Sachh Bharat Mission (Reform India Mission), yomwe inayambitsidwa pa 2 October 2014 ndi Nduna yaikulu Narendra Modi, ili imodzi ya ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya ukhondo m'mbiri ya anthu. Kuposa programu ya boma, imatanthauza kusintha kwakukulu m'njira imene nzika za India zimagwirira ntchito ndi ukhondo wa anthu onse, thayo laumwini, ndi kukhala ndi moyo. M’zaka khumi kuyambira pamene inayamba, ntchito yakhalanso moyo wa anthu m’mizinda ndi m’midzi ya India , kuchokera ku kumangidwa kwa zimbudzi zapanyumba zoposa 100 miliyoni kutsika kwa anthu. Nkhaniyi ikupenda zolinga, zitokosokoso, zitokosokoso, ndi kupitirizabe kwa moyo wa anthu a ku India, kujambula kwa akuluakulu a boma, kufufuza, ndi kuyerekezera kwa padziko lonse.

Magwero ndi Zonulirapo Zokoma za Ntchito ya Swachh Bharat

Sachh Bharat Mission inayambika chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu la dziko. Malinga ndi Ziŵerengero za anthu a ku India za 2011, pafupifupi theka la anthu a ku India kapena anthu oposa 600 miliyoni – sanafike pa malo osungirako zimbudzi. Kutsegulidwa kwa anthu kunali kofala, kowonjezera pa kuchuluka kwa matenda a m’mimba, matenda a njala, ndi imfa za ana. Ntchito yokhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale yokhudza malo onse aukhondo pofika 2 October 2019 mpaka 150 C.

Muzikambirana Zolinga Zake

  • onetsetsani kuti mutsegule potseguka potsegulira pomaikapo [[FL:1] mwa kuonetsetsa kuti banja lililonse lili ndi chimbudzi.
  • Amaphunzitsa mamiliyoni a zimbudzi zapanyumba (IHL) [1] ndi malo aukhondo a anthu m'madera akumidzi ndi m’matauni omwe.
  • Kusintha njira yotayira zinyalala zolimba ndi zamadzimadzi pa mlingo wa chitaganya, kuphatikizapo kugaŵana, kusonkhanitsa, kukonzanso, ndi kutaya kotetezereka.
  • Kusintha kwa khalidwe kwa kakhalidwe mwa ndawala zodziŵitsa anthu ambiri, maprogramu a sukulu, ndi njira zonse zaukhondo (CLTS).
  • Malo omanga malo ku boma, chigawo, ndi mudzi kusungitsa dongosolo laukhondo.

Ntchitoyo inalinganizidwa m'mitsinje iŵiri: Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) [1] kumadera akumidzi, kutsogozedwa ndi Ministry of Top Aters and Santication, ndi Sawach Bharat Mission [1] [URBAN], yoyendetsedwa ndi Ministry of Hollas ndi Urban Affairs . Mtsinje uliwonse unali ndi zida zapadera, zothandizira, ndi mapulogalamu, koma zonse ziŵiri zinagawana masomphenya osonyeza chiyero cha India.

Chiyambukiro pa Kuyeretsa ndi Khalidwe la Ukwati

Kuchotsa Malonda ndi Kuchepetsako Kotseguka

Chipambano choonekera kwambiri cha bungwe la Swachh Bharat Mission ndicho kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi. Pofika kuma 2024, boma linasimba kuti kumanga zimbudzi zapanyumba zoposa 110 miliyoni m’madera akumidzi okha, ndipo madera a m’mizinda akuwonjezerapo mamiliyoni angapo. Malinga ndi National Annual Moral Sanitation Survey (NARS) 20222,23, 96.5% ya mabanja akumidzi anali ndi mwayi wopita ku chimbudzi, ndipo 94% anali kugwiritsa ntchito. Zimenezi ndi kuwonjezera kochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku 40% ya malipoti mu 2014. Kufufuza kwa Independedwa, kuphatikizapo kuja kunachitidwa ndi World Bank and UNICEF, kwatsimikizira kutsika kwakukulu kwa decration – 55% ya anthu akumidzi mu 2014 mpaka 1522.

Kuchepa kwa Madzi ndi Matenda

Ukhondo wokonzedwa wachititsa kuti anthu akhale ndi thanzi labwino. Kufufuza kofalitsidwa mu Lancet ndi Journal ya Global Health [ kuyerekezera kuti Sulve :3] Success yaletsa imfa za ana pafupifupi 300,000 pakati pa chaka cha 2014 ndi 2020, limodzi ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwa matenda ena obwera ndi madzi. Kufufuza kwa WHO ndi Indiya kwa Kufufuza za Zamankhwala kunapeza kuti chiŵembu chilichonse chowonongedwa ndi ntchito yoyeretsa ndi ntchito zaumoyo chinatulutsa kubwerera kwa thanzi, kuchuluka kwa zinthu, ndi kufa. Ogwira ntchito a m'deralo, makamaka a kolera a kolera, ndi amphandang’onoang’ono.

Kuzindikira Ntchito ya M’gulu Limodzi Ndiponso Udindo Wothandizana

Pambali pa maziko a zinthu, ntchitoyi yayambitsa malo atsopano a boma. Masukulu agwirizanitsa maphunziro aukhondo ndi masewero awo , kusintha ana kukhala osintha m'mabanja awo. Swachma Survekshan, kufufuza kwa pachaka kwa mizinda yakumaloko, kwachititsa anthu kukhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zothandizira anthu kukhala aukhondo, ndiponso kufalitsa nkhani za kuchuluka kwa anthu. Masukulu asintha maphunziro aukhondo kuti akhale asukulu, kupangitsa ana kukhala osintha zinthu m’mabanja awo.

Kuyendetsa Zakufa ndi Kusintha kwa Matauni

Njira Zosamalirira Zinyalala Zamphamvu

Sachh Bharat Mission (Urban) inalamula kuti makampani onse a boma apereke zotayidwa za pakhomo 100% za khomo ndi khomo, kusakaniza zinyalala m'zigawo zouma ndi zouma, ndi kukhazikitsa malo okonzera. Pofika 2023, 90% ya makampani a m’tauni ya India adapeza khomo lofikira ku khomo la nyumba, poyerekezera ndi 30% mu 2014. Malo okonzanso zinthu (MRFs) ndi zomera zopanga zinthu za mtundu wa zinthu zakhala zikumera m’mizinda yonga Indore, Surat, ndi Mysuru, zimene tsopano zili malo audo oyera kwambiri ku Asia. Mwachitsanzo, zapeza zinyanzi ndi kutayidwa kwa zinthu zotayitsa zinthu, zikulandira mutu wa mzinda wa India woyera kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Mavuto Amene Zinthu Zinkakumana Nawo

Komabe, kuyang'anira zotayidwa kukukhalabe ntchito yosatha. Central Poltion Control Board (CPCB) ikuyerekezera kuti India amatulutsa matani oposa 62 miliyoni a zinyalala zolimba chaka chilichonse, amene pafupifupi 75% mwa iwo amasonkhanitsidwa ndi kuchepera pa 30% ya sayansi. Zotsalazo zimathera m'kuwononga kwa nthaka, nthaŵi zambiri zosagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Mbali yotsatira ya ntchitoyi, Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 (imene inatchulidwa mu 2021), yasintha maganizo kuti ipeze “kutha kwa sayansi” kwa otaya zinthu zapangika, kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zapulasitiki, ndi kukhazikitsa zinyansi za , ndi kukonza zinyansiko zophatikizana zokhala ndi zinyalala. Matauni onga Benul amayendetsa bwino zosoŵera ndi zotayitsa ndi zopindulitsa.

Kuyeretsa kwa Kumidzi ndi Mbali ya Chitaganya

Chiyeneretso Chonse cha Anthu

Mapiko akumidzi a ntchitoyi anatengera Community-Lects Accessition (CLTS) kuyandikira, kochitidwa upainiya ndi Dr Kamal Kar. Mmalo mwa kungomanga zimbudzi, CLTS imagwiritsira ntchito chipani cha anthu ndi “kuyambitsa machitidwe osokoneza zinthu , monga ngati kujambula malo otsegulira katundu ndi kuŵerengera katundu mpaka kuipidwa ndi manyazi kwa anthu a m'midzi. Midzi imene imapeza mkhalidwe wa kutsegulidwa kwaufulu (ODF) imalandira chilolezo kuchokera ku boma, ndipo yambiri imalandira kunyada kwa anthu. Monga 2024, midzi yoposa 600,000 inanenedwa ndi maiko angapo, monga Amikki, ndi A Smach, ndi Assh, OD.

Kusungika kwa Zinthu Zoyeretsa

Chitokoso chachikulu kumadera akumidzi ndicho kukonza zimbudzi ndi madzi. Zimbudzi zambiri zoyambirira zomangidwa pansi pa ntchitoyi zimakumana ndi mavuto monga kusowa kwa nyumba zikuluzikulu, kusowa madzi, kapena kuwonongeka kwa nyumba. Boma linayankha pogwirizanitsa ukhondo ndi Jeevan Mission (kupezekapo madzi) ndi kuyambitsa “kusintha zinthu" kulowa m’mudzi, kuphimba madera onse m’malo mwa magulu osiyanasiyana. Makomiti a anthu ndi a zaukhondo (VWSC) apatsidwa mphamvu yoyang'anira mapaipi a m'deralo, mapine, ndi kukonza chimbudzi. Umboni wochokera ku mayiko onga Maharashtra ndi Tamil Nad umasonyeza kuti mizinda yonse ya m'mudzi wa VWSC imathandiza kwambiri ODF.

Sawachh Barat Mishoni ndi Gender Equity

Ntchito yoyeretsa yasintha ulemu wa akazi ndi chitetezo. Kusanafike chaka cha 2014, mamiliyoni a akazi a kumidzi ku India anayenera kudzipumula ku minda kapena kumbali ya msewu madzulo asanayambe kapena madzulo, poopa kuvutitsidwa, njoka, kapena chiwawa cha kugonana. Makonzedwe a zimbudzi zapanyumba amasula nthaŵi, kuchepetsa upandu, ndi kulola akazi kupita kusukulu kapena kuntchito. Kufufuza kwa Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation kunapeza kuti akazi a m'midzi ya ODF anasimba za kutsika kwa nkhaŵa zokhudzana ndi kusungidwa kwa zinthu zosamalira ndi 40% yosimbidwa bwino. Ntchitoyi inayambitsanso mwaŵi wa akazi monga ma ma ma ma magn, omanga nyumba, ndi antchito otaya zinthu, ntchito zotopeka.

Maluso a Zachuma ndi Kusintha kwa Maulamuliro

Sachh Bharat Mission yakhala imodzi ya maprogramu otchuka kwambiri a anthu m'mbiri ya India, ndi ndalama zonse zowonongedwa 761.5 lakh crore (pafupifupi USD 20 biliyoni) pakati pa 2014 ndi 2023. Ndalama zophatikizapo zothandizira kufalitsa zinthu zapakati ndi za boma, thayo la kampani (CSR) la ntchito za kampani, ndi ngongole zakunja kuchokera ku World Bank ndi Asian Development Bank. Boma linayambitsanso Swach Bharat Ceses (a.5% levy pa msonkho wa utumiki) kutulutsa chuma chokhala ndi choikizidwa. Kutsimikizira, ntchito yokhudza kuyendetsa ntchito ya anthu onse. Ntchitoyi inadalira pa kumanga zimbudzi zochokera ku maatoko [FLD:] . [ABBBBP] , mayero apadera enieni, ndi ofufuza aunika ndi kuyendetsa ntchito zatsopano zatsopano.

Kuzindikira ndi Maphunziro a Dziko Lonse

Sachachh Bharat Mission yatchuka padziko lonse. Bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse (WHO) linayamikira zimenezi kukhala “chipambano chodabwitsa m'zaumoyo wa anthu. [1] Mitundu Yogwirizana inaphatikizapo nkhani zambiri zachipambano kuchokera ku ntchito monga kufufuza za Sustating Development Zolinga za Sustable (SG 6 pamadzi oyera ndi zaukhondo). Mayiko onga Bangladesh, Ethiopia, ndi Indonesia atumiza nthumwi kuti zikaphunzire njira ya India, makamaka kugwirizana kwa kulankhulana kwa anthu ambiri, kukopana, ndi kubwezera mlandu wapamwamba. Komabe, akatswiri akuchenjeza kuti ntchitoyi ikhale chitsanzo cha boma – yodalira kwambiri pa kuthandizira ndi kuukira kwapakati pa boma ndi kulephera kwa mayiko okhala ndi ufulu kapena chikhalidwe chosiyana.

Malonda ndi Malonda Osawonongeka

Mosasamala kanthu za zipambano zake, Swachh Bharat Mission ili ndi otsutsa.

  • Kusintha kwa chimbudzi n’kosiyana . Pamene kuli kwakuti kugwiritsira ntchito chimbudzi kwawonjezereka, kufufuza kwanthaŵi yaitali kochitidwa ndi bungwe lofufuza za Heference Economics (RICE) kukupereka lingaliro lakuti kutseguka kwa anthu kumapitirizabe m'madera ambiri, makamaka pakati pa magulu a mzera ndi m’madera a madzi. Makhalidwe a anthu amachedwa kusuntha, ndipo mabanja ena amakondabe malo otseguka chifukwa cha kusamva bwino kapena chizoloŵezi.
  • Ubwino wokwanira ndi kukhazikika [1]: Malipoti abuka a zimbudzi zogwiritsiridwa ntchito monga zipinda zosungiramo kapena malo osungirako ziŵeto, kapena kugwa m'zaka zoŵerengeka chifukwa cha kumangidwa kopanda ntchito. Kufulumira kukumana ndi ODF nthaŵi zina kunatsogolera kumanga kofulumira popanda kutsimikizira kukhala kwanthaŵi yaitali.
  • Kusamalira madzi mopereŵera[[FLT: 1] : Kusumika maganizo pa kumangidwa kwa chimbudzi koyambirira kunanyalanyaza “makilomita yomalizira” ya kuyendetsa zonyansa. Kokha chigawo cha masamba a faecal slpule amachiritsidwa bwino, ndipo mizinda yambiri ilibe ziwiya zopatsira madzi onyansa, zimene zimachititsa kuipitsa mitu ya madzi. Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 imafuna kulankhula za zimenezi kudzera mwa magetsi ndi malamulo ojambula (FSM).
  • [[FLT: 0] Kupatuka kwa mizinda kukupitirizabe : Mbali za tauni zakhala zikulimbana ndi kusamuka kofulumira. Malo ndi malo amwaŵi kaŵirikaŵiri samapeza zimbudzi za mudzi kapena mautumiki osungira zinthu zotayidwa, ndipo masitepe a Swachh Survekshan adasulizidwa kaamba ka kuyanja mizinda yachuma imene ingakhoze kupeza maziko abwinopo.

Njira Yapatsogolo: Ntchito ya Swachh Bharat 2,0 ndi Yopitirirapo

Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0 anayambira mu 2025-26 ndi bajeti ya 761.41 lakh crore. Mbali yatsopano:

  • Kukonza zinyalala zotha ntchito kwa zinyalala zolimba, zinyalala za pulasitiki, ndi zinyalala zomanga.
  • Kubwezera kutaya zonse zopangika mwa kukonza ndi kujambula.
  • Kuyendetsa kwa madzi amadzimadzi kosavulaza m'matauni, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zochotsa zimbudzi ndi mankhwala abwino.
  • Ndawala zosintha za kutsogolo imabera sukulu, makoleji, ndi mabungwe a achichepere okhala ndi zipangizo za magetsi ndi makompyuta.
  • tauni yaulere-mpanda (zipimiso za nyenyezi) ndi ODF + + Water + chikalata cholimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kosalekeza.

Chipambano chachikulu cha ntchitoyo chidzadalira pa kusamuka kuchokera ku “make ndi kulengeza ” kukhazikitsa kokhazikika kwa“ kayendetsedwe ndi kusungitsa ” mwambo. Zimenezi zimafuna kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa kumaloko, kukhala ndi nzika zowonjezereka, ndi kugwirizana ndi ziwiya zina zopanga zinthu monga nyumba, kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndi inshuwalansi ya zaumoyo. Crucial, Swachh Bharat Mission siiyenera kukhala ntchito ya boma yokha koma gulu la anthu lokhazikika kwamuyaya m’moyo wa Aindiya.

Kumaliza: Kusintha kwa Maziko m’Chizindikiritso cha Chiŵalo

Sachh Bharat Mission yasintha kwambiri unansi pakati pa nzika ya India ndi malo awo. Imene inayamba monga kuyendetsa zinthu zapamwamba zapamwamba yakhala kugalamuka kofala kwa anthu. Makwalala oyera, zimbudzi, ndi zinyalala zopangitsidwa si zapaderanso , zimene zikuyembekezeredwa. Sukulu zimachita phwando la Swachhala (kuyera), milungu ya anthu okhala pafupi ndi malo akukhala aukhondo nthaŵi zonse, ndi mitu ya anthu a m’mizinda ipikisana poyera ndi Swachh Surveks. Ntchitoyi yakhalanso yosamalira udothi wambirimbiri, kuyambitsa ntchito zaukhondo m'mafakitale, kukonza masitolo, ndi kukonza zimbudzi.

Njirayo njaitali, ndipo zitokoso zambiri zidakalipo – makamaka m'masinthidwe ochirikiza pakati pa 5-10% yomalizira ya anthu ndi kuyang'anira motetezereka mitu yaikulu ya zinyalala zopangidwa ndi chuma chomakulakula. Komabe Swachh Bharat Mission iri chitsanzo chowonekera cha mmene kachitidwe ka boma kofuna kutchuka, kophatikizapo kutengamo mbali m'chitaganya, kungapereke kusintha. Moyo wa nzika za India, wakhazikitsa mwambo watsopano: kuti udongo suli thayo la ofunkha ndi antchito a makampani okha, koma wa nzika zonse.

Monga momwe Mahatma Gandhi ananenera motchuka, “Kulemekeza kuli kofunika kwambiri kuposa kudziimira pawekha. ”

Mabuku Owonjezereka