Table of Contents

Kumvetsetsa Malamulo a Prezidenti a Chisankho ndi Kupereka Ufulu wa Kusankha mu Amereka

Kuzindikira malamulo okhudza chisankho cha pulezidenti ndi ufulu wosankha nkofunika kuti munthu atengemo mbali mwachipambano m’dongosolo la demokrase. Malamulo ameneŵa amasankha mmene mavoti amachitidwira, kuŵerengedwa, ndi kutetezeredwa, kutsimikizira kuimira kwachilungamo kwa osankhidwa onse oyenerera. Dongosolo la chisankho la ku Amereka limagwira ntchito kupyolera m’madongosolo ocholoŵana a malamulo a boma ndi malamulo amene asintha kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri, opangidwa ndi kusintha kwa malamulo, malamulo apadera, ndi zitokosokoso zopitirizabe za lamulo.

Kuyenera kwa kuvota kuli chimodzi cha zipilala zazikulu za demokrase ya Amereka, komabe kwakhala kukutsutsidwa, kufutukulidwa, ndi kuyeretsedwa m'mbiri yonse ya dziko. Kuchokera ku ziletso zoyambirira zimene zinaika kusankhira kwa amuna achiyera kukhala eni katundu kufikira ku kukula kwa pang’onopang’ono kwa akazi, atsamunda a fuko, ndi nzika zachichepere, ulendo wa ku zoyenera zosankha za dziko lonse ukusonyeza kumenyera nkhondo kosalekeza kukwaniritsa lonjezo la demokrase la kuimira kofanana.

Maziko a Malamulo a Mtsogoleri wa Malamulo

United States Constitution imakhazikitsa maziko a chisankho cha pulezidenti, ngakhale kuti imasiya tsatanetsatane wolunjika ku malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a boma otsatira. Mfundo II ya Koleji inapanga njira yapadera ya Electoral College, njira imene ikupitirizabe kukonza mmene anthu a ku America amasankhira prezidenti wawo. Mmalo mwa chisankho chotchuka, masankho a pulezidenti amachitidwa mwa dongosolo losadziŵika kumene osankha m'boma lililonse amasankha osankha amene kenaka anasankha mavoti alamulo a pulezidenti ndi pulezidenti wachiŵiri.

Electoral College ili ndi 538 osankha, boma lililonse litakhala ndi osankha angapo olingana ndi nthumwi zake zonse . Maboma aang'ono amakhudza kwambiri anthu pa dziko lililonse kuposa mayiko akuluakulu, mapulani olinganizidwa ndi osankhidwa kuti ayende bwino m’mayiko ambiri. Kuti apeze malo apamwamba ndi otsika, munthu ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti apeze ndalama zokwanira zovota anthu 270, kapena kuti apeze chivoti cha mayiko ambiri.

Kukonzanso malamulo kwawonjezera ndi kuteteza ufulu wovota. M'kupita kwa nthawi, Pempho la 15 , linavomerezedwa mu 1870, linaletsa kukana kuvota chifukwa cha fuko, mtundu, kapena mkhalidwe wa ukapolo wakale. Demendment ya 19te , yovomerezedwa mu 1920, yowonjezera ufulu wovotera akazi. Malamulo 20-Fourth Amendment, ovomerezedwa mu 1964, anachotsa misonkho ya kusanthula pa masankhoti. Mayezo 20-Sixth Amendment, adavomereza mu 1971, kuchepetsa kuvota kuyambira zaka 21 mpaka 18 zakubadwa. Kusintha kumeneku kumasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya demokrase.

Kubwereza kwa Malamulo a Chisankho

Malamulo a chisankho amalamulira njira za kuvota, kuvomerezedwa, ndi kutsimikizira zotsatirapo. Zimasiyana ndi boma koma n’zogwirizana ndi malamulo a boma omwe amalimbikitsa kuonekera ndi chilungamo. Boma la boma lakhazikitsa miyezo yogwirizana imene maboma onse ayenera kutsatira, pamene maboma ali ndi ulamuliro waukulu wopereka masankho ndi kukhazikitsa zofunika zina m’malamulo.

Federal Ecommust Commission (FEC) imatumikira monga bungwe lodziimira lokha lokhala ndi thayo la kuyang'anira ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo la boma la ndawala ya zachuma. Linakhazikitsidwa mu 1975, FEC imayang'anira kuulutsidwa kwa chidziŵitso cha ndawala, imakhazikitsa malire a zopereka ndi ziletso, ndipo imayang'anira programu yapoyera ya ndalama za mpikisano wa pulezidenti. Bungwelo limachita mbali yofunika kwambiri posunga kuwonekera bwino ndi kuŵerengera mlandu mchitidwe wa kusanthula, ngakhale kuti kupambana kwake kwakhala kochitidwa ndi mkangano wopitirizabe.

Lamulo la masankho la Federal limakhazikitsanso malamulo ofunika a nthaŵi ndi njira za chisankho cha pulezidenti. Lamulo la Federal limakhazikitsa Lachiŵiri loyamba pambuyo pa Lolemba loyamba mu November monga Tsiku la Chisankho la maofesi a boma, lomwe limachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse pa chisankho cha pulezidenti. Electoral College ikumana pakati pa December kuti ipange mavoti awo alamulo, ndipo Congress imachititsa mavoti ameneŵa kumayambiriro kwa January. Kupatulidwa kwa pulezidenti kumachitika pa January 20 pambuyo pa chisankhoti, monga momwe inalozeredwa ndi Demendement ya Twentie.

Kusankha Zoyenera ndi Zofunika Zosafunika

Kupereka zoyenera kutsimikizira kuti nzika zoyenerera zikhoza kutengamo mbali m'masankho popanda zopinga zosayenera. Ovota ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi msinkhu, malo okhala, ndi zifuno za unzika. Malamulo ena amasamaliranso nkhani zonga ngati mavoti ndi njira zolembetsera. Kumvetsetsa ziyeneretso zimenezi nkofunika kwa ovota aŵiriwo kufunafuna zoyenera zawo ndi oyang'anira masankho oyesayesa kutheketsa kutengamo mbali pamene akusungabe umphumphu wa chisankho.

Njira Yofunika Yodzionera

Kuti avote m'masankho a pulezidenti, anthu ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zazikulu zingapo. Choyamba, ovota ayenera kukhala nzika za United States, kaya mwa kubadwa kapena mwa kubadwa. Chachiŵiri, ovota ayenera kukhala ndi zaka zosachepera 18 pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Chachitatu, ovota ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika za boma lawo, zimene kwenikweni zimaphatikizapo kukhala m'dzikolo kwa nyengo yotchulidwa chisankhocho, ngakhale kuti zofunika zimenezi zimasiyana kwambiri m'mayiko ena.

Maboma ambiri amafunanso ovota asanalembetse Tsiku la Chisankho, ngakhale kuti masiku ndi njira zolowera zimasiyana. Mayiko ena amapereka kulembetsa kwa tsiku limodzi, kulola nzika zoyenerera kulembetsa ndi kuvota pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Maboma ena amafuna kuti pakhale milungu yolembetsa pasadakhale chisankho. Maboma ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezera kampani yovomerezera anthu, zimene zimavomereza kuti anthu azikhala oyenerera akamachita zinthu ndi mabungwe a boma monga Dipatimenti ya Motor Vehicles, pokhapokha ngati asankha.

Malamulo Ofotokoza Zinthu

Ziyeneretso za chisankho zimaimira imodzi ya mbali za malamulo a chisankho. Maboma atengera njira zosiyanasiyana kwambiri za kusankha, kuyambira pa zofunika za Otiti mpaka kusoŵa lamulo la Oti. Ochirikiza malamulo a ovota motsimikiza amatsutsa kuti amaletsa chinyengo ndi kukulitsa chidaliro cha anthu m'masankho. Otsutsa amanena kuti malamulo otero amalemetsa osankhidwa ochepa, nzika zachikulire, anthu otsika ofika, ndi magulu ena osayenerera kukhala ndi chisonyezero cha boma.

Maboma a ID afuna ovota kupereka chizindikiritso cha boma cholunjikitsidwa ndi zithunzi, monga laisensi ya dalaivala kapena pasipoti, kuponya pepala lovomerezeka. ID ya vidiyo yosatsatsa malonda ya foni imapereka chithunzithunzi koma lola ovota popanda io kuponya pepala losankhira njira zina, monga kusaina affidavit. Maboma ena amafuna kuti asapereke chilolezo chodziŵikitsira, monga ngati chilolezo cha kampani kapena mawu a banki osonyeza dzina la wovota ndi a keyala. Mayi ena amagwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka, monga kusaina kapena kunena zaumwini zimene zikugwirizana ndi ndandanda ya odzilembetsa.

Kugwiritsidwa Mwala ndi Kubwezeretsa Ufulu

United States imangokhala pakati pa maiko a demokalase poletsa ufulu wosankha anthu amene ali ndi zikhululukiro za milandu. Pafupifupi 5.2 miliyoni a ku Amereka amachotsedwa chifukwa cha zikhululukiro za mlandu, ngakhale kuti malamulo a boma amasiyana kwambiri. Mayiko ena amabwezeretsa ufulu wosankha mwamsanga atamasulidwa kundende, pamene ena amaika malire a kuyembekezera kapena kumaliza kuikidwa pandunji. Maboma angapo amachotsa anthu okhala ndi zikhululukiro zina popanda kulandira chikhululukiro cha boma kapena kubwezeredwa ufulu wawo aliyense payekha mwa njira ya pempho.

Maboma awiri, Maine ndi Vermont, amalola anthu kuvota ngakhale ali m’ndende. Mayiko ambiri amabwezeretsa ufulu wovota akamasulidwa kundende kapena akamaliza kuchotsedwa. Mayiko ena amafuna njira zina, monga kulipira ndalama zonse ndi ndalama zolipirira kapena kudikira kwa nyengo yodziwika. Kuvuta kwa malamulo amenewa kumatanthauza kuti osankhidwa ambiri oyenerera okhala ndi zikhulupiriro zakale sakudziwa kuti ufulu wawo wosankha wabwezeretsedwa.

Malamulo Opereka Ufulu Waukulu wa Dziko

Malamulo akuluakulu angapo asintha zinthu pa nkhani ya ufulu wosankha mavoti ndi masankho ku United States.

Chikalata Chovomereza Ufulu wa Anthu cha 1965

Chikalata cha Voing Rights Act cha 1965 chili chimodzi cha mbali zazikulu za lamulo la ufulu wachibadwidwe m'mbiri ya Amereka. Chidachitidwa m'nthaŵi ya ukulu wa bungwe la ufulu wachibadwidwe, lamulo lokhala ndi cholinga cha kugonjetsa ziletso zalamulo pa boma ndi m'malo a dziko limene linaletsa Aafirika kugwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo kuvota monga momwe anatsimikizidwira ndi Lamulo la 15 Demendment. Lamulolo linaletsa tsankho la fuko m'masankhoti ndipo linapereka ulamuliro wa boma wa masankho m'malamulo a kuyang'anira maulamuliro a kusankhana ndi kutsatsa tsankhulo.

Chikalata champhamvu kwambiri cha Loting Rights Act chinali Chigawo 5, chomwe chinafuna kuti mayiko ena ndi malo ena akhazikitse kaye malamulo awo ovota asanagwiritse ntchito masinthidwe alionse. Chifuniro chimenechi chapasadakhale chinaletsa kusintha kwa kuvota kusanachitidwe, mmalo mwa kufuna kuti pakhale kuvomereza kwa nthaŵi yaitali pambuyo pa mfundozo. Kachitidwe ka m'chigawo 4(b) kanagamula kuti ndi maulamuliro ati amene anali oyenera kutsegulidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mayeso a discrinivation ofufuza ndi kulembetsa kopeka kopeta kapena kutumiza kwa ovota kapena kutsa kwachidule kwa ovota mu 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa 1970.

Mu 2013, chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu ku Shelby County v. Khoti la Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu linasintha kwambiri lamulo losungitsa ufulu wa anthu. Khoti linaletsa lamulo lokhudza anthu 4 (b), kuchotsa lamulo loyambirira chifukwa chakuti palibe malamulo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. Khoti linanena kuti lamuloli linachokera pa mfundo zakale ndipo linaphwanya malamulo a boma lofanana.

Chigawo 2 cha bungwe la Voing Rights Act chikugwirabe ntchito ndipo chikupitirizabe kupereka chitetezo chofunika kwambiri pa kusankhana. Makonzedwe ameneŵa amaletsa njira iliyonse yosankha kapena njira imene imasankha anthu pamaziko a fuko, mtundu, kapena kukhala m'gulu la chinenero cha anthu ochepa. Mosiyana ndi Chigawo 5, Chigawo 2 chimagwira ntchito m’dziko lonselo ndipo chilolezo chimakhala chokhudzana ndi kutsegulidwa kwa anthu pambuyo pochita ntchito yosankha. Komabe, Chigawo 2 chimaletsa nthaŵi yambiri ndi kukwera mtengo kuposa njira yapasadakhaleko, ndipo machitachita a dala lapabulini ingapitirizebe ntchito ya khoti lalitali.

Lamulo la Kulembetsa la National Voter la 1993

National Voter Bribatorial Act ya 1993, yodziŵika kwambiri monga "Mboni Voter Act," imatheketsa wovota kupyolera m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuwonjezera kutengamo mbali m'masankho a boma. Lamulo limafuna kuti boma lipereke mavoti a kulembetsa pamene anthu afunsira kapena kukonzanso laisensi ya dalaivala, chifukwa chake dzina la maina ake. Lamulolo limafunanso kuti boma lilole kulembetsa mwa kulemba makalata ndi kulembetsa makampani osankhidwa a boma ndi mamaofesi otumikira anthu opumira.

Malamulo amenewa anawonjezera kwambiri njira yolembera anthu ovota powagwirizanitsa ndi makampani a boma. M’malo mofuna kuti anthu apite kukavota, bungwe la Motor Voter Act linapereka mautumiki olembetsa ku malo amene anthu ayamba kale kuyendera pazifukwa zina. Lamuloli linakhazikitsanso chitetezo chofunika kwa ovota ovomerezeka, kuphatikizapo malamulo oyenera kuti asunge ndandanda yovomerezeka ndi malamulo oletsa kuchotsa ovota m’mapepala.

National Voter Briebration Act imaphatikizapo makonzedwe apadera olamulira pamene ndi mmene maboma angachotsere ovota pa ndandanda ya kulembetsa. Mayiko ayenera kukonza nthaŵi zonse mipukutu ya ovota kuti achotse anthu amene anafa, kusamutsidwa, kapena kukhala osayenerera kuvota. Komabe, Lamulolo limaletsa maprogramu olinganiza mkati mwa masiku 90 a chisankho cha boma kuletsa ovota oyenerera kuchotsedwa molakwa pafupi kwambiri ndi Tsiku la Chisankho. United States ayeneranso kupereka chidziŵitso ndi mpata wakuwongolera zolakwa zirizonse asanachotse ovota pa ndandandayo.

Chithandizo cha America Chipereka Ntchito ya 2002

Buku la Help America Vote Act la 2002 (HARVA) limasintha njira zovota ndi kuwongolera masankho poyankha mavuto amene anaonekera pa chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 2000. Florida tchuni chotsutsana chinatchulapo kupereŵera kwakukulu m'zopanga mavoti, mavoti, ndi njira zolowera. HAVA inakambirana nkhani zimenezi mwa kukhazikitsa malamulo ochepa a masankhoti, kupereka ndalama zothandizira kulowa mmalo ziwitso za masankhoti, ndi kupanga bungwe la Ecomfation Conviciation Commission.

HAVA anafuna kuti mayiko alowe mmalo mwa makina ovota ndi opotera a nkhonya, amene adatsimikizira kukhala vuto mu 2000, ndi njira zamakono ndi zodalirika. Act imapereka mabiliyoni a madola m'zopereka za boma kuthandiza maboma kugula zipangizo zatsopano zovotera ndi kuwongolera dongosolo la masankho. Maboma anafunikira kukhazikitsa zolembera za ovota a boma a mu kompyuta kuti awongoletse kulondola ndi kuletsa kulembetsa kobwereza. Lamulolo linalamulanso kuvomereza, kulola anthu amene kuvomereza kwawo kumafunsidwa kuti aŵerengetse chisankho cha osankhidwa ngati pambuyo pake atsimikiza kuti apeze ndalama.

Evolution Application Commission (EAC), yopangidwa ndi HAVA, imatumikira monga nyumba yochotseramo anthu kaamba ka chidziŵitso cha masankho. EAC imayambitsa zitsogozo za dongosolo la kuvota modzifunira, mayeso ndi kuchititsa ziwiya zovota, imachititsa kufufuza pankhani za masankho, ndipo imapatsa chitsogozo kwa boma ndi akuluakulu a masankhoti. Pamene kuli kwakuti miyezo ya EAC ndi yodzifunira osati yolamulidwa, iwo asonkhezera kwambiri kukula ndi kutengera luso la kuvota m'dziko lonse.

Malamulo a Mtundu Wadziko ndi Kusiyana kwa Malamulo

Pamene kuli kwakuti lamulo la boma limakhazikitsa ziyeneretso ndi zitetezero, maboma amasunga ulamuliro wokulira pa kuyang'anira chisankho. Malamulo a boma ameneŵa amatulukapo kusiyana kwakukulu m'masankho, zofunikira, ndi kulowa m'maiko makumi asanu. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwa chigawo cha boma kumeneku nkofunika kwambiri kwa osankha, ofuna kubatizidwa, ndi aliyense wofuna kuzindikira dongosolo la voti la ku Amereka.

Zolemba Zolembedwa ndi Malamulo Olembedwa

Maboma oposa 20 ndi chigawo cha Columbia tsopano zikupereka kulembetsa tsiku limodzi, ndipo zilolezozo zimapangitsa nzika zoyenerera kulembetsa ndi kuvota patsiku lomwelo, kaya panthaŵi yosankha kapena pa Tsiku la Chisankho. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti osankha tsiku lomwelo amawonjezereka, makamaka achinyamata, anthu opeza ndalama zochepa, ndiponso amene asamukira kumene.

Maboma ena amafunikira kulembetsa ndi nthaŵi ya Tsiku la Chisankho, makamaka patatsala masiku 15 mpaka 30 kuti alembetsetu. Mayeso ameneŵa a cholinga cha kupatsa akuluakulu a chisankho nthaŵi yolembetsa, kukonzanso mapepala ovota, ndi kukonza mabuku olondola ofufuza. Komabe, otsutsa amanena kuti nthaŵi zoikidwiratu zoterozo zimapanga zopinga zosafunikira kuti munthu aloŵemo, makamaka kwa anthu amene achita chidwi ndi masankhoti apafupi ndi Tsiku la Commotion kapena amene amaphonya malire a moyo wawo.

Maboma ambiri ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovomerezeka zovomerezeka ndi ovota (AVR), zimene zimalembetsa anthu oyenerera akamachita zinthu ndi mabungwe a boma pokhapokha atasankha. Oregon anakhala boma loyamba kutengera AVR mu 2015, ndipo mayiko ena ambiri atsatira. Kulembetsa kodzifunira kwathandiza kwambiri powonjezera mapepala ovomerezeka ndi kutsimikizira kuti chidziŵitso cha kulembetsa chikupitirizabe pamene anthu akusintha kapena kusintha mayina awo.

Njira Zoyamba Zothandiza Kutulutsa Chithokomiro ndi Zolaula

Mayiko amasiyana kwambiri m'makonzedwe awo a kuvota koyamba ndi kulephera kuvota. Kuvota koyamba kumalola ovota olembetsedwa kuponya mavoti pamaso pawo Tsiku la Chisankho, makamaka pamalo osankhidwa panthaŵi yoikika. Maboma oposa 40 amapereka mtundu wina wa kuvota koyamba, ngakhale kuti utali wa nyengo yoyambirira ya kuvota ndi kupezeka kwa malo ochitira voti koyamba n’zosiyana kwambiri. Maboma ena amapereka milungu ingapo ya kuvota ndi malo ambiri oyenerera, pamene kuli kwakuti ena amapereka masiku angapo okha pamalo ovuta.

Bootee , yotchedwanso kuvota kapena kuvota papositi, imalola ovota kulandira ndi kutumiza mavoti kupyolera mwa makalata mmalo mwa kuvota. Maboma ena amaloŵa m'magulu angapo ponena za kuphonya kwa opatulidwa. Mayiko ena amapanga masankho onse ndi makalata, kutumiza okha osankha onse olembetsedwa. Maboma ena amalola wovota aliyense kupempha wochotsedwayo wobwana popanda kupereka chifukwa, dongosolo nthaŵi zina lotchedwa "no - authoce" kuvota kwa ochotsedwa. Mayiko ena amafunanso kuti avoti apereke chodzikhululukira choyenerera, monga ngati kukhala kunja kwa tauni pa Tsiku la Comtion, wokhala ndi chilema, kapena kukhala woposa msinkhu wina, kuvota.

Mliri wa Covid-19 unawonjezera kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa kuvota kwa maposi, monga momwe maboma anafunira kupereka njira zovotera zodalirika panthaŵi ya mavuto aumoyo wa anthu. Mayiko ambiri anawonjezera kwa kanthaŵi kapena kwamuyaya kupezeka kwa olephera kulowa m'mapepala, ndipo kuvota kwa makalata kunakula kwambiri pa masankho a pulezidenti 2020. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kunayambitsa mkangano waukulu wa ndale za chitetezo ndi kukhulupirika posankha makalata, ngakhale kuti kufufuza kwakukulu kukusonyeza kuti chinyengo cha wovota chidakali chosoŵabe kwambiri mosasamala kanthu za njira yopangira chisankhoti.

Kupezeka kwa Ballot ndi Madongosolo Osankha Oyambirira

Maboma amakhazikitsa malamulo awoawo kaamba ka mmene oyembekezera kuyenerera kaamba ka makampani a pulezidenti ndi mmene zipani za ndale zadziko zimasankhira ma anduna awo. Chisankho chachikulu ndi masulo a kasupe zimachitika pa madeti osiyanasiyana m'maiko onse, kuyambitsa njira yapadera yodziŵira mpikisano wa pulezidenti wa ku America. Maboma amasankha kaya kuchita masankho aakulu kapena ma coucules, ndipo amasankha kaya mipikisano imeneyi ili yotsegulidwa kwa osankha onse kapena olembetsa mamembala a chipani cholembetsa.

Otsegulira alola wovota aliyense wovomerezeka kutengamo mbali m'chigawo chimodzi, ngakhale kuti ovota angavote m'chigawo chachikulu chimodzi pa chisankho. Otsekera atsekera kuti ovota alembetse olembetsedwa ndi gululo. Otsendereza atsenderezedwa kapena a projekiti otsegulidwa pang'ono amagwera pakati pa, kaŵirikaŵiri amalola ovota osagwirizana kukhala ndi mbali ina. Maboma oŵerengeka amagwiritsira ntchito madongosolo aakulu apamwamba-ŵiri kapena anayi, kumene ofunsira onse amawonekera pa gulu limodzi lalikulu la ovota ndi mavoti asanafike pa chisankho chapamwamba ku chisankho cha anthu onse.

Pa chisankho cha onse, oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti ayenera kuyenerera kaamba ka pepala la ofunsira m'boma lirilonse, kaŵirikaŵiri mwa kupereka mapempho ndi chiŵerengero chofunikira cha zikalata kapena mwa kuikidwa ndi chipani cha ndale zadziko choyenerera. Ofuna kusankhidwa ambiri amayang'anizana ndi zopinga zochepa za kuloŵa m'gulu la ofunsira, koma oyembekezera kukhala achigawo chachitatu ndi odziimira paokha kaŵirikaŵiri amayesayesa kukwaniritsa zofunika za boma zosiyanasiyana. Malamulo ameneŵa oloŵa a ku America amasonkhezera kwambiri dongosolo la magawo aŵiri mwa kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kwa opikisana ena kukhala opambana bwino.

Kampeni ya Ndalama ndi Chisankho cha Pulezidenti

Malamulo a zachuma a zamalonda amalamulira mmene oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti amakwezera ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama, cholinga cha kuletsa ziphuphu ndi kuchirikiza kuwonekera kwinaku akulemekeza zoyenera za First Amendment. Ndalama za malamulo za ndawala za boma zasintha kwambiri m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zopangidwa ndi malamulo a bungwe, malamulo a Federal Ecomment Commission, ndi zigamulo za Khoti Lapamwamba zimene zasintha kwambiri kagwiridwe ka zinthu m’ndale.

Zofunika za Kupereka Ndiponso Zofuna za Kuthandiza

Malamulo a boma amakhazikitsa malire pa ukulu wa anthu ndi magulu amene angapereke mwachindunji kwa oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti ndi zipani za ndale zadziko. Opereka mmodzi ndi mmodzi angapereke $3,300 pa chisankho kwa pulezidenti (nga mu 2024, ndi malire osinthidwira pa nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kaamba ka kukwera kwa mitengo), ndi masankho aakulu ndi a anthu onse oŵerengedwa osiyana. Anthu angaperekenso unyinji wochepa ku makomiti a ndale zadziko ndi makomiti a zigamu za ndale zadziko (PAC).

Mabungwe a antchito amaletsedwa kupereka mwachindunji ndalama kwa oyembekezera kulowa m'dziko, ngakhale kuti angakhazikitse ndalama zogaŵana pakati pa anthu audindo (PAC) zimene zimapempha zopereka zaufulu kwa antchito kapena ziŵalo. Ma PAC ameneŵa kenaka angapereke ndalama kwa oyembekezera pa malire okhazikitsidwa. Makampani a Federal amaletsedwanso kupereka zopereka kwa ofunsira, zipani, kapena ma PCs.

Ziyeneretso za kutetezera zija zinalamula kuti mkupiti wa pulezidenti upereke lipoti latsatanetsatane la kutumiza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo ku Federal Ecomment Commission . Kampanizi nthaŵi zonse ziyenera kutchula malipo opereka ndalama zoposa $200, kuphatikizapo maina awo, maadiresi, ntchito, ndi mabwana awo. Chidziŵitso chimenechi chimaperekedwa poyera, kulola atolankhani, ofufuza, ndi nzika kulondola kumene kukhoza kubweretsa ndalama za projekiti ndi kudziŵira mikangano yachikondwerero.

Mapale Otchuka ndi Zofufuzira

Chigamulo cha Khoti Lapamwamba la 2010 mu Citizens United v. Federal Envotion Commission inasintha kwambiri lamulo la zachuma mwa kunena kuti boma silingaletse ndalama zandale zaumwini zowonongedwa ndi makampani, mabungwe a antchito, ndi mabungwe ena. Chigamulo chimenechi chinayambitsa makomiti aakulu kwambiri a PCs . Opanda ndalama zimene angagwiritse ntchito, makampani, ndi maukwati kugwiritsa ntchito pa ndale zadziko, malinga ngati sagwirizana ndi anthu kapena zipani.

Ma PAC atchuka kwambiri m'masankho a pulezidenti, kaŵirikaŵiri akuwononga mamiliyoni mazana a madola pa kusatsa malonda ndi kugulitsa zinthu zina. Pamene kuli kwakuti ma PAC apamwamba sangapereke mwachindunji kwa oyembekezera ndipo amaletsedwa mwalamulo kugwirizanitsa ndi ndawala, otsutsa amanena kuti kusiyana pakati pa ndalama zowonongedwa paokha ndi zochita zogwirizana kwakhala kobisika. Ochirikiza atsutsa kuti PCs yaikulu imakulitsa kulankhula kwandale ndi kulola kuti anthu ayambe kutsutsana kwambiri pankhani za ofunsira ndi nkhani.

Magulu a ndalama zakuda . Magulu a mdima olinganizidwa monga 501(c) mabungwe a zaumoyo wa anthu kapena 501 (c) (6) mabungwe a zamalonda angawonongenso ndalama pa zandale zadziko popanda kuulula opereka. Mosiyana ndi ma shed PC, amene ayenera kuvumbula zopereka zawo, mabungwe osapanga phindu ameneŵa angabise operekawo pamene akuwononga ndalama popereka ndalama zothandizira kukonza za makampani ndipo, m’zochitika zina, amalongosola za kufunsira kapena kutsutsa kwa ofunsira. Ntchito ya ndalama zakuda kwa masankho adzudzutsa adzutsa nkhaŵa zazikulu ponena za kuwonekera ndi kuyankha mlandu m'kachitidwe wa ndale zadziko.

Ntchito ya Pulezidenti Yochita Pangano

Pulezidential Public Funding Program, yokhazikitsidwa mu 1970 pambuyo pa mbiri yoipa ya Watergate, imapereka ndalama za boma zoyeneretsa oyembekezera kukhala prezidenti amene amavomereza kuchepetsa ndalama zawo ndi kutsata zofunika zina. Programuyo imaphatikizapo ndalama zofanana za oyembekezera kukwera madesiki a dzuŵa amene amakweza zopereka zochepera zokwanira ndi kukwaniritsa ziyeneretso zina, limodzinso ndi kupereka ndalama kwa akuluakulu a gulu la osankhidwa.

Komabe, njira yopezera ndalama za anthu yakhala yosathandiza kwambiri m'masankho aposachedwapa. Kuwononga ndalama zimene anthu amalandira ndalama za boma kwatsika kwambiri poyerekezera ndi ndalama zimene opikisana angapeze mwachinsinsi. Chiyambire 2008, akuluakulu a gulu la anthu asiya kupereka ndalama za boma pa chisankho, m’malo mwake akusankha kukweza ndalama zachinsinsi zopanda malire. Kuchepa kwa dongosololi kwachititsa kuti pakhale kusintha kuti pakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera ndalama zimene anthu angagwiritse ntchito pothandiza anthu odzipereka ku makampani aakulu.

Kusankha Anthu Moyenera Ndiponso Mokhulupirika

Kutsimikizira chisungiko ndi umphumphu wa masankho a pulezidenti kwakhala nkhaŵa yaikulu m’zaka zaposachedwapa. Chisungiko cha chisankho chimaphatikizapo kutetezeredwa ku kuloŵerera kwa maiko akunja, kutetezeredwa kwa njira zovota ndi zitsekerero, kuletsa chinyengo cha wovota, ndi kusungidwa kwa anthu pa zigamulo za masankho. Kumvetsetsa njira zimene zilipo kuti zitetezere masankho, limodzinso ndi mavuto amene akupitirizabe, nkofunika kuti anthu athe kutengamo mbali.

Kuyenda Bwino kwa Dongosolo ndi Luso Lamakono

Madongosolo ovota amakono amagwiritsira ntchito maluso osiyanasiyana, limodzi ndi limodzi lokhala ndi zizindikiro za chisungiko. Madongosolo apepala, kuphatikizapo ziŵiya zosindikiza mapepala ndi zosindikiza zopanga mapepala zopanga mapepala, amapereka cholembera chakuthupi chimene chingapendedwe ndi kusimbidwa ngati kuli kofunika. Makina osankhidwa popanda mapepala akhala osavomerezedwa chifukwa cha nkhaŵa zawo za kulephera kwawo kuphwanya ndi kusatheka kwa mapikicali atanthauzo popanda zolembedwa.

Akatswiri a zachitetezo amavomereza mwamphamvu kuti njira zonse zovota zitulutse njira yovomerezeka ya voti imene ingagwiritsiridwe ntchito kupenda zotsatira za chisankho. Mapilo a kusanthula a Post , makamaka mapikica aupandu amene amagwiritsira ntchito njira za masamu kutsimikizira zotsatirapo, imapereka umboni wofunika wakuti voti ya magetsi imatsimikizira cholinga cha wovota. Maboma ambiri ayamba kufuna njira zopimira pepala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopimira, ngakhale kuti mipata yaikulu idakali m'zigawo zina.

Chikalata cha kusankhidwa kwa masankho chimakula kuposa makina ovota kuti aphatikizepo ma datailo olembetsera kulembetsa, makampani a mavoti osimba usiku, ndi makampani amene amagwirizanitsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za dongosolo la masankho. Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security yomwe ikufuna kuti zikhale maziko ovuta kwambiri mu 2017, kutheketsa kuchirikiza boma ndi akuluakulu a masankhothi. Kuchirikiza kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kuwopseza anthu, kupenda kwa pa Intaneti, ndi chithandizo cha makompyuta kuti apeze chitetezo.

Kuchinjiriza ndi Kupeza Chinyengo cha Mafuta

Kuphana kwa Voter . Kuponya mavoti mopanda lamulo kwa ovota osaŵerengeka kapena kuponya mavoti ambiri kwa wovota mmodzi . Kufufuza kwakukulu ndi kufufuza kwapeza kuti kugamula kwa voti kumachitika pamlingo wosayerekezereka, wotsika kwambiri kukhoza kuyambukira zigamulo za chisankho. Kusintha kwa chinyengo kwa ovota kumasonyeza zonse ziŵiri mphamvu ya chitetezo chimene chilipo ndi kusagwira ntchito kwachibadwa kwa kuchita chinyengo pamlingo umene ukayambukiridwa.

Malo ambiri otetezera ofufuza otetezeredwa ku chinyengo. Madongosolo olembetsa amatsimikizira kukhala oyenerera asanawonjezere anthu pa mipukutu. Antchito ofufuza amafufuza chivoti kapena kutsimikizira chidziŵitso cha wovota pamalo ofufuza. Njira za kusatsa malonda zimapenda kusaina kwa kusaina kwa olemba. Malo olembetsa a boma a chigawo chonse amathandizira kuletsa kulembetsa kobwerezabwereza ku mbali zonse. Zilango zaupandu za kugawana mavoti, kuphatikizapo kumangidwa ndi kulipira ndalama, kukhazikitsa zitseko zolimba.

Pamene kuli kwakuti chinyengo cha wovota nchachilendo, kuloŵerera kwa masankho kwa akuluakulu kapena ena m'malo audindo kumadetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri. Kubera kwa chisankho kungatenge mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupotoza mavoti, kuwonongedwa kwa ovota, kapena kuloŵerera ndi kulembetsa. Kuteteza pa kuphwanya masankho kumaphatikizapo njira za kusunga ana za oweruza, ziboliti kapena mabutani opanga masankhoti, kuyang'aniridwa ndi ofufuza ndi ofufuza mavoti, ndi kupenda mavoti a osankhidwa kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zake.

Kugwirizana ndi Kusamvana kwa Mayiko

Kulowerera kwa mayiko ena pa masankho kunachitika monga chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu pambuyo pa zoyesayesa za Russia zosonkhezera chisankho cha pulezidenti mu 2016. Kusokoneza kumeneku kunaphatikizapo kuukira kwa pa Intaneti mabungwe andale, kuyesa kusokoneza zigwirizano za masankho, ndi makampani otsatsa malonda apamwamba a makampani oulutsira nkhani za anthu. Otsatira a masankho apitirizabe kuyesayesa kwa adani achilendo kusokoneza demokrase ya America mwa njira zosiyanasiyana.

Kuteteza anthu a mitundu ina kumafuna njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuthandiza kwa makampani a zauchigawenga kumatetezanso mabungwe a zandale kuti asasokoneze ntchito za masankho. Mabungwe a zauchigawenga amayang'anira ntchito za mayiko ena ndipo amauzana nkhani zoopseza akuluakulu a masankho ndi masewera. Mabungwe a zaumoyo ayamba kupanga malamulo odziŵira ndi kuchotsa zisonkhezero za mayiko ena, ngakhale kuti ntchito za kuyesayesa kwa kayendetsedwe ka maphunziro a boma zikutsutsana. Makampani a zamaphunziro a boma akuyesetsa kuthandiza ofufuza kuzindikira ndi kutsutsa mfundo zotsutsa.

Kufalikira kwa masankho, kaya achilendo kapena a m'banja, kumayambitsa mavuto aakulu pa kusankhidwa. Zonena zabodza zokhudza njira zovota, zotsatira za masankho, kapena kusankhidwa zingafooketse chidaliro cha anthu pa masankho ndi kutsendereza wovota. Kulimbana ndi ufulu wa kulankhula kumafuna kulinganiza ndi kuphatikizapo zoyesayesa za boma, mabungwe a za manyuzipepala, mabungwe a nkhani, ndi magulu a anthu.

Kupezeka ndi Kupezeka kwa Malo Opangira Malo Opumira

Lamulo la Federal likufuna kuti osankha okhala ndi zopunduka afikire, kutsimikizira kuti nzika zonse zoyenerera zingagwiritsire ntchito kuyenera kwawo kwa kuvota pazokha. A America Okhala ndi Chilema (ADA) ndi Help America Vote Act amakhazikitsa zitetezero ndi ziyeneretso zofunika kwambiri kuti avote okhoza kupezeka, ngakhale kuti kukwaniritsa ndi kutsata kumakhalabe zovuta zosatha.

HAVA imafunikira kuti malo alionse oonera akhale ndi njira imodzi yovotera imene ili yofikirika kwa ovota okhala ndi zopunduka, kuphatikizapo aja osakhoza kuona, ndi amene amapereka mwaŵi wofananawo wa kupezeka ndi kukhala ndi phande, kuphatikizapo kukhala kwaumwini ndi kudziimira, kumene ovota ena amalandira. Madongosolo ovotera ofikirika kwenikweni amaphatikizapo zinthu monga zolembera zomvetsera, zolamulira, utali woyenerera ndi kupendeka, ndi kuyenderana ndi zipangizo zothandizira.

Malo oonerapo amafunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito ADA. Malo opangira mayeso ayenera kukhala osavuta kwa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito njinga za opuwala kapena zipangizo zina zoyendera, zokhala ndi zinthu monga kuima kwa anthu, mageti, zitseko zokulira bwino kuti ayendetse njinga za olumala, ndi malo opangira mavoti pamalo oyenera. Akuluakulu a bungweli ayenera kuyang'anira malo oonera kuti apeze malo oyenera kupezeka ndi kupanga masinthidwe kapena malo osapezeka.

Opanga makampani okhala ndi ulema alinso ndi kuyenera kwa kulandira chithandizo m'kusankha ngati kuli kofunika. Opanga mavoti angabweretse munthu wina wa chosankha chawo kuwathandiza kuvota, kapena angapemphe thandizo kwa antchito opanga mavoti. Maboma ena amapereka malo owonjezereka, monga ngati kuvota kwa ovota amene sangaloŵe malo oonera, kapena njira zosankhira zapadera zokasankhira olephera kuvota ndi kulumala.

Kuthandiza Chinenero ndi Kufalitsa Ufulu Waukulu wa Zinenero

Voing Rights Act imaphatikizapo makonzedwe ofunika kwambiri otetezera kulowa kwa nzika za zinenero zaing'ono. Chigawo 203 chimafuna maulamuliro ena kupereka ziŵiya za chisankho ndi chithandizo m'zinenero zina kusiyapo Chingelezi pamene kagulu ka anthu ochepa kakumana ndi anthu ena ndi zipata za Chingelezi. Ziyeneretso zimenezi zimatsimikizira kuti nzika zaluso la Angelezi zochepa zikhoza kutengamo mbali mogwira mtima mchitidwe wa kusankha.

Malo a boma ayenera kupereka ziŵiya zolembetsera, mavoti, malangizo ovota, ndi chidziŵitso china cha masankho m’chinenero cha anthu ochepa. Ayeneranso kupereka chithandizo cha pakamwa, kuphatikizapo antchito opanga mavoti a zinenero ziŵiri kapena omasulira, kuthandiza ovota kumvetsa ndi kumaliza ntchito yovota. Zinenero zambiri zimaphatikizapo Chispanya, Chitchaina, Chivietname, Chikorea, ndi zinenero zosiyanasiyana za Eni America, zikudalira pa madera osiyanasiyana.

Ziyeneretso za zinenero zazikidwa pa chidziŵitso cha Census ndipo zimakonzedwanso nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Malo amaphatikizidwa ngati oposa 10,000 kapena kuposa 5 peresenti ya nzika za anthu osankha ali ziŵalo za gulu la Chingelezi lochepa, ndipo ali ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa kusaphunzira kuposa avereji ya dzikolo. Izi zimagwira ntchito ku maiko mazana ambiri a dziko lonse, kutsimikizira kuti anthu a zinenero zoŵerengeka angakhoze kuloŵa m'dzikolo.

Kuyamba Kuyenda m’Magulu a Nkhondo ndi Kudutsa Nyanja

Makonzedwe apadera amatsimikizira kuti ziŵalo za usilikali ndi anthu wamba a kumaiko akunja a dzikolo angaloŵetsemo m’chisankho cha pulezidenti mosasamala kanthu za kukhala kutali ndi maiko awo.

UOCAVA ifuna maboma kulola asilikali ndi osankha a kumaiko akunja kulembetsa ndi kupempha mavoti ochotsedwawo pogwiritsa ntchito Federal Post Card Summose, mtundu wofanana umene umagwirizanitsa njirazo kupyola maboma osiyanasiyana. Maboma ayenera kutumiza zolembera zochotsedwa ku UOCAVA zosankhidwa pa masiku 45 chisankho cha boma chisanafike, kupereka nthaŵi yokwanira kaamba ka otola kuti afikire kunja kwa dziko ndi kubwezedwa. Maboma ambiri tsopano amapereka kutumiza kwa magetsi kwa zikalata zopimira ku asilikali ndi ku kampani ya ku kampani ya kumaiko akunja, zikuchepetsa kwambiri nthaŵi zopereka.

Federal Voting Isolation Program, yotsogozedwa ndi Department of Defense, imapereka zinthu ndi chichirikizo kuthandiza asilikali ndi ovota akunja kugawana m'masankho. Programuyi imapereka chidziŵitso chonena za kulembetsa ndi njira zovota, imathandiza kuthetsera mavuto okhudza kuvota, ndi kugwira ntchito ndi maboma kuwongolera mautumiki a UOCAVA wovota. Mosasamala kanthu za chitetezo chimenechi, asilikali ndi osankhidwa kumaiko akunja akupitirizabe kulimbana ndi mavuto, kuphatikizapo madeti a ntchito, kuchedwa kwa makalata, ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana za boma.

Kusemphana Maganizo pa Nkhani ya Chisankho ndi Mavuto a Malamulo

Malamulo othetsera mikangano imeneyi amaphatikizapo makhoti a boma, makhoti, makhoti a boma, ndi m'nkhani zina, Congress. Kumvetsa mmene mikangano ya masankho imathetsedwera n’kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu apitirizebe kukhulupirira mapulogalamu a demokrase ndi kutsimikizira kuti nkhani zomveka zikufunika.

Makhoti a boma amatumikira monga malo oyamba a mikangano ya chisankho, kugwiritsira ntchito lamulo la chisankho kuthetsa mikangano. Mapangano angaphatikizepo mafunso onga ngati ngati mavoti ena ayenera kuŵerengedwa, kaya ngati njira zovota zinatsatiridwa moyenerera, kapena ngati zotulukapo za masankho ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Makhoti aakulu kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi mawu omalizira pa mafunso a boma, ngakhale kuti nkhani zalamulo la boma lingapimidwe kumakhoti a boma.

Makhoti a Federal angamve mikangano ya masankho imene imadzutsa mafunso a boma kapena alamulo. Milandu ingakhale ndi milandu yakuti malamulo a chisankho kapena njira za chisankho ziswa malamulo a U.S. malamulo a ufulu wa boma, kapena malamulo ena a boma. Khoti Lapamwamba lachita mbali yaikulu m'mikangano ina ya masankho a pulezidenti, makamaka mu Bush v. Gore mu 2000, pamene chigamu cha Khotilo chinatsimikiza bwino zotsatira za masankho a pulezidenti.

Electoral Count Act, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 1887 ndi kukonzedwanso mu 2022, ikhazikitsa njira za Congress kuti aŵerenge mavoti a voti ndi kuthetsa mikangano. Lamulo limatsutsa kuti ntchito ya Pulezidenti wa Pulezidenti poŵerengera mavoti ndi yongothandiza, imalongosola mmene Nyumba za Malamulo ziyenera kusamalirira zikalata zopikisana za osankha, ndi kuyambitsa njira yotsegulira mavoti. Masinthidwe ameneŵa amafuna kuletsa mtundu wa tsoka limene linachitika pa January 6, 2021, pamene njira yosankha kugamulako inasokonezedwa.

Kutsutsana ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu Kwatsopano

Lamulo la chisankho ndi ufulu wosankha zidakalipo nkhani za ndale zazikulu ndi zoyesayesa zopitirizabe kukonzanso. Kugwirizanitsa malingaliro a mmene angalinganizire kupata, chisungiko cha masankho, ndi kuyendetsa bwino zinthu kumakambirana za kusintha kwa malamulo a chisankho ponse paŵiri m'boma ndi m'dziko. Kumvetsetsa mikangano imeneyi kuli kofunika kaamba ka pangano la anthu odziŵa bwino ndi kutengamo mbali m'kupanga chigamulo cha demokrase ponena za masankho.

Kubwezeretsa ndi Kufutukuka kwa Ufulu

Ochirikiza ufulu wosankha apereka masinthidwe osiyanasiyana kuti awonjezere kulowa m'dziko ndi kuteteza tsankho. Malamulo ameneŵa amaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa ndi kulimbitsa makonzedwe a Cong Rights Act, kukhazikitsa miyezo ya dziko kaamba ka kulembetsa wovota ndi kulowa m'malo, kuwonjezera mavoti oyambirira ndi makalata ovota, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kulembetsa kodzisankhira m'dziko lonse. Ochirikiza amanena kuti kusintha kumeneku kudzawonjezera kutengamo mbali, kuchepetsa zoletsa kusanthula, ndi kutetezera ku machitachita ofufuza.

John Lewis Voting Rights Advement Act, yomwe inatchedwa kuti ya malemu mtsogoleri wa ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu, ibwezeretsa lamulo la Combing Rights Act ndi lamulo losintha lokhudza kusankhidwa kwa anthu posankha. Freedom to Vote Act ikhazikitsa malamulo a dziko lonse a kulembetsa ovota, kuvota koyamba, ndi kuvota posankha pochita mapepala, komanso pokambirana nkhani za za ndawala ya za ufulu wa anthu ndiponso za chisankho. Malamulowa ayambitsa mkangano waukulu wokhudza kulinganiza koyenera pakati pa malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a boma ndi malamulo a masankhoti.

Zokometsera Zopanga Zosankha

Malamulo olimbikitsa kuteteza masankho a kuteteza makampani ovota pa ziwopsezo za pa Intaneti, kuletsa kuloŵerera kwa mayiko akunja, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mavoti azikhala olondola. Zotsatira zake ndizo kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala otsegulira mapepala ndi kuŵerengera pambuyo pa mayeso, kupereka ndalama za boma kuti zithandize kukonza masankho, kukhazikitsa miyezo ya makompyuta yovomerezeka pa kuvota, ndiponso kupititsa patsogolo chidziŵitso chokhudza zinthu zoopsa. Pali kugwirizana kwakukulu pa njira zambiri zotetezera masankhoti, ngakhale kuti mikangano ya za kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi kuyendetsa ndalama ikupitirizabe.

Mayiko ena achita njira zina zotetezera zopitirira malamulo a boma, monga kuyendetsa makampani oika moyo pachiyeso pa zotsatira za masankho, kukonzanso chitetezo cha wovota, ndi kulangiza akuluakulu a masankho za kayendetsedwe ka makampani. Zinthu zimenezi zapansi pa nthaka kaŵirikaŵiri zimakhala zitsanzo za malamulo ena ndi kudziŵitsa makambitsira a boma a miyezo imene ingakhalepo.

Kusintha Koleji ya Electoral Kapena Kupulumutsidwa

Bungwe la Electoral College layambitsa mkangano wopitirizabe, makamaka pa masankho amene wopambana pa voti sanalandire mavoti otchuka kwambiri m’dziko lonselo. Otsutsa amanena kuti Electoral College siikufuna democratic, imapereka chisonkhezero chokulira cha kusintha maboma, ndipo ingachititse mapresidenti amene alibe chichirikizo cha ambiri. Oteteza dzikolo akutsutsa kuti dongosolo limatetezera zolinga za mayiko aang'ono, limalimbikitsa kumanga pamodzi m’madera osiyanasiyana, ndipo limasonyeza mkhalidwe wa boma la America.

Kutumiza Electoral College kungafunikire kusintha kosijeni, kumene kumayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu zandale ndi zothandiza. Monga chosiyana, National Popular Vote Intertate Communion imavomereza kuti avoti awo osankhidwa avomereze mavoti awo otchuka a dzikolo otchuka. Mavotiwa athandiza kokha pamene maboma okhala ndi mavoti ambiri osankhidwa, kutsimikizira kuti adzatsimikizira kuti wopambana wotchukayo adzakhala prezidenti. Bungwelo lavomerezedwa ndi mavoti onse 209 osankhidwa ndi 2024, ofupikizidwa ndi 270 ofunika kuti agwire ntchito.

Mabuku Othandiza Kulemba Mabuku ndi Nkhani Zosankha

Pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza ovota kumvetsa ufulu wawo, kulembetsa kuti avote, kupeza malo oonera, ndi kupeza chidziŵitso cholondola cha masankho. mabungwe a boma, mabungwe a boma, ndi magulu a boma amapereka zida ndi chidziŵitso chothandiza kuti munthu atengemo mbali m’masankho a pulezidenti.

U.S. Commotion A Izitsanzo ([FLT :2]] https :/www.eac.gov) imapereka chidziŵitso chokwanira ponena za kuyang'anira chisankho, miyezo ya kasankhidwe, ndi chuma cha osankha. Factal program Commentation program [ ([/wwwww.fvap.v[FL:7]) imapereka ziŵiro za asilikali ndi mavoti a dziko. ndi akuluakulu a masankhoti amasunga malo ndi chidziŵitso chatsatanetsatane ponena za kulembetsa koso, kujambula, kujambula mavoti, chisankhomo ndi chivome.

Mabungwe a Nortalisan onga ngati Chikole cha Akazi . ([FLT:]https :/www.vote411. org ) amapereka zotsogolera zovotera, chidziŵitso cha ofunsira, ndi zipangizo zothandizira anthu kukonzekera masankho. National Association of Srecs of State [ [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]https] / www.nas.org [FL:7]]) imavomereza kuti apange chivoti cha masankhoti ndi chidziŵitso chonena za boma lililonse. Zothandiza kuyang'anira malamulo ogwirizana ndi ufulu wa chisankhoti chawo.

Kumaliza: Kuchoka pa Lamulo la Chisankho

Malamulo a Presidemokrati ndi ufulu wosankha akupitirizabe kusintha pochitapo kanthu ndi kusintha kwa luso la zopangapanga, kubuka zitokoso, ndi kusintha zinthu za ndale. Kusagwirizana pakati pa kufutukuka kwa kulowa pa chisankho ndi kutsimikizira chitetezo cha masankho, pakati pa miyezo ya boma ndi ulamuliro wa boma, ndi pakati pa masomphenya otsutsana a demokrase a kutsutsana kopitirizabe ponena za malamulo a chisankho. Kumvetsetsa kachitidwe ka zamalamulo kameneka (kasintha ka zinthu zamakono, boma, ndi kuthekera kwa mtsogolo kuti nzikagawanire mokhutiritsa m'malamulo ndi kukambitsirana motsimikizirika ponena za mmene masankhoti ayenera kuchitikira.

Kuyenera kwa kuvota kuli ngati maziko a demokrase ya America, komabe sikunakhalepo kotheratu kapena kofikirika padziko lonse. Kuyambira pamene dziko linakhazikitsidwa m’tsiku lino, kuwonjezereka ndi kutetezeredwa kwa ufulu wa kuvota kwakhala kofunikira kuyesayesa kopitirizabe, zitokoso za lamulo, kupanga malamulo, ndi kukhazikitsa chipangano. Pamene mavuto atsopano akubuka kuchokera ku ziwopsezo za pa Intaneti za kuchotsa mikupiti ya makampani ku kutsutsana za kulowa [1] ntchito yotetezera ndi kukulitsa mbali ya democracyism ikupitirizabe.

Nzika iliyonse yoyenerera ili ndi ufulu ndi udindo wochita nawo zisankho za pulezidenti. Mwakumvetsetsa malamulo a masankho, kudziŵa zoyenera zanu, ndi kukhalabe odziŵitsidwa ponena za njira zovota m'boma lanu, mungatsimikizire kuti mawu anu amvedwa m'dongosolo la demokrase. Kaya mwa kuvota, kuchirikiza masankho, kutumikira monga wopanga masankho, kapena kungodziŵitsidwa za nkhani za masankhoti, kutenga nawo mbali kumalimbikitsa demokrase ndipo kumathandiza kuti boma likhalebe ndi mlandu kwa anthu amene limagwira ntchitoyo.