Table of Contents

Mpumulo Wachikhumi ndi Chiŵiri: Zaka Zaunyinji Zopangidwa

Demetrition ya 19 pa United States Constitution, yovomerezedwa mu 1920, imaimira chipambano chapadera m'kumenyera ufulu wa akazi. Kusintha kumeneku kwa lamulo kunapatsa akazi kuyenera kwa kuvota, kusintha demokrase ya America ndi kuzindikiritsa mapeto a nkhondo yomwe inatenga zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri. Pamtima pa gulu lapaderali panali akazi aŵiri amene kugwirizana kwawo, kuona, ndi kudzipereka kwawo kosagwedera kunasintha njira ya mbiri ya Amereka: Susan B.Anthony ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton, atsogoleri a gulu la akazi lomenyera ufulu wa akazi mu U.S.

Nkhani ya kulimba mtima kwa akazi ku America ndi imodzi ya kulimba mtima, kulimbikira, ndi nzeru zapadera. Pamene kuli kwakuti anthu ambiri anathandizira kuchititsa zimenezi, kugwirizana kwa Anthony ndi Stanton kunatsimikizira kukhala kwamphamvu ndi kokhalitsa. Kugwirizana kwawo, komwe kunayamba mu 1851 ndipo kunakhala zaka 50, kunayambitsa maziko a nzeru, gulu, ndi mphamvu za ndale zimene potsirizira pake zikasungitsa ufulu wosankha akazi a ku America. Kumvetsa zothandizira zawo ndi kugwirizana kwawo kumapereka nzeru yofunika kwambiri kwa gulu la anthu m'mbiri ya America.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Moyo Woyambirira ndi Kuphunzira

Ndinaleredwa ndi Maphunziro Ochuluka

Bambo ake Daniel Cady anali loya amene pambuyo pake anakhala woweruza pa Bwalo Lapamwamba la New York. Mwayi umenewu unampatsa mwayi wophunzira ndi kulimbikitsa maganizo apamwamba kwa akazi a m’nyengo yake, komanso unam’chititsa kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kwa malamulo kumene akazi anayang’anizana ndi lamulo la ku America.

Mu 1826, imfa ya mchimwene wake Eleazar inamchititsa kukhala wopambana m'dera lirilonse mchimwene wakeyo poyesa kubwezera atate wake chifukwa cha kutaikiridwa kwake. Tsoka limeneli linakhala chokumana nacho chosangalatsa, pamene Elizabeti wachichepere anayesayesa kutsimikizira kuti ali wolingana ndi mwana aliyense pamaso pa atate wake. Ngakhale kuti iye anapambana, anakumana ndi mfundo yomvetsa chisoni yakuti chitaganya chinaika malire aakulu pa mwaŵi wa akazi, mosasamala kanthu za maluso awo kapena zipamba zawo.

Maphunziro ndi Kugalamuka Mwalamulo

Iye anakaphunzira nawo pa Troy Femainy Seminary yopita patsogolo, kumene analandira maphunziro abwino koposa opezeka kwa mkazi wachichepere wa m’ma 1830. Stanton anamaliza maphunziro ku Troy Femaidy Seminary mu 1832. Sukulu imeneyi, yokhazikitsidwa ndi Emma Willard, inali pakati pa maphunziro apamwamba koposa kwa akazi mu America, akumapatsa Stanton maziko a nzeru kwambiri omwe akamthandiza m’moyo wake wonse.

Maphunziro ake anapitira patsogolo kupyola pa maphunziro apamwamba. Pamene anali kuphunzira mu ofesi yalamulo ya atate wake, anapeza chidziŵitso cha malamulo oimira moyo wa akazi. Iye anaphunzira za kubisa ndi [1] chiphunzitso chalamulo chimene chinapatsa akazi okwatiwa "kufa " m'maso mwa lamulo . Ndiponso anaona akazi amene anabwera ku ofesi ya atate awo kukafuna thandizo la mavuto alamulo amene anachokera mwachindunji ku kusoŵa kwawo ufulu. Zokumana nazo zimenezi zinakulitsa mbewu za kudzipereka kwawo kwa moyo wonse kwa akazi kukhala olingana.

Kukwatira ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Kudzera mwa msuwani wake Gerrit Smith adaloŵa m'magulu aukali ndi otsutsa ukapolo; mu 1840 anakwatira Henry B Stanton woletsa. Ukwati wake ndi Henry Stanton, wolankhula ndi wolinganiza wotchuka, anamloŵetsa m'mabungwe okonza zinthu omwe anali kuipitsanso anthu a ku America m'nyengo ya antebellum. Ulendo wa ukwati wa aŵiriwo ku London ku Msonkhano wa World Anti - Srimbry mu 1840 unatsimikizira kukhala wofunika ku kukula kwa Stantoni monga wochirikiza zoyenera za akazi.

Pamsonkhano wa ku London, nthumwi zachikazi, kuphatikizapo Stanton ndi nduna ya Quaker Lucretia Mott, anakanidwa kuyenera kwa kutengamo mbali m'zochitikazo kokha chifukwa cha kugonana kwawo. Chokumana nacho chochititsa manyazi chimenechi, mosasamala kanthu za kuvomerezedwa kwawo monga odzipereka kuletsa, Stanton analongosola kuti kugonjera kwa akazi kunali kupanda chilungamo kwakukulu kumene kunafuna kukanidwa ndi gulu. Iye ndi Mott analongosola kufunika kwa msonkhano woperekedwa ku zoyenera za akazi, kukambitsirana kumene kukabereka zipatso zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake.

Moyo Wapanyumba ndi Kusoŵa Chimwemwe Komakulakula

Pamene Stanton anasamuka ku Boston kupita ku mudzi wa Seneca Falls, New York mu 1847, Elizabeth anavutika ndi kusoŵeka kwa anthu ophunzira. Stanton anakhala ndi mwamuna wake ndi ana asanu ndi aŵiri m’tauni yaing’onoyi, kumene zifunitso za moyo wa panyumba ndi kukhala mayi kaŵirikaŵiri zinasiya nzeru zake. Kuchokera ku kutaya mtima kumeneku anatulutsa chosankha chake cha kusintha malo a akazi m'chitaganya.

Kusiyana kwa moyo wake woyamba ku Boston, kumene anali ndi mwayi wopeza anthu ophunzira ndi okonzanso, ndi kukhala kwake kwatsopano m'madera akumidzi Seneca Falls kunagogomezera kulephera kumene mathayo a panyumba anaikidwa pa moyo wa akazi. Kugwiritsidwa mwala ndi kulephera kumeneku kunakhala chisonkhezero chosonkhezera kuchita kwake zinthu, popeza anazindikira kuti kulimbana kwakeko kunasonyeza mkhalidwe wokulirapo wa akazi a ku Amereka.

Susan B.A. Anthony: Moyo Woyambirira ndi Njira Yokhalira ndi Chilango

Mizu ya Makhalidwe Oipa ndi Makhalidwe Opita Patsogolo

Susan B. Anthony anabadwa pa February 15, 1820, pafupi ndi Adams, Massachusetts kwa Daniel Anthony ndi Lucy Anthony. Daniel, Wolemekezeka Quaker, mwini sula ndi fakitale, ndi wokonzanso zinthu, anatsimikizira kuti ana ake aakazi limodzinso ndi ana ake aamuna analandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri. Njira yofanana imeneyi ya maphunziro inali mbali ya makhalidwe a Quaker, imene inagogomezera kulingana kwauzimu pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Mosiyana ndi akazi ambiri a ku America a m’nthaŵi yake, amene ankayembekezeredwa kukhala chete pagulu, akazi achiquaker ankalankhula pamisonkhano yachipembedzo ndi kutenga nawo mbali m’midzi yawo.

Ntchito Yophunzitsa Anthu Ntchito Yosintha Zinthu

Atamaliza maphunziro ake, anagwira ntchito monga mphunzitsi. Mu 1848, pambuyo pa zaka khumi za kuphunzitsa, Anthony anayamba ntchito yake ya kusintha ndi kukhala wochirikiza kudziletsa. Zokumana nazo zake monga mphunzitsi zinamsonyeza akazi auchinyama omwe anakumana ndi mavuto a zachuma. Akazi ankalandira ndalama zambiri kuposa akazi anzawo, ngakhale pamene anali kuchita ntchito imodzimodziyo. Zimenezi zinalimbikitsa kudzipereka kwake ku ufulu wa akazi.

Iye anagwirizana ndi Agolds of Demeidance mu 1848, anasiya kuphunzitsa mu 1849, ndipo posapita nthaŵi anakhala mtsogoleri wodziŵika wa kuleza mtima m'boma la New York. Mwakuleza mtima, analimbikitsa akazi kufunafuna njira zalamulo zotetezera mabanja awo ku umphaŵi ndi chiwawa zochititsidwa ndi kumwa moŵa mopambanitsa kwa amuna awo. Gulu la kupsa mtima linapatsa Anthony mwaŵi wake woyamba m’kulankhula poyera, kulinganiza, ndi kupha kwa adoki , zimene zikatsimikizira kukhala zothandiza m'ntchito yake yapambuyo pake.

Kulimbana ndi Ukapolo

Anabadwira m’banja la Quaker lodzipereka kulingana ndi anthu, ndipo anasonkhanitsa zifunsiro zotsutsa ukapolo ali ndi zaka 17. Banja la Anthony litasamukira ku Rochester, New York mu 1845, iwo anayamba kumenyera gulu lolimbana ndi ukapolo. Antiodock Quaker anakumana pa famu yawo pafupifupi Lamlungu lililonse, kumene nthaŵi zina anagwirizana ndi Frederick Douglas ndi William Lloyd Garrison.

Mu 1856, anakhala nthumwi ya boma la American Anti - Moderry Society . Malo ameneŵa anafuna kuti iye ayende m'dziko lonselo, kulinganiza misonkhano, kulembetsa anthu, ndi kukweza ndalama za ntchito yochotsa ntchito. Ntchitoyo kaŵirikaŵiri inali yowopsa kwa olankhula olankhula ukapolo [1] olimbana ndi makamu a anthu audani ndipo nthaŵi zina chiwawa chakuthupi [1] koma inalimbikitsa kukwaniritsa kwa Anthony ndi kulimbitsa kudzipereka kwake ku chilungamo cha mayanjano.

Msonkhano wa Seneca Falls: Kuyambitsa Gulu la Akazi la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe

Kulinganiza Kusonkhana Kotchuka

Iye anali mphamvu yaikulu kumbuyo kwa Seneca Falls Convention 1848 Seneca, msonkhano woyamba kuitanidwa kaamba ka chifuno chokha cha kukambitsirana zoyenera za akazi, ndipo anali wolemba woyamba wa Chilengezo chake cha Sentiments . Ndi Mott ndi akazi ena atatu, Elizabeth anatsogolera msonkhano woyamba wa zoyenera za akazi mu Seneca Falls mu July 1848.

Itakhala m'tauni ya Wesleyan Chapel ya Seneca Falls, New York, inali ndi masiku awiri pa July 19-20, 1848. Pa masiku awiri a msonkhanowu, anthu pafupifupi 300 anaphatikizidwapo, chiŵerengero chosawonjezeka cha anthu amene anapezekapo chinapatsa anthu ambiri omwe anali otsutsa boma ndi ofuna kusintha zinthu amene ankakhala ku Seneca Falls. Msonkhanowu unakopa akazi ndi amuna omwe anali odzipereka kuti asinthe chikhalidwe, ngakhale kuti magawo a tsiku loyamba anali osungidwa kwa akazi okha.

Chilengezo cha Zopereka

Wolemba chikalata chachikulu cha Chikalatacho anali Elizabeth Cady Stanton, amene anachitsanzira pa Chilengezo cha Ufulu wa Anthu cha United States. Pamsonkhanowu, anapereka Chikalata chawo cha Ufulu ndi Malamulo, chimene iye analemba. Mwa kubwereza mwadala Chikalata cha Chikalata cha Ufulu wa Anthu, Stanton, anatsutsa mfundo yosafuna yankho: monga momwe osunga ufumu a ku America ananenera kuti adziimira okha kuchoka ku ulamuliro wankhanza wa Britain, akazi a ku America anali kulengeza kuti iwo sakufuna kudzilamulira mwankhanza ya amuna.

Chikalatacho chinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zambiri zimene akazi anamanidwa ufulu woyenerera zinthu ndi kupatsidwa ufulu wosankha zinthu, mwayi wophunzira, kusankhidwa pantchito, ndiponso mfundo ziŵiri za makhalidwe abwino ndi chikhalidwe.

Kufuna kwake ufulu wa akazi kuvota kunabutsa mkangano pamsonkhanowo koma mwamsanga anakhala maziko a gulu la akazi. Opezekapo ambiri, kuphatikizapo Lucretia Mott, poyamba anatsutsa kuphatikizapo kuletsa pakati pa zofunazo, kuwopa kuti gulu lonse lizioneka kukhala loopsa kwambiri ndi losachirikiza masinthidwe ena. Komabe, Stanton anaumirira, ndipo ndi chichirikizo cha Frederick Douglas, amene anapezeka pamsonkhanopo ndi kulankhula molunjika moyanja akazi, chigamulocho chinapita.

Kukhudza Mathithi a Seneca ndi Choloŵa Chake

Chilengezo cha msonkhano wa ku Sentiments chinakhala " chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri pofalitsa nkhani za njira za ufulu wa akazi m'dziko lonse mu 1848 ndi kutsogolo. Kukopa chisamaliro chofala, chinatsatiridwa ndi misonkhano ina ya ufulu wachikazi, kuphatikizapo Msonkhano wa Akazi wa Rochester ku Rochester, New York, milungu iŵiri pambuyo pake.

Seneca Falls Convention inakhazikitsa chikalata cha akazi monga chonulirapo chalamulo cha ndale zadziko ndipo inapanga maziko a kulinganiza kwa ntchito. Chikalata cha Saintisements ndi chikalata chosainidwa mu 1848 ndi akazi 68 ndi amuna 32 .100 mwa 300 opezekapo pamsonkhano woyamba wachibadwidwe wolinganiza ndi akazi. Masaini ameneŵa anasonyeza kudzipereka kwapoyera pa ku ufulu wa akazi panthaŵi imene kuukira boma kunalingaliridwa kukhala kopambanitsa ndi kosavomerezeka.

Anthony-Sttanton Privivation: Collantment of Religious

Msonkhano Wosaiŵalika

Mu 1851, anakumana ndi Susan B. Anthony ndipo anapanga mgwirizano wa zaka makumi ambiri umene unali wofunika kwambiri kuti gulu la akazi liyambe kudalira ufulu wa akazi. Pakona ya m’khwalala ku Seneca Falls mu 1851, Amelia Blootmer anadziŵikitsa Susan B. Anthony kwa Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Mawu amenewa, osavuta ndi Bloomer, wolimbikitsa ndi wolimbikitsa kusintha ufulu, akanakhala umodzi mwa misonkhano yotchuka kwambiri m’mbiri ya ku America.

Susan B. Anthony ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton anakumana mu 1851. Anakhalabe mabwenzi ndi ogwirizana ndi gulu la ufulu wa akazi zaka makumi asanu zotsatira. Mu 1851, Susan B. Anthony ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton anayamba kugwirizana ndipo anayamba kugwirizana kwambiri m’mbiri ya United States.

Kuthandiza Anthu Opeza Mphamvu ndi Luso

Anthony anali katswiri wa zoyambitsa zake, pamene Stanton anali ndi luso lakulinganiza zinthu ndi kulemba.

Stanton anali mawu otchuka ndi wafilosofi wa ufulu wa akazi ndi madongosolo pamene Anthony anali wolamulira wa mphamvu za akazi amene anayesayesa kupambana chilolezo cha akazi a ku America. Nzeru ya Stanton monga wolemba ndi wolingalira inayala maziko a nzeru za gululo, pamene kuli kwakuti luso la Anthony la gulu ndi nyonga zosatopa zinasintha malingaliro kukhala ntchito.

Stanton pambuyo pake anati, "Polemba tinachita bwino kwambiri kuposa mmene tingachitire. Pamene iye ali wochedwa ndi wopeka kulemba, ine ndine wolemba wothamanga ndi wopanga. Ndine wolemba wabwino, wosuliza bwino. Kuzindikirana kwa maluso kwa wina ndi mnzake kunayambitsa mgwirizano wozikidwa pa ulemu ndi kukwaniritsana m’malo mwa mpikisano.

Njira Zogwirira Ntchito ndi Zochita Zaumwini Zolimba

Popeza Stanton anali wotsekeredwa panyumba ndi ana asanu ndi aŵiri pamene Anthony anali wosakwatira ndi womasuka kuyenda, Anthony anathandiza Stanton mwa kuyang’anira ana ake pamene Stanton analemba. Pakati pa zinthu zina, zimenezi zinamlola Stanton kulemba nkhani kaamba ka Anthony. Makonzedwe ameneŵa anatheketsa Stanton kupitiriza ntchito yake yaluntha mosasamala kanthu za kufunidwa ndi amayi, pamene Anthony anapeza mwaŵi wa kulankhula ndi kukambitsirana kwamphamvu zimene akakhoza kupereka kwa omvetsera m’dziko lonselo.

Stanton, wosungidwa panyumba pake mwa kukhala mayi (anabala mwana wake wachisanu ndi chiŵiri ndi womalizira mu 1859), anasonkhezeredwa ndi mawu a Anthony olingalira bwino a malingaliro ake. Anthony anakhala mphamvu yosonkhezera ntchito yawo yonse. Sanalole Stanton kukhala waulesi, nthaŵi zonse kumkakamiza kulembanso mawu ena, mmodzi wowonekeranso.

Anthony analolera Stanton m’njira zambiri zaka zawo zonse za ntchito pamodzi, osalandira ofesi m'gulu lililonse limene lingamuike pamwamba pa Stanton . Kumvera kumeneku kunasonyeza ulemu waukulu wa Anthony kwa utsogoleri wa Santon wa nzeru ndi kuzindikira kwake kuti kugwirizana kwawo kunagwira bwino ntchito pamene mkazi aliyense anali ndi udindo wake wachibadwa m’gululo.

Mkupiti Waukulu ndi Zotulukapo za Gulu

Zoyesayesa Zoyambirira Zogwira Ntchito Yamphamvu

Onse pamodzi anakhazikitsa New York Women’s State Deletance Society pambuyo pakuti Anthony analetsedwa kulankhula pa msonkhano waukali chifukwa chakuti anali mkazi. Chochitika chimenechi, chimene Anthony anatontholedwa kokha chifukwa cha kugonana kwake, chinasonyeza kufunika kwa akazi kupanga magulu awoawo kumene angapange utsogoleri ndi kulankhula mwaufulu.

Ogwiritsidwa mwala ndi zopinga zimene zinabuka mkati mwa ntchito yawo yoyamba . "Utsogoleri wawo wa Woman’s State Deletance Society mu 1854 ." Anthony ndi Stanton anayamba ndawala ya akazi awo ya ufulu kufutukula Malo Oikidwiratu a Akazi a ku New York mu 1848. Monga momwe kukakhala kwachizoloŵezi, Anthony, amene anali wosakwatira ndipo wosafuna zofuna za banja, wolinganiza ndi kuyendetsa mkupiti. Anayendayenda m'boma lonse, akulankhula 54 New York. Stanton adafufuza mwalamulo, anatumiza mabukuwo Anthony, ndi kulemba nkhani kaamba ka onse aŵiriwo.

Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni Idzathetsa Nkhondo

Mkati mwa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni ya ku America, iwo anakhazikitsa Women’s Faith National League kuti ichite mkupiti wa kuchotsedwa kwa ukapolo, ndipo iwo anatsogolera iwo m'chisonkhezero chachikulu koposa m'mbiri ya U.S. kufikira panthaŵi imeneyo. Mkati mwa Nkhondo ya Chiŵeniŵeni anakhazikitsa Chigwirizano cha Akazi Chokhulupirika cha National League, chimene chinatsogolera chisonkhezero chachikulu koposa m'mbiri ya United States kufikira nthaŵi imeneyo, kusonkhanitsa zikalata zolembedwa pafupifupi 400,000 zochirikiza kuchotsedwa kwa ukapolo.

Mkupiti waukulu wa pepala limeneli unasonyeza mphamvu ya akazi yandale ngakhale asanavote. Mwakusonkhanitsa masaini mazana zikwi khumi ndi zitatu a Lamulo la Kuletsa ukapolo, Anthony ndi Stanton anasonyeza kuti akazi angasonkhezere lamulo la dziko lonse kupyolera m'zochitika zolinganizidwa. Chipambano cha mkupiti umenewu chinaperekanso chidziŵitso chabwino kwambiri m'kulinganiza kwakukulu kumene kukapindulitsa gulu lankhondolo pambuyo pake.

Nyuzipepala Yosintha Zinthu

Anayamba kufalitsa nyuzipepala ya ufulu wa akazi mu 1868 yotchedwa The Revolution. Chofalitsa chimenechi cha mlungu ndi mlungu, ndi mawu ake olimbikitsa akuti "Amuna, ufulu wawo ndi zinthu zina; akazi, ufulu wawo ndi zinthu zina zocheperapo, "chinapereka malo ovomerezeka opititsa patsogolo mfundo za ufulu wa akazi ndi kusimba za ntchito za gulu la anthu osonkhanitsidwa. Nyuzipepalayo inafotokoza nkhani zambiri kuphatikizapo ufulu wa antchito, malipiro ofanana, kusintha malamulo, ndi maphunziro a akazi, kuwonjezera pa kuvutitsa kwa magulu ankhondo.

Stanton anatumikira monga mkonzi, kulemba nkhani zamphamvu zimene zinatsutsa kulingalira kofala ponena za ntchito ndi maluso a akazi. Anthony anayang'anira mbali ya bizinesi, kumanga masabusikripishoni ndi kugaŵira. Ngakhale kuti nyuzipepalayo inalimbana ndi ndalama ndi kutha kufalitsidwa mu 1870, inachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'kufalitsa zoyenera za akazi ndi kuyambitsa lingaliro la chitaganya pakati pa ochirikiza ufulu wa akazi m'dziko lonselo.

Kupeza Gulu la Akazi a Mtundu Wonse

Chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake, iwo anakhazikitsa National Woman Suffnge Association monga mbali ya kugawanikana m'gulu la akazi. Mu 1869, gulu la akazi oyendetsa zinthu zofunikira linagaŵikana pa njira ndi zinthu zofunika. Pambuyo pa msonkhanowo, Stanton, Anthony ndi ena anapanga National Woman Suffnge Association ndipo anasumika maganizo pa kutha kwa akazi a boma.

Kugaŵanikako kunachitika kwakukulukulu pa Demeters ya 15, imene inapereka kuyenera kwa kuvota kwa amuna a ku Afirika koma osati kwa akazi. Pamene kuli kwakuti olembetsa ena, otsogozedwa ndi Lucy Stone ndi Henry Blackwell, anachirikiza kukonza kwawo akazi mosasamala kanthu za kuchotsedwa kwawo ndi kupanga bungwe la American Woman Suffnge Association kulondola ndawala ya boma ya boma, Anthony ndi Stanton anatsutsa kuchotsedwa kwa akazi ndi kuyambitsa ...SA kulondola malamulo a boma kaamba ka kubwezera akazi.

. . . . . . . . . inakhala ndi njira yosintha kwambiri ya ufulu wa akazi, kuyang'anira osati kungotsutsa chabe ufulu wa akazi komanso kusintha malamulo a ukwati, ufulu wa antchito, ndi nkhani zina zoyambukira akazi. Gululo linakhalabe pansi pa utsogoleri wa Stanton ndi Anthony kwa zaka makumi aŵiri, kuwapatsa galimoto kuti aone kuti akazi onse ali olingana.

Susan B. Kumangidwa ndi Kuzengedwa Mlandu kwa Anthony: Kuzengedwa Mlandu

Kuchita Molimba Mtima

Poyesa kutsutsa kubwezera, Anthony ndi alongo ake atatu anavota pa chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 1872. Pa November 5, 1872, Anthony anapita ku shopu yometa tsitsi ku Rochester, New York, yomwe inali malo oonera ndipo anafuna kulembetsa kuti avote. Atakana, oyang’anira masankho analola Anthony ndi akazi ena khumi ndi asanu kulembetsa. Pa tsiku la Ecostation Day, Anthony anaponya chilolezo chake cha Ulysses S. Grant.

Anthony anali kuyesa dala ngati Lamulo la 14, limene linapatsa ufulu wokhala nzika kwa anthu onse obadwa kapena obadwa ku United States, linaphatikizapo kuyenera kwa kuvota. Iye anatsutsa kuti monga nzika, anali ndi ufulu wonse wa kukhala nzika, kuphatikizapo suffije. Chiphunzitso chalamulo chimenechi, chodziŵika monga "New Respitance" chinasonyeza kuyesayesa kupeza ufulu wosankha mwa kumasulira kogwirizana ndi malamulo m’malo mwa kumasuliranso kwatsopano.

Kumangidwa ndi Kuchitidwa Mwalamulo

Iye anamangidwa ku Rochester, ku New York, ndi kuimbidwa mlandu ku Ontario Courthouse , Canangua, New York. Masabata aŵiri pambuyo pa kuvota, msilikali wa ku United States anafika kunyumba kwa Anthony kuti amangidwe chifukwa cha mlandu wa kuvota kosemphana ndi lamulo. Iye anaimbidwa mlandu ndi ajuli aakulu ndipo anasungidwa pa belo, limene anakana kulipirira mogwirizana ndi lamulo, ngakhale kuti loya wake anakailemba pomalizira pake kuti aigwire mlanduwo chifukwa cha kuvota kosemphana ndi zofuna zake.

Woweruzayo analangiza oweruza kuti apeze mlandu popanda kukambirana kulikonse, ndi kulamula kuti apereke ndalama zokwana madola 100. Mlandu, umene unachitidwa mu June 1873, unali kuphwanya malamulo. Woweruza Ward Hunt, woweruza waposachedwapa wa Bwalo Lapamwamba, anali atalemba chigamulo chake mlandu usanayambe. Iye anakana kulola Anthony kupereka umboni wake ndi kulamula ajuli kuti abweze chigamulo cholakwa popanda kufunsa.

Kukana ndi Kuyambukiridwa

Anthony atakana kulipirira ndalama zokwana madola 100 ndiponso khoti, woweruza sanamuimbe mlandu wa kundende, zimene zinathetsa mwayi wake wokachita apilo.

Asanapereke chilango, Woweruza Hunt anafunsa Anthony ngati anali ndi mawu alionse oti anene, iye anatsutsa mwamphamvu zimene zinachitikazo ndi kunena kuti sadzalipira ndalama zonse zosalungamazo.

Ngakhale kuti njira yalamuloyo inalephera, kumangidwa ndi kuzenga Anthony kunafalitsa mbiri yaikulu ya mlanduwo. Iye anali atalankhula zambiri ponena za mlanduwo mlanduwo usanaikidwe mlandu, ndipo zochitikazo zinakopa dziko. Chochitikacho chinasonyeza kupanda chilungamo kwa kukana akazi voti ndi kulimba mtima kwa olemba mabuku ofunitsitsa kuswa malamulo osalungama kuti apititsa patsogolo cholinga chawo.

Zopereka Zopereka Ndiponso Nkhani Zakale

Mbiri ya Kusokosera kwa Mkazi

Kuyambira 1881 mpaka 1885, Anthony anagwirizana ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton ndi Matilda Joslyn Gage polemba buku la History of Woman Saffge . Buku limeneli lalikulu, lomwe potsirizira pake linali ndi mavoliyumu asanu ndi limodzi ndi masauzande zikwi, linalemba za njira za akazi zoyambira ku chiyambi chake cha zaka za zana la 20. Mavoliyumu atatu oyambirira, ofalitsidwa mu 1880, anatha zaka za 1848 mpaka 1885 ndipo anali kwenikweni ntchito ya Stanton, Anthony, ndi Gage.

Mbiri ya Woman Suffinger [1] inatumikira zifuno zambiri. Inasunga mbiri ya gululo, kuphatikizapo nkhani, makalata, nkhani za m'manyuzipepala, ndi zochitika za msonkhano zimene zinatayika. Inachititsanso mmene gululo likakumbukidwira, pamene Stanton ndi Anthony akudziika iwo eni ndi gulu lawo pakati pa nkhani. Pamene kuli kwakuti njira imeneyi yasulizidwa ndi akatswiri ena a mbiri yakale kaamba ka kululuza ochirikiza ena ndi magulu, ntchitoyo idakali magwero aakulu odziŵira gululo.

A Anthony anathandiza kwambiri pa ntchitoyi posonkhanitsa zikalata, kufunsa mafunso komanso kulemba nkhani zokhudza ntchito ya gululi. Anthony anapereka ndalama zambiri pothandiza kuti atsimikizire kuti mbiri ya gululi idzasungidwa mbadwo wamtsogolo.

Nkhani za Anthu Onse

Pantchito zawo zonse, Stanton ndi Anthony anali olemba ndi olankhula bwino. Stanton analemba nkhani zosaŵerengeka, zolemba, ndi nkhani za nyuzipepala ndi magazini. Kulemba kwake sikunangonena za kuipidwa kokha komanso kusintha kwa ukwati, lamulo la chisudzulo, maphunziro a akazi, ufulu wa ntchito, ndi kusuliza chipembedzo. Kufunitsitsa kwake kukambirana nkhani zotsutsana nthaŵi zina kunayambitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa gulu la anthu andale komanso kunapititsa malire a nkhani zovomerezeka zokhudza ufulu wa akazi.

Anthony, ngakhale kuti sanali womasuka kwambiri kulemba, anakhala mmodzi wa olankhula apoyera ogwira mtima koposa a m’nyengo yake. Iye anakamba nkhani zikwi zambiri pa ntchito yake yaitali, akumayendayenda nthaŵi zonse kufalitsa uthenga wotukwana. Kalankhulidwe kake kanali kolunjika ndi kowona mmalo mwa kukongola, ndipo anali ndi kukhoza kwapadera kwa kuyanjana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana ndi kuyankha mokhutiritsa ku mafunso aukali ndi kukalipa.

Anachita zimenezi chifukwa chakuti ankagwirizana ndi ufulu wa akazi, mfundo za demokalase, chilungamo cha zachuma, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kakhalidwe ka anthu. Zolemba zawo zinakhudza osati anthu a m’nthawi yawo okha komanso anthu ena olemekeza akazi ndi okonzanso zinthu.

Utsogoleri wa Gulu ndi Kumanga Gulu

Wogwirizanitsa ndi Bungwe la Mayi wa ku America

Mu 1890, National Woman Suffnge Association inagwirizana ndi American Woman Suffge Association, imene inatsutsa kusokonezeka kwa akazi (pakati pa kusiyana kwinanso). Pambuyo pa zaka makumi aŵiri za kugaŵana, mabungwe aŵiri aakulu ogwirizana kupanga National American Woman Suffnge Association (NAWSA). Kuphatikiza kumeneku kunasonyeza kuzindikira kuti gululo likakhala logwira mtima kwambiri ngati ligwirizana.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the new group, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), but Anthony was effectively its leader. Anthony became NAWSA president in 1892. Under Anthony's leadership, NAWSA became the primary vehicle for suffrage activism in the United States, coordinating campaigns across the country and maintaining pressure on both state legislatures and Congress.

Kugonjetsa Mbadwo Wotsatira

Carrie Chapman Catt analowa mmalo mwa Anthony monga pulezidenti wa gulu pamene anapuma pantchito mu 1900. Anthony anazindikira kufunika kwa kuyambitsa utsogoleri watsopano kuti agwire ntchitoyo mbadwo woyambirira utatha. Iye analangiza achinyamata omenyera nkhondo kuphatikizapo Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, ndi Harriot Stanton Blatch (Elizabeth Cady Stanton) ), kutsimikizira kuti apitiriza kukhala ndi utsogoleri ndi njira zake.

Kupanga ndalama kumeneku m'mbadwo wotsatira kunatsimikizira kukhala kofunika kwambiri ku chipambano chotheratu cha gululo. Catt, amene anatumikira monga pulezidenti wa NAWSA mkati mwa kukakamiza komaliza kaamba ka Demetrisement ya 19th, anagwiritsira ntchito njira za ndale zadziko zocholoŵana ndi njira zadongosolo zimene zinaikidwa pa maziko okhazikitsidwa ndi Anthony ndi Stanton. Kukhoza kwa gululo kuzoloŵera ndi kusinthika pamene kulikusunga ntchito yake yaikulu kunadalira kwambiri ku kukula kwa utsogoleri kumene Anthony anaika pa zaka zake zapambuyo pake.

Kugwirizana kwa Mayiko

Susan B. Anthony anagwiriranso ntchito pazifukwa zina, kuphatikizapo kuchita mbali yaikulu m'kupangidwa kwa Msonkhano wa Mayi wa Padziko Lonse ndi kuthandiza kulinganiza Msonkhano wa Alamu ya Dziko Lonse pa Sair ya Dziko Lonse ku Chicago mu 1893. Anthony anazindikira kuti zoyenera za akazi zinali nkhondo yapadziko lonse ndipo anagwira ntchito kumanga maunansi pakati pa Amereka a masuffragist ndi ochirikiza kuchirikiza kuchirikiza kuikidwa kwa makampani m'maiko ena.

International Council of Women, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1888, inasonkhanitsa magulu a akazi kuchokera kuzungulira dziko lonse kuti agaŵane njira ndi kuchirikiza zoyesayesa za wina ndi mnzake. Anthony anapita ku Ulaya nthaŵi zambiri kukapezeka pa misonkhano ya mitundu yonse ndi kumanga maunansi ndi ochirikiza achilendo. Mayanjano a mitundu yonse ameneŵa anathandiza anthu a ku America kuphunzira kuchokera ku chipambano ndi kulephera m'maiko ena ndi kuthandizira ku gulu lapadziko lonse lomakula la ufulu wa akazi.

Mavuto, Kulimbana ndi Mavuto, ndi Zolephera

Mkangano wa 15 wa Kukonzanso Nkhani

Imodzi ya nkhani zotsutsana kwambiri mu ntchito za Anthony ndi Stanton inaphatikizapo kutsutsa kwawo Chisinthiko cha 15, chimene chinaletsa kukana voti yozikidwa pa fuko koma sichinaphatikizepo kugonana monga gulu lotetezeredwa. Akazi aŵiriwo anatsutsa kuti kunali kupanda chilungamo kusonkhezera amuna a ku Afirika a ku America pamene akupitirizabe kukana voti kwa akazi onse, kuphatikizapo akazi a ku Afirika.

Pamene anali kutsutsa, Stanton nthaŵi zina ankagwiritsa ntchito mawu atsankho la fuko ndi la anthu apamwamba, akumati akazi achiyera ophunzira anayenera kuvota kuposa amene kale anali akapolo osaphunzira. Zikayikiro zimenezi zinawononga maunansi ndi omwe kale anali ogwirizana ndi kuletsa, kuphatikizapo Frederick Douglas, ndipo zinayambitsa kusagwirizana kosatha pakati pa gulu la akazi ndi gulu la ufulu wa anthu a ku African America. Pamene kuli kwakuti mawu a Anthony anali osavuta kutulutsa zinthu kuposa a Stanton, iye anachirikiza malo omwewo ndi liŵongo limodzi la kuwonongeka kwake.

Mkangano umenewu umasonyeza kulephera kwa Anthony ndi Stanton kwa kulingana. Pamene kuli kwakuti iwo anamenyera ufulu wa akazi mosatopa, iwo sanazindikire kapena kulinganiza bwino mavuto odziŵika kwa akazi a mitundu, akazi ogwira ntchito, kapena akazi osamukira kudziko. Kagulu kawo kanatsogozedwa ndi kusumikidwa pa nkhaŵa za akazi oyera, a m'zaka zapakati, kupereŵera kumene kukapitirizabe m'gulu la anthu oyendayenda kwa zaka makumi ambiri.

Mkangano wa Chipembedzo ndi Baibulo la Mkazi

M’ma 1890, Stanton anayamba ntchito yotsutsana imene inayambitsa mkangano waukulu pakati pa gulu. Anafalitsa Baibulo la Women , buku la akazi la mawu a m'Baibulo lofotokoza akazi. Stanton ananena kuti ziphunzitso zachipembedzo ndizo magwero aakulu a kupondereza akazi ndi kuti Baibulo linamasuliridwa m’njira zimene zimalungamitsa akazi kukhala otsika.

Mafupa ambiri, kuphatikizapo ena a ogwirizana ndi Stanton kwanthaŵi yaitali, adawopa kuti kuukira chipembedzo kumeneku kukachotsa othekera kuchirikiza ndi kuwononga chochititsa. NAWSA mwalamulo inadzilekanitsa ndi Baibulo la Woman's Bible [1], kutsata chigamulo chakuti gululo silinagwirizane ndi ntchito. Kutsutsa kwapoyera kwa Stanton ndi gululo kunathandiza kupeza kuti kuwonjezereka kwa gulu la Suffrage ndi chikhumbo cha kupangitsa kuwonekera kukhala ngati wosayenerera.

Anthony, ngakhale kuti sanagwirizane ndi chigamulocho ndi kuchirikiza ufulu wa Stanton wofotokoza malingaliro ake, sanagwirizane ndi Stanton chifukwa cha mkangano wachipembedzo. Izi zinaimira chimodzi cha kusagwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa akazi aŵiriwo ndi kufotokoza mmene kugwirizana kwawo kungagwirizanirane ndi malingaliro osiyana ndi zofunika.

Matsutsano Anzeru ndi Kusiyana kwa Maluso

Anthony ndi Stanton analimbana ndi machenjera ndi machenjera a anthu pa ntchito zawo zonse. Kodi gululi liyenera kumangoganizira za ufulu wa akazi kapena kukambirana nkhani zosiyanasiyana za ufulu wa akazi? Kodi iwo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a boma kapena kuyang'anira ndawala za boma? Kodi ayenera kugwirizana ndi magulu ena okonza zinthu kapena kupitiriza kudziimira paokha?

Mkangano umenewu unasonyeza kusatsimikizira kwenikweni ponena za njira yopambana kwambiri kupita patsogolo. Anthony anakonda njira yotsogola kwambiri, kusumika maganizo pa chuma cha gulu pa funso lovutitsa. Stanton analingalira zambiri, akumakhulupirira kuti kugonjera kwa akazi kunazikidwa m’mabungwe ambiri(magalamu, zachuma, zachuma, zachikhalidwe, ndi zachipembedzo) ndi kuti onse anafunikira kutsutsidwa panthaŵi imodzi.

Kulimbana pakati pa njira zimenezi kunapitirizabe m'mbiri yonse ya gululo. Potsirizira pake, ndawala yachipambano ya Demendment ya 19 inali kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse ziŵiri: kusumika maganizo pa votiyo pamenenso akukambirana nkhani zokhudza chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha akazi.

Zaka Zomalizira ndi Kupita kwa Torch

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Atakula

Zaka zake zapambuyo pake, Stanton anapitiriza kulemba ndi kulankhula za zoyenera za akazi, ngakhale kuti sanadziloŵetse m'ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya gulu la gulu la anthu oyendetsa sitima. Anafalitsa autoography yake, [FLT: 0] Zaka zamphamvu ndi More , mu 1898, kufotokoza mbiri ya moyo wake ndi kuyambika kwa ufulu wa akazi. Bukulo linapereka chidziŵitso m'kukula kwake, kugwirizana kwake ndi Anthony, ndi kusinkhasinkha kwake pa kupita patsogolo ndi mavuto a gululo.

Stanton anakhalabe wochenjera kufikira mapeto a moyo wake, akumapitirizabe kulemba nkhani ndi makalata ponena za zoyenera za akazi ndi zochititsa zina. Kufunitsitsa kwake kuchita nkhani zotsutsana sikunazimiririke, ngakhale pamene kunayambitsa mavuto a gulu la anthu. Anakhalabe ndi chikhulupiriro kuti kulingana kwa akazi kunafunikira kusintha kwakukulu m’malingaliro a anthu, zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo, ndi zigawo, osati kokha kusintha kwa lamulo.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton anamwalira pa October 26, 1902, pamsinkhu wa zaka 86. Iye sanakhale ndi moyo kuwona kupekedwa kwa Malamulo Achikhumi ndi Chicheŵa, koma adayala maziko a nzeru ndi a gulu amene anatheketsa njira yake yomalizira. Imfa yake inaliridwa ndi mabuku a nyuffra kuzungulira dzikolo, amene anazindikira kuti anataya mmodzi wa atsogoleri a gululo aluso ndi amasomphenya.

Susan B. Mkupiti Womaliza wa Anthony

Iye anayendayenda m'dziko lochirikiza ufulu wa akazi ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo yosatha chaka chilichonse kufikira imfa yake. Anafa mu 1906, zaka khumi ndi zinayi akazi ambiri asanapatsidwe ufulu wa kuvota ndi kudutsa kwa Demendment ya 19. Ngakhale m'zaka zake zisanu ndi zitatu, Anthony anasunga ndandanda yotopetsa ya ulendo ndi kulankhula mapangano, kutsimikiza kupititsa patsogolo kuchititsa kwa nyusiyo kufikira imfa yake isanachitike.

Iye anakhala wokangalika kufikira mapeto a moyo wake. Kuwonekera kwa Anthony kwapoyera kunali pa phwando lake la 86 la tsiku lakubadwa ku Washington, D.C., mu February 1906, kumene mapepala olembetsa ochokera ku madera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo anasonkhana kuti alemekeze iye. M'nkhani yake yomaliza, analimbikitsa mbadwo waung'ono kupitiriza nkhondo, akumati "Kugona sikungachitike" [1] Mawu amene akakhala chilengezo cha gulu la anthu othamanga.

Susan B. Anthony anamwalira pa March 13, 1906, m’nyumba yake ku Rochester, New York. Mofanana ndi Stanton, iye sanakhale ndi moyo kuti aone kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholinga chimene anapatulira moyo wake. Komabe, anamwalira akudziŵa kuti gululo linali lamphamvu, lolinganizidwa bwino, ndipo linkatsogoleredwa ndi achinyamata okhoza kupitiriza ntchito. Manda ake anakopa zikwi zambiri za anthu olira maliro, ndi misonkho yomwe inaperekedwa kuchokera kuzungulira dziko lonse, ndipo anazindikira kuti iye anali mmodzi wa osintha zinthu kwambiri m’mbiri ya ku America.

Njira Yofikira ku Lamulo la Nambala 19

Kumanga pa Maziko

Anthony atamwalira, gulu la apolisi linapitiriza kumanga pa maziko amene iye ndi Stanton adapanga. Nyumba za gulu zimene anakhazikitsa, zigomeko zimene adapanga, ndi makompyuta onse amene anatsimikizira kukhala ofunika ku kukakamiza komaliza kwa voti. Atsogoleri onga Care Chapman Catt ndi Alice Paul anagwiritsira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Katt anasumika maganizo pa ndawala za boma ndi kusonkhezera ndale, Paul analinganiza kutsutsa ndi kulanda Nyumba ya White . Koma onse aŵiri anamanga pa maziko oikidwa ndi mibadwo yapita.

Gululo linakula m'ma 1910 pamene maboma ambiri anapatsa akazi lingaliro lakuvota ndi la anthu pang’onopang’ono. Kutengamo mbali m'nkhondo mkati mwa Nkhondo Yadziko I kunalimbitsa zigomeko zakuti akazi anali oyenerera kuyenerera kuyenera kwa unzika. Pulezidenti Woodrow Wilson, poyambirira anatsutsa kuletsa akazi, pomalizira pake anavomereza chisinthiko cha lamulo, kupereka chichirikizo chofunika cha ndale zadziko.

Kukongola ndi Chilakiko

Demetriyo ya 19 inaperekedwa ndi Nyumba ya Malamulo mu June 1919 ndi kutumizidwa ku mayiko kuti apenyerere. Mkupiti wa kugonetsa zinthu unafuna kulinganiza kwakukulu m’mayiko m’dziko lonselo, pamene mamembala anagwira ntchito kukhutiritsa malamulo a boma kuti avomereze kukonzanso. Nkhondoyo inabwera ku Tennessee, imene inakhala boma la 36 lofuna raimen pa August 18, 1920, kukhazikitsa unyinji wa magawo atatu ofunika kuti athetsedwe kukhala mbali ya Malamulo.

Pa August 26, 1920, Demendment ya 19 inavomerezedwa mwalamulo kukhala mbali ya Malamulo. Chinenero chosavuta cha kusintha cha ku United States sichidzakanidwa kapena kuletsedwa ndi United States kapena ndi Boma lililonse chifukwa cha kugonana". Chinaimira mapeto a zaka zoposa makumi asanu ndi aŵiri za kuchita mchitidwe wodziperekera nsembe, ndi kupirira.

Choloŵa Ndiponso Tanthauzo la Mbiri Yakale

Kusintha Demokalase ya Amereka

Democracy ya 19 ya Kusintha kwakukulukulu Democracy ya America mwa kuwirikiza kaŵiri lamulo lothekera la kusankhidwa ndi kukhazikitsa lakuti ufulu wa kukhala nzika suyenera kudalira pa kugonana. Pamene kuli kwakuti kusintha sikunathetse mwamsanga mavuto onse a kutengamo mbali kwa ndale zadziko kwa akazi. (akazi ambiri a mitundu ina anapitiriza kuyang’anizana ndi zopinga za kuvota pa misonkho, kupenda kulemba ndi kuopseza, ndi kuchititsa mantha / jajiyo inasonyeza sitepe lofunika kwambiri la kulingana kwenikweni kwa demokrase.

Chilakiko cha chipambano chinasonyezanso mphamvu ya kachitidwe ka ka kakhalidwe ka anthu kopitirizabe. Gulu la akazilo linasonyeza kuti kulinganiza, kulingalira kwadongosolo, ndi kupitirizabe kwa kutsutsa kungagonjetse chitsutso chozika mizu ndi kukwaniritsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa malamulo a . Phunziro limeneli likasonkhezera magulu otsatira a ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuphatikizapo gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe la ku Africa la m'ma 1950 ndi 1960 ndi gulu lachiŵiri la akazi omenyera ufulu wa anthu a m'ma 1970.

Kulemekeza Anthony ndi Stanton

Stanton imakumbukiridwa, limodzi ndi Lucretia Mott ndi Susan B. Anthony, mu 1921 Chiboliboli Chojambula Chithunzi cha Adelaide Johnson ku United States. Chiikidwa kwa zaka zambiri m'zilembo za nyumba ya kapitol, chinasumizidwa mu 1997 ku malo otchuka kwambiri ku U.S. Capitol Rollanda. Chithunzichi, chosonyeza atsogoleri atatu a gulu la suffile Johnson, chimagwira ntchito monga chikumbutso chosatha cha zopereka zawo ku Democracy ku America.

Zikumbukiro zina zambiri, malo a mbiri yakale, ndi zikondwerero zolemekeza Anthony ndi Stanton choloŵa cha . Anthony Museum ndi Nyumba ku Rochester, New York, imasunga nyumba ya Anthony ndi kusimba mbiri ya moyo wake ndi ntchito. Malo a Women’s Rights National Historical Park mu Seneca Falls amaphatikizapo malo a msonkhano wa 1848 ndi kumasulira mbiri ya ufulu wa akazi. Malo ameneŵa amakopa zikwi zambiri za alendo chaka chilichonse, kutsimikizira kuti mibadwo yatsopano iphunzire za nkhondo ya akazi.

Kupenda ndi Kubwezanso Kwamakono

Olemba mbiri amakono apereka malongosoledwe omveka bwino a Anthony ndi Stanton, pozindikira zonse ziŵiri zipambano zawo ndi kulephera kwawo. Akatswiri agogomezera mmene kusumika maganizo awo pa nkhaŵa za akazi achiyera, a m'zaka zapakati nthaŵi zina analuluza zokumana nazo ndi zofunika za akazi a mitundu, akazi ogwira ntchito, ndi akazi osamukira kunja. Mawu a tsankho a fuko limene Stanton nthaŵi zina ankagwira ntchito ndi Anthony anasulizidwa moyenerera kukhala kulephera kwa makhalidwe abwino kumene kunawononga kayendetsedwe kake ndi kuswa malamulo ake onenedwa audindo la kulingana.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, olemba mbiri amavomereza zopinga zazikulu zimene Anthony ndi Stanton anakumana nazo ndi kulimba mtima kofunikira kutsutsa kwambiri dongosolo la kusalingana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Iwo anapanga zitsanzo za gulu, anapanga mfundo zokopa, ndi kuonetsa utsogoleri zimene zinapititsa patsogolo ufulu wa akazi m’njira zazikulu. Kuyanjana kwawo kunasonyeza mmene kugwirizana kozikidwa pa mphamvu zogwirizana kungakhalire ndi kukhoza kupambana kuposa kuyesayesa kwa munthu payekha.

Oimira akazi amakono akupitirizabe kulimbana ndi choloŵa chovuta cha gulu loletsa. Zomwe gululo lakwaniritsa posunga ufulu wosankha zinali zenizeni ndi zofunika, koma ntchito yofikitsa kulingana kwenikweni sikunathe. Nkhani za ufulu wa kubala, chilungamo cha zachuma, kuimira kwa ndale zadziko, ndi ufulu wa chiwawa zikupitirizabe kufuna kuchita zinthu ndi kuletsa kuukira boma. M'kulimbanakupitirizabe kumeneku, chitsanzo cha kudzipatulira kwa Anthony ndi Stanton, kulingalira kwabwino, ndi kufunitsitsa kutsutsa chisalungamo kudakali koyenera ndi kosonkhezera.

Zimene Tikuphunzirapo pa Ntchito Yochita Zinthu Zapatsogolo

Mphamvu ya Ubwenzi

Anthony-Stanton akusonyeza mphamvu ya kugwirizana m'mabungwe. Luso lawo la kuzindikira ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu za wina ndi mnzake, kuchirikizana pa zopinga ndi mikangano, ndi kupitiriza kugwirizana kwawo kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi chitsanzo kwa ochirikiza amakono. Magulu ogwira mtima amafunikira maluso osiyanasiyana . Kuwona kwaluso, luso la gulu, kulankhulana ndi anthu onse, kusungitsa ndalama, nyumba yogwirizana yomwe imagwirizanitsa anthu ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, ndi kugwirizana kumene kungayendetse bwino anthu kuposa atsogoleri antchito okha.

Kulimbikira Koyenera

Kupambana kwa gululo kunafuna kulingalira kwabwino limodzi ndi kuyesayesa kosalekeza kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Anthony ndi Stanton anamvetsetsa kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe sikungachitike mofulumira kapena mosavuta. Iwo anapanga njira zambiri . Zopinga za boma, kulimbikitsa lamulo, maphunziro a anthu, ma ma maluwa olinganiza [1] ndi kusintha maluso awo pamene mikhalidwe isintha. Iwo anazindikiranso kufunika kwa mabungwe amene angachirikize kuyendako kuposa mtsogoleri aliyense.

Kusinthasinthasintha kwa zinthu kumeneku ndiponso kudzipereka kopitirizabe kumapereka maphunziro ofunika kwambiri kwa magulu a masiku ano. Kuti anthu asinthe kwambiri pamafunika kusankha zochita mwachidule ndiponso kuona zinthu mwadongosolo nthawi yaitali.

Kufunika kwa Kusiyana kwa Malo

Kulephera kwa Anthony ndi Stanton kufotokoza bwino lomwe mtundu, m’kalasi, ndi zinthu zina zimene zimagawana ndi amuna ndi kuponderezana mosiyanasiyana, kukulitsa kufunika kwa zimene akatswiri amakono amatcha kuspanya. Magulu ogwira ntchito bwino a chilungamo cha anthu ayenera kuzindikira kuti anthu amakumana ndi mitundu yambiri, kukondera kotsatizana ndi njira zimene zimatheketsa kuti afanane ndi amuna ndi akazi.

Kusagwirizana pakati pa gulu la akazi ndi gulu la ufulu wachibadwidwe wa ku African America, ndi kuchepetsa akazi a mitundu mkati mwa gulu loyendetsa, zimasonyeza mavuto a kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopatukira. Magulu a Contemporary aphunzira kuchokera ku kulephera kumeneku ndipo mowonjezereka azindikira kufunika kwa kuzika patsogolo zokumana nazo ndi utsogoleri wa awo amene amayang'anizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutsendereza.

Kumaliza: Chiyambukiro Chokhalitsa

Susan B. Anthony ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton anachita mbali zofunika kwambiri pa chipambano cha Demetrimetic ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ufulu wa akazi ku America. Ubwenzi wawo, wophatikiza nzeru ndi luso la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, kuyambitsa gulu limene linasintha kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku America. Maso a Stanton ndi kulemba kwake zinathandiza kuti akazi akhale ndi maganizo ofanana, pamene Anthony anamanga malo oyenera ndi ogwirizana kwambiri kuti apange mfundo zofunika kuti asinthe.

Zopereka zawo zinaposa pa kukwaniritsa ufulu wovota. Anatsutsa malingaliro aakulu onena za maluso a akazi ndi ntchito zawo zoyenera, analongosola mfundo zamphamvu zonena za kulingana kwa ufulu wachibadwa ndi malamulo a demokrase, ndipo anasonyeza kuti akazi angakhale okhoza kuseŵera andale ngakhale asanachite voti. Anapanga mabungwe, zofalitsa, ndi makampani amene anachirikiza kuyenda kwawo kwa zaka makumi ambiri za chitsutso ndi zopinga. Analangiza achinyamata amene akapitiriza ntchitoyo pambuyo pa imfa yawo.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, choloŵa chawo chimacholoŵana ndi kulephera kwawo kuvomereza kotheratu lingaliro lokwanira lakulingana. Chitsutso chawo ku Demendment ya 15, kugwiritsira ntchito kwawo kwa kamodzi kamodzi ka kulankhulidwe ndi kasupe, ndi kusumika maganizo awo pa nkhaŵa za akazi achiyera, a m'zaka zapakati kunasonyeza kulephera kwakukulu kumene kunawononga kachitidweko ndi kuswa malamulo ake olembedwa. Kulephera kumeneku kumatikumbutsa kuti ngakhale ochirikiza chilungamo odzipereka kwambiri angakhale ndi malo obisika ndi kuti kulingana kwenikweni kumafuna kusamala nthaŵi zonse ndi chiyeso cha kuchepetsa ufulu wa anthu ena pa ena.

Ngakhale kuti pali zolephera zimenezi, zimene Anthony ndi Stanton achita zidakali zodabwitsa. Iwo anathandiza kuyambitsa gulu limene linakwaniritsa chimodzi cha zifuno za demokrase zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya America. Demetrie , linavomerezedwa zaka 14 pambuyo pa imfa ya Anthony ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pa Stanton, linaimira kukwaniritsidwa kwa masomphenya amene adawafotokozera pa Seneca Falls mu 1848. Pamene kuli kwakuti palibe mkazi amene anakhala ndi moyo wopereka chilolezo chalamulo, ntchito yawo inachititsa kuti akazi mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America athe kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu waunzika.

Lerolino, pamene tikupitirizabe kulimbana ndi mafunso a kulingana, chilungamo, ndi mphamvu za demokrase, chitsanzo cha Susan B. Anthony ndi Elizabeth Cady Stanton chikukhalabe chofunika. Kudzipereka kwawo ku chochititsa chachikulu kuposa iwo eni, kulingalira kwawo kwadongosolo ndi luso la kayendetsedwe ka zinthu, kufunitsitsa kwawo kutsutsa zigwirizano zamphamvu ndi zikhulupiriro zozikika, ndi kugwirizana kwawo kozikidwa pa kulemekezana ndi mphamvu zogwirizanitsa zonse zimene zimapereka maphunziro kwa ochirikiza ankhondo amakono. Nkhani yawo imatikumbutsa kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa kakhalidwe nkotheka, koma kufunikira kuona maso, kulimbikira, ndi kufunitsitsa kugwira ntchito pamodzi kuli ndi cholinga chimodzi.

Demendment ya 19 imakhala chipangano cha ntchito yawo ya moyo ndi mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ka kasintha ka chitaganya. Pamene kuli kwakuti nkhondo ya kulingana kwenikweni ikupitirizabe, maziko amene anayala ndi chitsanzo amapitirizabe kusonkhezera mibadwo yatsopano kugwirira ntchito yolungama ndi ya demokrase. Kaamba ka chidziŵitso chowonjezereka ponena za gulu la akazi, chezerani [[FLT:] Malo a Akazi a National Historical Park [[[FLT: 1]] kapena kupenda chuma cha [[FLT:] pa [FLT:] ndi zaka 170] kuti ayambe ntchito. Kuphunzira zambiri ponena za ufulu wa akazi, monga [FLT:] Lamulo la National Center Center [FFF:]