisana ndi kampani ya boma kaamba ka matalente. Malipiro otsika, kupsinjika maganizo, ndi kupsa ndi ntchito zimatsogolera ku malo ogwirira ntchito, makamaka m'maphunziro, oyamwitsa, ndi kusungitsa lamulo. Kukula kwa likulu la anthu kuli nkhaŵa yeniyeni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kusintha kwa anthu okalamba: Kufunikira chisamaliro chaumoyo ndi mautumiki a anthu, pamene kuli kwakuti achichepere amafunikira maphunziro ndi maphunziro a ntchito. Njira za kusinthitsa zimasinthanso kufunika kwa mautumiki a zinenero ndi kupikisana kwa chikhalidwe. Mautumiki a anthu ayenera kusintha mogwirizana ndi kusintha kumeneku popanda kutaya mtundu.
  • Kufunidwa kwa Kayendetsedwe ka zinthu: [1] Nzika zimayembekezera makompyuta kupezeka ku mautumiki, kuchokera pa Intaneti ku kuyendera kwa dokotala. Mabungwe ambiri a boma alibe zipangizo zothandizira kukonza njira zawo zolankhulira IT, zomwe zimachititsa kusagwira bwino ntchito ndi kugwiritsidwa mwala.
  • M'politi ndi Regatoriast Primes : Bureator tape red tape, kusagwirizana, ndi malamulo otsutsana angachedwetse kupereka utumiki ndi kukonza zinthu zatsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la National League of Cities linati 20 peresenti ya maboma a m’maderawo alibe ndalama zothandizira kukonza zinthu zofunika kwambiri, ndipo zimenezi zikuwonjezera mavuto amene anthu akufunikira.

Kuwongolera Mautumiki a Anthu

Kulimbitsa mautumiki a anthu onse kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu dala pamlingo wosiyanasiyana.

  • Advocate for Sunicate Survivice Fund: Nzika zingachirikize njira zopezera ndalama pa nkhani za mgwirizano kapena kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho koperekedwa ku mautumiki ena monga sukulu kapena zoyendera. Kulimbikitsa boma ndi kuikizira ndalama za boma m'maprogramu a zachuma ndi a mayanjano nkofunika mofananamo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Embrace Technology ndi Innovation:[FLT :1] Makampani angatengere luso lapamwamba la mizinda, monga kutsata njira zenizeni zoyendera, mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti olola, ndi chidziŵitso cha zinthu kuti apange malo oyenera. Telehealth ndi maphunziro akutali ofutukulidwa mkati mwa mliriwo ndi kukhalabe ndi zida zamtengo wapatali.
  • Ivest in Workforce Development: malipiro opindulitsa, mwaŵi wa kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito, ndi kuchirikiza thanzi la maganizo kungawongolere kulembedwa ndi kusungidwa. Mayunivesite ndi masukulu a malonda angapange mapaipi kaamba ka luso latsopano.
  • Foster Community Incenment: Nyumba za tauni zokhazikika, nzika zoperekera pulogalamu, ndi mapulatifomu opereka chidziŵitso pa Intaneti amatsimikizira kuti mautumiki akusonyeza zosoŵa zenizeni. Kugawana bajeti kumathandiza anthu kusankha mwachindunji mmene angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama za boma.
  • Kuŵerengera mobwerezabwereza: [[FLT :1] Kuŵerengera koyenera kukhoza kuvumbula kusiyana kwa kufikirika kwa utumiki. Kuikizira kochitidwa m'malo osungidwa kungathandize kuwonjezera malo oseŵera. Mwachitsanzo, mizinda ina ikupanga malo opulumukira aufulu m'malo otsika olandirirako.
  • Kugwirizanitsa Cross-Sector Collation: Mayanjano a anthu onse angagwiritsitse ntchito ndi kuchirikiza ntchito zazikulu. Zosapindulitsa kaŵirikaŵiri zimakwaniritsa mautumiki a boma, ndipo kugwirizana kungapeŵe kukopa.
  • Kudziwitsa ndi Kugwirizanitsa Kuyambukira: Kusimba mowonekera bwino pa zotulukapo kumakulitsa chidaliro ndi kuŵerengera. Pamene nzika ziwona mmene ndalama zawo za msonkho zimapindulira miyoyo, iwo ali othekera kwambiri kuchirikiza mautumiki a anthu onse.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Chattanooga ku Tennessee, kumene kunamanga nyumba ya anthu onse yopangira zinthu zopangira zipangizo zoyendera.

Kumaliza

Mautumiki a boma ndi othandiza a moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Amaphunzitsa ana athu, kuteteza thanzi lathu, kutiteteza, kutichititsa kukhala otetezeka, kutichititsa kukhala osamala, ndi kusamalira malo okhala ndi osavuta. Pamene kuli kwakuti amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu / kuchokera ku kusoŵa ndalama ndi kusintha kwa anthu. Zopinga zimenezi sizingapambane. Mwakudziŵitsidwa, kulera ana a zaluso, kugulitsa ntchito, ndi kudzipereka zolimba kwa kampani, anthu a m’malo oyenera, ndi a m’chitaganya, zingalimbitse ntchito zawo za onse ndipo, kuchita zimenezo, kukulitsa ubwino wa nzika iliyonse. Mwini aliyense ali ndi udindo womvetsa, phindu, ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'maluso a mautumiki amene amapanga malo a anthu abwino, otukuka, ndi a anthu oyenda bwino.