Zopereka za kampeni ndi njira yoyamba imene anthu ndi mabungwe amaperekera ndalama pochirikiza okonzekera zandale, zipani, ndi zochititsa. Zopereka zimenezi pansi pa kulemba makina a ntchito a masankho amakono . Kutsatsa malonda kumagula, makalata achinsinsi, makompyuta, malipiro a antchito, kuyenda, ndi kutuluka pa ntchito za kampani. Kugwirizana pakati pa zopereka za chigawo ndi mavoti anu sikuli kongochita malonda; kumabutsa mafunso ofunika onena za kuimira, kulowa, ndi kulemera kwa mawu osiyanasiyana mu democracy. Understating kuyendetsa ndalama kupyolera kudzera mwa dongosolo la ndale zadziko, madongosolo alamulo amene amalamulira, ndi zizindikiro zimene zimatumiza kuvotetsa kuti avote ndi aliyense amene akufuna kuvota ndi kuzindikira kotheratu mphamvu zopanga mabolo opanga mabolo.

Makina a Kampeni

Kuti amvetse mmene zopereka za ndawala zimagwirizanirana ndi kuvota, kuli kofunika kumvetsetsa maziko a kulinganiza kwa ndale zadziko. Oyembekezera kuperekedwa kwa makampani, boma ndi opita ku malowo, ndi zipani za ndale zadziko amakweza ndalama kupyolera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Operekawo angapereke mwachindunji kwa makomiti othandizira, ogonjera ku malamulo. Makomiti andale (PAC) a m'mathithithi a mamembala kapena antchito ndi kupereka ndalama kwa ofunsira. Makomiti a gulu amakweza ndalama kuti achirikize zikalata zawo zonse. Chiyambirenitsa Chikhoterezi cha United . FFEC mu 2010, makomiti otchuka a PCC ndi ena odziimira okha a makomiti angakweze ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kuti athandize kapena otsutsa oyendera ntchito.

Ndalama zimenezi zimaikidwa m'malo ochitirapo kafukufuku. Otsatsa malonda a TV ndi a foni ndi zinthu zazikulu kwambiri m'mafuko apadera. Makalata, maofesi a pa maofesi, mabanki a telefoni, masewera, ndi makompyuta, zonsezo zimafuna ndalama zambiri. Popanda zopereka, oyembekezera angayesetse kulankhulana ndi mapulatifomu awo, kuchitapo kanthu, kapena kukonza njira zoyendetsera zinthu zofunika kuti atulutse ochirikiza Ecompution Day. Zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala odalira nyumba: ofuna kukonza ayenera kukweza ndalama kuti apeze ndalama, ndi kufunika kwa mautumiki amene amathera nawo, ntchito zimene amagogomezera, ndi mmene amaperekera chisamaliro chawo pa ntchito zawo.

Mitundu ya Opereka Mkupiti

Chilengedwe chonse cha opereka ndalama za ndawala sichikudalira kwambiri. Kumvetsa magulu osiyanasiyana a opereka kumathandiza ovota kumasulira zimene kusonkhanitsa ndalama kwa wofuna kulowa m'gulu la anthu kungasonyeze ponena za kulamulira kwawo ndi kugwirizana kwawo.

Anthu Opereka Ndalama pawokha ndi Zopereka Zazing’ono

Wopereka mmodzi ndi mmodzi ali gulu lochuluka kwambiri. Opereka madolala ocheperapo . Opereka ndalama zocheperapo angakulitse kwambiri $200 kapena kucheperapo, makamaka pamene akwera mapulatifomu a pa Intaneti. Opereka ambiri ang'onoang'ono amachirikiza kwambiri mizu ya udzu ndi kudziimira pa zinthu zachuma. Komabe, ngakhale zopereka zochepa zingapange lingaliro la thayo la ndalama zokwanira $200 kapena zochepera, ndipo zotsatira zowonjezereka za zopereka zambiri zikhozabe kutsogolera wofunsira ku malo amene ali ndi ochirikiza. Firedal Evotion Commission (FLC) [FLF:1] imapereka chidziŵitso pa zopereka, kulola othandizira amene ali ogwirizanawo.

Makomiti a Zandale (PAC)

PAC ndi magulu amene amasonkhanitsa ndalama kuchokera ku gulu lapadera la ziŵalo kapena antchito ndiyeno kupereka izo kwa oyembekezera. Ma PAC amaikidwa pa mlingo wa zopereka. Iwo amaimira maindasitale, mayuniti a antchito, malingaliro, kapena mayanjano a akatswiri. Wosankha amene amalandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku gulu la mphamvu la PACI, mwachitsanzo, angakhale wokhoterera ku kuchirikiza malamulo oyanja zinthu zopindulitsa mafuta. Mavoter angagwiritsire ntchito chuma chonga [ Opausets SOCrets [ kuyang'ana kuyendera kuyenda kwa ndalama za PC ndi njira za chisonkhezero kudutsa maindasitale ndi .

Mapale Otchuka ndi Magulu Odziimira Okha

Ma POC angatumize ndalama zopanda malire kuchokera ku makampani, maukwati, ndi anthu, ndipo angawononge ndalamazo paokha kuti athandize kapena kutsutsa. Iwo sangapereke mwachindunji ku ndawala kapena kugwirizanitsa ntchito zawo, koma pochita ndandanda pakati pa kugwirizana ndi kudziimira kungakhale kopanda pake. Nthaŵi zambiri Apamwamba a PaC amalamulira makampani oulutsa ndi kusatsa malonda koipa, ndipo kukhalapo kwawo kwawonjezera kwambiri ndalama m'dongosolo landale. Olemba mabuku ayenera kuzindikira kuti ndalama zazikulu zowonongedwa za PC zingapese ndalama za munthu mwiniyo, kutanthauza kuti magulu akunja angaumbe nkhani ya fuko kuposa komiti ya ofunsirawo.

Ndalama Zakuda ndi Mabungwe Osapeza Phindu

Ndalama zina zandale zimene sizifunika kuululira anthu awo. Ndalama imeneyi yotchedwa mdima imavuta ovota kudziŵa amene alidi kumbuyo kwa mpikisano winawake kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. 501(c) (4) mabungwe othandiza anthu ndi 501(c) (6) mabungwe a zamalonda angalowetse m'ntchito zandale malinga ngati si cholinga chawo chachikulu, ndipo iwo safunikira kuvumbula magwero awo a ndalama. Kusoŵa kwa kuonekera bwino kumeneku kumachepetsa kukhoza kwa Fociach kupenda mikangano ya chiwongolala ndi kubwezera mlandu.

Zopereka za Mkupiti Wolamulira wa Ntchito Yalamulo

Kampeni ya zachuma ku United States ili ndi maziko a kuvumbulidwa, malire a zopereka, ndi kusiyana pakati pa zowonongedwa pazokha ndi ndalama zoyendetsedwa. Federal Econstruction Campaign Act (FACA) ya 1971, yokonzedwanso kwambiri mu 1974 pambuyo pa Watergate, ikhazikitsa dongosolo lamakono la kupereka ndi malire. Bipartisan Campaign Reformation Act (BCRA) ya 2002 mobwerezabwereza yotchedwa McCain-Fingold .

Khoti Lalikulu la Akatolika linagamula chigamulo cha United [1] mu 2010 chimene chinamaliza mbali zazikulu za dongosolo limeneli mwa kukhala ndi makampani ndi maukwati oyamba ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zopanda malire pa kulankhula kwandale. Zimenezi zinatsegula khomo la ma PACI ndi kuwonjezera kwambiri ntchito ya kugwiritsa ntchito kunja. Malamulo a khoti achepetsanso malire a zopereka ndi zofunika kuulula. Chotulukapo ndicho njira imene ndalama zimayendera momasuka, kuulula n’kosiyana, ndipo malo osungirako amayenda amasintha nthaŵi zonse.

Maboma ena amaika malire opereka ndalama ndipo amafunika kuulula zinthu zina, pamene ena ali ndi ziletso zochepa.

Mmene Kampeni Yopereka Lamulo Losonkhezera Imafikira

Funso lalikulu la ovota nlakuti kaya zopereka za mkupiti zimakhudzadi mmene mavoti a osankhidwa ndi malamulo amene iwo amalondola. mabuku amaphunziro onena za nkhaniyi ngochuluka, ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti kukhala wodalirika nkovuta kutsimikizira motsimikizirika, kulemera kwa umboni kumasonyeza kuti ndalama zimayambukira mkhalidwe wa malamulo m’njira zambiri zofunika.

Choyamba, zopereka zimagula kulowa. Ziŵalo za Congress ndi opanga malamulo a boma amathera mbali yaikulu ya nthaŵi yawo m'ntchito zopereka ndalama. Opereka ndi awo amene angasunge zopereka kuchokera ku mayanjano a mabwenzi amapeza misonkhano, mafoni, ndi mipata yoperekera malingaliro awo kuti anthu wamba samatero. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti kuthekera kwa kumvetsera ndi kuika pambali zina zofunika za woperekayo, ngakhale ngati malingaliro a woperekayo sagwirizana ndi unyinji wa ma membalawo.

Chachiwiri, zopereka zimene anthu angafune kuziona. Malamulo ayenera kusankha mmene angaperekere nthaŵi yawo yochepa ndi likulu la ndale. Opereka ndalama zambiri pa nkhani inayake ya ndalama, malamulo a zachuma, zaumoyo, kapena malamulo a malo ndi malo. Zisonkhezero zimenezi makamaka zimatchulidwa pankhani zochepetsetsa, zaluso zimene sizimakopa anthu ambiri, monga ngati makonzedwe obisidwa pa misonkho yaikulu kapena kukhazikitsa malamulo a boma.

Chachitatu, zopereka zimapanga njira yosonyezera zinthu zimene munthu akuyembekeza. Ngakhale kuti sikumakhala kufunsa kwenikweni kuti n’chiyani chomwe chingakhale chiphuphu pakati pa anthu opereka ndi olandira. Othandiza amathandiza anthu amene nzeru zawo zapamwamba zimagwirizana ndi zofuna zawo, ndipo amayembekezera kuti oyembekezera kubatizidwawo adzaimira zofunazo akalowa mu ofesi. Sadzamvetsa bwino zimene zimachititsa kuti anthu avomereze. Monga mmene kale Sanator Alan Simpson amachitira, "Mukakhala pa komiti imene imakhudza zinthu zimene zimasintha makampaniwo, adzapeza njira yawo yopita ku ofesi yanu. Ndipo sadzalandira nyimbo kuchokera ku mbali zonse ziŵiri. St. [FL:]

Zimene Opanga Makampani Ayenera Kuyang’ana m’Njira Zokhudza Ndalama

Anthu amene akufuna kudziwa kugwirizana kwa zopereka ndi kuvota angagwiritse ntchito mfundo zimene zilipo kuti afufuze anthu amene akufuna kubatizidwa.

Dziŵani Ntchito Zopereka Zopambana

Kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zofanana ndi boma, pendani kuti mafakitale ndi magawo ndiwo othandizira kwambiri pa ndawala ya wobatizidwa aliyense. Wofuna kubatizidwa amene alandira ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku makampani a inshuwalansi ya mankhwala kapena ya zaumoyo angawonjezere malamulo opindulitsa ku maindasitale amenewo. Wofuna kubatizidwa amene amachirikizidwa ndi maukwati a antchito angakhale ndi malo osiyana pantchito ndi nkhani za malipiro.

Opatsa Ambiri

Abulu ndi anthu amene amasonkhanitsa zopereka kuchokera kwa anthu ambiri ndi kuwapatsa monga phukusi. Atsamunda kaŵirikaŵiri amafupa onyamula mitolo ndi kulowa m’misonkhano yaumwini, kuphatikizapo kufupikitsa, ndi ngakhale kuikidwa kwa akazembe. Olemba mabuku angafufuze mpambo wa mitolo ndi anthu otchuka kuti aone ngati wotenga ndalamayo adalira kwambiri pa kagulu kakang’ono ka anthu olemera. Kudalira kwambiri mitolo kungaonetse kuti nthaŵi ndi chisamaliro cha wofunsirayo zikuperekedwa kwa kagulu kochepa ka anthu apamwamba.

Yerekezerani Kusintha kwa Ndalama ndi Kufufuza Kwabwino

Imodzi ya kufufuza kovumbula kwambiri ndiyo kuyerekezera magwero a kuchuluka ndi malo a ndalama za wofuna kubatizidwa ndi anthu a chigawo kapena boma limene akuimira. Ngati chiŵalo cha Nyumba chiimira chigawo chogwira ntchito koma chimalandira zambiri za zopereka zawo kuchokera ku ma kampani ndi anthu olemera, pali kulekana kwachionekere pakati pa woperekayo ndi kulephera kwake. Mpata umenewu ungakhale wothandiza kwambiri kwa osankha amene akuyesa kuyesa kupeza amene zinthu zimene akufuna kuti athandizidwe.

Ndalama Zakuda Zolembedwa pa Ndalama Zongodzifunira

Chifukwa chakuti magulu a ndalama zakuda samavumbula opereka ndalama awo, ovota sangalondole nthaŵi zonse magwero enieni a zowonongedwa zaumwini. Komabe, ambiri a magulu ameneŵa adakali ndi FEC monga project-extraifit-pective , ndi ndandanda ya FEC youlutsira zinthu imasonyeza kuti amawononga ndalama zingati ndipo amatsata mitundu iti. Ofufuza angayang'anenso pamabuti ndi makampani a magulu ameneŵa kuti agwirizane nawo. Maprojekiti oonetsa kuonekera kwa chibadwa ndi manyuzipepala a kufufuza ma pulogalamu a pulogalamu a magetsi a mdima kwambiri otsata m'malembamo.

Njira Zothandiza Kuti Anthu Azidziŵa Zinthu

Anthu olandira wailesi zamanja samangolandira mauthenga a mkupitiwo, koma pali zinthu zina zimene anthu angachite kuti achepetse phokosolo ndi kugwiritsira ntchito nkhani za ndalama monga mbali ya ntchito yawo yopanga zosankha.

Kufufuza koyambirira. Ofuna kubatizidwa ambiri amasankhidwa bwino m'masankho aakulu kumene anthu ambiri amwambo ndi oyembekezera kubatizidwa ali ndi phindu. Kuyang'ana malipoti a ndawala ya kampani asanavotedwe kungasonyeze kuti oyembekezerawo ali ndi mizu yaikulu yochirikiza ndi imene ikudalira pa chiŵerengero cha anthu opereka ndalama zambiri. FEC'S projectal arpolatem stal [

Gwiritsirani ntchito zikwangwani zosalembedwa. Mabungwe onga GovTrack, Vote Smart, ndi magulu oonekera bwino amafalitsa zikwangwani zosonyeza mmene osankha amavotera pa malamulo aakulu. Kuyerekezera mapepala osankhawo ndi woperekayo a m'nyengo imodzimodziyo kungavumbule ngati mavoti a wopanga malamulo akugwirizana ndi zofuna za operekawo kapena ndi zofuna zawo zotchulidwa.

Amatsatira ndalama zodzifunira. M’masabata omalizira chisankho chisanachitike, ma PC ndi makampani a ndalama zakuda kaŵirikaŵiri amathira mafuta a ndege. Ofufuza angayang'ane magulu amene akuchirikiza malonda amene akuona ndiyeno kupenda kuti ndi mafuko ena otani amene magulu enawo akhala akukangalika nawo. Magulu amene amachirikizidwa ndi makampani amodzi kapena makampani a maphunziro ambiri kaŵirikaŵiri amatsatira njira yosasinthasinthasintha [1] Ochirikiza otsata ntchito ya makampaniwo mosasamala kanthu za makampaniwo.

Kuonekera kwa mlingo wa kumaloko. Boma ndi maboma ambiri ali ndi ziyeneretso zocheperapo zodziŵira kuposa dongosolo la boma. Olemba mabuku angachirikize malamulo amphamvu a ndawala m'maiko awo ndi mizinda, kuphatikizapo mafaelo enieni a magetsi, masitepe otsika a kusimba, ndi zilango zokhwima za kusagwirizana. Magazine ndi magulu abwino a maofesi kaŵirikaŵiri ndiwo magwero abwino koposa kaamba ka chigawo cha chigawo cha chigawo cha boma.

Kumaliza: Kachipangizo Kodziŵa Bwino Kogwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama

Ndalama zimathandiza anthu oyembekezera kulankhulana, kulinganiza, ndi kupikisana, komanso zimapanga njira zopezera ndalama ndi kusonkhezera zimene zingasokoneze kuimira.

Kugwirizana pakati pa zopereka ndi mavoti sikuli nthaŵi zonse kolunjika . Kukhoza kukaniza chitsenderezo cha opereka, ndipo magulu aang'ono opanga madengu, asonyeza kuti ndalama zoyendetsera udzu zikhoza kukhala zochepetsa chuma chochuluka. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ndalama kumakhala chimodzi cha zizindikiro zodalirika kwambiri za mgwirizano wa otenga ndalama ndi zofunika zoyambirira. Mwa kupenda malipoti a FEC, kutsatira zopereka za makampani, kuyendera ndalama zodzifunira, ndi kuyerekezera opereka ndi zosoŵa za ogwirizana, kukhoza kupanga zosankha zofunikira zanzeru zimene zingasonyezere mapindu awo mmalo mwa zofuna za anthu ochepa otchuka.

Kuona zinthu moonekera bwino ndiko maziko a kuŵerengera mlandu, ndipo chisankho chogwirizana chosankha chimene chimagwiritsira ntchito chidziŵitso cha ndawala monga mbali ya chivoti chake chovotera chimalimbitsa dongosolo la demokrase kwa aliyense.