Malo a ntchito ndi malo ovuta kwambiri kumene antchito ayenera kuzindikira za ufulu wawo walamulo ndi walamulo. Kumvetsetsa zoyenera zimenezi kumapatsa antchito mphamvu zodzichilikiza, kuvomereza kuswa malamulo, ndi kutsimikizira kuchitiridwa bwino. Pamene kuli kwakuti malamulo otetezera kwenikweni amagwira ntchito ku boma, malamulo ambiri a boma ndi a boma amatetezera antchito a kagulu kampatuko. Nkhaniyi imapereka kupenda kolimba kwa ufulu wa malamulo umene umagwira ntchito kuntchito, limodzinso ndi zitetezero zina za malamulo zimene antchito onse ayenera kudziŵa.

Kupenda Ufulu wa Malamulo ku Ntchito

Malamulo a U.S. amatetezera anthu ku machenjera a boma, koma kugwira ntchito kwake m'malo a anthu opatulidwa kuli ndi malire. Lamulo loyamba, Lachinayi, Lachisanu, ndi la 14th Amendments limaletsa mwachindunji olemba ntchito a boma (maboma, boma, ndi malo akwawo). Kwa antchito aumwini, ufulu umenewu umasungidwa mwa malamulo monga ngati Ditut VII of the Civil Rights Act, National Labor Relations Act, ndi malamulo a boma. Ngakhale zili choncho, kumvetsa malamulo a malamulo a malamulo a malamulo kumathandiza oyendetsera kusiyanitsa pamene ufulu wawo ungakhale woyenerera ndi zimene malamulo a boma amathandiza. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo za malamulo a malamulo a m'lamulo ndi malamulo owonjezereka omwe aperekedwa ndi ntchito zamakono.

Ufulu Waukulu wa Malamulo ku Ntchito

Olembedwa ntchito ayenera kudziŵa bwino zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri zimene zimapanga ufulu wa kuntchito.

  • Mpambo woyamba: imatetezera kulankhula kwaufulu, kulankhula, ndi mayanjano. Ogwira ntchito za boma ali ndi chitetezo chachikulu; antchito aumwini amadalira kwambiri malamulo a boma ndi makampani.
  • Demendment yachisanu: Kuchinjiriza ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi khunyu. Applie mwachindunji kwa abwana a boma; antchito aumwini ali ndi zoyenera zachinsinsi pansi pa lamulo la boma ndi maprinsipulo a boma.
  • [[FLT: 0] Fith Amendment: imatetezera ku kudzipatula. Malamulo m'zochitika zaupandu; antchito a anthu awonjezera chitetezo pansi pa . New Jersey[FLT :3]
  • Demendment: imatsimikizira chitetezo chofanana ndi ndandanda yoyenerera. Ogwira ntchito za boma ali ndi chitetezo chakudziko; antchito aumwini amatetezeredwa ndi malamulo oletsa kudana ndi ena.

Kusintha Koyamba: Kulankhula ndi Kulankhula

First Amendment imaletsa boma kuletsa ufulu wa kulankhula mopinga. Kwa antchito a boma, Khoti Lapamwamba mu Picking v. Board of Education inatsimikizira kuti kulankhula pankhani zokhudza anthu onse kumatetezedwa ngati sikusokoneza ntchito kapena kufooketsa luso la wolembedwa ntchito. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti mphunzitsi wa pasukulu sangaikidwe kuti alankhule pa zamaphunziro, koma wogwira ntchito wa m’gulu la ampatuko sanenapo kanthu ngati achotsedwa ntchito.

Komabe, antchito a paokha sasoŵa chitetezo. National Labor Relations Act imateteza “ntchito zogwirizana . — antchito ogwira ntchito pamodzi kuwongolera mikhalidwe yantchito — zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimaphatikizapo kulankhula za malipiro, chisungiko, ndi njira zoyendetsera ntchito. Kuwonjezera apo, maboma ambiri ali ndi “akufuna" kusiyana ndi ntchito zimene zimabwezera kubwezera ntchito yosakhala ya lamulo (kubwezera). Olemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi malamulo omveka bwino amene amalemekeza antchito pamene akusunga dongosolo.

Kusintha kwa Kachinayi: Kukhala Wekha ndi Kufufuza

Demendment Yachinayi imatetezera ku kufufuza kosayenera ndi kukomoka. Ogwira ntchito za boma amayembekezera kukhala achinsinsi m’maofesi awo, madesiki, ndi katundu, ngakhale kuti chiyembekezo chimenechi chimachepetsedwa m'malo ena kapena ofikirika kwa anthu onse. Mu Connor . Ortega , Khoti Lapamwamba linakhulupirira kuti mabwana a boma angapange ntchito popanda chilolezo ngati ali oyenerera m’mbali ndi cholinga.

Kwa antchito a gulu la anthu, Kusintha kwa Four Confline sikumagwira ntchito mwachindunji, koma ufulu wachinsinsi umatetezeredwa ndi malamulo a boma, malamulo amagetsi, ndi malamulo a kampani. Olemba ntchito ayenera kulinganiza zofunika za malonda zovomerezeka — monga kuletsa kuba kapena kuyendetsa ntchito moyenerera — ndi zoyembekezeredwa ndi antchito awo kukhala achinsinsi. Zochita zabwino kwambiri zimaphatikizapo kupereka chidziŵitso cholembedwa cha malamulo oyang'anira, kuchepetsa kufunafuna ntchito, ndi kupeŵa njira zoloŵetsera ntchito monga kuyang’anira m’chipinda chosambira.

Kusintha kwachisanu: Kudzivulaza

Firstment imatetezera anthu kukakamizidwa kudzitsutsa okha m'milandu. Kuntchito, zimenezi zimachitika pamene antchito angapemphedwe kupereka ndemanga zimene zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito pambuyo pake. Kwa antchito a boma, Chiphunzitso cha jariti chimati ngati bwana wa boma akakamiza wolembedwa ntchitoyo kuyankha mowopsezedwa ndi chilango, mawu amenewo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pozenga mlandu wotsatirapo. Zimenezi zimadziŵika kuti “Ufulu wa upandu.

Olembedwa ntchito achinsinsi alibe chitetezo, koma ali ndi ufulu wa kukhala chete ndi kufunsa loya asanapereke chikalata. Olemba ntchito sangakakamize kapena kutumiza antchito, koma angachotse ntchito chifukwa chokana kuyendera kufufuza kovomerezeka — pokhapo ngati pangano la bungwe kapena lamulo la boma lipereka zosiyana. Olemba ntchito ayenera kudziŵa kuti chilichonse chimene amanena pofunsapo chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga umboni, ndipo ayenera kufunsa ngati kufunsako kuli kwachinsinsi kapena koyenera.

Kusintha kwa Zakumwa Zokwana 14: Kutetezedwa Kofanana ndi Kachitidwe Koyenera

Demendment ya 14 imapereka chitsimikizo chakuti palibe boma limene “lidzakana munthu aliyense m’ulamuliro wake chitetezo chofanana cha malamulo.” Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti olemba ntchito a boma sangachitire tsankhu chifukwa cha fuko, kugonana, chipembedzo, kapena mikhalidwe ina yotetezeredwa pokhapokha ngati ali ndi chikondwerero chokakamiza. Limaperekanso njira yoyenerera — chidziŵitso ndi kumvetsera — pamaso pa wantchito wapoyera wokhala ndi chikondwerero cha katundu pantchito yawo (m’njira, aphunzitsi olembedwa m’manja kapena antchito a m’dziko) angachotsedwe ntchito.

Olemba ntchito achinsinsi sagwirizana mwachindunji ndi Lamulo la 14 , koma amalamulidwa ndi malamulo otsutsa kuphwanya malamulo: Ditut VII of the Civil Rights Act, Age Discrection in Admist Act, America omwe ali ndi Chikalata cha Kupunduka, ndi ntchito zopanda tsankho. Malamulo ameneŵa amaletsa tsankho polemba ntchito, kuombera, kukweza, kulipira, ndi ntchito. Ogwira ntchito amene amakhulupirira kuti achitiridwa mlandu angaikidwe ndi bungwe la Ecommoc Accounting Commission (EOC) ndi kutha kulipira.

Zitetezero Zowonjezereka za Magulu Otetezera ndi Boma

Kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa malamulo, antchito amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu motsogozedwa ndi malamulo a boma ndi a boma.

  • [[MLT:0] Kuyenera kulinganiza ndi kugawana mu Ntchito Yogwirizana: Otetezeredwa ndi National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).
  • Kuyenera Kufikira Paphiri: Otetezeredwa ndi Fair Labor Standard Act (FLSA) ndi malamulo a boma.
  • [[FULT:0] Kumanja ku ntchito Yabwino: Otetezeredwa ndi Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) ndi mapulani a boma.
  • Kumanja kwa Banja ndi Manja: Otetezeredwa ndi Family and Medical Let Act (FMLA) ndi boma losiya malamulo.
  • Kuyenera Kukhala Womasuka Ku Retaliation : yotetezedwa ndi pafupifupi lamulo lililonse la ntchito lokhudza kuchita ntchito yotetezeredwa.

Kuyenera Kolinganiza ndi Kuloŵamo m’Ntchito Yogwirizana

National Labor Relations Act imapereka kwa antchito aumwini ufulu wa kupanga, kugwirizana, kapena kuthandiza maukwati a antchito; kutsatsa malonda; ndi kudziloŵetsa mu “ntchito zogwirizana” kaamba ka thandizo kapena chitetezo. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukambitsirana za malipiro, kufalitsa zifuno zokhudza ntchito, ndi kuvala mgwirizano. National Labor Relations Board (NLB) imakakamiza ufulu umenewu ndi kuletsa abwana kubwezera ntchito, monga kuombera kapena kuopseza antchito kuti agwire ntchito limodzi. Ngakhale m'malo antchito osakhala a boma, antchito ali ndi ufulu wakuchita zinthu pamodzi kuwongolera mikhalidwe — chitetezo chimene chimakhudza onse aŵiri ziŵalo ndi anthu osakhala ziŵalo.

Kuyenera Kupeza Mphotho Zabwino

Fair Labor Standard Act imakhazikitsa malipiro ochepera a boma, amafuna malipiro owonjezereka pa nthaŵi 1.5 mlingo wokhazikika wa maola oposa 40 pa mlungu wantchito, ndi kuletsa ntchito ya ana. Maboma ambiri ali ndi malipiro ocheperapo ndi malamulo owonjezereka owonjezera. Achotseni antchito (opalamula, oyang'anira, aukatswiri, ndi ogulitsa kunja) samayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yowonjezereka; kulephera kuswa malamulo. Olembedwa ntchito ayenera kutsimikizira kuikidwa kwawo ndi kutsimikizira kuti amapatsidwa malipiro a maola onse ogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo nthaŵi ya kudikira, ndi maola olira. Dipatimenti ya ntchito ya Wage ndi Hour Division imasungitsa ntchito ya FLSA ndi madandaulo.

Kupita ku Ntchito Yosaopsa

Occutation Safety and Health Act imafuna kuti olemba ntchito apereke malo a ntchito popanda ngozi zodziŵika zimene zimayambitsa kapena zimene zingaphe kapena kuvulaza kwambiri. Olemba ntchito ayenera kugwirizana ndi miyezo yakutiakuti ya chitetezo, kulangiza, ndi kupereka lipoti la ntchito yokhudzana ndi matenda. Olembedwa ntchito ali ndi ufulu wopereka lipoti la mikhalidwe yoopsa, kupempha kufufuza OSHA, ndi kutengamo mbali m'kufufuza popanda kubwezera. Ohsha chinjiriza chitetezo cha OSH Act ndi malamulo ena amene amatetezera anthu amene amasamalira. Makonzedwe a boma OSHA angapereke chitetezo chowonjezereka.

Kuyenera kwa Banja ndi Chithandizo cha Zamankhwala

Banja ndi Medical Leact limalola antchito oyenerera kufikira milungu 12 ya tchuthi chosalipidwa chaka chimodzi kaamba ka kubadwa kapena kulera mwana, mkhalidwe wathanzi wa wantchito kapena chiŵalo cha banja, kapena chikalata chausilikali. Olembedwa ntchito ayenera kukhala atagwira ntchito pa miyezi 12 (osati yotsatizana) ndi maola 1,250 m’chaka chapita, ndipo womlemba ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi antchito 50 kapena kuposapo. FMLA amafuna kuti bwana wake asunge inshuwalansi yathansi ya thanzi panthaŵi ya tchuthi ndi kubwezeretsa wolembedwa ntchitoyo ku malo amodzimodzi kapena ofanana ndi otero atabwerera. Mayi ena amakhala ndi banja lawo lolipiridwa ndi maprogramumboni a zamankhwala omwe amathandiza kubwezera malipiro.

Mmene Mungatetezere Ufulu Wanu

Kudziwa zoyenera kuchita n’kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kuchita zimenezi kungakulepheretseni kuphwanya malamulo ndi kukuthandizani kuti musamachite zinthu monyanyira.

  • Dziŵani malamulo a abwana anu ndi lamulo: Ŵerengani bukhu la ntchito, pangano la mgwirizano, ndi zikalata za boma ndi zaunyinji za boma.
  • Sungani zolembedwa zonse: Kusunga zolembedwa za zochitika, kulankhulana, ndi umboni uliwonse wa tsankho, kuvutitsa, kapena kubwezera.
  • Gwiritsirani ntchito njira zoperekera lipoti za mkati: Lipoti lodetsa nkhaŵa kwa HR, bwana wanu, kapena lamulo lotsatizana logwirizana monga momwe kwasonyezedwera m'kampani.
  • [[FLT : 0] Mawonere a mlandu ndi bungwe loyenerera: kaamba ka tsankho, faira ndi EOC kapena bungwe loona za ntchito. Kuti mutetezeke, lankhulani ndi OSHA. Kaamba ka nkhani za malipiro, lankhulani ndi Dipatimenti ya Ntchito.
  • Khonsa loya wa ntchito: Ngati kuswako kuli mankhwala aakulu kapena a m’thupi, loya angapereke uphungu pa kuvomereza, kugaŵidwa, kapena kukambitsirana.

Dziŵani Ulemu ndi Chilamulo cha Mkugari Wanu Wantchito

Wolembedwa ntchito aliyense ayenera kudzidziŵa ndi malamulo a kampani otsutsa kudana, kuvuta, kuchoka, chinsinsi, ndi chilango. Olemba ntchito ambiri afunikira kutumiza chidziŵitso chonena za ufulu wa boma ndi boma (m’chitsanzo, FMLA, FLA, OSSA ). Malamulo a boma angapereke chitetezo chachikulu — mwachitsanzo, maboma ena amaletsa tsankho lozikidwa pa kugonana kapena kugonana ngakhale ngati lamulo la boma silitero. Kukhalabe odziŵitsidwa kudzera mwa [[FLT: 0] EC [FLT], , [FLT:] , [FLT:] .A , ndi KM [FLT]

Khalanibe Olemba Bwino

Mukaganiza kuti muphwanya ufulu, jambulani nthawi imodzi. Phatikizani masiku, nthaŵi, malo, maina a mboni, ndi malongosoledwe olondola a zimene zinachitika. Sungani makalata, mauthenga a meseji, mafoni, ndi mapikicha amene amasonyeza kuchitiridwa mopanda chilungamo. Zithunzi za mikhalidwe yosatetezeka, kulipira zolembedwa zosonyeza kusoŵa nthaŵi yowonjezereka, kapena makope a kudandaula kwa tsankho ali umboni wofunika. Malembo angatsutse pamene akuimba mlandu kapena kuweruza mlandu, popeza zikuiwalika ndi olemba ntchito angatsutsa nkhani yanu.

Gwiritsirani Ntchito Njira Zochitira Lipoti

Olemba ntchito ambiri amakhala ndi njira zoperekera madandaulo — kaŵirikaŵiri dipatimenti ya HR, madipatimenti osadziŵa kanthu, kapena ofisala wosankhidwa. Kusimba nkhaniyo m’kati mwa nyumba kungathetse nkhaniyo mwamsanga ndi kusonyeza kuti mwapatsa bwana wanu mpata wakuwongolera vutolo. Kungakhalenso kofunika pa milandu ina yalamulo, monga ngati wolemba ntchitoyo akudziŵa ngati ali ndi mlandu wa khalidwe lake.

Kuweruza Maboma

Ngati chigamulo cha mkati chitalephera, mungathe kulemba mlanduwo ku bungwe la boma kapena boma. Kuti mukhale ndi mlandu wa kuchotsedwa ntchito, muyenera kulemba mlandu ndi EEOC (kapena bungwe loimira boma) m’masiku 180 (kapena masiku 300 m’mayiko ena) a kuswa lamulo. EOC idzafufuza ndi kutulutsa “ufulu wa kulembetsa pepala. Pa kuswa lamulo ndi ola, ikani chidandaulo ndi Dipatimenti ya OSH’s Wage ndi Hour Division. Mabungwe onse akakhala ndi OSHA, azikhala ndi malire ndi njira zokhwima, chitapo kanthu mwamsanga.

Onani Kamangidwe ka Ntchito

Loya amene ali ndi ntchito angafufuze mlandu wanu, kufotokoza zimene mungafune, ndi kukuimirani pokambirana kapena pokambirana. Ambiri amapereka chithandizo chalamulo chaulere. Chithandizo chalamulo nchofunika kwambiri ngati muyang'anizana ndi nkhani yovuta — monga kubwezera, kulipira, kapena kuchotsa ntchito molakwa — kapena ngati bwana ali wamkulu ndi wotchuka. Nkhani zina zimatengedwa pa maziko oyenera, kutanthauza kuti loyayo amapatsidwa ngati mwapambana. Funani ma a makampani a m'mabungwe akwanu kapena ngati mugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zalamulo ngati ali nkhaŵa.

Kumaliza

Kuzindikira zoyenera za lamulo kuntchito nkofunika kwa antchito onse, kaya m'chigawo cha anthu onse kapena chaumwini. Pamene kuli kwakuti Malamulo a malamulo a boma akhazikitsa maziko, malamulo amakono a ntchito ndi antchito zawonjezera kwambiri chitetezo pa tsankho, mikhalidwe yosatetezeka, malipiro osalungama, ndi kubwezera. Mwa kukhalabe odziŵa, kulemba mapepala a kampani, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoperekera malipoti, ndi kufunafuna malangizo alamulo, antchito angateteze ufulu wawo ndi kuthandiza ku malo a ntchito abwino ndi oyenera. Mphamvu zamakono ndizo njira yotsimikizira kuti antchito onse amachitiridwa mwaulemu ndi ulemu.