Kusinthika kwa Chisankho Chachikulu mu Demokrase Yamakono

Masankho aakulu amaimira njira imodzi yochititsa kwambiri m'madongosolo a democracy amakono, yokhudza kwambiri mmene zipani zandale zimasankhira otsogolera awo ndi mmene ovota amapangira zosankha zawo posankha. Njira imene magulu amasankhamo mameno awo asintha kwambiri m'zaka za zana lapita, kuchoka m'zipinda zodzaza ndi utsi kumene akuluakulu a gulu la zipani anapanga zosankha zotseka zitseko kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosankhira. Kuzindikira bwino mmene ofufuza apamwamba amayambukirira kusankha ndi makhalidwe a ovota kumafuna osati kokha kupenda mitundu yosiyana, komanso andale, a zachikhalidwe, ndi aluso la maganizo a anthu, kuseŵera.

Ku United States, njira yaikulu yasankha chipani cha andale pafupifupi pamlingo uliwonse wa boma, kuyambira pamabungwe a sukulu a kumaloko kufika ku unduna weniweni. Kusintha kulinga ku mapulaneti oyambirira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20 ndi kufulumira kwa zaka za 1970 kunasintha kwambiri unansi pakati pa zipani ndi ochisankha, kuyambitsa mipata yonse iŵiri ya kutengamo mbali kwa demokrase ndi zitokoso zogwirizana ndi kuimira, kuwonjezera dziko, ndi njira ya mkupiti.

Kufotokoza Madongosolo Aakulu ndi Masinthidwe Ake

Pamaziko ake, chisankho chachikulu ndicho mpikisano woyambirira wochitidwa ndi zipani za ndale zadziko kugamulapo kuti ndi wobatizidwa uti amene adzaimira chipani m’chisankho cha onse. Komabe, malamulo otsimikizirika olamulira amene angatengemo mbali ndi mmene mavoti amaŵerengedwera amasiyana mokulira m’zigawo zonse ndipo amakhala ndi ziyambukiro zazikulu kaamba ka zotulukapo.

Otsekerezedwa: Chilango cha Pagulu ndi Ziŵalo Zofunika

M’madongosolo oyambirira otsekedwa, ziŵalo za chipani cholembetsedwa zokha ndizo zimaloledwa kuvota m'chosankha chachikulu cha chipani chawo. Mabungwe ameneŵa amasankhira ogwirizana ndi chipani, kukhazikitsa malire omveka pakati pa misasa ya chisankho. Ochirikiza akutsutsa kuti ma primenti akuletsa kuvota kwapadera kwa zipani zotsutsana zimene zingayese kusonkhezera kusankhidwa kwa munthu wofooka. Mwachitsanzo, m'chosankha cha onse, ochirikiza gulu lotsutsanalo angavote m'gulu lalikulu la gululo kuti asankhe munthu wina amene angaone kukhala wosavuta kugonjetsa.

Mayiko monga New York, Florida, ndi Kentucky omwe amagwira ntchito yothandiza kwambiri. Kufufuza kwa asayansi andale kumasonyeza kuti masure otsekedwa amapanga oyembekezera kulowa m'gululo amene ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi anthu ochirikiza chipani, pamene awo amene atenga sitepe la kulembetsa mwalamulo ndi chipani cha Florida kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala odzipereka kwambiri pa ndale zadziko ndipo amakhala ndi malingaliro amphamvu kuposa osankhidwa.

Otseguka: Kutenga Nawo Mbali Mochuluka ndi Kukumana ndi Mavuto Oyenera

Madongosolo aakulu otsegulira amalola wovota aliyense wovomerezeka kukhala ndi phande m'chosankha chachikulu cha chipani chilichonse, mosasamala kanthu za chipani chawo. Chitsanzo chimenechi chimagogomezera kukhala ndi mbali yaikulu ndi kuchepetsa zopinga kusanthula. M'maboma onga Michigan, Wisconsin, ndi Minnesota, ovota amangosankha kuti ndi chipani chiti chimene akufuna kuvota pa tsiku la chisankho, popanda kulengeza chipani chachikhalire.

Chitsanzo chachikulu chakopa chidwi chachikulu monga njira yothekera ya kusintha chifukwa chakuti chimalola osankha odziimira okha ndi osavala, amene amaimira mbali yomakulakula ya osankhidwa, kukhala ndi liwu m’dongosolo la kusanthula. Malinga ndi zolembedwa za Pew Research Center, gawo la Aamereka amene amatcha odziimira paokha andale zadziko lakula modabwitsa m’zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, kupangitsa kuleka kwawo kutseka malo otsekera kukhala nkhaŵa yowonjezereka.

Kutsekeka kwa Semi ndi Semi- Opy Hybrids

Mayiko ambiri atengera njira za hybrid system zimene zimayesa kulinganiza makhalidwe opikisana a kudzilamulira kwa chipani ndi kutengamo mbali. Osankha osagwirizana amalola osankhidwa kutenga mbali m'chipani chimodzi ndi chimodzi pokhapokha alembetse mamembala a chipani chawo. Kusiyanako, amalola ovota kusankha kuti ndi chipani chiti chiti choyambirira kutengamo mbali pa tsiku la chisankho, koma ovota amene alembetsa kale ndi chipani ayenera kuvota m'gulu lalikulu la chipanicho.

Madongosolo ophatikizapo opangidwa ndi zinzake ameneŵa amasonyeza mfundo yakuti palibe chinthu chimodzi chachikulu chimene chimatumikira bwino kwambiri makhalidwe onse a demokrase. Kusankha pakati pa mitundu yaikulu yosiyanasiyana mosapeŵeka kumaloŵetsamo kugulitsana pakati pa kugwirizana kwa chipani, kuvomerezana, kuimira, ndi kukana kulanda zinthu mwadongosolo.

Kukula kwa Kalelo kwa Dongosolo Loyambirira

Kuzindikira dongosolo lalikulu la masiku ano kumafuna kuzindikira chisinthiko chake cha m'mbiri. Kuchiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 20, otchuka anasankhidwa mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabuleki ndi misonkhano ya magulu apamwamba. Nyengo ya Kusintha inabweretsa zifuno za kukhala ndi phande kwa demokrase kokulirapo, kutsogolera ku kutengera masankho aakulu m'maiko ambiri. Komabe, nthaŵi zambiri mapulogalamu oyambirira ameneŵa anali osagwirizanitsa kapena kulimbikitsa, limodzi ndi misonkhano yachigawo yomalizira yosunga ulamuliro pa mapangano.

Dongosolo lamakono lomwe tikudziŵa lerolino linatulukira kwakukulukulu kuchokera ku kusintha pambuyo pa Msonkhano wa Democratic National wa 1968 wosokonekera, kumene otsutsa nkhondo anatsutsa kuti njira ya kutembenuza inalamuliridwa ndi oloŵa m'gulu amene ananyalanyaza zikondwerero za malo ndi mafashoni a pulogalamu. Zotsatirapo za McGovern-Fraser Commission zinakhazikitsa zitsogozo zofuna kuti magulu a boma agwiritsire ntchito posankha anthu, chipambano cha kukhazikitsa ma Pricrimicript kapena kutsegula ma coucluise. Zitsender zosinthanso zinayambukira Republican Party , ndipo ndi 1970s, Primensions adakhala bungwe la pulezidenti wa ufulu wa kukhazikitsa.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafoni a M’manja

Kumvetsetsa ntchito zimenezi kumamveketsa bwino chifukwa chake zinthu zazikulu kwambiri za dongosolo la ndale zadziko zikufalikira kwambiri.

Kuyesa ndi Kumanga Nyumba Zamakono

Upandu umapereka maziko oyesera ovuta kumene oyembekezera kuyenera kusonyeza kukhoza kwawo kukopa ovota, kukweza ndalama, ndi kutsutsa kupendedwa kwa ndale zadziko. Kupambana m'mipikisano yaikulu, makamaka m'maiko onga Iowa ndi New Hampshire, kungayambitse nyonga imene oyembekezera kuikidwa ku kuikidwa kwa dzina. Lingaliro la mphamvu ya kampeni limalembedwa bwino m'kufufuza kwa ndale zadziko, kusonyeza kuti zipambano zoyambirira zimawonjezera kuulutsa kwa atolankhani, opereka zopereka, ndi wosankha kuchirikiza wovomerezedwa wolingaliridwa kukhala wokhoza.

Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, kusachita bwino m’masukulu oyambirira kungathetse mkupiti wochitidwa osankha ambiri asanakhale ndi mwaŵi wa kuupenda.

Kupha Anthu Ogwirizana ndi Kuphwanya Malamulo

Pamene zichitidwa bwino, zingwe zingathandize kugwirizanitsa chipani kumbuyo kwa wobatizidwa mmodzi mwa kupereka njira yoonekera bwino ndi yopikisana yothetsera kusamvana kwa m’kati. Kuyenera koperekedwa mwa kupambana pa chisankho chachikulu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kwa magulu ogonjetsedwa kutsutsa kunena kwa gululo pomalizira pake. Ntchito yogwirizanitsa imeneyi imakhala yofunika kwambiri makamaka ngati magulu akugawidwa mwachisawawa pa mfundo kapena njira.

Komabe, si zoona kuti zimenezi zingachititse kuti pakhale kugawikana kwakukulu kapena koipa kumene kumachitikabe pa masankho a anthu onse, chifukwa anthu amene akutsatira anthu okagonjetsawo angaone kuti asiyana kapena kukayikira kuti pamapeto pake ayamba kuchulukana.

Kulimbikitsa Kuloŵa M’gulu la Mawu ndi Kumanga Chipani

Upandu ungakhale ngati poyambira kuti nzika zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi ndale. Olemba nkhani amene amatenga nawo mbali m'masukulu kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi zolinga zolimba ku chipani chawo ndipo ali othekera kwambiri kuvota m'masankho onse, kudzipereka pa makampani, ndi kuthandizira mwa ndalama kwa ofunsira. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa mapwando ofuna kukulitsa mphamvu ya kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi kukulitsa atsogoleri a m’tsogolo.

Kufufuza kochokera ku Center for American Progress kwasonyeza kuti mwa mipikisano yaikulu ya mpikisano wa kupikisana, imakhala ndi kuwona wosankha wopambana, ponse paŵiri m’masukulu ndi m’masankho otsatirapo. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti nyonga ndi chikondwerero zoyambitsidwa ndi mipikisano ya kupikisana zikhoza kukhala ndi ziyambukiro zabwino za kutayika kwa kugawana kwa demokrase mokuliraposerapo.

Kuyambukira kwa Malamulo a M’zamalonda pa Khalidwe ndi Zosankha

Ziyambukiro za masukulu ophunzitsa zimaposa pa kusankha zipani kuti zisonkhezere mmene osankha amalingalirira oyembekezera kubatizidwa, nkhani, ndi zosankha zimene zilipo m’masankho wamba.

Kupanga Njira Yopezera Njira Yopezera Zinthu ndi Nkhani Zovuta

Mkati mwa ndawala zazikulu, oyembekezera kusankhidwa amagwirizanitsa mauthenga awo ku chivoti chachikulu cha chipani, amene ali ndi chikhoterero chopambanitsa kwambiri kuposa osankhidwa onse. Mphamvu imeneyi ingatsogolere oyembekezera kukhala ndi malo pa nkhani zimene sizili zoyenerera ndi ovota a nyuzi m'chosankha cha onse, chochitika cha asayansi andale chikuitana kuchotsapo kwa chigawo cha dziko. Ofuna kulowa m'gulu lankhondo, angayang'anizane ndi chitsenderezo cha kuchepetsa malo awo, koma malo amene amaikidwa mkati mwa chisankho chachikulu angagwiritsiridwe ntchito motsutsana nawo ndi otsutsa chisankho.

Nkhani zimene zimatchuka pa mkupiti waukulu kaŵirikaŵiri zimapita ku masankho a onse, kuumba nkhani zimene ovota amawona kukhala zofunika. Ophunzira amene mwachipambano amakweza nkhani zina mkati mwa mfundo zazikulu angafotokoze mapangano a dongosolo lonse la masankho. Mwachitsanzo, kugogomezera lamulo la malonda mkati mwa 2016 Republican kunasintha kaimidwe ka chipani pa malonda a maiko onse ndi kukakamiza woyendetsayo kuti athetse nkhaŵa zimene zikanafunikira kusakhala zachisamaliro.

Kukulitsa Kukhulupirika ndi Kugwirizana kwa Maganizo

Opanga mbali m'masankho aakulu amakulitsa chiyambukiro champhamvu cha maganizo kwa oyembekezera kubatizidwa amene anathandizidwa kusankha. Chiyambukiro chimenechi, chodziŵika monga chiyambukiro cha mwiniwake [[FLT:] kapena chiyambukiro cha kuwona mtima kwa andale zadziko, chimachitika chifukwa chakuti wosankha amene amapatula nthaŵi ndi mphamvu zochirikiza woloŵa ntchitoyo panthaŵi ya kuwona kukhala wopambana kwa wofuna kukwaniritsa. Kukhulupirikaku kungatembenuzidwe ku chitukuko chachikulu ndi chichirikizo chachangu kwambiri mkati mwa chisankho.

Ntchito yomanga mokhulupirika ya mapulasitala ndi yofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa magawo ofunafuna kusonkhanitsa ochirikiza pa masankho otsatizana kwambiri. Otsalira amene amatuluka m'masukulu opikisana ndi chichirikizo champhamvu angapangitse bwinopo ntchito yaufulu ndi changu chofunikira kupambana mpikisano wapafupi.

Kuwonjezereka kwa Kusintha Malo ndi Kugaŵa

Pamene kuli kwakuti zigawo za anthu wamba zingakulitse kukhulupirika, zimathandiziranso kukulitsa kugaŵikana kwa ndale mwa kusonkhezera oyembekezera kukopa anthu odzipereka ndi otengeka maganizo kwambiri kwa osankhidwawo.

Asayansi andale apanga kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa kufalikira kwa masankho aakulu ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kusagwirizana m'Nyumba ya Malamulo. Pamene mamembala a Congress afunikira kudera nkhaŵa ndi mavuto aakulu a oyembekezera kupyola zipani. Kulimba kumeneku kuli kwakukulu makamaka m'madera amene masankho aakulu saali opikisana, kukupanga mpikisano weniweni weniweni.

Kuyerekezera Madongosolo Aakulu

Pamene kuli kwakuti United States iri ndi dongosolo lalikulu lolinganizidwa bwino koposa pakati pa mademokrase aakulu, maiko ena ayesa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kusankha anthu ofuna kubatizidwa imene imapereka chidziŵitso chothandiza poyerekezera.

Kusankha Zochita za Nyumba ya Malamulo

M'mademokrase ambiri a nyumba ya malamulo, kusankha oyembekezera kukhala osankhidwa kukukhalabe pansi pa ulamuliro wa magulu a chipani, ndi ziŵalo za chipani cha kumaloko kapena osankhidwa ndi akuluakulu akuchita mbali yaikulu. United Kingdom, Canada, ndi Australia onse amagwiritsira ntchito madongosolo amene ziŵalo za chipani cha kumaloko zimasankha ofunsira, koma njirayo njosavuta kwambiri ndipo siilimbana kwambiri kuposa makampani a Amereka. Madongosolo ameneŵa kaŵirikaŵiri amapanga oyembekezera kukhala okhulupirika kwambiri ku utsogoleri wa gulu ndipo samasumika maganizo awo pa kupanga makampani a ndale zadziko.

Kufufuza koyerekezera njira zosankhira anthu oyenera kusankhidwa m’mayiko osiyanasiyana kukusonyeza kuti njira zosavuta ndi zopikisana zimapangitsa anthu ofuna kubatizidwa amene amakonda kwambiri kutengera zimene amakonda koma amenenso amafunitsitsa kutsutsa utsogoleri wa gulu la anthu pa mafunso okhudza malamulo.

Ntchito Zotseguka ku Latin America

Maiko angapo a ku Latin America, kuphatikizapo Uruguay, Chile, ndi Argentina, atengera njira zazikulu zimene zimalola wovota woloŵamo wosankha wobatizidwa. Madongosolo ameneŵa akopa chisamaliro monga zitsanzo zothekera za kusintha ma triprimes a ku America, makamaka m’kukhoza kwawo kuwonjezera pangano la ovota ndi kutulutsa oyembekezera oyenera. Komabe, chipambano cha madongosolo ameneŵa chimadalira kwambiri pa mbali zenizeni za mabungwe ndi nkhani za ndale zadziko zokulirapo.

Mavuto ndi Kusuliza kwa Dongosolo Lamakono Lalikulu

Mosasamala kanthu za lonjezo lawo la democracy, masankho aakulu amayang’anizana ndi mavuto aakulu amene ayenera kuvomerezedwa m’kusanthula kulikonse kwa ziyambukiro zawo pa kusankha wosankhidwa ndi wovota.

Kudera Nkhaŵa kwa M’mwamba ndi Oimira

Masankho aakulu amakopa wovota wotsikayo kuposa masankho onse, kaŵirikaŵiri modabwitsa. M’zaka zoyambirira za pulezidenti, kutuluka m’mapulani kumachokera pa 15 peresenti kufika ku 30 peresenti ya ovota oyenerera, poyerekezera ndi 50 peresenti kufika 60 peresenti m’masankho onse. Kutembenuka kochepa kumeneku kumadzutsa nkhaŵa yakuti kaya osankha oyambirira ali oimira osankhidwa ochuluka.

Kufufuza kosonyeza kuti anthu oyambirira osankha amakhala achikulire, ophunzira kwambiri, opambanitsa maganizo, ndiponso odzipereka kwambiri pa zandale kuposa anthu ena onse.

Vuto la Kumenya Nkhondo Koipa

Mipikisano yaikulu kaŵirikaŵiri imatulutsa mpikisano wosalimbikitsa pamene oyembekezera kubatizidwa akufunafuna kudzisiyanitsa iwo eni ndi otsutsa amene ali ndi mayanjano ofanana ndi malingaliro a anthu. Chifukwa chakuti osankha aakulu kaŵirikaŵiri amayang'anitsitsa kwambiri ndale zadziko, kuukira koipa kungakhale kopindulitsa makamaka m'nkhani ino. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa ndawala yotsutsa kungapitirizebe kuposa kwenikweni, kukuchititsa kukhala kovuta kwambiri kwa wolephera kugwirizanitsa chipani ndi kuchonderera kwa osankha onse.

M’chaka cha 2020, pulezidenti wa democratic faitale, anthu opita ku msonkhanowo anakangana kwambiri, ndipo kafukufuku anasonyeza kuti anthu opita ku masankhowo anachepetsa changu chawo mwa anthu amene anagonjetsedwa, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse kuti anthu ambiri ayambe kusankhana.

Kuwononga Njira Zopangira Makina ndi Zoletsa

Madongosolo oyambirira amapangitsa masankho otchuka, kumene ziŵalo za chiŵalo chimodzi zimadutsa kuti zivote mbali inayo kuti zisonkhezere zotsatira. Chochitika chimenechi, nthaŵi zina chotchedwa kutembenuza [, chalembedwa m'nkhani zambiri zapamwamba. Pamene kuli kwakuti chiyambukiro chenicheni cha kusanthula kovomerezeka chapadera chikukayikiridwa, kuthekera kumayambitsa kusadalirana ndi kudzutsa mafunso ponena za kaya zotulukapo zenizeni zosonyeza zikondwerero za ziŵalo za chipani kapena zaipitsidwa ndi mapangano ogwirizana ndi mapangano oyenerera.

Zolinga Zosintha Dongosolo Loyambirira

Chifukwa cha mavuto amene amachitika m’madongosolo akuluakulu amakono, akatswiri ambiri a zaumoyo, akatswiri a zaulimi, ndiponso mabungwe ena a zachuma apititsa patsogolo mfundo zosintha zinthu.

Kusankha Zochita Zabwino ndi Mapindu Ake

Kuvota kodzisankhira, kodziŵikanso monga kuvota kwa nthaŵi yomweyo, kumalola ovota kusankha ofunsira mmalo mwa kusankha mmodzi. Ngati wosankhidwa salandira voti zambiri za chisankho choyamba, wosankha wokhala ndi mavoti ochepa koposa amachotsedwa, ndipo mavoti awo amaperekedwa ku zokonda zotsatira. Kachitidweka kamapitirizabe kufikira wosankhayo apeza unyinji wa anthu.

Ochirikiza atsutsa kuti kuvota kosankhidwa mosankhidwa kungachepetse kuchirikiza modzifunira ndi oyembekezera kupempha chichirikizo chachiŵiri kuchokera kwa otsutsa awo. Dongosololo likachotsanso kufunika kwa masankho osiyana, kusunga ndalama ndi kuchepetsa kutopa kwa ovota. Maboma onga Maine ndi Alaska atenga kale chosankha chosankhidwa kwa ena kapena masankho awo aakulu, ndipo umboni woyamba umapereka lingaliro lakuti dongosololo limatulutsa zotulukapo zovomerezedwa mowonjezereka.

Madongosolo apamwamba aŵiri ndi Apamwamba

Maboma angapo, kuphatikizapo California ndi Washington, atengera njira ziŵiri zazikulu zimene oyembekezera kubatizidwa onse amawonekera pa chisankho chimodzi chachikulu mosasamala kanthu za chipani, ndi opanga aŵiri opita patsogolo ku chisankho cha onse mosasamala kanthu za chipani. Dongosolo limeneli limachotsa kuthekera kwa wofuna kupambana kwakukulu ndi mbali yochepa ya voti ndipo kenaka samayang'anizana ndi chitokoso chachikulu m'chosankha mumpando wotetezereka.

Chokumana nacho cha Washington cha ma primial aŵiri apamwamba chafufuzidwa kwambiri, ndi kufufuza kukusonyeza kuti dongosolo lachititsa oyembekezera kukhala oyenera ndi kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa anthu m'madera ena. Komabe, otsutsa amanena kuti dongosololi lingapange masankho a anthu onse amene onse aŵiriwo ali ochokera ku gulu limodzi, kuchotsa kwenikweni ochirikiza magulu ena.

Kusintha Tsiku Lofunika Kwambiri la Dziko Lonse ndi Kalendala

Kalendala yoyamba ya pulezidenti yamakono, imene mayiko amapikisana kuchita mipikisano yoyambirira, yasulizidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kupereka chisonkhezero chosalekeza kwa Iowa ndi New Hampshire. Malamulo a tsiku loyamba la dziko lonse, limene maboma onse akasunga malo awo oyambirira patsiku lomwelo, cholinga cha kuyambitsa njira yosakondera. Komabe, kusintha kumeneku kumayang'anizana ndi zopinga zazikulu zandale, pamene maboma oyambirira amatsutsa mwamphamvu kutaya malo awo apamwamba.

Malamulo ena okonzanso makalenda amaphatikizapo njira yaikulu yosinthira madera, imene madera osiyanasiyana a dzikolo amasinthana kuchita mipikisano yoyambirira, kapena njira yomaliza maphunziro imene maboma aang’ono amavotera choyamba ndipo pambuyo pake mavoti aakulu.

Kumaliza: Chisinthiko Chopitiriza cha Ntchito Yochotsa Maufumu Adziko Lopanda Democratic

Chiyambukiro cha atsogoleri pa kusankha ndi kuvota chidakali chimodzi cha mafunso ofunika koposa ndi otsutsa mu ulamuliro wa demokrase wamakono. Masankho aakulu asintha ndale zadziko za America mwa kutsegula njira yosankha kukhalamo ndi phande lokulira, komanso ayambitsanso mavuto atsopano okhudza kutha kwa dziko, kuimira, ndi kampeni. Kumvetsetsa mphamvu zimenezi nkofunika kwa aliyense wofuna kuzindikira mmene magulu andale amagwirira ntchito, mmene ofuna kugawana iwo eni, ndi mmene amapangira zosankha zawo posankha masankhoti.

Pamene kusintha kwa ndale zadziko kukupitirizabe, makambitsirano opitirizabe onena za kusintha dongosolo lalikulu adzakhalabe ofunika kutsimikizira kuti njira za democracy zitumikira zikondwerero za nzika osati magulu ongosankha. Kaya mwa kusankha kosankha, mapulaneti otsegulidwa, kusintha makalendala, kapena zinthu zina zatsopano, kufunafuna njira zabwino zosankhira, kumasonyeza kudzipereka kwakukulu kwa odzilamulira okha ndi chikhulupiriro chakuti mmene timasankhira atsogoleri athu kumaumba zimene amachitapo pa udindo wawo. Dongosolo lalikulu sili kokha tsatanetsatane wa za za luso la zopanga zinthu, koma limakhala mbali yaikulu ya ndalemaladiokrase imene imafunikira chisamaliro kwa akatswiri, ochita maluso, ndi ojambula makampani, ndi omvera.

Kwa awo ofuna kufufuza nkhani zimenezi mowonjezereka, [[FLT: 0] Brookings Institution imapereka kusanthula kochuluka kwa ziyambukiro zazikulu za dongosolo, pamene Center yofufuza [PLT] Pew Research [[[FLT: 3] imapereka chidziŵitso chofunika pa mikhalidwe ya kuvota kulinga ku madongosolo oyambirira. Kufufuza kowonjezereka kuchokera ku MFUTOIT La b]