Table of Contents

Zotsatirapo za Kusintha: Kupenda Zosankha Mwakufufuza Nkhani

Zosankha za malamulo zimaimira zinthu zina zimene boma lingachite. Mafakitale onse, kukonzanso makampani, kusintha khalidwe la anthu ogula, ndipo zingatanthauze kusiyana pakati pa moyo ndi imfa kwa anthu ovutika. Ophunzira a boma, malonda, ndi malamulo, kumvetsetsa mbali zonse za chigamulo cha lamulo. Kuchokera pa cholinga chofuna kukwaniritsa zinthu zosafunika, nkofunika. Nkhaniyi ikufufuza nkhani zambiri pa malo ozungulira, zachuma, zachinsinsi, zachinsinsi cha zinthu za anthu, ndi zamalonda apadziko lonse kuti asonyeze mmene zosankha za boma zimathandizira kukonzanso zinthu, kaŵirikaŵiri kutsutsana. Mwa kupenda zimene zinalephera, zimene sizinayembekezeredwe, timamanga dongosolo loyenera kukonzanso zinthu.

Kusintha kwa Chigamulo Cholamulira

Asanaloŵe m'nkhani zina, kuli kothandiza kumvetsetsa moyo wa chigamulo cha lamulo. Kusintha kumayamba ndi kulephera kwa malonda kapena ngozi ya anthu: kuipitsa mpweya kuvulaza thanzi la m’mapapo, kuomba kowononga ndalama, kapena chakudya choipitsa chimene chimachititsa matenda ambiri. Malamulo kapena mabungwe amene amakonza malamulo akonza zothetsera kulephera. Malamulowo amayambitsa kuwonongetsa ndalama za oseŵera ena . Malamulowo amawononga ndalama, malamulo oyendetsera ntchito, kusimba za katundu, kupereka ndalama kwa ena: mpweya woyera, zinthu zosungidwa bwino, kapena maulendo a m’chipatala ocheperapo.

Kulimbana pakati pa mtengo ndi mapindu ameneŵa kuli kumene kuli nkhani yeniyeni. Palibe chigamulo chopanga zotulukapo zabwino zofanana. Opambana ndi olephera amatulukira. Amalonda amasintha m'njira zimene sananenepo.

Phunziro Loyamba: Lamulo Loyera la Mpweya ndi Kukonzanso Malo Okhala

Chiyambi ndi Chifuniro

Cleena Air Act ya 1963, yokonzedwa bwino mu 1970, 1977, ndi 1990, imaimira imodzi ya madongosolo a za malo okhala ofunitsitsa padziko lapansi. Cholinga chake chachikulu chinali cholondola: kukhazikitsa miyezo ya mpweya ya mtundu wa zoipitsa zoonedwa kukhala zovulaza thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala, ndipo ikufuna kuti mayiko apange mapulani opanga malamulowo kuti akwaniritse miyezo imeneyi. Kusintha kwa mu 1970 kunapatsa mphamvu yatsopano ya kutetezera zachilengedwe yokhazikitsa malamulo ndi kuika mipambo yamphamvu yochepetsera kutsika kwa zofalitsa zonse ziŵiri zoipitsa zotchedwa kuti zikhale zowononga thanzi la anthu ndi malo okhala ndi malo okhalako monga mafakitale ndi magalimoto.

Umoyo Wokwanira Umayamba

Umoyo wa anthu umapindula ndi Cease Air Act. Malinga ndi lipoti la 2020 EPA, mapindu onse a ntchito ya Ceaner Air Act kuyambira mu 1990 mpaka 2020 amaphatikizapo imfa zapanthaŵi yake zoyerekezeredwa kukhala 2300,000, kuchepa kwa matenda a mtima, kuchotsedwa kwa matenda a mphumu, ndi kulowa m'zipatala. Kuchepetsedwa kwa zinthu zofunikira pazokha kwakhala kogwirizana ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito ya m’mapapo ku anthu onse, makamaka ana ndi okalamba. Ubwino wa thanzi umenewu umapangitsa kuti akhale wachuma: Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ntchito kwaumoyo, kusoŵa tsiku la tsiku, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito.

Ziyambukiro za Kugwa kwa Chuma

Komabe, kugonjera kwakhala kochuluka. Makampani monga ngati magetsi a malasha, kupanga mankhwala, ndi kukonza galimoto awononga mabiliyoni ambiri pa tekinoloji yoletsa kutulutsa mpweya. Ndalama za Ceake Air Act zakhala zikuyerekezeredwa pa $65 biliyoni pachaka kuyambira 2020. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti kutsekedwa kwa malo ena, makamaka m’madera a Appachia ndi Midwaster. Antchito m’madera ameneŵa anathandiza kwambiri kukonzanso zinthu, kugogomezera mmene malamulo oikidwa bwino angapangire kupweteka ndi kuchotsa zinthu zina.

Kusintha Zinthu za Luso Monga Phindu Losayembekezereka

Chimodzi cha zotulukapo zazikulu kwambiri zosasamaliridwa za Ceat Air Act chinali kuwonjezereka kwa tekinoloji yolamulira kuipitsa. Scrubber ya mafakitale amagetsi, zosintha zosintha ndi zoyendera za galimoto, ndi madongosolo oyendera bwino anatulukira mbali imodzi pochitapo kanthu ndi mphamvu ya kuyendetsa. Zimenezi zinapanga makampani atsopano ndi mipata yotumiza zinthu kunja, zikumapereka lingaliro lakuti kusintha malamulo kungachepetse mtengo wa kugonjerako kwa nthaŵi. Phunziro nlakuti zosankha za kuyendetsa galimoto sizimaika pamtengo wokha; zimasinthanso zisonkhezero m’njira zimene zingapangitse kuyendetsa bwino zinthu.

Kumenyana Mwalamulo ndi Mwandale

Clean Air Act yakhalanso malo a nkhondo zopitirizabe za lamulo, kuchokera ku [FLT: 0] Chaveron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council mu 1984 kuya ku [FLT:] Massachusetts v. EPA [] mu 2007, imene inakhazikitsa kuti carbon dioxide ikhoza kuikidwa monga wofufuza pansi pa Act. Nkhanizi zikusonyeza mmene zosankha za kukonzanso sikuli ntchito zomalizira koma kukambitsirana kopitirizabe pakati pa mabungwe, mabwalo a za makampani, makampani, ndi ochirikiza malo okhalako. Matanthauzo a malamulo a nthaŵi zambiri kupyola ndi kumasuliranso kwa kayendetsedwe ka ntchito.

Phunziro Lachiwiri: Lamulo la Dodd-Flack System ndi Kukhazikika kwa Ndalama

Chiyambi cha Mavuto

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, adasainwa m'lamulo mu July 2010, inali lamulo lapamwamba kwambiri la zachuma kuchokera ku New DO. Njira yake inatsatira mavuto a zachuma a 2008, pamene magulu aakulu monga Lehman abale ndi kuchepa kwa AIG kuvumbula zofooka zazikulu m'dongosolo la za zachuma. Malamulo olembedwawo anali kuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kukhazikika kwa zachuma, kuthera "okulira kulephera," kutetezera ogula ku machita a chipongwe, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuwala m'misika.

Kusintha Kwakukulu

Dodd-Frank adapanga mabungwe atsopano angapo: Bungwe la Ndalama Zotetezera Ofesi Yolamulira za Malamulo kuti liyang'anire ngozi ya dongosolo la zinthu, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau kukhazikitsa malamulo otetezera a ogula, ndi Orderly Decription Authority kuti asunge ziungwe zofunika kwambiri. Linakhazikitsa Lamulo la Volcker, lomwe linaletsa mabanki kugulitsa malonda a makampani, ndipo linafuna kuchotsa zinthu zambiri zochokera ku malo a kampani. Limawonjezeranso malamulo a mabanki ndi kutha kwa madzi owonjezereka kwa mabanki aakulu.

Kuthandiza Makampani

Chiyambukiro cha Act chawonekera kwambiri chakhala pa makampani a banki. Mabanki aakulu awonjezera kwambiri masungiko awo aakulu, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kusungidwa kwa ndalama zamtsogolo. Volcker Lap inakakamiza mabanki ambiri kutsekeka kapena kuchepetsa ntchito zawo za malonda. Ndalama zoyendera zakhala zowona: malinga ndi ziŵerengero, mabanki aakulu koposa a U.S. amawononga mabiliyoni ambiri pachaka pakutsatira lamulo, kuphatikizapo kujambula, kupenda zamkati, ndi ntchito zalamulo. Mabanki aang'ono atsutsa kuti mtolo wa zamalonda ndi wa merctory , kutsogolera ku kulumikizana m'mabanki ndi kubweretsa ndalama kumadera akumidzi.

Zotsatirapo za Kutetezeredwa kwa Anthu Ogula

Bungwe la Consumer Financial Protection Bureau labwezera kwa ogula mabiliyoni a madola ovulazidwa ndi machitidwe osaloledwa, kuphatikizapo kukonza nyumba, ndalama zolipirira makhadi a ngongole, ndi kubwereketsa machenjera. Komabe, CFPB yayang'anizananso ndi chisulizo pa kayendetsedwe ka ulamuliro ndi njira zosungitsira. Choikidwiratu cha bungwelo chasintha ndi maulamuliro andale zadziko, kusonyeza kusokonezeka kwa mabungwe a ndale zadziko ku chigamulo. Zimenezi zikugogomezera mfundo yaikulu: zosankha zaungwe zaudindo zangokhala zolimba monga zigwirizano za ndale zadziko zimene zimawachirikiza.

Zotulukapo ndi Zoipa Zosayembekezeredwa

Otsutsa Dodd-Flack akusonyeza ziyambukiro zingapo zosasamaliridwa. Mtolo wa kugonjera wachepetsa kupezeka kwa ngongole kwa mabizinesi aang'ono ndi ogula nyumba anthaŵi yoyamba. Ena amatsutsa kuti kucholoŵana kwa Chilamulo kwapangitsa dongosolo la zachuma kukhala lolimba, osati lochepera. Ndipo pamene kuli kwakuti Chikalatacho chinalinganizidwa kuletsa mavuto a zachuma amtsogolo, dongosolo la zosungiramo mthunzi , ndalama zachinsinsi, zokongoletsera, ndi zopanda makhondedwawo . Kusamuka kumeneku kwaupandu wa kuchepetsa magawo apamwamba kuli njira yodziŵira ntchito: malamulo a malo amodzi kaŵirikaŵiri amaloŵera m'chimodzi, kupanga masinthidwe atsopano.

Kuŵerenga kowonjezereka pa ziyambukiro za nthaŵi yaitali za Dodd-Frank, [[FLT: 0] Federal Reserve's steeves steces imapereka malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane a zotsatirapo za madesiki.

Kupenda Nkhani 3: Lamulo la Kusungitsa Zakudya Lamakono

Kupewa Kuyankha

FDA Food Safety Modertization Act, yomwe inasainwa m'lamulo mu January 2011, inasintha kwambiri njira yotetezera chakudya ku United States. Asanakwane FSMA, njira yoteteza chakudya inali yothandiza kwambiri: mabungwe anafufuza za kubuka kwa nyengo itatha kuchitika. FDA SAMA inasamukira ku malo otetezera chakudya, omwe ankafunikira kukonza chakudya kuti chisawonongeke, kukonzanso njira zotetezera chakudya, kukonza zinthu zoika pangozi, ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Inapatsanso bungwe la FDA commond kumbukira kwa nthaŵi yoyamba.

Kuthetsa Mavuto

Kugwiritsa ntchito FSMA kwakhala kovuta ndipo kochititsa chidwi. Lamulo linafuna FDA kutulutsa malamulo ambiri ndi zikalata zotsogolera, kuphimba zonse kuchokera ku kutulutsa miyezo ya chitetezo ya kuchinjiriza chakudya cha anthu ndi nyama. Kusintha kwa m'mwambo kwachititsa kukonzanso kwakukulu. Mafamu aang'ono ndi opanga a a maatomu, makamaka, adayang'anizana ndi mavuto ogwirizana ndi kusungitsa ndi kuyang'anira. FDA yapereka madeti a kukhazikitsa malamulo ndi maprogramu a chithandizo chaluso kuti ichepetse kusinthako, koma mtolo wa ntchito zazing'ono udakalibe nsonga ya mkangano.

Zotulukapo Zopitirira m’Chakudya Chotetezereka

Chidziŵitso cha mphamvu ya thanzi la anthu cha FSMA chikupezekabe, koma zizindikiro zoyambirira nzotsimikizirika. Kufalikira kwa matenda ena ochititsidwa ndi chakudya kwachepa chiyambire njira ya lamulo. Kusweka kogwirizana ndi zakudya za FDA ndi zolamulidwa kukupezedwa ndi kuimitsidwa mofulumira, chifukwa cha kuwongolera mphamvu zopimira ndi zofunika zoperekera lipoti. Lamulo lasonkhezeranso kutengera njira zamakono za kutetezera chakudya, kuphatikizapo kuyesa mwamsanga ndi kutumiza mzere wambiri wa kachipangizo kotengera kumbuyo.

Ntchito za Chuma Zothandiza Opanga Makampani

Kugwirizana kwa ndalama zogwirizanitsidwa ndi FSMA si zinthu zazing'ono. Mafamu ndi malo a chakudya asungitsa zipangizo zoyendetsera, maprogramu ophunzitsa, ndi mautumiki ofunsira kuti akwaniritse miyezo yatsopano. Opanga ena aang'ono apeza ndalama zoletsedwa, zopangitsa kugwirizanitsa zigawo zina. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, lamulo lapanga mipata ya mafakitale ofunsira ku chisungiko cha chakudya, kuyesa malaboletale, ndi matheki a zaumisiri. Chiyambukiro cha chuma nchosiyana: chakudya chotetezereka chimachepetsa mtengo wa za kachirombo, koma ndalamazo zimagawidwa kudutsa anthu, pamene ndalama zomvera zikugwa pa opanga makampaniwo.

Kupenda Nkhani 4: Kuchinjiriza Kusintha ndi Kudzibisa kwa Ativi Azaumulungu

Kufalikira kwa Chilamulo cha ku Ulaya Padziko Lonse

Komiti ya U.N. ya European Union's General Data Protection Regculation, yogwira ntchito May 2018, mwina ndi lamulo lachinsinsi lokhudza kwambiri m'mbiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi lamulo la Ulaya, limagwira ntchito padziko lonse: gulu lililonse limene limapanga chidziŵitso cha munthu aliyense mu EU liyenera kugwirizana, mosasamala kanthu za kumene gulu lili. Chiyambukiro cha kuwonjezera chiyambukiro cha makampani padziko lonse lapansi kugamulanso za machitidwe awo a zachinsinsi, kuyambira ku makisikiti a Web mpaka ku mabukhu a antchito kufikira ku makompyuta a ogulira makompyuta.

Makonzedwe Aakulu ndi Kukongola Kwawo

GDPR inayambitsa mfundo zingapo: Kuchepetsa chidziŵitso, kuchepetsa zolinga, ndi kuŵerengera mlandu. Mabungwe ayenera kukhala ndi maziko ovomerezeka a kukonza zinthu, anthu ali ndi ufulu wopeza, kukonza, ndi kuchotsa zinthu zawo, ndipo maboo ayenera kusimbidwa m’maola 72. Mapikicha angafike 4% a ndalama zimene anthu amapeza pachaka. Cholinga chinali kupatsa anthu ufulu wochuluka pa zinthu zawo ndiponso kugwirizanitsa malamulo achinsinsi m’mayiko onse a EU, kuchepetsa kugaŵanikana kwa magawo.

Chiyambukiro pa Malonda

Makampani apereka ndalama zambiri ku GDPR. Makampani alola mapulogalamu ambirimbiri ogwirizana, kuphatikizapo kupenda makompyuta, mapulatifomu ovomereza, kupima zinthu zachinsinsi, ndi kulangiza antchito. Lamulo layambitsanso makampani atsopano a apolisi oteteza zinthu, alangizi achinsinsi, ndi operekera mapulogalamu a zaumisiri ogwirizana ndi makompyuta. Makampani aakulu a zaumisiri okhala ndi mapazi apadziko lonse, achita ntchito yokwera koma yokhoza kuyendetsedwa. Makampani aang'ono ndi a za m’maubongo, katundu wakhala wolemera, ndi wotsekemera, ndi kusankha kutseka ogwiritsa ntchito EUC m’malo mwa kuyang'anizana ndi ndalama zotsatira.

Kukakamizidwa ndi Kukula Mwalamulo

Machitidwe okakamiza apereka chitsogozo chofunika pa malamulo. Zowawa zazikulu kwambiri za deti zimaphatikizapo zija zotsutsana ndi Meta (U.1.2 biliyoni za kusamutsira chidziŵitso ku U.S.), Amazon (m'746 miliyoni kaamba ka njira zotsatsa), ndi Tik Tok (magazi 1.45 miliyoni a chidziŵitso cha ana). Malamulo ameneŵa asintha ukulu wa malamulo a GDPR, makamaka kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi kusamutsira KAMBIRIS , chigamu II , chimene chinawononga njira yachinsinsi ya . Nkhani yosinthayo imasonyeza mmene malamulo amawongowongoletsera zinthu kudzera m'chisamaliro.

Zotulukapo Zosayembekezereka ndi Kulabadira Kosinthasintha

GDPR yatulutsa ziyambukiro zambiri zosayembekezereka. Lamulolo lalimbikitsa malo a makampani aakulu a tekinoloji amene angakhoze kugonjera, pamene akupanga zopinga za kuyambika ndi opikisana aang'ono. Kutopa kovomereza kwafalikira, ndi ogwiritsira ntchito mosalingalira kupeputsa zilembo za cookie . Ndipo malamulowo asintha kwambiri ntchito yawo pa mavuto a kujambula zinthu ndi ukapitapitalizimu. Kutsutsana pa mphamvu ya GDPR kwapitirizabe, ndi kunena kuti awonjezera chitetezo chachinsinsi ndi ena kuletsa kuletsa ntchito yake.

Kuti afotokoze ziŵerengero za osungitsa ndi mikhalidwe, [[FLT: 0] Eupan Data Protection Board's statist imapereka chidziŵitso chokwanira pa milandu ndi zilango.

Kupenda Nkhani 5: Basel III ndi Miyezo ya Kusunga Mabanki Padziko Lonse

Kusintha kwa Zinthu Padziko Lonse

Chigawo cha Basel III, chomwe chinayambitsidwa ndi Banking Supec poyankha vuto la zachuma la 2008, chimasonyeza kuyesa kugwirizanitsa malamulo a banki m’mayiko osiyanasiyana. Ndikugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa 2013 ndi 2028, Basel III amafuna kuti mabanki akhale ndi malikulu kwambiri, kuti apitirizebe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zodalirika, ndiponso kuti akwaniritse ziyeso. Cholinga cha mabanki chikhale chochititsa kuti azikhala opirira kwambiri ndi oopsa ndi kuchepetsa mavuto a m’tsogolo.

Mbali Zazikulu ndi Kalongosoledwe Kake

Basel III anayambitsa njira zingapo: zofunikira zamalikulu zokulirapo zoŵerengeka, chosungiramo chamalikulu, chopinga chotetezera, chopimira chimene chingakwezedwe panyengo za kuchuluka kwa ngongole kopambanitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito monga kuletsa kuikidwa paupandu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofunikira kuphatikizapo kuphikirana kwa ndalama ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyendetsera ndalama. Kulingalira ndiko kwakuti mabanki otetezedwa bwino sadzakhala olephera ndi okhoza kupitiriza kubwereketsa m'nthaŵi ya kutsika kwa chuma.

Kupereka Chikalata Chotsutsa

Kutsatira Basel III kwasintha kwambiri m'maiko. Komiti ya European Union yasintha malamulo kudzera ku Capital Cergionation Regative and Capital Confromments Directive Directive , pamene U.S. yawagwiritsira ntchito kudzera mwa malamulo a Federal Reserve . Njira ya U.S. yakhala yolimba m'madera ena, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yowonjezereka ku mabungwe a zabanki achilendo. Japan ndi China atengera njira zoyendera zogwirizana ndi mabanki awo. Kusintha kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti mlingo wolingaliridwa kukhala woseŵera chigawo cha malamulo a dziko lonse lapansi ndi woyenerera kwambiri.

Chiyambukiro pa Makhalidwe a Banki ndi Malonda

Chiyambukiro cha Basel III chakhala chiwonjezeko chachikulu m'mamalikulu a mabanki kumaiko otukuka. Ma Bank achepetsa kudalira kwawo pa ndalama zoperekedwa ndi nthaŵi yaifupi ndi kuwonjezera kukhala kwawo ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi zokwera. Komabe, lamulolo lagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu yopanga malonda m'misika ina, popeza kuti mabanki achepetsa ntchito zawo zamalonda. Otsutsa ena akutsutsa kuti dongosolo la zinthu nlovuta kwambiri ndipo limadalira pa zitsanzo zangozi zimene zingagwiritsiridwe ntchito, pamene ena amanena kuti zofunika zazikuluzo n’zo zochepetsera mavuto a m’tsogolo.

Malonda Pakati pa Kubwezera ndi Kugulitsa

Makampani aang'ono ndi ongofuna kubwereka ndalama angayambukiridwe kwambiri. Kupeza ndalama zoyenerera ndi kukhoza kupangitsa mabanki kukhala otetezereka komanso kuchepetsa kubwerera kwawo pa kuyenera, kukhoza kuwachititsa kuchepetsa kukongola kapena kukweza ndalama zobwereketsa. Makampani aang'ono ndi ongofuna kukongola ndalama, angayambukiridwe kwambiri. Kupeza kulinganiza kwabwino kuli chitokoso chosalekeza, ndipo kugaŵidwa kwa Basel III kumapitirizabe kutsutsana monga mbali yomalizira ya kukwaniritsa.

Kugwirizanitsa Kafukufuku wa Nkhani: Zitsanzo ndi Maphunziro

Kukwera mtengo

Njira imene imaonekera pa kufufuza kwa kaganizidwe konse kasanu ndiyo kulinganiza mtengo ndi mapindu. Kukwera kwa malamulo kumaikidwa pa mafakitale ena kapena magulu a makampani, kumene kumapatsa maguluwo chisonkhezero champhamvu cha kutsutsa kapena kutsutsa malamulo. Mapindu, poyerekeza ndi, amafalikira kwa anthu: mpweya woyera, chakudya chotetezeka, misika yokhazikika. Kusintha kwa zinthu kumayambitsa vuto la kukonzanso malamulo, popeza kuti opereka malamulowo kaŵirikaŵiri salinganiza bwino ndipo salankhula kwambiri kuposa amene ali ndi ndalama.

Kugaŵanika kwa Kusintha

M’zochitika zambiri, malamulo ayambitsa kupangidwa kwa zipangizo zamakono ndi njira zamalonda zimene zimachepetsako ndalama zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malamulo a mpweya oyera anasonkhezera kupangidwa kwa zipangizo zotetezera mpweya. Dodd-Frank anayambitsa kupita patsogolo m'kujambula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyendera magetsi. FSMA ikhoza kuyambitsa njira zabwino zopezera chakudya. GDPR inapangidwa mwachinsinsi.

Kugwiritsira Ntchito Maseŵero Osiyanasiyana

Kusintha si chosankha cha nthaŵi imodzi koma ndi kachitidwe kopitirizabe. Kutsatira kumafuna mapepala otsogolera, malamulo oyendera, maprojekiti, ndi kupenda . Maulamuliro andale amasintha, kusungitsa zinthu zofunika. Kusinthasintha. Nthaŵi zambiri kufunafuna njira zogwirizanira ndi lamulo pamene akufooketsa mzimu wake. Kusintha kwa malamulo kumatanthauza kuti opanga ayenera kuyembekezera osati kokha yankho loyamba koma maluso osintha amene adzatuluka m'kupita kwa nthaŵi. Makonzedwe oyendera magetsi, nyengo zofunikira, ndi madongosolo a kayendetsedwe ka malamulo angathandize kukhalabe othandiza pamene mikhalidwe ikusintha.

Chitokoso cha Mwambo

M'dziko lonse, malamulo amene amalekeka pa malire a dziko sagwira ntchito. Lamulo la Ceaner Air Act silingaletse kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku mafakitale ku China kapena India amene amachititsa kusintha kwa nyengo ya dziko lonse. Dodd-Frank singathe kuletsa kuwonjezeka kwa dongosolo la magetsi a mthunzi, ambiri amene amagwira ntchito ku malire a dziko. GDPR inagwiritsa ntchito mapangano ogwirizana koma idakali ndi mavuto oletsa makampani omwe ali kunja kwa EU. Basel III anayesa kugwirizanitsa mayiko osiyanasiyana koma anapanga zinthu zosagwirizana. Opanga maluso a za kayendetsekedwe ka zinthu ayenera kuwonjezera maganizo pa mfundo za mayiko ambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirizana, zigwirizano zovomerezana, ndi zigwirizano zosiyanasiyana.

Kumaliza: Kulinganiza Kowonjezereka

Kufufuza kopendedwa pano , Dodd-Frank Act, Food Safety Modernization Act, General Data Protection Regation , ndi Basel III chisonyezero cha dongosolo [1] kuti zosankha zauyang'anira zimatulutsa, kuzungulira, ndi kutsutsana kwa nthaŵi zambiri. Palibe lamulo lomwe liri labwino kapena loipa kwenikweni. Iliyonse imaimira malonda: pakati pa kutetezereka kwa anthu ndi kuyendetsa bwino chuma, pakati pa kutetezera kwa ogula ndi kupezeka kwa malonda, pakati pa kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la zinthu ndi kuyendetsa malonda dynamism.

Kwa aphunzitsi, ophunzira, ndi opanga malamulo, mfungulo njakuti kupenda kwadongosolo kuyenera kukhala kopeka, kotsatira mfundo, ndi kodzichepetsa. Maulosi onena za zotulukapo za kubwerera kumbuyo ayenera kutsutsidwa, ndi kuperekedwa m'dongosolo. Madongosolo othandiza kwambiri si aja amene amapanga zonse bwino lomwe poyesa choyamba, koma awo amene amakhudza njira za kuphunzira, kusintha, ndi kuwongolera. Mwa kuphunzira ponse paŵiri zipambano ndi zolephera za kachitidwe ka kapomsepo, tingapange makonzedwe abwino ndi othandiza kwambiri opangira malamulo a maŵa.