Lamulo Losankha la Ku India

Bungwe la Evolution Commission of India (ECI) limaimira monga maziko a demokrase yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Likukhazikitsidwa pansi pa Article 324 ya Malamulo a Indiya, ndi bungwe lalamulo lachikhalire loikizidwa ndi chipambano, chitsogozo, ndi ulamuliro wa dongosolo lonse la Nyumba ya malamulo, nyumba za boma, ndi mamaofesi a Pulezidenti ndi Pulezidenti wa India. Mosiyana ndi mapulaneti ambiri mu ma democracy ena amene akugwira ntchito pansi pa uyang'akulu, ECI alinganizidwa kugwira ntchito yodziimira, yotetezeredwa ku zitsenderezo zandale. Ulamuliro wake umakhalapo kuyambira pakukonzekera kwa osankhidwa kuti atsimikizire, kutsimikizira kuti masankhoma ayendere, ndi kulinganiza koonekera bwino, kuchititsa kuonekera bwino kwa pulogalamu ya EC.

Chisinthiko cha M’mbiri ndi Zochitika Zosaiŵalika

Kukhazikitsidwa ndi Zaka Zoyambirira

ECI inakhazikitsidwa pa [[FLT: 0] 25 January 1950 tsopano tsiku lokondwerera monga National Voters' Day . Poyamba, inagwira ntchito monga bungwe limodzi lotsogozedwa ndi Mfumu Evolution Commissioner (CEC). Sukumar Sen, CEC, inayang'anira masankho oyamba mu 1951-19952, ntchito yaikulu imene inafuna kugonjetsa zopinga za logist mu ukulu, makamaka wa oweruza osaphunzira. M'zaka zoyambirira zimenezo, ntchito ndi antchito yaing'ono ndipo inadalira kwambiri pa ntchito yamanja.

Kusintha kwa Thupi la Mizere Yosiyanasiyana

Kwa zaka makumi atatu ECI anakhalabe thupi limodzi. Komabe, kuvuta ndi zinenezo zowonjezereka za khalidwe la anthu osankhidwa pa masankho a 1989 zinasintha. Mu October 1989, boma linasintha lamulo kuti litembenuze bungwelo kukhala bungwe la zigawo zitatu, kuwonjezera Ofesi aŵiri a Evolution kuthandiza CEC. Kusintha kumeneku kukufuna kufalitsa mphamvu ndi kukulitsa kulinganiza. Bungwelo linagaŵiridwanso ndi mbali imodzi ya kakonzedwe mu 1990 lisanabwezeretsedwenso mamembala atatu mu 1993 pansi pa Khomishoni ya Ecommotion ndi Ena Econstation Commis Commissioner (Malamulo a Utumiki) Act, 1991. Lerolino ECIes likupanga bungwe la ECI likulu la Ecommotion ndi Ecommotion, onse opanga chigamulo, okhala ndi chigamulo chimodzi chofanana mu 1990.

Zochitika Zosonyeza Kuyenda Panyanja

ECI yayendera panyengo zingapo zowopsya: kuikidwa kwa Emergency (1975-1977) pamene masankho analekedwa; kuyambitsidwa kwa Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) pamaziko a woyendetsa ndege mu 1982; kulandiridwa kofala kwa maEVM mu 2004; ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Voter Veredified Paper Discoudial Rays (VVPATs) kuyambira 2013. Chochitika chilichonse chimasonyeza mphamvu ya ntchito ya ntchito yosinthasinthana ndi kuyang'anizana ndi maluso a zamakono ndi zandale.

Kumanga, Kuika Malo, ndi Mapangano

Mkulu wa Gulu Losankha Chisankho ndi Akuluakulu a Chisankho

Pulezidenti wa India amaika Mfumu Commotion Commissioner ndi akuluakulu aŵiri a Chisankho. Iwo amatumikira malamulo oikidwa a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kufikira zaka 65, zimene zifika choyamba. CEC ali ndi malipiro ofanana ndi a woweruza wa Khoti Lapamwamba, pamene akazembe a chisankho ali ofanana ndi oweruza a Bwalo Lapamwamba. A Crucily, CEC angachotsedwe pa udindo kudzera mwa njira yoperekera chikalata chofanana ndi cha woweruza wa Khoti Lapamwamba . Malamulo ameneŵa amapereka chitetezo chochuluka cha anthu khumi ndi kuteteza ntchito ya boma. Olamulira a ufulu wa CEC, anawonjezeranso chitetezo china.

Kusangalala ndi Mikhalidwe ya Utumiki

Mikhalidwe ya utumiki imafotokozedwa ndi Evolution Commission (Kuvomereza kwa Utumiki wa Communist Commissioners and Transaction of Business), 1991. Kachitidweko kakutsimikizira kuti mawu sangasinthidwe ku kulephera kwa oikidwa pambuyo pa kuikidwa. Ntchitoyo monga bungwe limodzi, ndi zosankha zochitidwa ndi osankhidwa ndi ambiri. Ngati pali ndodo, CEC ali ndi voti, ngakhale kuti kuvomereza kumafunidwa. Kuwonekera kwa ntchito yake ya mkati kwafunsidwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi zina, koma malamulo alamulo amalamulira ntchito zake.

Ntchito ya Core ndi Maulamuliro a Malamulo

Kuyendetsa Malo

ECI ndiyo imachititsa kukonza ndi kukonzanso kwa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi mipukutu ya masankho onse a nyumba ya malamulo ndi misonkhano. Pansi pa Kuimira lamulo la Anthu, 1950 , bungwe limachita ntchito yokonzanso chaka chilichonse ndi magalimoto oyendera. Online ovotar kudzera ku National Voters Service Portal (NVSP) ndi maprogramu oyendera apepuza afewa afewa, kulola nzika kulembetsa, kukonzanso maadiresi, ndi kupenda maina awo.

Mayendedwe a Zosankha

ECI imapanga ndandanda ya chisankho pambuyo polengeza Pulezidenti kapena Bwanamkubwa. Iyang'anira mbali iliyonse: kuyambira pa kuikidwa kwa zizindikiro ndi kupendedwa kufikira ku kugaŵidwa kwa zizindikiro, kuchitidwa mkupiti, kuŵerengera, ndi chilengezo chotulukapo. Bungwelo limakakamiza Malamulo a Kachitidwe ka Kakhalidwe (MCC) . [a a malangizo amene amagwira ntchito polengeza ndandanda ya masankhoti. MCC iyang'anira nkhani, misonkhano, kutsatsa malonda, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwa makompyuta kuletsa mphamvu.

Makina Otchedwa Affidavit ndi Zovala Zotchedwa Voter

Otsalira mameseji ayenera kukonza makompyuta osonyeza zigaŵenga zawo, chuma, zopinga, ndi maphunziro. ECI imapanga ma affidavit ameneŵa kukhalapo poyera pa Intaneti kuti apangitse ovota ndi chidziŵitso. Kupyolera mu Symittentian Voters’s Education and Electoral Paratition (SEP) pulogalamu ya ovota, ntchito yaudindo imatsogolera mkufufuza, makamaka mpikisano wa achinyamata ndi woyambirira, akazi, ndi anthu opatuka.

Kufufuza ndi Kukakamiza

ECI ili ndi mphamvu za kuweruza pansi pa Mfundo 324 kugaŵira malangizo ndi malangizo. Ilo lingaletse oyembekezera kulephera kukonza masankho kapena machitachita oipa. Ingatsutse zisankho ngati ntchito zosayenera zipezedwa. Mkati mwa masankho, bungwe la Evolution Observers , zowonongedwa, ndi openyerera apolisi . Magulu a ndege ndi mavidiyo amathandiza kutsimikizira kuti atsatira MCC.

Njira Yosankha: Kapendedwe Kake

Kudziŵitsa ndi Kusankha

Ntchitoyo ikuyamba ndi Ecomtion Commission kutchula masiku a kulembedwa, kufufuzidwa, kuchotsedwa, kusanthula, ndi kuŵerengera. Olandira amatumiza mapepala awo a kulembetsa pamodzi ndi malo otetezera ofunikira ndi ma affidavits. Scrutiny amatsogozedwa ndi Mkulu wa Ofesi Yobwerera, amene angakane kulembedwa kwa dzina la kusagwirizana.

Kupanga Mkupiti ndi Makhalidwe Abwino

Ofuna kubatizidwa akangomaliza, nyengo ya ndawala ikuyamba. Maphwando andale amachita misonkhano, kutsatsa khomo ndi khomo, ndi kusatsa malonda a nyuzi. ECI imakakamiza motsimikiza MCC, imene imaletsa zilengezo zozikidwa pa gulu la anthu, ziphuphu, ndi kugwiritsira ntchito malo olambirirapo kaamba ka ndawala. Imalamuliranso nyengo ya kusalankhula (maola 48 asanachite pulogalamu) pamene kuchitika . Kuswa malamulo kumakopa anthu kuti apereke chilango ndipo ngakhale kuchotsa.

Ntchito Zoipitsa Zochitika

Kupotoza kumachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Eclear Voing Machines (EVM) ndi VVPATs pa masiteshoni onse ofufuza. Makina alionse amavota anthu oyembekezera. VVPAT amasindikiza pepala limene ovota angawone pawindo laling'ono asanavote. Njira yapepala imalola kutsimikizira ngati panja pali mikangano. ECI ikutsimikizira kuti masiteshoni ofufuza ali ofikirika kwa anthu okhala ndi zopunduka, okalamba otembenuza, ndi akazi. Makonzedwe apadera onga ngati akazi onse ofufuza masiteshoni ndi madoko omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi anthu opunduka.

Kuŵerenga ndi Kupindula

Kuŵerengera kumayamba pa deti loikidwa, kaŵirikaŵiri masiku angapo pambuyo pa kufunsa. ECI imaika oyang'anira Obwerera ndi openyerera kuyang'anira ntchitoyo. VVVPAT imalembedwa kuchokera ku chiŵerengero chachikulu cha misasa yosankhidwa imatsimikiziridwa ku kutsimikizira kulondola. Pambuyo pa kuŵerengera, bungwelo limadziŵitsa opambana ndi zikalata za masankho.

Kusintha kwa Njira za Umisiri ndi Kusintha kwa Masiku Ano

Makina Otulutsa Makompyuta (EVM)

ECI inayambitsa ntchito ya maEVM kuchotsa kuvota konyenga ndi kuchepetsa zolakwa za manja. Zizindikiro za AVM ndizo kukopa, kugwira ntchito kwa bhetri, ndipo sizimafuna kugwirizana ndi ndandanda iliyonse, kupangitsa kuti isagwedezeke. Mkati mwa zaka, bungwelo lakonza makina kuti ayambe kuphatikizapo "Ayiyo ya Kumwamba" (NOTA), yomwe inayambitsidwa mu 2013. Kuyesa kolimba ndi ma achitatu ofufuza zinthu za kudalirika achitidwa kuti aperekere nkhani.

Msewu Wofufuzira Mapepala Wotsimikiziridwa (VVPAT)

Ataperekedwa pambuyo pa malangizo a Supreme Court, VVPATs imapereka njira yotsimikizira mwakuthupi. Poŵerenga, VVPAT pepala la masiteshoni asanu osankhidwa ofufuza pa msonkhano uliwonse (kapena chilolezo cha palamende pa Lok Sabhaha) amapimidwa ndi manja kuyang'ana mtanda ndi EVMAS. ECI walingaliranso kukulitsa kutsimikizira kwake mwa [[FL:0]] VIVPA projective formation formation [[FLT 1] Institute ya Indian Statisticis Institute.

Maplatsitiki

SEPS COVIGIL ap imalola nzika kusimba za kuswa malamulo kwa nthaŵi yeniyeni mwa kukweza chithunzi kapena vidiyo. Appletagetatagetic ndi kutumiza tcheru kwa magulu oyendetsa ndege kuti achitepo kanthu mwamsanga. Online ovota kudzera ku NVSP ndi Voter Helpline ap yathandizanso ovota. ECI imagwiritsiranso ntchito kuyang'ana masiteshoni ofufuza ndi oulutsira nkhani za anthu kuti aone ngati akufufuza ndi kuyang'ana wailesi ya ofufuza zinthu zachinsinsi kuti apeze mabodza.

Mavuto Okhalitsa ndi Kudandaula

Maseŵera a Malictoral

Ngakhale kuti pali madongosolo amphamvu, mavuto akupitirizabe. Ndalama ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa pa masankho, zomwe zimatchedwa "kugulitsa," zikupitirizabe kufalikira. ECI yakhazikitsa njira zoyendera monga kuyang'anira ndalama zimene zimawonongedwa ndi magulu olondera, koma ndalama zophatikizidwa [1] Nthaŵi zambiri zimapanga kutsata kokwanira.

Kuopa ndi Kuchita Chiwawa

M’madera ena, ovota amawopsezedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma kapena andale. Apolisi a chigawo cha ECI amatumiza apolisi onyamula zida (CAPF) kuti akawonjezere apolisi a boma m’madera ovuta. Asilikali kaŵirikaŵiri amanyamulidwa ndi ndege ku polisi zotentha, koma zochitika za kulanda zipinda ndi chiwawa zimachitikabe, makamaka m'mayiko okhala ndi mipatuko ya apandu yokhazikika.

Muzidalira Galimoto Zamagetsi

Pamene kuli kwakuti a aeVM achepetsa chinyengo, kukayikira kwawo za mkhalidwe wa kutetezera kwa zipani zandale ndi magulu a anthu akunja kukupitirizabe pakati pa zipani zandale ndi magulu a anthu. ECI yalinganiza zisonyezero zotseguka ndi kulola zipani za ndale zadziko kuyesa makina, koma ikufuna kuti 100% VVPAT ikhale yotsimikizirika. Khoti Lapamwamba ndi ECI latsutsa kuŵerengera kwa manja kwa kutchula zinthu zabwino ndi chisungiko, koma mkanganowo suthetsedwa.

Chibwana ndi Kutsika kwa M’mbuyo

Urban ndi wachichepere wovota kaŵirikaŵiri amatsalira kumbuyo kwa kutengamo mbali m'midzi. Mikupiti ya ECI'SVEEP imalimbana ndi sukulu, koleji, maofesi a makampani, ndi madera okhalamo anthu. Komabe, nkhani zonga malonjezo onyenga, kusoŵa ndawala zozikidwa pa nkhani, ndi kusakhazikika kwa ntchito. Bungwelo layambitsa njira zonga "Kulandira Nyumba" malo a nzika za anthu achikulire ndi opunduka, koma onsewo adakali ntchito yopita patsogolo.

Kusintha Kokulira ndi Chiyamikiro

Mkangano wa Kumanga Umodzi

Mu 2018, boma linakhazikitsa zigwirizano zosankhira monga chiŵiya cha zopereka zandale zosadziŵika. ECI inalongosola nkhaŵa yakuti mapangano adzawonjezera kulephera kwa ndalama m'zandale. Chiweruzirocho chinatsutsidwa m'Khoti Lapamwamba, limene mu 2024 linachitsutsa kukhala chosagwirizana ndi lamulo, kutcha icho kukhala kuswa kuyenera kwa chidziŵitso. ECI nthaŵi zonse anatsutsa kaamba ka malire owonekeratu ndi kuvumbula kwenikweni.

Kulimbana ndi Ndalama ndi Kampeni

ECI yalimbikitsa kusintha pa Temple ya Khumi ya Malamulo kulimbikitsa makonzedwe oletsa kusakaza. Kwafunanso boma kupereka ndalama zothandizira masankho kapena kupereka nthaŵi yaulere youlutsira nkhani kuti achepetse kudalira pa zopereka zaumwini. Zina mwa mfundo zimenezi zikupitirizabe kuyendera boma.

Nthaŵi ya Kupereka Ndalama ndi Kumasuka kwa Zofalitsa Nkhani

Bungwe la Law Commission ndi makomiti osiyanasiyana a nyumba ya malamulo adabwereza pempho la ECI la ndalama za boma. Bungwelo linavomerezanso kuti Doondarshan ndi All India Radio apereke malo opezera nthaŵi kwa zipani za ndale zadziko kaamba ka ndawala, zimene zagwiritsiridwa kale ntchito kaamba ka zipani za dziko ndi zipani zovomerezedwa koma zifunikira kufutukuka kwa zipani zazing'ono.

Kutulutsa E-Votting ndi Kutulutsa kwa Kutali

Kuti athetse zosoŵa za anthu osamukira m’dzikolo .mmmss a anthu amene sangathe kuvota m'malamulo awo chifukwa cha kusamuka [1] ECI yapanga chitsanzo cha kuvota kwakutali pogwiritsa ntchito "multi-console AVM . Oyendetsa ndege akukonzekera, ngakhale kuti nkhaŵa za kutsimikizira wovota ndi chisungiko zikutsala.

Kusiyanitsa Malo ndi Kudziŵika kwa Dziko Lonse

ECI imatchulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri kukhala chitsanzo cha mademokrase m'maiko omatukuka. Mosiyana ndi United States Federal Ecommution Commission (FEC), imene ili bungwe la bipartisan lopunduka kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kuferedwa ndi andale, ECI iri ndi ufulu wokulirapo. Mu 2015, ECI analandira "Democracy Award" kuchokera ku International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) kaamba ka kuyambitsa kwake ICT kaamba ka maphunziro a kusankhoma. Bungwelo limachitanso mwachangu m'maudindo a mayiko osiyanasiyana ofufuza masankhoti, kugawana ukayendetsa ntchito yake pa masankhoti aakulu.

Kumaliza

ECI yasinthabe kutsutsana ndi kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa demokrase wa India zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri. Komabe, kubuka kwa ziwopsezo monga kufalitsa nkhani zokopa, kuukira kwa Intaneti, ndi kugawa kwa makampani a oyang'anira zinthu ndi ofufuza a dziko kwa 1952 mpaka kufika ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko lonse kwa EVVPATs . Kupambana kwa m’tsogolo kudalira pa kukhoza kwake kwa kulinganiza kuwala, kuyendetsa bwino, ndi kudziimira pakati pa dziko landale. Monga momwe kutetezera kwa kusankhidwa kwa India, kudalirika kwa bungwelo kumakhalabe kutsimikizira kofunika kwambiri kwa gulu la nzika zonse.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka: Khomu ya Chisankho ya Webusaiti yalamulo ya India[FLT :2]; Cinstitution of India – Mfundo 324[FLT :4]; Kufufuza kwa Maulamuliro ndi Malire a ECI.