Maziko a Malamulo a Ofufuza za Zinthu Zapanyumba

Kuswa lamulo ndi chizindikiro kaŵirikaŵiri kumafuna ofufuza kupeza umboni wakuthupi kapena wa mlingo kuchokera kwa owonedwa kukhala otsutsa. Popanda chilolezo chalamulo, kusonkhanitsako umboni koteroko kungaswetse chitetezo cha lamulo ku kufunafuna kosalingalira ndi kugwidwa. Mu United States, Lachinayi Lamphumphu limakhazikitsa chiyeneretso cha maziko chakuti zifunsiro zichirikizidwe ndi chochititsa chothekera ndi kulongosola mwapadera malowo ndi zinthu zimene ziyenera kutengedwa. Kufufuza kwa nzeru (IP), izi zikutanthauza kuti kufunafuna kapena kulanda kochitidwa popanda chilolezo chotsimikizirika .

M'nkhani zambiri za IP yachiŵeniŵeni, ofufuza ndi magulu a zachitetezo achinsinsi sangapeze zilolezo; ndi mabungwe a boma okha osungitsa lamulo (m'chinga, FBI, UPTO, kusungitsa lamulo, kapena apolisi akomweko) angawagwiritsire ntchito. Komabe, mabungwe ena angafunefune zikalata zogaŵidwa pansi pa malamulo apadera, monga Trademark Counting Act ya 1984 Act [U.S.C.] [1116] [malamulo auchigawenga pakati pa [FLT:]] [35] [UF.C.C. 283]). Malamulo ameneŵa amalamula kuti avomerezetse mlandu komanso kuti akwanitse anthu.

Zofunika Kuti Munthu Apeze Mlendo M’makhoti Opereka ndi Amalonda

Chochititsa Chachikulu

Chochititsa chotsimikizirika ndicho maziko a ntchito iliyonse yovomerezeka. Kufufuza IP, mwinamwake kumatanthauza kuti boma liyenera kupereka mfundo zokwanira kutsogolera munthu wolingalira kukhulupirira kuti umboni wa kutsutsa kwina kulikonse ulipo pamalopo ofunikira kufufuzidwa. Zimenezi sizikungokayikira; katswiri wa IP ayenera kuphatikizapo tsatanetsatane wotsimikizirika monga mawu a umboni, zolembedwa zofufuza, kugula zinthu zopeka, kapena kupenda kwa manambala kugwirizanitsa chofunkhacho ndi ntchito yotseka.

Makhoti anena kuti chochititsa chothekera m’milandu yachinyengo yachizindikiro chingatsimikizidwe ndi kupenda kwa wofufuza wophunzitsidwa kwa katundu wokhala ndi chizindikiro cholembedwa chimene chikuwoneka kukhala chosaloledwa. Mofananamo, m’milandu yotsimikizirika, chochititsa chothekera chingawonekere mwakuyerekezera mbali za choimbidwacho ndi zikalata zolembedwa ndi chinsinsi ndi kupeza umboni waluso wakuti chinthucho chimapezeka moyenerera.

Kabuku Kothandiza: Kabuku ndi Zamkati

Wolumbirayo ndi chikalata cholembedwa choperekedwa kwa woweruza kapena woweruza milandu.

  • Kuzindikira ndi ziyeneretso za affiant (m' lekuatiso, FBI yapadera ndi maphunziro a IP, wofufuza wa USPTO, kapena wofufuza wa kumaloko wozoloŵera m'zinthu zopeka).
  • mfundo zobisika zimakhazikitsa chochititsa chothekera , kuphatikizapo madeti, malo, malongosoledwe a zinthu zopotozedwa, ndi zogulidwa zobisika kapena zopimira.
  • Kulinganiza kugwirizana kwa pakati pa kudodometsa ndi malo ofunidwa kufufuzidwa (monga ngati, wonyumwirayo amagwiritsira ntchito nyumba yosungiramo katundu wonyenga kumene amasungirako, kapena kuti woyendetsa famu ya pa famu ya opasadaleyo amapumira pulogalamu).
  • Kuvomereza zoyenera za IP zodziŵika zophatikizidwa: manambala olembetsa a chizindikiro, nambala zachilolezo, ndi umboni wa mwini (m'e., zikalata za USPTO).
  • Tsigilamu yakuti umboni wopezeka ungapezeke pamalopo panthaŵi yolinga (yofunika kwambiri kuwonongeka kapena kusuntha mofulumira zinthu za magetsi).

Kutchula Mwapadera: Kodi Opambana Ayenera Kukhala ndi Mfundo Yachindunji Motani?

Chiyeneretso chapadera chimaletsa kufunafuna kwachisawawa . Chilolezocho chiyenera kulongosola:

  • Adiresi yeniyeni kapena malo a manambala [[FL:1] (m., keyala ya IP, akhawunti yosungira mtambo, kapena malo akunja). Malongosoledwe ambiri onga “makompyuta alionse ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi wonyumwiridwayo" kaŵirikaŵiri ngosakwanira.
  • Mitundu ya zinthu zimene ziyenera kugwidwa. Kwa zonyenga zakuthupi: “Zinthu zonse zimene zili ndi chizindikiro cha XYZ pa zikalata za zovala, mapepala, ndi mapepala." Kaamba ka maumboni a foni: “Magubo olimba ndi mafaelo okhala ndi zithunzi za uinjiniya zogwirizana ndi U.S. No. 9,999,999 .
  • Mafukufuku a nthaŵi zimene akuti zikudodometsa [1] Ngati umboni ukhala zaka zingapo, chilolezo chiyenera kulongosola chifukwa chake zinthu zakale zidakali zofunika.
  • Palibe njira iliyonse yofufuzira yokha, monga ngati kuti opima a m'magazi amagwiritsira ntchito zotsatsatsa zotchulidwa kuti apeŵe kupendanso kulankhulana kwachinsinsi kosafunikira.

Kulingalira Moyenera

Chikalata chovomerezeka ndi chilolezo cha chigawo cha khoti lotulutsa. M'milandu ya IP kumene kuswa ntchito yopitira kudziko kapena malire a dziko, ofufuza angafunikire zilolezo zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati katundu wonyenga wapangidwa m'boma lina, kusungidwa m'dziko lina, ndi kugulitsidwa pa Intaneti kuchokera ku boma lachitatu, malo alionse amafuna chilolezo chosiyana kuchokera ku khoti lolamulira deralo. Makhoti a boma a boma apatsidwa ulamuliro wa milandu ina ya apandu a IP, koma lamulolo liyenerabe kuperekedwa m'chigawo chimene kufufuzako kumachitika (. R. R. R.

M'maiko onse, kusungidwa kwa IP kungaphatikizepo mapangano alamulo othandizana (MLAT) kapena makalata odziwonetsa, monga zilolezo zachilendo sizingasungidwe mwachindunji mu United States, ndi kutsutsana ndi . Opereka ndalama ayenera kufunsa International Trade Commission [FLT] (ITC) kaamba ka milandu yalamulo yokhudza katundu wopitira kunja, monga momwe ITC imaperekera malamulo ofanana ndi zifuno kumalire.

Kuganizira Kwambiri Umboni Wokhudza Makompyuta

Kusokoneza IP kwamakono kumaphatikiza kwambiri zinthu zamakono: pulogalamu yopepyulidwa, mpambo wachinyengo wa pulogalamu ya pulogalamu, zinsinsi za malonda zoba, kapena maina a maofesi oteteza anthu ku malo a magetsi. Makhoti apanganso njira zina zotetezera zinthu zachinsinsi pofufuza manambala:

  • Kuchepetsa : Chilolezo chiyenera kuchepetsa kufunafuna kwa mafaelo kukhala ndi umboni wa kukanidwa kwa IP, kupeŵa kupenda kochuluka kwa ma email aumwini, zithunzithunzi, kapena mafashoni a bizinesi osagwirizana.
  • Malamulo a zapatali [1]: Ziyeneretso zambiri tsopano zimafunikira kuti katswiri wachitatu wa mbali ya kupeka kapena mbuye wapadera apange kufunafuna, kapena kuti lamulo losungitsa ligwiritsire ntchito “malamulo kutsekereza chidziŵitso chamwambo kuti alembe kaye chilolezo chamwambo.
  • Tsitsi kwa wopereka : Pansi pa Chikalata Chosungira Kulankhulana (Chikalata cha U.S.C. ○ z'aizo za mamail kapena njira zina zamagetsi zosungidwa ndi makampani a utumiki (m., Google, Zazikulu za pa Intaneti) ziyenera kugwirizana ndi zofunika zenizeni. Ofufuza kaŵirikaŵiri amasankha pakati pa chilolezo (chomwe chimafunikira chotsatira) ndi malamulo 2703 (omwe amafunikiritsa kukayikira koyenera).
  • Nthaŵi ndi kubwererapo [1]: Kufufuza kwa manambala kungaphatikizepo zithunzi zolimba. Makhoti amaika malire a nthaŵi pa kupenda kwa m'mabanja /g, “boma liyenera kumaliza kupenda kwake pasanathe masiku 60 ndi kubwerera kapena kuwononga zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni.

Chochitika chosonyeza zinthu . [FLT] California . . California .[FLT :2] (2014] anakhazikitsa kuti apolisi amafunikira chilolezo chofufuza foni ya m'manja, ngakhale chochitika chokhudza kumangidwa. Mfundo imeneyi yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku malekoptop ndi magome otengedwa mu kufufuza kwa IP, kutsimikizira kufunika kwa, data programmes .

Mavuto ndi Kulephera m’Chizolowezi Choletsa IP

Ulamuliro Wamachenjera ndi Zotsendereza

Ngati chikalata chipezedwa kukhala chopanda chifukwa chothekera kapena chapadera, umboni uliwonse wogwidwa ungachotsedwe mu ulamuliro wa kutsekedwa. Mu ma IP, kutsendereza kungakhale kwakupha mlanduwo chifukwa chakuti umboni wa kuswa (m., katundu wonyenga, zikalata zotsatiridwa ndi magwero) kaŵirikaŵiri uli umboni wa liwongo. Otetezera kaŵirikaŵiri amatsutsa mapangano kuti affidavit ali ndi chidziŵitso cholakwika [1] Mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kochitidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kumbuyoko sikutsimikizira kutsutsidwa kwa chumacho.

Ochirikiza Nkhondo ndi Malamulo Otetezera

Kuti ateteze zinthu zosayembekezereka, ofufuza IP nthaŵi zina amapempha kuti aike chizindikiro mpaka ataphedwa. Zikalata zosungidwa panyanja zimateteza munthu amene akufuna kulanda umboni. Komabe, kusindikiza chisindikizo kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti kuvumbulako kungawononge. Akamaliza kufufuzako, chidindocho chimachotsedwa, ndipo munthu amene akufuna kukonza chidindocho ali ndi ufulu wofufuza chidindocho (chotsatira zimene wachita pofufuza).

Oyembekezera Kubwera

M’zochitika zina, ofufuza amadziŵa kuti kuswa katundu kudzafika pamalo akutiakuti mtsogolo . Mwachitsanzo, chiwiya cha mabagi opeka oyembekezeredwa padoko. chilolezo cha kupeputsa chimalola kufunafuna kuphedwa pamene vuto la kuphulitsa (m’njira, kunyamula chiwiya) kuchitika. Mbulu wa ogula ayenera kulongosola chifukwa chake pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti chibamuchi chidzakhalapo pamene chikalatacho chiperekedwa, osati panthaŵi yongofunsira.

Mikhalidwe Yoipa Isintha

Malo samafunidwa nthaŵi zonse. Pamilandu ya IP, zimenezi zingachitike ngati onyenga achotsa zikalata kapena kuchotsa mafaelo. Komabe, makhoti angafufuze mosamalitsa zinenezo zimenezo; boma limakhala ndi mlandu wa kutsimikizira kuti apolisi oganiza bwino akhulupirira kuti ntchitoyo inali yofunika mwamsanga.

Njira Zothandiza Zopezera Mayeso ndi Magulu a Malamulo

Kukonzekera Koyambirira kwa Pulogalamu

  1. Tsalani bwino lomwe zoyenera za IP : Kupeza makope ovomerezeka a kulembetsa kovomerezeka kwa chilolezo kapena chizindikiro cha chizindikiro, mpambo wa dzina, ndi mapangano alionse ovomereza.
  2. Coct shopu yoyendetsedwa [1]: Gulani katundu wonga kapena kopera pepala loyesera la chinthu chonenedwa kuti chikupotoza kuti chikhale chogwirizanitsa mwachindunji ndi wonyumwiridwayo. Gwiritsirani ntchito malonda olembedwa ndi tcheni à à à à resorttoid.
  3. Kudziŵikitsa malo onse othekera: Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakuthupi, maofesi, maadiresi a panyumba, magalimoto, ndi ndandanda ya manambala (maakaunti a mtambo, olemba maidi, magalimoto oyendera apambuyo).
  4. [[FLT: 0] Drowani tsatanetsatane wa pepala [1]: Gwiritsirani ntchito kachipangizo kochokera ku Ofesi ya Attorney ya U.S. kapena kampani ya lamulo yoona khunyu la IP. Phatikizani mapu, zithunzi, ndi malipoti a magetsi monga zotsagana.
  5. [[FLT: 0] Kugwirizana ndi ulamuliro wopereka mlandu : M'milandu yaupandu, gwirani ntchito ndi Mthandizi wa U.S. Attorney (AUSA) kutsimikizira affidavit kukumana ndi miyezo ya khoti lakwawo. M’nkhani zachiŵeniŵeni, loya angapemphere kaamba ka lamulo la kulanda la Lanham Act kapena Paten Act.

Kuphedwa kwa Wankhondoyo

  • Kuyang'ana chilolezocho musanafufuze. Ngati chilolezocho chilola kugwidwa ndi “mateki onyenga onse ” koma kuŵerengerako kumaphatikizaponso zinthu zosaputira, zimene ziyenera kusiyidwa popanda kugwera m’njira ina (m'b., chithunzi chooneka bwino).
  • Ambani mpambo watsatanetsatane wa chinthu chilichonse chogwidwa, ndi nthaŵi ndi zithunzi. Iperekani kope kwa munthu amene katundu wake anafufuzidwa, monga momwe kunafunidwa ndi Lamulo 41(f).
  • Ziwiya za magetsi zokhala ndi njira zabwino zolembera : gwiritsirani ntchito zolembera, diree, ndi makhalidwe a pa magetsi kusunga umboni.

Kufufuza kwa Pambuyo pa Pacific

Pambuyo pa kuphedwa, boma liyenera kubwezera chilolezo ndi kuŵerengera ku khoti panthaŵi yoŵerengeka. Ngati kugwidwa ndi katundu wosatchulidwa m'chilolezo, zinthuzo zingaperekedwe ku chilolezo chakulingalira chapadera kapena ngati choimbidwacho chingafunikire kubwezedwa. Mlandu wa chiphaso chachiweniweni, wogwidwayo ayenera kutumiza chikole ngati kulephera kubisa chowonongeka (mtsempha, ngati chinthucho sichikupingalanjikizidwa).

Malingaliro Oyerekezera: United States vs. European Union

Pamene kuli kwakuti chisinthiko chachinayi nchokha kwa United States, maulamuliro ena ambiri ali ndi ziyeneretso zofanana. Pansi pa lamulo la EU, Eupan Investigation Order (EFL: 1] imalola kufunafuna kothera pa mapepala pakati pa maboma a zigawenga za IP. EIO imafuna ulamuliro wachiweruzo m'bomalo kuti apeze kuti muyeso uli wofunika ndi wolingana, wofanana ndi chochititsa. Komabe, EU'S [FLT:] General Data Detection Regation Regation (GPR) [1] imaika ziletso zina pa umboni wokhudzana ndi kuteteza, monga ngati kuyang'anira kufunafuna chidziŵitso chaumwini.

Pa milandu yopanga yokhudza malumbiro a server à à system (SPS), maiko ena onga ngati Germany ndi Japan apanga njira zopitira katundu wogulitsidwa kumalire, popanda njira yamwambo yovomerezeka. M'dziko la U.S., International Trade Commission (ITC) angachotse malamulo amene amagwira ntchito ngati zilolezo, kulola U.S. Kulanda zinthu zotengedwa pamalire ozikidwa pa kupeza kwa boma [1] Gawo lopanda chilo chachinayi chifukwa chakuti kusanthula malire kumadziŵika.

Malamulo ndi Zochita Zaposachedwapa

Zosankha zingapo zaposachedwapa zasintha zikalata zovomerezeka mu kufufuza kwa IP. United States v. Ganias [1] (2d Cir. 2016), khotilo linavomereza kuti boma likhale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kopanda malire a kompyuta yolembedwa povomereza kulanda kokha mafashoni a ndalama. Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kufunika kwa kubwerera kapena kuwononga zinthu zosalembedwa pa [1] pambuyo pofufuza.

Chikhoterero china ndicho kuwonjezereka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kwa mathero a geography ndi maadiresi a IP kuti adziŵitse osadziŵika otsutsa a pa Intaneti. Mu United States v. Charrie [1] (4th Kir. 2023]), khoti linafuna kuti kuvomereza kaamba ka mbiri ya Google kuchilikizidwe ndi chifukwa chomveka kwa munthu aliyense amene afuna chidziŵitso chake, kutsutsana ndi machitidwe opeka zinthu zopeka pa Intaneti zimene zimagwira ntchito zopeka zopeka chinsinsi zogwiritsira ntchito ntchito mautumiki achinsinsi.

Pomalizira, kukwera kwa zizindikiro [[FL:0] zosasinthika [NFTs] ndi zizindikiro za makono pa mapulatifomu a bluckchain zayambitsa nkhani zachilendo zovomereza. Opereka ndalama zoyesa kuumitsa kapena kulanda zinthu zamakono zogwirizana ndi kuphwanya malamulo ayenera kugwirizana ndi kusinthana kwachinsinsi ndipo angafunikire zilolezo zosiyanasiyana za madiresi a chikwama chilichonse .

Kumaliza

Kusankha ziyeneretso zofunikira kaamba ka kukhazikitsa ndi kutsekereza kutsekereza kupotoza kufunikiritsa kumvetsetsa kosamalitsa kwa lamulo lalamulo, malamulo alamulo, ndi malamulo otsimikizirika olamulira kutsata kwa IP. Kaya kugwira ntchito mlandu waupandu kapena kugwidwa ndi boma pansi pa Lanham Act, ofufuza ayenera kumanga maziko olimba, kupanga ma ampire olondola, ndi kumamatira ku malire a chiweruzo. Mwakutsatira njira yovomerezeka, ntchito zosungitsa lamulo zikhalabe zololedwa ndipo umboni ukhalabe woyenerera [1] Motsimikizirika amatetezera ufulu wa IP ndi chinsinsi cha munthu aliyense payekha.

Kuti muŵerenge mowonjezereka, funsani U.S. Office ndi Trearkmark kaamba ka zitsogozo za kulanda, ndi CCounterfeiting Intelligence Bureaunt [ kaamba ka ndandanda zabwino koposa za mitundu yonse. [[FLT:] FBI] FBI’S UNICLEURC UNION BOT imaperekanso ziŵiro za ma pulogalamu a lamulo mu nkhani za IP.