Kusintha kwa nyengo sikulinso chiwopsezo chotalikirana; kuli kuwona kwamakono ndi kofulumira kwa mizinda ku United Kingdom. Kuyambira kusefukira kosakaza Kumpoto mpaka ku tentha ku South, malo a mzinda wa UK akuyang'anizana ndi zotulukapo za kutentha kwa pulaneti. Magazi ndi atsogoleri akumaloko ali patsogolo pa vuto limeneli, kugwira ntchito kutetezera anthu mamiliyoni ambiri okhala m’mizinda, zipangizo zokayikitsa, ndi chuma cha kumaloko. Urban kukhoza kuyembekezera, kuzoloŵera, ndi kuchira mwamsanga ku zochitika zowononga [1] yakhala chinthu choyamba cha ulamuliro wa mzinda. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza mbali yaikulu ya mabwana omanga mzinda m'mizinda, kufufuza njira zotsimikizirika, ndi njira zenizeni zolimbikitsa mizinda ya UK, ndi nyengo yachilengedwe.

Kuzindikira Kusintha kwa M’matauni m’Malingaliro Odabwitsa

Kupirira m’matauni si kungokhala ngati mawu oyendera; ndi njira yokwanira yopulumukira ndi yopezera moyo wabwino m’nyengo ya nyengo yosalongosoka. M’mizinda ya UK, kulimba kwa zinthu zakuthupi, kugwirizana kwa kakhalidwe, kukhazikika kwa chuma, ndi kuyendetsa zinthu. Lingaliroli limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mizinda yosamalira ntchito zapakati poyendetsa zinthu [1] monga zoyendera, mphamvu, madzi, zosamalira thanzi, ndi chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi chamwadzidzidzi (kuthandiza ndi pambuyo pa zochitika zanyengo kapena tsoka lachilengedwe.

Nchifukwa ninji ichi chiri chofulumira kwambiri kwa mizinda ya UK? madera a madera a dziko akukuza mkhalidwe wa dziko : malo osasinthika a Chisinthiko Komiti ya 2023 Independent Assess of UK Climate Distion [[FLT 1] amazindikiritsa kusefukira, kutentha kwa madzi, kusoŵa kwa madzi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Malo akumalo a Uganda amakulitsa ngozi zimenezi: madzi osefukira, chisumbu cha mizinda chiwonjezeko chimawonjezera kutentha kwa madzi, ndipo anthu ambiri amayambitsa mavuto aakulu. Chuma chachuma nchomwe chili chokulira. Malo akuzungulira malo akunja akuyerekezera kuti chimodzi m'zipatso zisanu ndi chimodzi mu England [FLD3:] chikukwera madzi, ndipo chiwombo chapasuntha chapa cha mabizinesi a mabizinesi ndi kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi a magalimoto a magalimoto a magalimoto a magalimoto a magalimoto a m’magawo zikwi zikwi zikwi zambiri.

Zipilala Zinayi za Kubwerera m’Matauni

Kupirira kwabwino kwa m’mizinda kumadalira mizati inayi yodalirana, imene yonseyo imafunikira utsogoleri wa meya:

  • Kupirira kwa ziŵiya: Kupanga ndi kukonza zinthu zakuthupi [1] Makwalala, milatho, kuchotsa madzi, magetsi, njira zochotsera zimbudzi, kuti zisagwe ndi mikhalidwe yoipitsitsa.
  • Kupirira kofunikira: Kuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi chidziŵitso, zipangizo, ndi malo ochezera a anthu ochirikizana asanakumane, panthaŵi yake, ndiponso pambuyo pake.
  • [[FLT: 0] Kupirira kwa mkhalidwe wadziko: [[FLT: 1] Kuwiritsa chuma cha kumaloko ndi kupanga madongosolo a zachuma (m'ch., ndalama zopitirizira, maiwe a inshuwalansi) amene amatheketsa kuchira mofulumira.
  • Kupirira kwa m'mantha: Kupatsa boma la kumaloko mphamvu zomveka, zolinga zolimba, ndi kulolera kusintha pamene ziwopsezo zatsopano ziyamba.

Zipilala zimenezi sizimagwira ntchito ku silos. Khoma lolimba la chitetezo chotetezera chosefukira (infractive) nlopanda ntchito ngati nzika sizidziŵa njira yopulumukira (ya anthu) kapena ngati mabizinesi satha kusamukira kwina (zachuma). Oyendetsa sitima za m'madzi amaikidwa pamalo apadera kuti alumikizane zingwe zimenezi.

Ntchito Yamphamvu ya Majeremusi m’Kukonzekera Masoka

Oyang’anira malo a UK akhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pokonza njira yothetsera mavuto, makamaka kuyambira pamene mapangano okonza malo amene apanga malo oyendera a boma agwirizana.

Komabe, ntchito yake siipanda vuto. Mayester ayenera kulinganiza kulimba kwa nthaŵi yaitali ndi zitsenderezo za ndale zadziko kuti ziyendetse ntchito zowoneka. Ayeneranso kuyendetsa malo amodzi: mabungwe a boma, akuluakulu a bungwe, mautumiki a zangozi, a Environment Agency, ndi Met Office zonse zili ndi maudindo ake. Meya wachipambano amamanga mapangano ogwirizana, kuswa malamulo pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitsinje ya zachuma.

Udindo wa Mlembi Wobwerera ku Chiletso

Zochita Zothandiza Kumanganso Matauni

M’malo mwake, meya ayenera kutumiza njira yoteteza mzinda kuti usagwe m’mavuto chifukwa chodziwa bwino malo amene mzindawu uli, chikhalidwe cha anthu ndiponso mmene ungadzitetezere.

Kukonza ndi Kukonza Zoyenera

Nyumba zamakono ndizo zotetezeka kwambiri. Mphepo ya Thames ndi chitsanzo chotchuka kwambiri, koma mizinda ya UK ikuika ndalama m'zitetezero zatsopano: njira zoyendera madzi zotha kuwonongeka (SuDS), misewu yotha kuwonongeka, ndi madenga obiriwira amene amachepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi. Mwachitsanzo, Bristol, yaphatikiza SuDS ndi ntchito zatsopano zopanga zinthu, zimene zikufuna njira zonse zazikulu zoyendetsera mvula pamalowa. Mayster of Manchester ndi West York athandiza kumanga zitsime za madzi osungirako madzi ndi kulimbitsa makoma a mtsinje.

Kupyola chigumula, ziŵiya zamagetsi zimaphatikizapo nyumba zotetezera kutentha (zotetezera madenga obiriŵira, zophimba zounikira, ndi mpweya wachilengedwe), kulimbikitsa mphamvu zamagetsi ku mikuntho, ndi kukweza misewu ndi njanji pamwamba pa zidikha za chigumula. Kukwera mtengo kwake n’kokwera, koma kuwonongeka kopeŵeka kwa chochitika chimodzi chachikulu chikhoza kuphimba kuikitsa ndalamazo nthaŵi zingapo.

Malo Obiriwira ndi Abuluu

Malo otetezeredwa ndi chilengedwe amaonedwa kukhala zipangizo zothandizira kulimba kwa zinthu zambiri. Mapaki a m’ Urban, malo otentha, ndi mitengo ya m’misewu imamwa madzi otentha, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya, ndi kukonza malo osangalatsa. Matauni onga Glasgow ndi Birmingham ali ndi maprogramu otchuka akubzala ndi ntchito zokonzanso mitsinje. "blue-green" imayandikira madzi ndi zomera; Madzi a ku London [FLT: 0] Luclubre Infrastructure Straces Straces [1] Ndi chitsanzo choyambirira, chomafuna kupangitsa mzinda kuzizira, giri, gree, ndi chigumula .

Mayay angafulumizitse nyumba zobiriŵira mwa kuipanga kukhala lamulo lolinganiza, kuika malo a bungwe kaamba ka kugwedeza, ndi kuchirikiza ndalama kuchokera ku magwero onga Njanji ya Kayendedwe ka Nyengo [1] Ukwati wa chitaganya nchofunika: magulu akumasunga mapaki ndi minda ya mvula, kukulitsa kukhazikika kwa mayanjano pamodzi ndi kukhazikika kwa malo okhala ndi zamoyo.

Zinthu Zokhudza Umisiri, Luso, ndi Njira Zochenjezera Anthu Mwamsanga

Kupirira kwamakono ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyendera. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) imalola mizinda kuyang'ana kuopsa kwa madzi, kutentha koopsa, ndi njira zopitira ku dziko panthaŵi yeniyeni. Ofesi ya UK Met imapereka machenjezo oopsa a nyengo, koma kumasulira ndi kufalitsa kwa kumaloko n’kovuta. Mayesi angagwiritsitse ntchito m'zipangizo za mizinda, magetsi oyendera mitsinje, ndi CCTV zimene zimadyera m’zipinda zoyendetsera zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi okonza zangozi.

Mapulogalamu oonekera kwa anthu ndi ma SMS atcheru angachenjeze anthu za kusefukira kwa madzi kapena kutentha kwakukulu. Ku Newcastle pa Tyne, bungweli limagwiritsa ntchito njira yochenjeza anthu a m’zipinda zosungira madzi osefukira, modzifunira kupereka malangizo kudzera pa uthenga. Kuphatikizana kwa zinthu za m'dziko ndi nzeru za kumaloko kumathandiza kuti pakhale kufulumira, kuyankha kolondola kwambiri populumutsa miyoyo ya anthu.

Kugwirizana kwa Anthu ndi Kugwirizana

Magulu othandizira anthu osoŵa chochita (ma SERT) m’mizinda ina amaphunzitsidwa ndi anthu wamba m’zothandiza zoyambirira, kutumiza mchenga, ndi wailesi. Magulu ameneŵa angayambitsenso kukonzekera mwa ndawala za anthu, mapulogalamu a sukulu, ndi mabungwe odzifunira.

Kutomerana kwachipambano kumafuna kufikira magulu osavuta [1] okhalamo, anthu olumala, awo amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa, ndi olankhula Chingelezi. Kumasulira zinthu, kugwiritsa ntchito zopimira, ndi kugwira ntchito ndi atsogoleri a anthu nkofunika. Ku Sheffield, bungwe limagwira ntchito ndi magulu a chikhulupiriro ndi mabungwe a anthu okhala nawo pafupi kugaŵira ziwiya zokonzedwa ndi zosungirapo zopimira pachaka.

Kuchirikiza Chuma ndi Kukhazikika m’Mabizinesi

Masoka amatsekereza mabizinesi, kuwononga ntchito, ndi kugwetsa misonkho ya kumaloko. Oyang'anira malo akutsogolo amalimbikitsa makampani aang'ono ndi apakati kuyambitsa mapulani a kupitirizabe, kupereka ndalama za masitolo otetezera chigumula, ndi kukhazikitsa ndalama zobwezeretsera. Kulimba kwa chuma kwa mzinda wonse kumatanthauzanso kupeŵa kudalira pa chigawo chimodzi; chuma chamitundumitundu chimasintha mofulumira kuchokera ku ku ku kusokonezeka kwa zinthu.

Inshuwalansi ndi chinthu china chovuta kwambiri. Makampani a UK a Flood Re [FLT :1] amapereka ndalama zokwanira ku nyumba zapamwamba, koma kaŵirikaŵiri zinthu zamalonda zimavutika. A May angachirikize kuwonjezera ndi kuchirikiza makampani a inshuwalansi pakati pa mabizinesi akwawo. Post-distaster , kuchirikiza ndalama , misonkho, kupatsa mapulogalamu , kusungitsa mabizinesi pamene akukonza.

Kufufuza Nkhani: Kusonyeza Mmene Mayoral Amathandizira

Kudutsa UK, abwana a boma akutsimikizira kuti utsogoleri wokhazikika umasintha mizinda kuchoka ku kufooka. Pansipa pali zitsanzo zitatu zamphamvu.

London: Mtsinje wa Thames

Monga mzinda wa dziko lonse woyang'anizana ndi kukwera kwa madzi ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, London yawononga ndalama zambiri kuti ichirikize. Thames Barrier imateteza pakati pa London ku mphepo yamkuntho, koma moyo wake woyamba (kufikira 2030) ukufutukulidwa chifukwa cha kukonza koopsa. Komabe, likululo likuyang'anizana ndi chiwopsezo choopsa kwambiri: madzi osefukira kuchokera ku mvula yochuluka yowononga madzi. Mayor of London’s Cliterate Empration Etractive Strategy [1]

Malo ena a boma amaphatikizapo London Draininga Programme ($800 miliyoni adalonjeza zaka zoposa 25), Green Grid system kulumikiza mapaki kuti atenge magetsi, ndi London Climate Resilience Review yofalitsidwa mu 2024. Meyayo akulamuliranso London Resilience Forum, yomwe imasonkhanitsa mautumiki onse a magetsi abuluu, akuluakulu a zoyendera, ndi mafuta kuti ayese njira zamwadzidzidzi chaka chilichonse.

Greater Manchester: Kulinganiza Kosasokonezeka Mwadzidzidzi

Pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa Tsiku la Bokosi mu 2015, kumene kunawononga mbali za mzinda, Mayor of Greater Manchester , Andy Burnham, adapanga ntchito yaikulu. Komiti ya Greater Manchestered Authority inakhazikitsa gulu lodzipereka ndi kufalitsa ndandanda yokwanira [[FLT: 0] . . Phunzolitsirani zimene zikugwirizana ndi mabungwe khumi a anthu. Njirayi imangofotokoza za kutha kwa chigumula, kukonzekera kwa chigumula, ndi kukonzekera kwa chitaganya.

Ntchito ina yodziwitsa ndi "Wigyan Flamme Resilience Programme", imene imaphatikiza makoma osefukira ndi madongosolo achilengedwe . Kuswa madamu ndi kubzala mitengo pa mabotolo kuti mvula ithe. Meyayo anayambitsanso "Resilience Fund" imene imapatsa ndalama za mwamsanga mabanja ndi mabizinesi pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi, kunyalanyaza njira zoyendera zachigumula. Kugwirizana kwa anthu kumaphatikizapo "Mlungu wa Kusintha kwa Masukulu" ndi maulendo a sukulu, zionetsero za onse, ndi ma maofesi othandiza pa mabizinesi ndi inshuwalansi.

Bristol: Mpainiya Wophunzitsa Zinthu Zaudzu

Meya wa Bristol wosankhidwa mwachindunji wagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zolinganiza kukakamiza madenga obiriŵira pa zitukuko zazikulu zonse. Mzindawu umafuna nyumba iliyonse yoposa 1,000 mita zinayi kuti ikhale ndi denga lobiriŵira kapena malo ozungulira dzuŵa, lamulo limene panthaŵi imodzi limachepetsa kutentha kwa zisumbu ndi kutsopa madzi a mvula. Bristol adaikiriranso "Bristol Avon Frand Strategy", kugwirizana ndi Environment Agency yomwe inakulitsa chitetezo pakati pa mzinda ndi tsidyadyamu.

Meya wa "Dolopo la Mzinda Watsopano" amaphatikizapo kusintha kwa nyengo monga mutu womangira, ndi malo operekera mabomba a ukonde ndi mphamvu. Chigwirizano cha anthu cha Bristol . "Bristol Community Resilience" ndi chitsanzo cha antchito odzifunira chimene chatsatiridwa m’mizinda ina. Imalangiza, kujambula zinthu, ndi malo osungirako anthu okhala pafupi kuti achenjeze za chigumula.

Kugonjetsa Zopinga: Kupereka Ndalama, Ndale, ndi Kugwirizana

Ngakhale kuti pali mapindu oonekera bwino, malo a boma amayang'anizana ndi mavuto aakulu. Kupereka ndalama kumakhalabe chopinga chachikulu. Mapangano aakulu a zomangamanga amafunikira mapangano a zaka zambiri amene angasokonezedwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za dziko. Maboma a Defence Grant mu IFred, ndipo mizinda kaŵirikaŵiri iyenera kugwirizana ndi mapangano a misonkho ya bungwe lakwawo kapena kubwereka. Maya ayenera kukhala akatswiri a zinthu zambiri zofunikira: Environment Agency, National Lottery Heritage Fund, okonza nyumba kudzera m'pangano la Gawo 106, ndi makampani achinsinsi kudzera m'misontho yachipaipi yachi.

Kusinthasintha kwa ndale ndi vuto lina. Meya amene amawononga ndalama zambiri poteteza anthu pankhondo ya madzi kwa zaka zisanu, angaone kuti ndalama zolipidwazo sizingapezeke bwino ngati ndalamazo zioneka ngati zikuoneka , mpaka chigumula chotsatira, pamene kusagwira ntchito kudzakhala koopsa. Kulankhulana kwamphamvu nkofunika: a meya ayenera kukonza njira ya inshuwalansi ya nthaŵi yaitali ndi mtundu wa kutukuka kwa chuma, osati kukwera mtengo chabe.

Pomalizira, kugwirizanitsa kupyola malire a kuyang'anira nkovuta kwambiri. Kulamulira kwa mtsinje ndi madongosolo a nyengo sikulemekeza malire a boma. Maulamuliro ogwirizana ndi mametro awongolera kugwirizana kwa m’mphepete mwa nyanja, koma kusagwirizana pakati pa mabungwe a m'mizinda ndi akumidzi oyang'anira madzi. Zothetsera zimafuna mapangano, bajeti yogwirizana, ndi kuzindikirana kwa ngozi zimene oyang'anira mzinda angapange kupyolera mwa kukambitsirana kokhalitsa.

Mmene M’tsogolomu Mudzakhalire: Kusintha kwa Nyengo Kumathandiza

Pamene nyengo yamphamvu iyamba kukwera, kulimba kwa tauni sikungapitirize kukhala malo amodzi. Kuyenera kukhala ndi ntchito iliyonse ya mzinda . Kupanga maluwa, zoyendera, nyumba, thanzi, maphunziro, ku UK. Maya ayamba kale kuyendera mbali imeneyi, kukonzanso mapangano a ukonde ndi njira zopezera bwino chuma.

Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa vutoli ndi izi:

  • Zomangira za kuvomereza zimene zimakweza likulu makamaka kaamba ka ntchito za kusintha kwa nyengo.
  • mphamvu yoneneratu za kutsogolo kuneneratu za mafunde ndi ma fightwave ndi kulondola kwambiri.
  • Chingalinganizire misonkhano yopirira imene imapereka ntchito yeniyeni popanga zosankha.
  • Miyezo ya kulimba kwa madzi yokhayikitsa ya nyumba zatsopano ndi nyumba zamalonda.
  • Malo a mphamvu ya chigawo a kulimba amene amagwirizanitsa machitidwe a mbali zambiri za mzera wa malire.

Boma la UK National Alternatition Programme (NAP3) [NT.1] lofalitsidwa mu 2023 likhazikitsa utsogoleri wa dziko, koma kukwaniritsa kupambana kapena kulephera pa mlingo wa mzinda. Mayar ali opambana achibadwa kuyendetsa kusinthaku [1] N’ngowoneka, nzoŵerengera, ndi zoyandika kwambiri kwa anthu kuti amvetsetse zosoŵa zawo.

Kumaliza: Chisonkhezero Chochititsa Mayoral Leadership

Mizinda ya UK ili pa malo apadera. Chosankha n’chakuti ichitepo kanthu pa masoka . Kubweza ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri kuti akonzeke, kutaya miyoyo, ndi kuona anthu akusweka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molimbika. Majuda ali ndi ulamuliro, pulatifomu, ndi chidziŵitso cha komweko kuti apange njira yachiŵiri. Mwa kukhazikitsa maziko, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kukonza zinthu zachilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, ndi kugwirizanitsa anthu, angamange mizinda imene siipulumuka koma imakula bwino poyang'anizana ndi nyengo yoopsa.

Meya aliyense wa m’dziko la United States ayenera kudzifunsa kuti: Kodi mzinda wanga ukadzakumana ndi zoopsa, anthu a m’deralo adzakhala atakonzekera kupulumuka ndiponso kulemera kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi?