Vuto Lochuluka la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi M’matauni

Kuyang'anira madzi m’mizinda ndi kuteteza madzi kusefukira kwa madzi zakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa mizinda ya UK m’zaka za zana la 21. Dzikoli laona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nyengo za mvula, ndi Office ya Met ikusimba kuti masiku 10 ovuta kwambiri kuyambira mu 1891 onse achitika kuyambira 1998. Kusintha kumeneku, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, kuika chitsenderezo chachikulu pa dongosolo la kutaya madzi a m'madzi aukalamba, malo okhala ndi anthu okhala m’madera ozungulira madzi osefukira. Mayoral ayamba kukhala chipangizo chovuta kwambiri pokonza mizinda, kuyankha, ndi kuchepetsa mavuto a madzi ameneŵa. Kumvetsa bwino mphamvu za malamulo ameneŵa n’kofunika popenda ndi kuzindikira njira zawo za malo okhala ndi malo okhala bwino a m’mizinda.

Ntchito ya oyang'anira malo osankhidwa mwachindunji mu UK yakula kwambiri kuyambira pa masankho oyamba a meya wa mameya mu 2000, lerolino, mameya m'madera monga Greater Manchester, West Midwands, West Yorkshire, ndi London ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu pa zoyendera, nyumba, kukonzekera, ndi malo ozungulira. Maulamuliro ameneŵa amagwirizanitsa mwachindunji ndi zosankha za kuyendetsa madzi, kuyambira kuvomereza njira zatsopano zoyendera kuchirikiza njira zotetezera madzi ku ku kukwera kwa mafunde. Utsogoleri wa a kazembe wa malo ameneŵa ukhoza kutanthauza kusiyana pakati pa mzinda umene umasintha ndi umene ukuvutika, kuwonongeka kwa chigumula chokwera.

Ntchito ya Oyendetsa Madzi a M’matauni

Mays ku UK ali pamalo apadera pa misewu ya boma lakumaloko, kulinganiza malo, ndi malamulo a dziko. Zosankha zawo zimakhudza moyo wonse wa kuyendetsa madzi a m’tauni, kuyambira pa kuyendetsa zinthu za m'mafakitale ndi njira zothandizira zamwadzidzidzi mpaka kukonza nyengo yaitali. Malamulo a boma angachepetse ngozi za madzi, kukonza bwino madzi, ndi kulimbikitsa kuti madzi azigwiritsidwa ntchito m’madera onse. Komabe, mphamvu zoyendera zimasiyana ndi madera, malinga ndi mphamvu zogaŵidwa ndi malo a boma ndi chuma chimene alipo.

Mathayo ndi Mphamvu Zazikulu za Oimba

Maboma a boma asinthasintha zinthu kuti agwire ntchito yawo, koma mayiko ambiri amathandiza kuti madzi a m’madzi aziyenda bwino:

  • [[FLT :0] Kulinganiza ndi kuyendetsa zinthu: kaŵirikaŵiri amakhoma kupanga njira za chigawo, zimene zimasankha kumene kumamangidwa nyumba zatsopano ndi zipangizo zamakono. Izi zimaphatikizapo kufuna madongosolo okhazikika oyendera madzi a m'madzi (SuDS) m'zochitika zatsopano kuti achepetse madzi akumwa.
  • Kuikizira ndi mabizinesi a za magetsi: malo ambiri osungiramo ndalama zoyendera zogwirizana, zimene zimaphatikizapo ndalama zothandizira kuwongolera zinthu pa misewu, njanji, ndi malo a zoyendera za anthu. Kusoŵa kwa madzi kungafooketse migwirizano ya zoyendera mkati mwa mvula yaikulu.
  • Njira yachidziŵikire: Mameya angapo asindikiza njira za nyengo zimene zimaphatikizapo malo enieni osungirako zinthu zobiriŵira, kulimba kwa madzi, ndi kuwongokera kwa madzi. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amatsogolera kuikizira ndi zosankha za kayendetsedwe ka zinthu m'chigawo chonsecho.
  • Kulinganiza ndi kugwirizana: Maya amagwira ntchito yaikulu polinganiza njira zamwadzidzidzi panthaŵi ya chigumula, kugwira ntchito ndi Environment Agency, mabungwe a kumaloko, ndi mautumiki angozi kutetezera madera ndi kusamalira othaŵa.
  • Kugawidwa kwa ndandanda: Majesi asonkhezera mmene ndalama za boma za kutetezera chigumula zimawonongedwera m'madera awo, ndipo angawonjezerenso ndalama za kumaloko kupyolera m'zochitika zonga ngati lamulo la meya pa msonkho wa bungwe la kusungitsa ndalama m'masitepe owonjezereka ochirikiza kusefukira.

Mmene Ulamuliro wa Mayoral Umagwirizanirana ndi Maboma

N’kofunika kudziŵa kuti malo a boma sachita zinthu modzipatula. Oyang'anira malo a zachilengedwe ali ndi udindo waukulu woteteza madzi ndi kuyendetsa zinthu zowononga m'madzi ku England. Makampani a madzi ali ndi madongosolo ochotsa madzi ndi kuyendetsa zimbudzi. Mabungwe a m'madera a kumeneko amakonza mafomu a pulogalamu a malo ovutawa. Mayor ayenera kuyendetsa malo ozungulirawa, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zothandizira ndi mphamvu zawo zapadera kuti ayendetse ntchito yodutsa m'mathithithi ambiri. Magena a pulogalamu achipambano kwambiri ndi amene amagwirizanitsa bwino zinthu zofunika za akatswiri osiyanasiyana ameneŵa pa masomphenya a m’tauni.

Kufufuza za Anzake: Kuteteza Chigumula ku Mayoral-Lelod

Zokumana nazo za London, Greater Manchester, ndi Leeds zimapereka zitsanzo zopindulitsa za njira zosiyanasiyana ndi zotulukapo zake.

London: Mtsinje wa Thames

London yapindula ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zotetezera ku UK, zambiri zakhala zikuyendetsedwa ndi utsogoleri wa boma mumzinda. Thames Barrier, yomwe inatha mu 1984, imateteza anthu oposa 1.4 biliyoni ndi $321 biliyoni za katundu kuchokera ku mafunde. Komabe, Great London Authority, pansi pa oyang'anira , yazindikira kuti chopinga chokha n’chosakwanira pa nyengo yaitali ya mzinda. Thames Estuary 2100 Plan, yoyamba kufalitsidwa mu 2012 ndi kukonzedwanso, imayala njira yokwanira yoyang'anira chigumula kukafika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana. Sadi Kh , wadzipereka kukonza njira imeneyi m'dera la London, kutsimikizira kuti chitukuko chatsopano mu mzinda wa Estmesgrade ikulitsidwa kuti chiwonjere ndi kuwonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphepo ya mkunthombe.

Kupyola pa madzi otetezera, malo a London apititsa patsogolo ziŵiya zobiriŵira monga chiwiya choyang'anira madzi akunja. London Sustaitable Drainage Action Plan, inayamba mu 2016, ikupereka masomphenya a kupanga mzinda wa SuDS wokonzedwa bwino mu 2040. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo madenga obiriŵira, minda ya mvula, ndi malo oyenda otetezeka omwe ali m’malo a anthu onse ndipo amafuna kuti madzi azikhala ndi zitukuko zatsopano. Zimenezi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya dongosolo la madzi otaya pansi pamadzi, amene kaŵirikaŵiri amasefukira ndi kuipitsa zinthu mu mtsinje wa Thames. Kudzipereka kwa nduna za nkhalango ya nkhalango yachitanso zokongola za mpweya, zokometsera za m’mizinda, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Greater Manchester: Kubwereranso kwa Chigawo Kosagwirizana

Manchester Wamkulu akupereka chitsanzo chogwira mtima cha mmene oyang'anira meya a m'deralo angayendetsere molinganiza ndi akuluakulu a boma ambiri. Mayay Burnham wapanga ntchito yaikulu ya uyang'aniro wake kuyambira mu 2017. Mpando wa chigawo cha chigawo Chasinthani, umene mipando ya meya, usonkhanitsa mabungwe a kumaloko, mabizinesi, ndi magulu a malo okhala ndi malo okhala kuti apange pulani ya zaka zisanu ya mzinda. Mayay Burnha amaphatikizapo ziwongo zenizeni zowonjezera chigawo cha biribiri, kuchepetsa ngozi ya madzi, ndi kuwongolera mkhalidwe wa madzi kudutsa makoma khumi a mzindawo.

Chipambano chachikulu cha utsogoleri wa Burnham chakhala kupititsa patsogolo njira zoyendetsera zinthu zachilengedwe. programu ya mzinda wa Mitengo, yochirikizidwa ndi boma la meya, yabzala mitengo yoposa 2 miliyoni kuyambira 2017, yambiri m'madera akutali kumene amathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mvula ndi madzi otsika. Meya wathandizanso kuwonjezera njira zachilengedwe zosamalira chigumula, kuphatikizapo kubwezeretsa bowa wa maboo m’mapiri a Pennine ndi kulenga kwa madzi osefukira m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Irwell. Kuloŵerera kumeneku kumachepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi m'chigawo cha Manchesters pamene akugaŵira mapindu a zachilengedwe ndi malo odzipiritsa.

Ofesi ya meya wachitanso mbali yaikulu m'kusungitsa ndalama zothandizira kutetezera madzi. Mu 2020, Great Manchester Drined Authority mwachipambano ya £45 miliyoni kuchokera ku Environment Agency Defence Grant in Aid kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo ku River Mersey ndi kutsata kwake kothandiza. Ndalama zimenezi zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi zopereka za kumaloko kuchokera ku gawo la mameya, kulola mzinda wa traintion kufulumizitsa ntchito zofunika kwambiri pofika zaka zingapo. Njira yogwirizana yopereka ndalama ndi kugaŵana ndi maboo, msonkhano-conilce umene unali wotchuka kumbuyo kwa de consonformation.

Maledzero: Luso la Leeds la Kukonza Madzi Otsala

Leeds akupereka kafukufuku wa mmene utsogoleri wa mzinda wa Leeds angagwiritsirire ntchito yosintha zinthu zapamwamba. Leeds Flood Alleviation Scheme, yomwe inatha mu 2020, ndi imodzi ya ntchito zoteteza madzi aakulu kwambiri komanso zatsopano kwambiri ku UK. Project , yoperekedwa ndi Leeds City Council mogwirizana ndi bungwe la Environment Agency ndi kuthandizira kudutsa West Yorkshired Authority , yomwe inathandiza kukonza mpambo wa makhoma, makoma osefukira, ndi mabomba a m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Aire kudzera m'kati mwa mzinda.

Ntchito ya West Yorkshire Mayor , Tracy Brabin, yakhala yothandiza kuteteza mbali yachiŵiri ya kakonzedweka, imene imawonjezera chitetezo ku madera osungirako madzi achilengedwe ndi kuphatikizapo njira zoyang'anira zinthu zachilengedwe. Ofesi ya meya yakhazikitsa njirayi monga chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa zachuma m’chigawo chonse, kuzindikira kuti chitetezero cha madzi n’chofunika kuti akope anthu ndi kuchirikiza kukula kwa mzinda wa Leeds. Mbali yachiŵiri imaphatikizapo kulengedwa kwa malo osungirako madzi, kumene madzi ambiri angasungidwe m’madzi, ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa ma meters m’madzi kuti achedwe ndi madzi. Njira zimenezi zinapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kukwera kwa mvula kopekeredwa pansi pa nyengo ya nyengo.

Kupyola pa maziko otetezera, Mayor Brabin wagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zake zolinganiza kutsimikizira kuti zitukuko zatsopano m'madera osefukira zimaphatikizapo njira zoyenerera ndi kuchirikizira. West Yorkshire Spatial Development Strategy, imene meya ali ndi thayo la kupanga, imaphatikizapo malamulo omveka bwino ofunikira kupanga njira zatsopano kuti zipezetse mipata yapamwamba ya madzi ndi kuphatikizapo SuDS kumene kuliko. Dongosolo limeneli limatsimikizira kuti kukula sikuwonjezera ngozi ya chigumula pansi pa mtsinje ndi kuti madera atsopano alinganizidwe kukhala olimba kuyambira pachiyambi.

Zochita Zachipambano: Zimene Zimachirikiza Kuchinjiriza Chigumula cha M’mizinda

Kugwiritsa ntchito zimene mizinda ya UK inachita, njira zingapo zathandiza kuchepetsa chigumula ndi kukonza madzi. Njira zimenezi zimagwirizana ndi zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe, kugwirizana kwa anthu, ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaŵi yaitali.

Malo Obiriwira ndi Njira Zothetsera Chilengedwe

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri poyang'anira madzi a m’mizinda m’zaka zaposachedwapa ndicho kusintha kwa zinthu zobiriwira kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi zinthu zoyera. Malo a biriŵiro, maluŵa a mvula, ma ma ma spale, masitepe otha kuwonongeka, ndi madoko onse ogwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyendetsa mvula, kuchepetsa mphamvu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osefukira kulowa m’madzi. Kufufuza kwa pa University of Manchester kwasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zipangizo zobiriwira za biribiribiri kukhoza kuchepetsa ngozi ya kusefukira kwa madzi ndi 50% m’malo ogwidwa ndi mizinda, pamenenso kukubweretsa mapindu a mpweya wabwino, a zomera ndi thanzi.

Mayoral Service Seragram ya ku London Sustainable Drainage Action Plan, Greater Green Infragradaformation , ndi West Yorkshire Natural Management Program imasonyeza utsogoleri wa meya m'dera lino. Malamulo ameneŵa amapereka chitsogozo kwa omanga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kuti athandize kukonza malo okhala, ndi kukhazikitsa mipata yokhudza malo obiriŵira. Malamulo ogwira ntchito kwambiri amaphatikiza zofunikira ndi zisonkhetso za ndalama, monga kuchepetsa malo a pansi pa madzi opangira malo amene aikapo SuDS.

Machenjezo a Chigumula ndi Kukhazikika kwa M’chitaganya

Kuteteza thupi lokha sikuli kokwanira kutetezera anthu ku chigumula. Madongosolo a Chigumula amene amachenjeza anthu ndi mabizinesi kuti akonzekere ndi kuthaŵa nkofunika mofananamo. Ozemba achita mbali yaikulu m'kuwongolera dongosolo lochenjeza ndi kuyandikira kwa madzi m’madera awo. Greater Manchester Resilience Forum, imene mipando ya meya imabweretsa mautumiki angozi, mabungwe a kumaloko, ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe okonzekera zochitika zachigumula ndi madongosolo ochenjeza kupyolera ku ndandanda ya nthaŵi zonse.

Maprogramu a pangano la chigwirizano cha anthu atsimikizira kukhala othandiza kwambiri pomanga zipilala madera. Kampasi ya Kampani ya Kachimbitsirano yochirikizidwa ndi bungwe la Environment Agency, kaŵirikaŵiri yogwirizana ndi akuluakulu a za malo, imagwira ntchito pamodzi ndi anthu a m’deralo kukonza njira zokonzera chigumula, kukhazikitsa chitetezo cha katundu, ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe odzifunira olondera. Maprogramu ameneŵa amathandiza nzika kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu yawo yolimba pamene zikulimbitsa ubale wawo umene uli wofunika kuti zithandize kwambiri. Maylysi amene amapanga kuti kuchepetsa kudalirana kwangozi panthaŵi ya chigumula cha madzi ndiponso kuti akonzeke pambuyo pake.

Kulinganiza Zinthu Bwino ndi Kusintha

Mizinda yolimba kwambiri ndi imene imakonza zinthu kuti isasinthe. Kusintha kwa nyengo kumasonyeza kuti mvula idzapitirizabe kusintha, ndipo nyanja idzapitirizabe kukwera, koma njira zoyendera ndiponso zazikulu za kusintha kumeneku sizikhala zosadziwika. Njira zosinthira, zimene zimapanga maluso a zinthu ndi zosankha za kukonza zinthu, zimathandiza kuti mizinda ikhale ndi moyo wodzitetezera. Madera a Thames Equary 2100 ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kuyendetsa zinthu, komanso njira zomangira njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera mlingo wa nyanja ndi kuyambitsa njira zotetezera.

Mayesi ali ndi mphamvu zotha kuyang'anira zinthu zosinthasintha m'makonzedwe a m'chigawo. Kufuna kuti madzi achuluke aone mmene nyengo imasinthira komanso kuvomereza kuti zinthu zimene zikusintha masiku ano zikhalepo, ndizo zokha zimene zingathandize kuti zosankha zimene zachitika masiku ano zisasokonezeke m'tsogolo. Kutero kumafuna kugwirizana kwambiri ndi bungwe la za chilengedwe komanso makampani a zamaphunziro omwe amathandiza kwambiri kuti nyengo ikhale bwino.

Mavuto Amene Amalepheretsa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Molongosoka

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zinayenda bwino ku London, Manchester, Leeds, ndi mizinda ina, pali mavuto aakulu.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo Ndiponso Kutentha Kwambiri

Chitokoso chachikulu chimene amanijala a madzi onse a m’tauni ndicho kuwonjezereka kwa kusintha kwa nyengo. Lipoti la UK Climate Change Committee la 2022 linapeza kuti dzikolo silikusintha mofulumira kuopsa kwa nyengo yotentha. Kutentha kwa mvula koopsa, komwe kumayambitsa kusefukira kwa madzi m’matauni, kukuoneka kuti kudzawonjezeka ndi 20-30% mwa 2080 ya ma 2080 a kutulutsa mabomba. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti njira zotulutsa madzi opangidwa ndi nyengo ya kutentha ya m'mbiri ya mvula zidzagonjetsedwa nthaŵi zonse, ngakhale ndi kukwera kwa madzi oyenda pansi pa madzi oyenda pansi pa madzi.

Mizinda ya m’mphepete mwa nyanja iyenera kuloŵetsedwa m’malo kapena kuwonjezerapo chiwopsezo cha kukwera kwa nyanja, chomwe chimawonjezera kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mphepo. Thames Barrier, yokonzedwa kuti iteteze mpaka 2070 pa nyengo zoyambirira, ingafunikire kuloŵetsedwa m’malo kapena kuwonjezerapo kuposa mmene inalinganizidwira ngati nyanja ikula mofulumira kwambiri kuposa mmene inayembekezeredwa. Maya m'mizinda ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'magombe afunikira kukonzekera kaamba ka tsoka limeneli, limene limafunikira kusankha movuta ponena za madera amene angatetezere ndi amene angalolere kutengera kuiwala kwa magetsi.

Kupereka Zofunika ndi Kuika Zinthu Zofunika Patsogolo

Malo otetezera madzi ku England amaperekedwa kudzera mu bungwe la Environment Agency’s Defence Grant mu Aid program, imene imagaŵira pafupifupi $800,000 miliyoni pachaka kuntchito zofunika kwambiri. Ndalama zimenezi n’zopereŵera pothandiza kuti ntchito zonse zikhale zofunika, makamaka pamene kusintha kwa nyengo kukuwonjezera kukwera kwa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. Ofesi ya National APPdice yayerekezera kuti mtengo wa ndalama zotetezera madzi osefukira ofunikira kutetezera zinthu zamakono n’ngokwera kwambiri kuposa ndalama zimene zilipo. Choncho, a Mayress ayenera kupanga zosankha zovuta kuti apange ntchito zimene zingagwirizanitse chuma cha anthu ochepa, omwe amatumikira bwino kwambiri.

Akuluakulu ophatikizidwa angawonjezere ndalama zothandizira kuwonjezera pa lamulo la meya, koma unyinji umene ungakwezedwe ndi kuwonjezereka kwa msonkho wa bungwe. Ozembawo amaopa kuwonjezera misonkho, makamaka m’madera amene ali ndi ndalama zochepa, kuwasiya iwo akudalira pa mapangano a boma apakati ndi njira za mpikisano. Kulephera kwa ndalama kumeneku kumalepheretsa kulinganiza maprogramu a zomangamanga ndi kusunga antchito aluso ofunika kwambiri popereka ntchito za chitetezero chocholoŵa m’madzi.

Zitsenderezo za Kupita Patsogolo kwa Matauni

UK ikuyang'anizana ndi kupereŵera kwakukulu kwa nyumba, ndi boma likuyang'anira kumangidwa kwa nyumba zatsopano 300,000 pachaka. Kukula kumeneku kumachitidwa m'madera a m’mizinda omwe alipo, kumene kuli kosoŵa ndipo malo ambiri obiriŵira ali m'madera a madzi osefukira. Mayer akulinganiza kufunika kwa kumanga nyumba zatsopano motsutsana ndi kufunika kwa kupeŵera ngozi ya madzi. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa madzi osefukira kungachepetse mphamvu ya chitukuko chatsopano, koma kokha ngati adapangidwa, kuikidwa, ndi kusungidwa ku muyezo wapamwamba. Kufufuza kwa pa Yunivesite ya ku England kwapeza kuti kumanga AsuDS kowonjezereka m'zochitika zatsopano kumasungidwa bwino kapena kwachotsedwa ndi eni ake, kufooketsa ntchito zawo.

Kukonzanso zinthu kochitidwa ndi boma lalikulu, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezereka kwa ufulu wopanga zinthu umene umalola kutembenuza maofesi kukafika ku malo ena popanda chilolezo chokwanira, kwachepetsa mphamvu ya meya kukhazikitsa malamulo a madzi pa zochitika zatsopano. Mameya aitana mphamvu zolimba kuti afune kuti SuDS ikhale m'zochitika zatsopano ndi kukhazikitsa mapangano osungitsa zinthu pa moyo wa ziwiya. Popanda mphamvu zimenezi, chitukuko cha kutukuka kwatsopano chidzapitirizabe kuwonjezera kukwera kwa madzi ndi kusefukira kwa ngozi m'kulanda matauni.

Kugaŵanika kwa Mabungwe ndi Kugwirizana

Oyang'anira madzi mu UK amaphatikizapo mabungwe osiyanasiyana amene ali ndi maudindo osiyanasiyana ndipo nthaŵi zina amatsutsana. Makampani a malo, makampani a madzi, mabungwe akwawo, mabodi a mkati, ndi Marine Management Organization onsewo ali ndi ntchito zoseŵera. Kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa matupi ameneŵa ndi chitokoso chosatha. Oyendetsa zinthu angagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zopinga kubweretsa oika pangozi pamodzi, koma alibe ulamuliro weniweni pa ambiri a opanga mafilimu ofunika. Mwachitsanzo, makampani a madzi, ndi aokhawo okha ndi olamulidwa ndi Avetwat, kutanthauza kuti malo a mabwana sangayendetse zigamu zawo za malonda.

Kugaŵanika kwa thayo kuli vuto makamaka ku madzi osefukira, limene ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa madzi osefukira m’madera a m’tauni. Makampani a madzi amagaŵikana, amene ali ndi pulogalamu ya madzi onyansa, ndi mabungwe a kumaloko, amene ali ndi thayo la kuyendetsa magalimoto a m’misewu. Pamene mvula ikusefukira, nthaŵi zambiri sizidziŵika bwino kuti ndi gulu liti limene likuchitapo kanthu. The Pitt Review, lomwe limachitika pambuyo pa kusefukira kwa madzi kwa chaka cha 2007 ku England, linalimbikitsa kuikidwa kwa ulamuliro umodzi wotsogolera woyendetsa madzi m’dera lililonse.

Malangizo Othandiza Kulimbikitsa Utsogoleri wa Mayo

Kudalira pa umboni wa zimene zimagwira ntchito ndi mavuto amene adakalipo, anthu ambiri angapereke malangizo olimbikitsa malamulo a meya pankhani yoyang’anira madzi m’mizinda ndiponso kuteteza madzi ku madzi osefukira.

Kulimbitsa Mphamvu ndi Chuma kwa Oimba

Boma lapakati liyenera kugamula za kuchotsa mphamvu zazikulu ndi chuma ku mameya a metro kuti ayang'anire madzi ndi kupirira. Izi zingaphatikizepo kulamulira mlingo wa ndalama za kutetezera kwa chigumula m'madera awo, kulola malo oyang'anira kulinganiza maprogramu a zoikizira kwanthaŵi yaitali. Maydjorw ayeneranso kupatsidwa mphamvu zolimbikitsira mphamvu zofunikira SuDS m'zochitika zatsopano ndi kutsimikizira kuti mapangano osungidwa akulemekezedwa pa nthaŵi yaitali. The Local Government Association yapempha kupenda bwino ndalama za boma za kukonzanso chigumula cha kumalowo, kuphatikizapo kukweza ndalama zoperekedwa kupyolera ndalama kupyolera m'malonda kapena zothandizira anthu.

Kulinganiza Madzi Apamwamba

Mays ayenera kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zawo zolinganiza bwino poganizira za kulinganiza madzi owonongeka posankha zinthu zonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafunika kupenda kuopsa kwa chigumula pa zochitika zonse zikuluzikulu, kukhazikitsa SuDS, ndi kutsimikizira kuti misewu ya madzi akumwa yakonzedwa kuti ikhale ndi malo a nyengo yamtsogolo. Njira za kukonza mapulaneti ziyenera kudziŵira malo oyenera kukonza ndi amene ayenera kukhalabe ngati thambo lobiriwira. The West Yorkshire Spatial Development Strategy, yomwe imaphatikizapo malamulo apadera okhudza kuyendetsa madzi ndi kukonzanso nyengo, imapereka chitsanzo chimene akatswiri ena onse angatsatire.

Muzikhala ndi Malo Opangira Zinthu

Umboni wochuluka umalimbikitsa kutsalira malonda a zomangamanga zobiriwira ndi zachilengedwe zothandizira kuyendetsa madzi a m’tauni. Mayang'amba ayenera kukhazikitsa malo osungirako malo obiriŵira, kuikidwa kwa matsindwi obiriŵira, ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa madzi achilengedwe m’madera a mizinda. Maprogramu opereka ndalama ayenera kukonza zinthu zimene zingapereke mapindu ambiri, kuphatikizapo kukonzanso madzi, kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, ndi kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Chiwembu cha Manchester City of Mis ndi Leeds Natural Manage Management chimasonyeza mmene utsogoleri wa a boma angagwiritsirire ntchito imeneyi.

Patsani Ubwenzi wa Anthu Onse ndi Kulimbikitsa M’chitaganya

Opanga mayesi ayenera kuphatikiza maprogramu a pangano la anthu onse amene amapanga kulimba kwa kusefukira. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo kuchirikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa magulu a nkhondo, kupereka ndalama zotetezera katundu wa mlingo wa madzi, ndi kuyendetsa ndawala za anthu ponena za kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kukonzekera. Maprogramu ogwirizana kwambiri amasamalira nzika za boma monga opirirana mmalo mwa olandira chitetezo. Kapplication Partnerars, imene imabweretsa pamodzi osungitsa maluso a kulinganiza a kuyang'anira madzi, kupereka chitsanzo chotsimikizirika chimene oyang’anira madzi angafutukule ndi kuchichirikiza.

Malangizo Amtsogolo: Kusintha Mogwirizana ndi Nyengo Yosatsimikizirika

Kuyang’ana kutsogolo, malamulo a meya a kuyendetsa madzi a m’mizinda ayenera kusintha kuti athe kulimbana ndi mavuto a nyengo yosintha mofulumira. Zaka khumi zikubwerazi zidzakhala zofunika kwambiri popanga zosankha zothandiza kuti zinthu zisinthe kapena kuti zikhale zovuta kuthana nazo.

Choyamba, mfundo yakuti njira zisinthika zidzakhala mbali yaikulu pokonzekera. M’malo mochita zinthu zogwirizana ndi nyengo yosadziwika bwino, mizinda ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosinthasinthasintha zinthu. Dongosolo la Thames Estuary 2100 limapereka njira yothandizira kuti zimenezi zitheke, komanso mfundo zothandizira kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyendera panyanja. Maya m’mizinda ina afunika kupanga mapulani ofanana ndi amenewa kuti agwirizane ndi zimene apeza.

Chachiwiri, kugwirizanitsa zipangizo zamakono ndi madzi kudzathamanga. Zipangizo zozindikira za njira zoyendera madzi, njira zenizeni zoyendera madzi, ndi njira zolosera zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito madeteshoni a nyengo zingathandize mizinda kuchitapo kanthu bwino kwambiri pa zochitika za mvula. Mayero ayenera kuchirikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipangizo zimenezi kudzera mwa akuluakulu awo ogwirizana ndipo amaonetsetsa kuti zimene zapangidwazo zigwirizanitsidwa poyera ndi makampani a zamwadzidzidzi, makampani a madzi, ndi mabungwe a kumaloko.

Chachitatu, kuti ndalama zothandizira kuti madzi athe kusefukira, pafunikira njira zatsopano. Polamulidwa ndi boma, meya afunikira kufufuza zinthu zina monga zomangira zobiriwira, zomangira, ndi zopereka kuchokera kwa anthu omanga nyumba amene amapindula ndi chitetezo choongoleredwa. Mfundo ya kulimba kwa nyumba, imene imagwirizanitsa mtengo wa nyumba ndi mphamvu ya chitetezero cha madzi pansi pa kupsinjika kwa nyengo, imapereka chitsanzo chosintha cha ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama zimene zikufunikira.

Ntchito ya utsogoleri wa m'tauni kuyang'anira madzi ndi kuteteza madzi a madzi m'mizinda n’zofunika kwambiri kuposa ndi kale lonse. Pamene kusintha kwa nyengo ikuwonjezeka ndi mizinda, zosankha zimene oyang'anira mizinda amapanga lero zidzatsimikizira ngati mizinda yawo ikukula kapena ikuyesetsa kulimba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi. Umboni wochokera ku London, Manchester, Leeds, ndi mizinda ina umasonyeza kuti kulimba, malamulo oikidwa bwino angachepetseko zinthu zofunika pamene akuwongolera malo okhala m’mizinda. Komabe, kudzipereka kopitirizabe, ndalama zokwanira, ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi mabungwe a m'dziko ndi anthu akumudzi ndi kumanga malo okhazikika, mizinda ya madzi, mizinda yosambira m’tsogolo.