Ntchito ya Raje Sabra m’Malamulo a Zaulimi ku India

Malamulo a zaulimi ku India amayambukira moyo wa anthu oposa theka la anthu a dzikolo ndipo amakhazikitsa chisungiko cha chakudya kwa anthu 1.4 biliyoni. Raje Sabba, kapena Msonkhano wa ku United States, ndilo nyumba yapamwamba ya Palamende ya Indiya ndipo amachita mbali yapadera m'kuyeretsa ndi kuyendetsa malamulo aulimi. Pamene kuli kwakuti Lok Sabhaha mwachindunji imaimira anthu, Rajiya Sabba amapatsa pulatifomu kaamba ka maboma kuti apereke nkhani za ulimi wa m’chigawo, kupenda ndalama zoperekedwa ndi nyumba yaing'ono, ndi kukonzanso malamulo a famu amene amapangitsa malamulo kukhala othandiza kwambiri ndi ophatikizapo. Kuzindikira mmene chipindachimbirachi nkofunika kwa aliyense kukhudzana ndi chikolewe, lamulo la za kudziko, chitukuko cha chigawo, kapena chitukuko.

Kusintha Malamulo ndi Kusintha

Raje Sabba wakhazikitsidwa pansi pa Mfundo 80 ya Constitution of India. Mamembala ake amasankhidwa ndi mamembala osankhidwa a misonkhano ya boma, ndipo angapo amasankhidwa ndi Pulezidenti chifukwa cha ukatswiri wawo m’minda monga umisiri, sayansi, mabuku, ndi ntchito ya kakhalidwe ka anthu. Kusankhidwa kwachinsinsi kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti chipindachi chinapangidwa ndi anthu amene ali ndi chidziŵitso chachikulu kwambiri m'dziko, kuphatikizapo zaulimi, kuthirira, ndi kuyendetsa madera akumidzi.

Mosiyana ndi Lok Sabha, imene imasungunuka zaka zisanu zilizonse, Raje Sabha ndi thupi lachikhalire. Chiŵalo chimodzi chitatu chimapuma pantchito zaka ziŵiri zilizonse, kupitiriza kuyang'anira boma. Kukhazikika kumeneku nkofunika kwambiri makamaka pa kusintha kwa nyengo zaulimi, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna kutsutsana ndi kuyang'anira nyengo zobzala ndi kulinganiza kwa bajeti zambiri.

Mphamvu yaikulu ya Raje Sabba ndi 250, ndi magawo oimira 238 ndi magawo a Union ndi 12 ndipo ili ndi mamembala pafupifupi 245. Maboma okhala ndi zigawo zazikulu za ulimi. Zonga Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madcha Pradesh, ndi Punjab, amatsimikizira kuti nkhani za agrian zilandira chisamaliro choyenera.

Njira Yolamulira Malamulo ya Mabuku a Zaulimi

Malamulo aulimi ku India angayambitsidwe m'nyumba iliyonse ya Nyumba ya Malamulo, kusiyapo ndalama zimene ziyenera kuyambika ku Lok Sabha . Mafamu ambiri ogwirizana ndi ndalama zogulitsira zinthu . Monga aja osamalira kusintha kwa nthaka, mabungwe ogwirizana, ulimi wogulitsa, kapena chitetezo cha chakudya. Kuchokera ku Lok Sabha, kuperekedwa choyamba ndi Lok Sabha ndipo kenaka kutumizidwa ku Rajiya Sabba kuti akafufuzidwe.

Ntchito Yokonzanso Zinthu

Anzakewo akamakambirana mfundo iliyonse, amafunsa mafunso okhudza mmene ndalamazo zimakhudzira alimi, ndipo amanena kuti asintha.

  • Mapepala a mtengowo popanda kusintha [[FT:1] – m’nkhani imene amatumizidwa kwa Pulezidenti kuti avomereze.
  • Lalani lamulolo [1] – Izi zikakamiza Lok Sabha kubwereramo, koma nyumba yapamwamba singathe kutsekereza malamulo kwachikhalire. Ngati mlanduwo uperekedwanso ndi Lok Sabba ndi kapena popanda kukonza, kukhala pamodzi kwa nyumba zonsezo kungasonkhanitsidwe kuthetsa kusiyana maganizo (Article 108).
  • Kubweza mtengowo ndi ziwongolero [1] – The Lok Sabha angavomereze kapena kukana zitsutso zimenezi. Ngati akana, mphini wakufayo umachititsa kuti pakhale mfundo zogwirizana.

M’njira yozoloŵereka, Raje Sabba sagonjetsa lamulo la boma chifukwa chakuti olamulirawo kaŵirikaŵiri amalamula anthu ambiri m’Lok Sabba ndipo angachirikizidwenso mokwanira ku Rajiya Sabba. Komabe, pamene boma lisoŵa ambiri m’nyumba yapamwambayo .Apo panachitika pakati pa 2014 ndi 2020 . Rajiya Sabba amakhala cheke champhamvu, akumakakamiza boma kukambitsirana ndi kukonzanso ngongole.

Chizindikiro: [[FLT :1] Kuyenera kwa Malamulo a Chiwongolero ndi Kuonana m'Chigawo cha Dziko, Rehabilitation ndi Reparect (LARR) Chikalata cha 2013 chinaperekedwa ndi Lokabhaha. M'kapwirikiti ya Rajiya Sabba, mikangano yaikulu inapangitsa kukonzanso zinthu zimene zinalimbikitsa alimi ndi kutsimikizira kuti akambirana ndi mabungwe a m'midzi. Matembenuzidwe amene pomalizira pake anakhala lamulo lophatikizapo malingaliro ambiri a Raji Sabha.

Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito Pathupi

Pamene nyumba zonse ziŵiri sizigwirizana pa lamulo lachisawawa, Pulezidenti angagwirizane. Popeza kuti Lok Sabhaha ili ndi ziŵalo zoposa kaŵiri za Raje Sabba, boma kaŵirikaŵiri limalamulira. Komabe, kugwirizana kwa anthu kumakhala kosoŵa kwambiri [1] Kokha zitatu nzimene zachitika kuyambira 1950, palibe mwachindunji pa lamulo lalikulu la famu. Kuthekera kwa kukhala pamodzi kumalimbikitsa Rapya Sabba kukambirana mwamphamvu mmalo mwa kungokana lamulo.

Zitsanzo za Raje Sabha Zokhudza Malamulo a Zaulimi

Chiyambukiro cha Raje Sabra chimamvedwa bwino kwambiri mwa zitsanzo za konkire. Nazi nthaŵi zinayi zowopsa pamene lamulo la zaulimi la m'nyumba yapamwamba linapangidwa.

Malamulo a Pafamu 2020 a Kufufuza ndi Kugwira Ntchito

Malamulo atatu a pafamu anaperekedwa mu September 2020 .Act ya Farms Ive Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facial) Act, Alimi (Kupereka ndi Kutetezera) Chipangano pa Price Menicence and Farm Service Act, ndi Esential Commondaties (Amendment) Act . Anaphunzitsidwa monga malamulo ndipo kenaka monga ndalama mu Lok Sabba. Rajiya Sabba adawatsutsana nawo kwa maola angapo, ndi ziŵalo zotsutsa kupenda komiti. Mosasamala kanthu za unyinji wa boma pa nthaŵiyo, Rajiya Sabha adadzutsa mafunso otsutsa za pangano lokhudza malamulo, makhoti, ndi ziyambukiro za alimi pa zaulimi [FL: 0]

Zitsutso za boma ndi milandu ya Khoti Lalikulu zinakakamiza kuti apereke chigamulo cha Rajiya Sabba pa nthaŵi ya mikangano imeneyo. Mwachitsanzo, mamembala a ku Punjab ndi Haryana anagogomezera kusoŵa kwa Seat Service Price, pamene oimira a ku Karnataka ndi Maharashtra analongosola kufunika kwa malamulo amphamvu a boma. Kusiyanasiyana kumeneku kwa mawu . Kusiyana kumeneku ku janhashrine ku nyumba ya Raja Sabha .

Malamulo Ofunika Apereka Malamulo

Malamulo a Encyclopolaties Act a mu 1955 amapereka mphamvu ya boma yoyang'anira ntchito, kugaŵira, ndi kugaŵira zinthu zofunika, kuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri zaulimi. Kukonza zinthu mu 2020 cholinga chake chinali kuchotsa mbewu za m'munda, kugunda, mafuta odyedwa, ndi anyezi, kuchotsa masitolo kusiyapo pa zochitika zachilendo. Mayeso a Rajiya Sabba anafufuza mosamala. Mayeso a komiti anapangitsa kusintha zinthu zimene boma linafuna kuti lidziŵitse zifukwa zenizeni zoikira malire a ma stock, motero kuteteza ku Kayendedwe ka malonda ndi a malonda.

MMENE MUNGATHE KUSANGALALA

NFSA isanaikidwe, Komiti Yapampando ya Raje Sabha pa Zakudya ndi Consumer Affairs inali ndi kufufuza kwakukulu ndi maboma a boma, mabungwe a alimi, ndi akatswiri a zakudya. Malamulo a nyumba yapamwamba anathandiza kufutukula kuchokera ku 61% ya mabanja akumidzi olingaliridwa poyamba kufika ku 75% (ndi 50% ya tauni) ndi kutsimikizira kuti chakudya choyenera kwa akazi oyembekezera ndi ana chinali kuphatikizidwa monga zoyenera zalamulo. Chikalata chomalizira chinasonyeza malamulo ambiri a Rajiya Sabba, kusonyeza mmene chipindacho chingalinganizire malamulo a zaulimidwe bwino.

Kukonda Zakudya ndi Njuchi Kusunga Mabiliyoni Ochirikiza

Alimi a Niche nthaŵi zina amawona chiyambukiro chowonekera bwino kuchokera ku Rajeya Sabba. Mwachitsanzo, National Beeververs and Nuch Mission adakanganizidwa m'nthaŵi zambiri mu Rajeya Sabba. Mamembala ochokera ku maiko okhala ndi kutulutsa kwauchi kwapadera . Monga Uttankankhand, Himal Pradesh, ndi West Bengal . Ndalama zoyendetsedwa bwino kwambiri m'mafakitale, ndi kuŵerengetsera ulimi monga ntchito yoyenerera kuthandizira. Zopereka za m'chigawo cha chigawo chimenechi kaŵirikaŵiri zimanyalanyazidwa m'kambitsirano wamba la lamulo la famu.

Ntchito ya Makomiti a Nyumba ya Malamulo pa Uyang’aniro wa Zaulimi

Ntchito yaikulu ya Rajiya Sabba imachitika m’makomiti. Komiti ya Malo Oimira Palamente pa Zaulimi ili ndi mamembala ngati 31, amene pafupifupi 10 amatengedwa kuchokera ku Rajiya Sabba. Makomiti ameneŵa amasanthula ndalama, kufunidwa kwa ndalama (mabolidi), ndi mapepala a malamulo a ntchito zauminisitala onga Ministry of Agriculture and Apulains’s Welfare.

  • Kufufuza kwa makampani opanga: Makomiti angatche mboni, kuphatikizapo atumiki a zaulimi a boma, oimira alimi, asayansi a ku Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), ndi makampani. Zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti ndalama zimayengedwa asanafike pansi.
  • Uyang'aniro woluluzika: komiti imapenda bajeti ya ulimi, kuphatikizapo zogaŵira kaamba ka makonzedwe onga PMSAN, makhadi a zaumoyo, ndi kuthirira. Mamembala a komiti a Raje Sabha angavomereze kusamutsidwa kwa ndalama kuchokera ku njira zosagwira ntchito kupita ku zopindulitsa kwambiri.
  • Malipoti a mutu wa mutu wakuti: Malipoti a komiti yaposachedwapa amaphatikizapo “Umboni wa Covid-19 pa Kagulu Kaulimi”, “Project and Exportific Products , ndi“Pricing and Availble of Fertiliser . Zikalatazi kaŵirikaŵiri zimatsogolera ku kachitidwe ka boma kapena lamulo latsopano.

Mwachitsanzo, lipoti la 2021 la Disct Committee on Agriculture on “Roufers of Couffairs in Agriculturating” linathandiza kukonza Act Act ya Mlilt Cooperative Societies (Amendment), 2022. Raje Sabba komiti imeneyo inapanga malingaliro kuchokera ku maiko onga Gujarat ndi Maharashtra, kumene kugwirizana kuli kwamphamvu.

Kuimira Zokondweretsa za Boma ndi Kusiyana kwa Magawo

Imodzi ya ntchito zazikulu za Rajiya Sabba ndiyo kuimira maiko monga mayuniti, kutsimikizira kuti lamulo laulimi silinyalanyaza mitundu ya malo. Ulimi wa India si wokha: Punjab amalima tirigu ndi pady, Karnataka amamera ragi ndi khofi, ndipo Kerala amalima labala ndi zonunkhira. Lamulo limodzi la pafamu lingayambukire magawo ameneŵa mosiyana kwambiri.

  • Magawo odalirana kwambiri: [1] Raje Sabha a m'mayiko a chilala monga Rajasthan ndi Maharashtra kaŵirikaŵiri amachirikiza kuphatikiza kulinganiza kwabwino kwa mbewu ndi makonzedwe a inshuwalansi.
  • Alimi ndi mafuko: Ziŵalo za m'maboma a Himalaya ndi Kumpoto cha Kumpoto zokakamiza kaamba ka zinthu zapadera zogwirizana ndi kulima (kusuntha) jum, zoyenera za nkhalango, ndi kupezeka ku misika ya zokolola.
  • Zoyenera za `Interstate': mikangano ya madzi ya m'mayiko monga a Cauvery, Krishna, ndi Satuj-Yamuna kugwirizana ndi [1] ndi nthaŵi zambiri kukulira m'Rajiya Sabba. Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zonse sizimayambitsa kusintha kwa malamulo, mikangano imeneyi imayambukira kapangidwe ka Pradan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yhoina (PMKSY) ndi malamulo ena othirira.

Raje Sabra amatumikiranso monga mpanda kumene maboma a boma anganene kuti sakugwirizana ndi malamulo a zaulimi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene boma lalikulu likupereka malamulo pa malonda aulimi kapena kugula malo, maboma kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsira ntchito ziŵalo zawo za Rajiya Sabba kupempha kuyang'anira kapena kulipira ndalama.

Mavuto ndi Zolephera pa Ntchito ya Raje Sabha

Ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma ndi ofunika kwambiri, Raje Sabha ali ndi mavuto ambiri okhudza ntchito yomanga ndiponso ndale, omwe anachititsa kuti malamulo a zaulimi azikhala odalirika.

Kusintha kwa Ndale Zadziko

Monga Lok Sabha, Rajiya Sabba wayamba kutha mphamvu. Ziŵalo zambiri zimavota m'madera a chipani mmalo mwa zikondwerero za boma. Zimenezi zimafooketsa ntchito ya chipinda monga woimira maboma. Mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa mikangano ya lamulo ya 2020 ya pa famu, anthu ambiri a Raji Sabba a m’gulu lolamulira anachirikiza ndalamazo ngakhale pamene maiko awo anali ndi nkhaŵa yaikulu. Kuwonjezereka kwa “maliri ya ndalama [1] kudutsa kudutsa Raja Sabba pa nkhani zosakhala za ndalama kumachepetsanso mphamvu yake yofufuza.

Kusintha Nthaŵi ndi Kutenga Nthawi

Raje Sabra amakumana kwa masiku 70-80 pachaka, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri ndalama zaulimi zimapikisana ndi malamulo ena ofunikira choyamba. Malamulo ovuta angayambitse kutsutsana kwa maola angapo chabe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kupenda komiti kumakhala njira yaikulu yolingalirira tsatanetsatane, koma makomiti eniwo amayang'anizana ndi zikalata za kumbuyo . Komiti ya Disty on Agriculture kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala ndi nkhani zoposa khumi ndi limodzi zimene zikutsalira panthaŵi iriyonse.

Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu pa Malipiro a Ndalama

Mfundo 110 imalongosola ndalama zimene Wolankhulayo amapanga. Ngati ndalama zalembedwa kuti ndi ndalama, Rajiya Sabba sangazikanize kapena kuzibweza; zingangopereka malingaliro akuti Lok Sabha angavomereze kapena kukana. Zina mwa ndalama za pa famu zochokera kwa anthu ena. Zingafanane ndi zimene zaperekedwa pa ndalama kapena za chakudya.

Kusoŵeka kwa Kuimira Kolondola kwa Alimi

Mosiyana ndi Lok Sabba, amene mamembala ake amasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi anthu . kuphatikizapo alimi . Rajya Sabba amasankhidwa ndi opanga malamulo a boma. Chisankho chimenechi chingachititse kuti asamagwirizane ndi nkhani zaulimi. Otsutsa amanena kuti mamembala osatchulidwa, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amatchuka kapena akatswiri a zachuma, sadziwa zambiri za moyo wa pafamu. Komabe, mamembala ena a akazi athandiza kwambiri pa ntchito zaulimi (m’maganizo a sayansi ndi zachuma).

Mbali Zamtsogolo ndi Masinthidwe Olimbikitsa Malamulo a Zaulimi

Kuti alimbikitse Raje Sabra kuchirikiza lamulo la ulimi, makomiti a nyumba ya malamulo ndi magulu a anthu akonza njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira zinthu.

  • Komiti yopatula: Ndalama zambiri zaulimi ziyenera kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kuimirira kapena kusankha makomiti asanayambe kukambitsirana za m'chipinda chapansi. Pakali pano, ndalama zambiri zimadutsa pa siteji imeneyi mwa “chilolezo” kutseka kapena kufulumira kwa zochita.
  • Malamulo opimira a boma olimbitsa: The Inter- Stateous Council (Article 263) iyenera kukumana kaŵirikaŵiri kuti ikambirane malamulo a zaulimi. Mamembala a Raje Sabba akanatha kukhala pampando wokambirana, kutsegulira mpata pakati pa pakati ndi mayiko.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kufufuza kwa mphamvu ya 'legiss': Asanakhazikitse lamulo la famu, boma liyenera kutumiza chikalata chatsatanetsatane cha mphamvu ya zachuma ndi ya chitaganya kwa Raje Sabha . Zimenezi zingapangitse mamembalawo kukhala ndi chidziŵitso cholimba chokambirana.
  • Tsalani “katundu wa ndalama” njira: Chitsogozo cha Khoti Lapamwamba kapena malamulo a nyumba ya malamulo ayenera kulongosola kuti kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zaulimi sikungazembedwe ndi ndalama kokha chifukwa chakuti zimaphatikizapo kuwonongedwa.
  • Oimira a boma m'mapangano: Kachitidwe kopatsira ziŵalo ku Rajiya Sabhaha kangaphatikizepo chiyeneretso chakuti pafupifupi theka la malo okhala ndi mitu yaing'ono adzazidwe ndi anthu aluso m’kumudzi, ulimi, kapena kusungika.

Kumaliza

Raje Sabba si wongolemba mphira kuti apange malamulo a ulimi. Ntchito yake ya malamulo monga chipinda chokonzerako alimi, ntchito ya komiti, ndi kuimira kwake boma ndi zikondwerero za chigawo imapereka mayeso ofunika pa kachitidwe ka mabwana a munthu. Mwa kukonza ndalama monga Land Acquisition Act ndi National Food Security Act, ndi mwa kutsutsana kolimba pa malamulo 2020 a famu, Rajanha Sabha wasonyeza kukhoza kwake kuyambitsa malamulo a zaulimi.

Komabe, kupambana kwa chipindacho kumafooketsedwa ndi kugaŵikana kwa ndale zadziko, zitsenderezo za nthaŵi, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kwa ndalama zopitira. Kuti mbali ya zaulimi ya India ilandire lamulo lolinganizika, lolingaliridwa bwino, Rajiya Sabba iyenera kupatsidwa mphamvu yakuyanjidwa mwa kukonzanso kwa masinthidwe ndi kudziperekanso kwa boma lake. Potsirizira pake, nyumba yapamwamba imatanthauza malamulo olimba kwambiri kwa mamiliyoni a a a alimi aang’ono omwe amadalira pa malamulo ochirikiza.

Pamene India akupitiriza kukonza ulimi wake . Luso lothandiza kukonza zinthu, kulolera, ndi kupirira kwa nyengo . Raje Sabha adzakhalabe malo ofunika kwambiri kumene mawu osiyanasiyana a maboma 28 ndi magawo asanu ndi atatu a Union angaumbe za mtsogolo mwa ulimi. Choloŵa chake sichili chopinga, koma m'kukonza. Kwa osunga mitengo m'gulu lampatuko, kuzindikira malo ameneŵa sikuli kodzisankhira. Nkofunika kuti apange bwino ndi kupanga zosankha.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa kachitidwe ka malamulo ku India, onani chilolezo cha lamulo cha . Raja Sabra Sectariat . Kaamba ka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa ndalama za ulimi, amatchula za [ PGALISF] Kufufuza kwa Malamulo [[FLT:]. Chidziŵitso cha malamulo 2020 a famu ndi zotsatira zake chingapezeke m'malipoti a kulowa kwa ulimi ndi Alimi. . Malamulo, [[FLT:]