Chiyambi: Malire a Malire a Malire a Mtsogoleri wa Dziko

Chikalata cha 22 cha Amereka cha Kusinthasintha kwa malamulo chikutanthauza chitetezo chachikulu ku dziko la America. Mu 1951, chimaletsa mapresidenti kuikidwa pa udindo pawiri, kuyankha mwachindunji kwa Franklin D. Roosevelt kukhala mfumu kwa nthaŵi zinayi. Kusintha kumeneku kunakonzedwa kuti kuteteze mphamvu za akuluakulu a boma ndi kutsimikizira kusintha kwa utsogoleri, kukhazikitsa mwambo umene unalipo mwamwayi kuyambira George Washington anausiya dala kutsatira malamulo awiri. Kumvetsa bwino za kukonzanso kwa 22 kwa Remend Reformation kumafuna kupenda mizu yake ya mbiri yakale, malamulo ake, ziyambukiro zake zenizeni pa ndale zadziko za ku America, ndi mikangano yosasinthasintha kwa utsogoleri wake m'nyengo yamakono.

Pa mfundo yake, kukonzansoko kumatsimikizira kuti unduna wa boma ndi udindo wa kanthaŵi, osati udindo wa moyo wonse. Imasonyeza nkhaŵa ya Woyambitsayo . Ilo likusonyeza nkhaŵa yake . Pankhani ya kuopsa kwa mkulu wamphamvu kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti Malamulo oyambirira sanaike malire, Malamulo 22 anatseka njira yokhayikirira imene ikanalola pulezidenti wotchuka kukhalabe m'malo audindo kwamuyaya. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza bwino za kukonzanso, chiyambi chake, ziyambukiro zake, ndi mfundo zake zopitira ndi kupitirizabe kwake.

Mbiri Yakale: Kuchokera ku Washington Kufika ku Mawu Anayi a FDR

Mwambo Wamwamwaŵi wa Malamulo Aŵiri

Pambiri ya Amereka yambiri, malire a nthaŵi ziŵiri anali lamulo losalembedwa, osati lamulo lolembedwa. George Washington anakhazikitsa chitsanzo mu 1796 pamene anasankha kusafunafuna liwu lachitatu, lotchuka m'Aderesi yake ya Farewell kuti kusinthana mu udindo kunali kofunika kwambiri ku boma la Republic. Pulezidenti aliyense wotsatirapo anatsatira lamulo losalembedwa, ndi ochepa okha osakhala ngati Ulysses S. Grant ndi Theodore Roosevelt . Iye analingalira kuti mawu achitatu koma analephera kuwasunga. Mwambo unali wokhazikika kwambiri kwakuti anthu ambiri a ku America anaganiza kuti unali mbali ya malamulo enieni.

Mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19 ndi kuchiyambi kwa zaka za 20, malire a nthaŵi ziŵiri anathandiza kuletsa kubuka kwa ufumu wa conome . Iko kunapititsa patsogolo bata ndi kutsimikizira kuti malingaliro ndi utsogoleri watsopano zikhoza kuloŵa ku Nyumba ya White nthaŵi zonse. Komabe, lamulo losalembedwa linalibe mphamvu yalamulo. Pulezidenti wotsimikiza, makamaka wochirikizidwa ndi anthu ambiri, anatha kuswa chitsanzo. Izi ndizo zimene zinachitika panthaŵi ya Kugwa kwa Zachuma ndi Nkhondo Yadziko II.

Franklin D. Roosevelt ndi Kusweka ndi Chiyambi

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) anasankhidwa mu 1932, 1936, 1940, ndi 1944, kutumikira kuyambira March 1933 mpaka imfa yake mu April 1945. Malamulo ake oyamba aŵiri analamuliridwa ndi New Deal, yachitatu mwa kukonzekera nkhondo, ndipo yachinayi ndi mbali yomalizira ya Nkhondo ya Dziko II. Amereka ambiri anayamikira utsogoleri wake wosasunthika pamavuto, koma ena anavutika. Msankhole wa 1940, pamene FDR anafuna kuti akhale ndi mawu achitatu, inayambitsa mkangano waukulu. Ochirikiza ake anatsutsa kuti kupitirizabe kwa nkhondo m'nthaŵi ya chipwirikiti cha mitundu yonse; otsutsa ake anachenjeza kuti khumi osaŵerengeka angatsogolere ku ulamuliro. FDR anapambana chisankhoti, ndipo kenaka chachinayi mu 1944, ngakhale kuti anamwalira m’miyeziyi yake yosakwanira.

Chikalata cha Republican-lected Congress, chodabwitsidwa ndi chitsanzochi, chinasonkhezeredwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa nkhondo kukhazikitsa malire a nthaŵi ziŵiri. Chotulukapo chinali kukhazikitsa kwa 22d Amendment, kochitidwa ndi Congress mu 1947 ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi maboma mu 1951. Chinali chidzudzulo chachindunji kwa FDR demodelity ndi mawu omveka bwino kuti palibe pulezidenti wa mtsogolo amene ayenera kutumikira mawu oposa aŵiri. Chochititsa chidwi, kukonzanso sikunasinthe, chotero Harry S. Truman, amene anatumikira zaka zambiri za FDR, anali woyenerera kuthamanga ndi mawu aŵiri owonjezereka. Ngakhale pambuyo pake anasankha kusafunanso kutchuka mu 1952.

Makonzedwe Ofunika a Kukonzanso kwa Zaka 22

Malire a Zigawo Ziŵiri

Chikonzero chachikulu cha bungweli n’chomveka: “Palibe munthu amene adzasankhidwa ku udindo wa Pulezidenti kaŵiri. Izi zimagwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene anasankhidwapo kukhala pulezidenti, ngakhale atatumikira pambali imodzi yokha chifukwa cha kutsatizana. Kusinthako kukunenanso za nkhani imene wachiŵiri wa pulezidenti kapena munthu wina amaloŵa m'malo mwa pulezidenti. Ngati munthuyo atumikira zaka zoposa ziŵiri za dzina la wotsogolerayo losatha, angasankhidwe kukhala ndi dzina limodzi lokha. Ngati iwo atumikira zaka ziŵiri kapena zocheperapo, amakhala oyenerera kukhala ndi mawu aŵiri athunthu a iwo eni.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene Lyndon B. Johnson analoŵa m'malo mwa John F Kennedy pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Kennedy mu November 1963, Johnson adatumikira zaka zosachepera ziŵiri za dzina la Kennedy. Motero anali woyenerera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu aŵiri onse. Anapambana pa chisankho cha 1964 ndipo anasankha kusathamanganso mu 1968. Mofananamo, pamene Gerald Ford analoŵa m’malo Richard Nixon mu 1974, Ford anatumikira pafupifupi zaka ziŵiri ndi theka, ndipo adampangitsa kukhala woyenerera kaamba ka dzina limodzi lokha losankhidwa. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amaletsa woloŵa mloŵa mmalo wosankhidwa kamodzi ngati adakhala kale ndi desikishoni la zaka zambiri za chaka chimodzi.

Malamulo Opatulidwa ndi Osinthasintha

Demendulo ya 22 inaloleza pulezidenti wopatula pa nthaŵi imene anasankhidwa kukhala wolakwa pa nthaŵi ya kutchedwa kwake. Truman . Truman adaloledwa kuthamanga kwa nthaŵi yachitatu ngati anasankha, koma sanatero. Kuwonjezerapo, kukonza sikumagwira ntchito kwa aliyense amene angasankhidwe kudzaza malo m'Nyumba ya Oimira kapena m'Banga, koma siikuimiranso nthaŵi zimene munthu angasankhe kukhala wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti kukhala prezidenti wa bungwe la VP kutsatitsatiridwa monga momwe VP ikuyenererana ndi malire otchulidwa pamwambapa.

Mowonekeratu, kusintha sikumaletsa yemwe kale anali pulezidenti wa magawo aŵiri kutumikira monga wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti ndiyeno kukwera ku undunansiyo mwa kutsatizana. Chikho chanthanthi chimenechi . Nthaŵi zina chikutchedwa “Priesten dementive wa mamembala aŵiri monga VP . Wakhala akukambitsiridwa koma sanayesedwe. Akatswiri ambiri a malamulo a yunivesite amakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa kukonza zinthu uletsa kutha kwa kachitidweko, koma mawuwo saletsa zimenezo.

Chiyambukiro pa Ndale Zachimereka

Kulimbikitsa Kusintha Utsogoleri Wathu

Chiyambukiro chowonekera kwambiri cha Kusintha kwa 22 ndi chakuti kumatsimikizira kusintha kwa unduna pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zilizonse. Kusintha kokhazikika kumeneku kumayambitsa malingaliro atsopano ndi kuletsa munthu aliyense kulamulira dziko la ndale zadziko kwa zaka makumi ambiri. Kumakakamizanso magulu a ndale zadziko kukulitsa maluso atsopano ndi kumanga zigwirizano zazikulu kuti apambane ndi masankho, mmalo mwa kudalira pa kutchuka kwa nthaŵi yosatha. Ma nduna za Dwight Eisenhowaer kwa Barack Obama zatumikira zifuno ziŵiri, zotsatiridwa ndi owaloŵa mmalo awo, kuchirikiza lamulo la kusankhidwa kwa anthu khumi.

Komabe, kusinthako kumachititsanso “bande lamwala” kukhala chinthu chapadera m'chigawo chachiŵiri. Pambuyo pa kupambana chisankho, pulezidenti akuyang'anizana ndi chitsenderezo cha mwamsanga kuchokera kwa adani ndi ngakhale atsamwali amene amawawona iwo kukhala athanzi. Zimenezi zingafooketse kukhoza kwa pulezidenti kupyola m'malingaliro otchuka kapena kuyankha mokhutiritsa ku mavuto. Akatswiri ena amatsutsa kuti kubwezerako kwachidule kukusonkhezera kulamulira kwanthaŵi yaitali, kupangitsa mapresidenti kusumika maganizo kwambiri pa choloŵa chawo mmalo mwa kuthetsa mavuto amene angathetsere mavuto awo khumi.

Kulimbikitsa Pulezidenti Kusumika Maganizo pa Mkhalidwe Wamakono

Malire a ufulu a mapresidenti angapereke masinthidwe omasuka modabwitsa kuti achitepo kanthu molimba mtima popanda kudera nkhaŵa za chisankho. M'mawu awo oyamba, mapresidenti ayenerabe kukonzanso kachiŵiri, koma pambuyo pake, iwo alibe mphamvu yosankha. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku kupanga zosankha zalamulo, monga momwe George W. Kuwonjezeka kwa ma Bush ku Iraq mu 2007 kapena ntchito za mkulu wa Barack Obama mu kusamuka mu 2015. Kumbali ina, osuliza adatsutsa kuti mawu amalimbikitsa prezidenti kuti adzitse mavuto aakulu mu msewu, podziŵa kuti sadzafunsidwa ndi anthu oweruza pambuyo pake.

Kusinthako kumakhudzanso kusintha kwa masankho a pakati pa masankho. M'mawu achiŵiri a pulezidenti, “malamulo a ” amatha, ndipo oyembekezera kulowa m'bungwe amasumika maganizo kwambiri pa nkhani za kumaloko ndi kusavomereza kwa otsutsa. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku boma lolinganizika kwambiri komanso lokhala ndi malire, pamene mapresidenti omasuka akulephera kuyendetsa zinthu ndi Congress.

Kuwononga Malo Okongola

Malire a Priesten asintha kukhala mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo la osankho la ku America. Mwachitsanzo, amapanga mavoti otseguka, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga mbali yaikulu ya opikisana ndi magulu aakulu aŵiri. Mafuko otsegula ndi opatulidwa amakhala opikisana kwambiri ndi osasankhidwa ndi masankho osakhala ogwirizana. Zimenezi zingawonjezere pangano la ovota ndi gulu la oweruza. Mwachitsanzo, masankhoti a 2008 anali otsegulidwa ndi George W. Mlawu wa Bush, kutsogolera ku Democraticism pakati pa Hillary Clinton ndi Babama, ndipo pomalizira pake masankhoti apamwamba amene anajambula. Mofananamo, chisankhoti cha 2016 chinali chotseguka chifukwa cha Obama.

Mapindu a Malire a Mawu

Kuletsa Kuika Maganizo pa Mphamvu

Phindu lalikulu la Kukonzanso kwa 22 ndi lakuti kumaletsa munthu aliyense kukhala ndi ulamuliro kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Imeneyi ndi njira yothetsera ulamuliro wa authoritarianism ndipo imatsimikizira kuti ofesiyo ikhalabe ntchito ya kanthaŵi, osati chuma chachikhalire. Oyambitsawo anakayikira kwambiri mphamvu yosumika maganizo, ndipo kusinthaku kumagwirizana ndi nzeru za democracy imeneyo. Mwa kuchepetsako, kusinthako kumachepetsa ngozi yakuti pulezidenti angagwiritse ntchito chuma cha boma kuwonjezera, kuyendetsa masankhoti, kapena kuopseza adani. M’dziko limene maboma ambiri aona kuti awonongako mfundo za demokrase pa mawu ambiri, U.S. idakali njira yothandiza kutsutsa.

Kulimbikitsa Kukhazikika kwa Zandale ndi Maganizo Atsopano

Utsogoleri wanthaŵi zonse umasintha mphamvu ndi malingaliro atsopano ku nthambi ya akuluakulu. Palibe lingaliro kapena umunthu umodzi umene ungalamulire kwa nthaŵi yaitali, zimene zimathandiza dziko kusintha ndi kusintha. Kusintha kwa mtendere kwa ulamuliro pambuyo pa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndiko chizindikiro cha kukula kwa demokrase. Ndiponso, mawu amalimbikitsa chikhalidwe champhamvu cha ndale zadziko, kumene anthu ayenera kukonzanso mapulatifomu awo ndi oyembekezera kulowa m'gulu. Zimenezi zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zimene nthaŵi zina zimavutitsa madongosolo a zinthu popanda malire, monga a ku Russia kapena Venezuela.

Kulimbikitsa Maulamuliro Ogwira Mtima M’chipinda Chochepa

Podziŵa kuti nthaŵi njochepa, mapresidenti kaŵirikaŵiri amasumika maganizo pa kufikira zotulukapo zenizeni mmalo mwa kukhala ndi phande m'kutenga ndawala yosatha. Masiku zana loyamba a liwu loyamba ali amphamvu kwambiri, koma pulezidenti wachiŵiri angalondolenso kusintha kwamphamvu popanda chocheukitsa cha masankho ena. Mwachitsanzo, Ronald Reagan anagwiritsira ntchito mawu ake achiŵiri kukambirana mapangano oletsa zida ndi Soviet Union, njira yapamwamba yochitira zinthu yomwe ingakhale yosatheka m'ndale mkati mwa ndawala yotseguliranso. Malirensi angayambitse lingaliro la changu chimene chimasonkhezera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga.

Kusuliza ndi Kutsutsana

Kuletsa Kusankha Zochita za M’makampani

Chimodzi cha zisulizo zofala kwambiri za Lamulo la 22 ndi chakuti chigamulochi chimaletsa anthu kukhala ndi demokrase. Ngati anthu ambiri a ku America akufuna kusankhanso pulezidenti wotchuka kwa nthaŵi yachitatu, kukonza malamulo. Otsutsa amatsutsa kuti voti [1] osati Konsichushoni . Mfundoyi iyenera kusankha kuti ndi nthaŵi yaitali bwanji imene pulezidenti akugwira ntchito. Mfundo imeneyi inakhala yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mabishopu aŵiri otchuka monga Ronald Reaven and Bill Clinton, ndipo ngakhale m'nthaŵi ya Trump Primegerime pamene anthu ena anaphetsa lingaliro la kuchotsa malire. Komabe, oteteza malamulowo akuyankha kuti malamulo a m’dzikolonjezo n’ngofunika kuteteza kwambiri zikhumbo zotchuka zomwe zingatsogolere ku ku kusakaza ulamuliro wa democracy. Malamulo a Boma a Boma, mfundo yomwe imakhudza ufulu wa anthu ambiri, malamulo a ufulu wa anthu omwe amateteza ufulu wa anthu.

Kutaikiridwa Utsogoleri Waluso

Kusuliza kwina n’kwakuti mawu akuti malire amaletsa atsogoleri ozoloŵera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri pamene luso lawo lili laphindu kwambiri. Pulezidenti amene watumikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ali ndi chidziŵitso chozama cha ntchito za boma, malamulo achilendo, ndi kuyang'anira mavuto. Pulezidenti wachiŵiri kaŵirikaŵiri amakhoza bwino kwambiri padziko lonse, pokhala atamanga ubale ndi atsogoleri achilendo. Malamulo amapangitsa kuti dziko likhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira imene ingaletseketse lusolo, makamaka panthaŵi ya mavuto amene amapitirira ulamuliro umodzi wa pulezidenti. Mwachitsanzo, otsutsa mfundo zachigaŵenizo aona kuti pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵeni, Abraham Lincoln akanatha kuchotsa udindo wake mu 18644, ngakhale kuti utsogoleri wake unali wotsutsa kuteteza Union. Komabe, kutha kwa mapanganowo sikuli kovuta, koma kudzutsanso malamulo otsutsa.

Kangaude ndi Kutsitsidwa kwa Kuŵerengera

Monga momwe tanenera kale, malire a mawu amayambitsa nyengo ya bakha wopunduka m'chigawo chachiŵiri, pamene pulezidenti sangakhale ndi chisonkhezero chokwanira cha kumvetsera malingaliro a anthu kapena kulamulira bwino. Zimenezi zingatsogolere ku zosankha zangozi kapena mphwayi. Kuwonjezera apo, malire a mawu amachepetsa kuŵerengera mlandu: pulezidenti wa nthaŵi yachiŵiri sangalangidwe pa bokosi la machitidwe osatchuka, limene limachotsa kuyang'anira koyambirira kwa democracy. Akatswiri ena amatsutsa kuti kuchepetsako kuthekera kwa kuyendetsa ntchito m'zaka zomalizira, monga pulezidenti wopanda woyang'anira mtsogolo akanatha kuchitapo kanthu ngati ayang'ananso kusankhidwa. Zimenezi zinali nkhaŵa m'malemba achiŵiri a George George. Mdush (g., nkhondo ya Iraq) ndi ya Backma (gmag, ndi yoyendetsa malo oyendera dziko).

Kuyerekezera: Malire a Zinthu Padziko Lonse

United States siili yokha m'mawu oikika pamalire ake a boma, koma njira yake njolimba kwambiri. Mademokrase ambiri, monga Falansa, Brazil, Argentina, ndi South Korea, alinso ndi malire ambali ziŵiri, ngakhale kuti mafotokozedwe awo a liwu angasiyane. Mwachitsanzo, Mexico, ili ndi malire aakulu a nthaŵi imodzi kwa pulezidenti wake . "* lamulo losankha lomwe linachokera ku mbiri yake yosintha zinthu. Maiko ambiri alibe malire apadera, kuphatikizapo United Kingdom, Germany, ndi Canada (kumene mutu wa boma ndilo mfumu, koma nduna yaikuluyo imapereŵera ndi chidaliro cha pamalikulu).

Mwinamwake choyenerera kwambiri ndicho maiko amene achotsa malire a nthaŵi kapena kunyalanyaza iwo, kaŵirikaŵiri okhala ndi ziyambukiro zoipa kwa demokrase. Malamulo a Russia anasinthidwa mu 2020 kulola Vladimir Putin kuthamanganso pambuyo poikidwa pa dzina lokhala ndi malire, kumtheketsa kukhalabe m'mphamvu kosatha. Mofananamo, Hugo Chávez ndi Chinija Jerping ya Venezuela yachotsa kapena kuswa malire a dziko la China, kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa authoritarianism. Zitsanzo zimenezi zimagogomezera kufunika kwa Kusintha kwa Malamulo kwa 22 monga lingatetezere ku democracy. Pamene kuli kwakuti U.S. Kusintha kwa upandu kungakhale kopanda ungwiro, kwaletsa prezidenti aliyense kutumikira kuposa mawu aŵiri chiyambi chake, cholembedwa chimene chikhoza kulandiridwa ndi boma la olanda.

Malamulo Ovomerezedwa ndi Kusintha Zinthu

Kuitana kwa Kusintha Kapena Kusintha

Kwa zaka zambiri, andale ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana apereka lingaliro la kukonzanso kapena kukonzanso za Opulment ya 22. Ma Republican apereka lingaliro la kubwezera kwake panthaŵi yachiŵiri (m'chitsanzo, pambuyo pa imfa ya Donald Trump mu 2020, ena anayandama chigawo chachitatu), ndipo Democrats anachita zofanana (mphindi yachitatu., m'nthaŵi ya Barack Obama). Maganizo ameneŵa sanapite kulikonse, pamene kutha kwa masinthidwe aponse ndi malamulo amafunikira anthu aŵiri paŵiri m'nyumba zonse ziŵiri za Congress and ratting ndi marea atatu a mayiko apamwamba.

Malamulo ena okonzanso zinthu safuna kugwiritsa ntchito mawu apadera koma kusintha. Cholinga chimodzi n’chofutukula malire a mawu a zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuchotsa zododometsa za makampani osankhanso pamene akutsimikizirabe kusintha. China n’kulola pulezidenti kuti atumikire mawu aŵiri osafuna kuzunza, monga Grover Cleveland adachitira asanabwezeretsedwe (anasankhidwa mu 1884 ndi 1892). Zimenezi zingapangitse kusinthitsa pamene kukuletsabe kubwerera m’mbuyo. Komabe, kusintha kulikonse kungatsegulenso mapangano a malamulo a boma ndipo kungatsogolere ku zotsatira zosayembekezereka.

Kuvuta Kothandiza kwa Kusintha Zinthu

Kubweza kapena kukonzanso Lamulo la 22 lachitaka kumakumana ndi mavuto aakulu. Kusinthako kumayendera kwambiri chikhalidwe cha ndale. Ngakhale pulezidenti amene wakhala pansi pano atafuna kuti pakhale kachigawo kachitatu, mtengo wa zandale woperekera chilango ungakhale waukulu, chifukwa chikaoneka ngati mphamvu yothandiza. Kuwonjezera apo, ochirikiza kukonzansoko amaphatikizapo anthu onse aŵiri amene amada nkhawa za mphamvu ya ulamuliro wa boma ndi anthu amene amakumbukira FDR yapart. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti kusinthidwe mwamsanga.

Mapeto: Tanthauzo Lokhalitsa la Kukonzanso kwa Malamulo kwa Ma 22.

Chisinthiko cha 22 ndi chisinthiko chongokhudzana ndi lamulo la pulogalamu; ndi mawu onena za mtundu wa ulamuliro wa demokrase. Mwa kugawa ulamuliro wa pulezidenti, chimakhazikitsa lamulo lakuti palibe munthu amene ali wofunika kwambiri ndi kuti mphamvu iyenera kufalitsidwa. Kusintha kwasintha kwa dongosolo lililonse kuyambira 1951, kusonkhezera njira za ndawala, mfundo zogwirizana, ndi mphamvu za moyo wandale wa Amereka. Chiyambukiro chake chakhala chabwino kwambiri, kutsimikizira masinthidwe a utsogoleri, kuletsa kuperekedwa kwa ulamuliro, ndi kuchirikiza mphamvu ya dziko la Republic polimbana ndi ziyeso za ulamuliro wa a a andale.

Komabe kukonzanso sikunalekeretu. Kumaletsa kusankha wovota, kuyambitsa nyengo zopunduka, ndipo kungakakamize atsogoleri ozoloŵera. Kuletsa kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa ulamuliro ndi kulolerana ndi demokrase kumayambitsidwa m'malamulo onse. Mpambo wa 22 democracy umapanga kulinganizika kumene kwatumikira United States bwino kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri, koma sikuli kwangwiro. Monga momwe dziko landale limasinthira, moteronso kuwongolera kwake kapena kukwaniritsa kwake. Komabe, tsopano, malire anthaŵi ziŵiri amaimira chigwirizano cha nzeru ya ku America, amene anamvetsetsa kuti ngakhale atsogoleri otchuka kwambiri ayenera kuima pambali pa chifukwa cha dongosolo lenilenilo.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, fufuzani Shriver yokwanira ya National Reformation , , Constitution Center ya National Center , kapena [[FLT] Congational Record ya mbiri ya malamulo. Ziŵiya zimenezi zimapereka mozungulira mawu a katswiri aliyense kapena nzika iliyonse yofuna kumvetsetsa ntchito ya democracy ya ku America.