Nthambi yaikulu ya boma la United States si bungwe lakutali ku Washington, D.C.. Zochita zake zimaumba mtundu wa mpweya umene timapuma, chisungiko cha chakudya chimene timadya, liŵiro la kugwirizana kwathu ndi intaneti, ndi chisungiko cha madera athu. Kuyambira nthaŵi imene mukudzuka ku malo oneneratu za nyengo operekedwa ndi bungwe la boma kufikira nthaŵi imene mumatseka khomo lanu lakutsogolo usiku, nthambi yapamwamba ikugwira ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza kapangidwe kake, kugwira ntchito, ndi mphamvu yeniyeni ya nthambi ya maofesi a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi tsiku, zikumapereka chidziŵitso chokwanira cha mmene dzanja la bomali limathandizira mbali iliyonse ya moyo wamakono wa ku America.

Kumvetsetsa Nthambi ya Otsogolera: Kumanga ndi Cholinga

Nthambi yaikulu ndi imodzi ya nthambi zitatu za boma la United States, yopangidwa ndi Mfundo II ya Malamulo. Udindo wake waukulu ndi kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo operekedwa ndi Congress. Nthambiyo imatsogozedwa ndi Pulezidenti, amene amatumikira monga mutu wa boma ndi mkulu wa boma. Koma Pulezidenti ndi mbali yokha yooneka kwambiri ya gulu lofala lomwe limaphatikizapo Pulezidenti Wamkulu, Kbita, mabungwe ambiri a boma, ndi madipatimenti zikwi zambiri.

Pulezidenti ndi Pulezidenti Waudindo

Pulezidenti amasankhidwa pa zaka zinayi zonse ndipo ali ndi mfundo ziŵiri. Pulezidenti wa boma, wosankhidwa pa tikiti imodzimodziyo, amasankha pulezidenti ngati Prezidenti sangathe kutumikira. Pambuyo pake, Pulezidentiyu amatumikiranso monga Pulezidenti wa Nyumba ya Malamulo ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amasankha malamulo apadera. Maulamuliro a Pulezidenti amaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malamulo a akuluakulu, kulamula magulu ankhondo, ndi kuyendetsa malamulo a maiko ena. Maulamuliro ameneŵa amayambukira anthu mwachindunji mwa zosankha za kukhazikitsa boma, kuchitapo kanthu pa ngozi, ndi mapangano a zamalonda a mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kabinapiti ndi Mautumiki Osonkhezera

Kabinati ili ndi madipatimenti 15 akuluakulu, monga Dipatimenti ya Zachitetezo, Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumoyo, ndi Dipatimenti ya Zoyendera. Dipatimenti iliyonse imayang'anira madera osiyanasiyana ndi kuyendetsa maprogramu okhudza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi imafufuza nyama ndi nyama ndi nkhuku, Dipatimenti ya Maphunziro imayang'anira chithandizo cha ophunzira cha boma, ndi Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security imayang'anira chitetezo cha pabwalo la ndege ndi populumukirapo. Pansi pa mlingo wa kabati, mabungwe, ndi maapoti a bungwe , monga bungwe la Environmental Protection Agemental Agency (EPA), Food and Divition Administrations Commis Commissiontions (FC) ndi Federations (FC).

Malamulo a Olamulira ndi Malamulo

Imodzi ya njira zachindunji kwambiri zimene nthambi ya akuluakulu imayambukira nzika ndiyo mwa malamulo a akuluakulu ndi malamulo a mabungwe. Malamulo apamwamba ndi malamulo operekedwa ndi Pulezidenti amene ali ndi mphamvu ya lamulo, opendedwa. Malamulo, kumbali ina, ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane opangidwa ndi mabungwe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA) imakhazikitsa malamulo amene amafuna kuti antchito apereke mikhalidwe yotetezeka pantchito, pamene EPA imaika malire pa zoipitsa zimene zikukhudza madzi anu akumwa. Malamulo ameneŵa amafalitsidwa mu Federal Register ndi kukhala ndi chiyambukiro cholamulira pa mabizinesi ndi anthu ena mofananamo.

Ntchito Zazikulu za Nthambi Yoyang’anira

Nthambi yaikulu imachita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimene zimachirikiza ulamuliro wa dziko ndi kutumikira anthu mwachindunji. Pansipa pali ntchito zazikulu, iliyonse yokhala ndi zotulukapo zenizeni za dziko.

Kukakamiza Malamulo

Pamlingo waukulu, nthambi yaikulu imatsimikizira kuti malamulo a boma aperekedwa mokhulupirika. Izi zimaphatikizapo zonse kuyambira ozemba msonkho kudzera ku Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo mpaka kulanda katundu wachinyengo kudzera ku polisi za boma la United States. Mabungwe osungitsa malamulo monga FBI, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), ndi Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firsings ndi Exlopasitive (ATF) amagwira ntchito yosunga malamulo a boma. Nthambi ya malamulo ya malamulo a malamulo a boma imachititsanso kuti akaidi andende aikidwe ndi mlandu waukulu. Pamiyendo yaikulu, monga Security ndi KMgwirizano ya za Ndalama (SEC) imaonetsetsa kuti osunga ndalama ndi kusunga umphumphu a malonda a m'masitolo asungidwe.

Kuyendetsa Lamulo la Kunja ndi Kuwononga Ndalama

Pulezidenti akuimira United States kumaiko akunja, kukambirana mapangano (ndi chilolezo cha Nyumba ya Malamulo) ndi kuloŵa m'mapangano aakulu ndi mitundu yachilendo. Dipatimenti ya Boma imayang'anira mapasipoti ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo padziko lonse, kutumiza mapasipoti ndi ma visa ndi kuthandiza anthu a ku America ku mayiko akunja. Zosankha zapamwamba zimakhudza nzika zamalonda mwa malamulo amene amakhudza ndalama zogulitsidwa, mapangano a chitetezo a mayiko onse amene amasunga dzikolo, ndi chithandizo cha anthu chimene chimatsata miyezo ya America. Mwachitsanzo, chosankha cha pulezidenti cha kukhazikitsa mapasipoti pa chitsulo chingakweza ndalama za opanga makampani ndi ogula galimoto ndi ziŵiya zamagetsi.

Kuikidwa kwa Akuluakulu

Pulezidenti amaika anthu zikwizikwi pamalo aakulu, kuphatikizapo alembi a Cabitte, oweruza a boma, akazembe, ndi akuluakulu a mabungwe a ufulu. Malamulo ameneŵa amapanga malangizo a boma kwa zaka zikubwera. Oweruza a Federal, otsimikiziridwa kaamba ka moyo, kumasulira malamulo ndi Malamulo, kusonkhezera ufulu wa anthu, malamulo a malo okhala, ndi mabizinesi. Atsogoleri a bungwe la a bungwelo amakhazikitsa zofunika choyamba kuti atsatiridwe, monga ngati kulondola ntchito zachiwawa zotsutsa unduna kapena kuchepetsa kuyang’anira malo okhalako.

Atsogoleri a Nkhondo

Monga Mkulu wa asilikali, Pulezidenti ali ndi ulamuliro wokulira pa Gulu lankhondo la United States, kuphatikizapo Gulu la Nkhondo, Gulu la Nkhondo, Gulu la Ndege, Marine Corps, Space Force, ndi Coast . Ntchito imeneyi imaphatikizapo kuvomereza ntchito zankhondo, kutumiza asilikali, ndi kupanga zosankha za kuteteza dziko. Chiyambukiro cha nkhondo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chimamvedwa ndi tsoka (monga ngati Gulu la asilikali a Enjini m’nthaŵi ya mphepo zamkuntho), kutetezeredwa kwa njira zoyendera sitima zapamadzi, ndi kukhalapo kwa zipinda zimene zimachirikiza maiko akwane. Kuwonjezerapo, Dipatimenti ya Veteran Affain Affairs (dipatimenti ya zaunduna ya za zaumoyo) imapereka chithandizo ndi mapindu kwa mamiliyoni a asilikali, kukhudza mwachindunji mabanja awo ndi midzimalo.

Kusamalira Ndalama

Chaka chilichonse, Pulezidenti akupereka chikalata cha bajeti kwa Congress chimene chimalongosola zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa maprogramu onse a boma. Pamene kuli kwakuti Congress iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, nthambi yaikulu imawononga ndalama ndi kuyendetsa ndalama za boma. Ofesi ya Management and Bactal (OMB) imagwirizanitsa ntchito imeneyi. Zigamulo za ndalama zothandizira zinthu zapamwamba, maphunziro, kusamala zaumoyo, ndi chitetezo cha dziko zikusintha kukhala zotsatira zenizeni za magalimoto, monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama zofufuzira, ndi chiŵerengero cha oyendetsa ndege. Nthambi yapamwamba imasonkhanitsanso ndalama kudzera mu Pernernern Revetion Service (IS), kukhudza ndalama za mwiniyoyo.

Mmene Nthambi Yoyang’anira Imayambukirira Moyo Wanu wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

M’munsimu, nthambi ya akuluakulu ya dzikolo imapezeka m’madera amene anthu ambiri amaona kuti ndi yothandiza.

Maphunziro Abwino ndi Othandiza

Department of Education imayang'anira ngongole za ophunzira a boma ndi kupereka ndalama zothandizira mamiliyoni a anthu amene amapita ku koleji. Imakhazikitsanso malamulo a ufulu wachibadwidwe m'sukulu ndi kuika miyezo ya zopereka za chidziŵitso pa kukwaniritsa maphunziro. Nthambi yaikulu ingapereke malamulo atsopano pa kukhululukira ophunzira, Pell Grant eligizes , ndi kusonkhanitsa ngongole ya ophunzira. Kuwonjezera apo, National School Lunch Program, yoyendetsedwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi, imapatsa ana chakudya chaulere kapena chochepa m’mabanja opeza ndalama zochepa .

Kupeza Thanzi Losamalira Anthu ndi Thanzi Lachisawawa

Malo a zaumoyo amapangidwa ndi ntchito za akuluakulu a nthambi. Dipatimenti ya zaumoyo ndi ya anthu (HS) imayang'anira Medicare, Medicaid, ndi Affordal Care Act (ACA). Malamulo a Pulezidenti angafutukule kapena kuletsa, kusintha mankhwala operekedwa ndi boma, ndi kuchirikiza kufufuza zamankhwala kudzera ku National Institutes of Health (NIH). Pakachitika ngozi zaumoyo wa anthu onse, monga mliri wa CHOID-19, nthambi yapamwamba imayang'anira ntchito yopereka mankhwala, kuyesa, ndi kutsogolera kuchokera ku Centers for Diseaselsease Control and Devention (CDC). CD imaonetsetsa kuti pali njira zatsopano zochiritsira za mankhwala ndi zamankhwala.

Kusungidwa kwa Anthu Onse ndi Kukakamizidwa kwa Chilamulo

Chisungiko cha boma chimaposa cha apolisi a m'deralo. Nthambi yoyang'anira ikukhazikitsa malamulo a boma oletsa uchigaŵenga, kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, upandu wa pa Intaneti, ndi kulinganiza upandu kupyolera mwa mabungwe onga FBI ndi Department of Homeland Security . Ofesi Yotetezera Ofesi pabwalo la ndege (TSA) imatumiza anthu pabwalo la ndege, pamene Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) imayankha ku masoka achilengedwe. Ofera ya Ndendesheni ya Ndendege za Ndende za Ndende, ndipo Ofesi ya Justice Programmes imapereka chivo ku boma ndi malamulo a boma a boma a boma ndi kuletsa upandu.

Malamulo a Zachilengedwe ndi Lamulo la Nyengo

Nthambi yapamwamba imathandiza kwambiri kuteteza chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Bungwe loona za malo osungirako zachilengedwe (Epa) limakhazikitsa njira zoyendetsera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa galimoto ndi malo a mafakitale, limakonza madzi akumwa, ndipo limakonza zoyeretsa malo otayika oopsa. Malamulowa amathandiza kuti dziko likhale logwirizana ndi mayiko onse ogwirizana ndi nyengo, monga la Paris Reavention, losonyeza kuti likufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wotenthetsa mpweya wotentha. Malamulo amenewa amakhudza mpweya umene mumapuma, madzi amene mumamwa, ndi mitundu ya anthu amene ali m’dera lanu. Kuwonjezera apo, Dipatimenti ya za chigawo cha Finland imayang'anira madera onse, malo osungirako zinthu za m'dziko, ndi kutsegulira mabomba, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokomezera, ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Makhalidwe a Zachuma ndi Chitetezo cha Ogula

Bungwe la Khirisimasi limayang'anira ndalama za dziko lonse, kuphatikizapo misonkho, ngongole, ndi malamulo oonetsetsa kuti zinthu zayende bwino. Pamene Federal Reserve ili yokha, Pulezidenti amasankha Boma lake la Bwana, amene amakhazikitsa ziwongola ndalama zimene zimakhudza ngongole, makhadi a ngongole, ndi makampani. Malamulo a malonda, opangidwa ndi United States Trade Intecration ndi Dipatimenti ya za zamalonda, amasintha ndalama zogulitsidwa m'dzikolo ndi za kupikisana kwa mayiko a ku America. Mabungwe oteteza a bungwe la Consumercial Finial Protection Bureaual Bereaual (FPB) ndi makampani a za za za zamalonda (FTC), kusungitsa malonda, kunyenga, ndi kuba.

Zoyendera Ndiponso Zinthu Zowonongeka

Nthaŵi iliyonse imene muyendetsa galimoto pamsewu wapakati pa dziko, kuuluka m’ndege yamalonda, kapena kukwera sitima, mumadalira pa nthambi yoyang'anira. Dipatimenti ya Transportation (DOT) imayang'anira Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Highway Administration, Federal Rail Ortrap Administration, ndi National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSA). Mabungwe ameneŵa amakhazikitsa miyezo ya chitetezo, kuyang'anira zoyendetsa ndege, kukumbutsa, ndi kulinganiza ndalama zothandizira misewu ndi magalimoto.

Zakudya Zosawonongeka Ndiponso Zakudya Zogula

FDA imayang'anira kutetezereka kwa zakudya zambiri (kusiyapo nyama, nkhuku, ndi mazira opangidwa ndi mazira, amene amagwera pansi pa USDA). Mukagula chakudya choikidwa kapena mpando wa mwana wa galimoto, mumaganiza kuti nthambi ya zaulimi yachita ntchito yake kuti ikhale yotetezeka. Mabungwe ameneŵa amadalira nthambi ya akuluakulu a nthambi kuti akupatseni ndalama, kutsogolera, ndi kusungitsa.

Ufulu wa Anthu ndi Chiweruzo Cholungama

Nthambi yaikulu imakhazikitsa malamulo a boma amene amaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa fuko, thangata, chipembedzo, kupunduka, ndi zinthu zina. Dipatimenti ya Chilungamo cha Civil Rights Division imafufuza kusayenera kwa apolisi, kuswa ufulu wosankha ufulu wa anthu, ndi kusankhana nyumba. Malamulo a akuluakulu a boma angapitirenso patsogolo pa kuchotsapo kapena kuletsa tsankho pamaziko a kugonana ndi . Zochita zimenezi zili ndi chiyambukiro chenicheni pa kukondera kwa anthu pantchito, ntchito, ndi nyumba.

Mapekesera ndi Kulinganizika: Kuŵerengera

Nthambi yapamwamba siichita zinthu popanda kanthu. dongosolo la kupima ndi kulinganiza la Lamulo limatsimikizira kuti palibe nthambi imodzi imene imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri.

Uyang’aniro Wochitidwa Mwalamulo ndi Mabungwe

Congress iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ya chikwamacho . Nyumba ndi Nyumba ya Nyumba ikhozanso kuchititsa kuweruza, zikalata zaing'ono zapanthambi, ndi kufufuza zochita za nthambi. Nyumba ya Malamulo ikhazikitsa mapangano a pulezidenti ndipo iyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu awiri atatu. Kuwonjezera apo, Nyumba ya Malamulo ikhoza kuchotsa voti ya pulezidenti ndi magawo awiri . Maulamuliro ameneŵa amakakamiza nthambi ya akuluakulu kulungamitsa malamulo ake ndi kulemekeza malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Nyumba za Malamulo zingatsekereze ndalama zothandizira kumanga khoma lamalire kapena kukakamiza akuluakulu a bungwe kuti apereke umboni wa zigamu zawo.

Kupenda Kwachiweruzo Kochitidwa ndi Makhoti

Makhoti a boma ali ndi ulamuliro wopenda machitidwe a akuluakulu ndi kugamulapo kaya ngati agwirizana ndi Malamulo ndi malamulo a boma. Aliyense woyambukiridwa ndi lamulo la kayendetsedwe kapena lamulo la akuluakulu angaitsutse m’khoti. Khoti Lapamwamba lathetsa machitidwe a maulamuliro pamaziko onga kupitirira ulamuliro walamulo kapena kuswa ufulu wa munthu. Mayeso a chiweruzo ameneŵa amatsimikizira kuti nthambi yapamwambayo itsatire lamulo, kutetezera nzika ku zigamulo zodzisankhira kapena zosaloledwa ndi lamulo.

Kuŵerengera Anthu Onse Kudzera m’Zisankho ndi Chigamulo cha Chigamulo

Nzika zimachita kuyang'anira nthambi ya akuluakulu pa masankho. Pulezidenti amasankhidwa pa zaka zinayi zilizonse, ndipo kupangidwa kwa Congress kumasintha pa zaka ziŵiri zilizonse. Oyang'anira angapereke kapena kulanga gulu lamphamvu yozikidwa pa kugwira ntchito kwa nthambi ya akuluakulu. Pambuyo pa bokosi la pepala, nzika zingagawane ndi oimira, kumvetsera anthu pa mfundo zoperekedwa mwalamulo, kupereka ndemanga pa ntchito yokhazikitsa malamulo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo woyamba wotsutsa kapena kuchonderera boma. Kufufuza ndi kufalitsa magazini a Media kumagwiranso ntchito monga cheke, kuvumbula kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kapena kusaona bwino zachinyengo.

Kufunitsitsa ndi Kusudzulidwa

Malamulo amalola Nyumba ya Oimira kutsutsa Pulezidenti, Pulezidenti, kapena akuluakulu ena a boma kaamba ka “kulingalira, chiphuphu, kapena maupandu ena aakulu ndi olakwa. Ndiyeno Nyumba ya Malamulo iweruza mlandu ndipo ingaikidwe mlandu ndi anthu atatu aŵiri, zotsatirapo kuchotsedwa pa udindo. Pamene kuli kwakuti kusamvera sikuchitikachitika, kuli chiletso champhamvu choletsa kugwiritsira ntchito molakwa mphamvu ndipo kwagwiritsiridwa ntchito m'mbiri ya Amereka, kuphatikizapo Pulezidenti Andrew Johnson, Bill Clinton, ndi Donald Trump (tcice).

Kumaliza: Nthambi Yoyang’anira Monga Mnzanga wa Tsiku ndi Tsiku

Nthambi yapamwamba si yakutali, yanthambi yongoyerekezera. Ndi mphamvu imene imatsimikizira kuti madzi a pampope wanu ndi abwino, ntchito yanu imatetezeredwa ndi miyezo ya thanzi ndi chitetezo, ulendo wanu wa pandege ndi wotetezeka, ndipo ufulu wanu wa zachuma umatetezedwa. Kuchokera ku bungwe la Social Security cheches zimene zimachirikiza malamulo a chilengedwe amene amasunga mpweya woyera kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, nthambi yapamwamba imalumikizidwa m'mayalo a moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuzindikira mmene imagwirira ntchito ndi mmene mungagwirire ntchito ndi kuigwirizanitsira ndi kuvota, ndemanga yapo ndi ya anthu a m'dziko kuti mukhale wothandiza pa democraliti ya democracy. Nthaŵi yotsatira mudzaona chizindikiro cha chakudya, kapepala ka ndege, kapena kulandira msonkho, kachipangizo kotengera ka kuzindikira makina a za nthambi za ntchito imene imathandiza.